Advanced search Help
Resource Type or Special Collection is Theses & Research Reports
Publisher is Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Clear all search criteria
Only 2/3! You are seeing results from the Public Collection, not the complete Full Collection. Sign in to search everything (see eligibility).
-
How Can Architecture Make Communities and Urban Environments More Resilient to Disease?
From the Thesis Abstract: "The thesis outlines a series of risk factors that will increase the frequency and intensity of disease outbreaks in the years to come. As COVID-19 has shown, an outbreak can occur at any time. Architecture can be an agent to help reduce the risk. By creating spaces that prioritize health-giving attributes--through the circulation of airflow, spatial design, biophilic elements, natural light, and selection of the right building materials--architecture can be built for healing, and to support infection control. In the 19th century, cities like London and New York implemented housing reforms to improve the living conditions in tenements and other dwellings. Back then, the incorporation of light, nature, and airflow into a building's design was seen as a prescription for disease. In recent years, a growing body of research is confirming what the architects and planners from the past deduced from theory and intuition: that the built environment can promote health and well-being, and reduce the public's exposure to such respiratory infections as tuberculosis and COVID-19. Organizations like Mass Design Group and Archive Global have been applying lessons from the past to design spaces of the present with health-giving intent. This thesis examines their work, along with their core strategies. Ultimately, this thesis advances a prescriptive model to shape the built environment to make it healthier and more resilient, and to reimagine how spaces function and operate."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Garofalo, Jeffrey A.
2020-09
-
Defending American Democracy in the Post-Truth Age: A Roadmap to a Whole-Of-Society Approach
From the Thesis Abstract: "False narratives increasingly threaten U.S. democratic society and evolving adversaries and technology are making it more difficult for authorities and the public to differentiate between fact, opinion, and falsehoods. Despite experts proposing a variety of recommendations to mitigate this threat, the United States does not have a national-level strategy in place to combat deceptive messaging in a comprehensive and coordinated manner. The author analyzed over 170 recommendations for a U.S. strategy and found that many of them hinge on broad coordination between all U.S. stakeholders, which includes, but is not limited to, all levels of government, private sector, academia, media, and civil society. To identify how the United States can achieve the coordination needed to combat deceptive messaging, the author conducted a case study of the role of coordination in the European Union (EU) response to disinformation and an assessment of collective impact, a cross-sector coordination method used for complex social problems, for use in the United States. The conclusions of the case study and assessment endorse U.S. government practitioners to use collective impact and components of existing practices in the EU response to disinformation to build a coordinated national strategy to challenge those who wish to harm American democracy and U.S. interests via cyber-based deceptive messaging."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Mason, Katelyn M.
2020-09
-
Disasters, Finances, Nutrients, and Climate Change: A Case for Waterless Sanitation Systems
From the Thesis Abstract: "The practice of sewering (transporting with underground pipes) human excreta began in the mid-1800s and propelled the United States into the current wastewater paradigm. Water is the key element of wastewater conveyance, treatment, and disposal/reuse systems. Although this process has arguably improved quality of life, extending it to manage human excreta with water is becoming problematic due to water's increasing scarcity, mounting costs, contribution to greenhouse gas emissions, and deleterious environmental effects. This thesis sought to answer the following central research question: To what extent would an alternative means of managing human excreta benefit homeland security? Through appreciative inquiry and structured interviews with human subjects, research revealed that a method known as container-based sanitation has applications in multiple contexts. Container-based sanitation is rapidly deployable, scalable, and can be used in any situation in which traditional wastewater systems are nonoperable or nonexistent, such as disaster recovery, homelessness, and temporary encampments such as refugee camps or military bases."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Smith, Ryan A.
2020-09
-
Key to Lawful Access: An Analysis of the Alternatives Offered in the Encryption Debate
From the Thesis Abstract: "This thesis examines the lawful access challenge that law enforcement and intelligence agencies face when seeking to obtain communications and mobile electronic devices that cannot be penetrated and that include strong encryption protocols. This encrypted data is inaccessible despite government agencies holding court-approved search warrants and wiretap orders authorizing access. Technology companies, cryptographers, and privacy advocates have argued for years that allowing such lawful access for government agencies will leave Americans' personal information vulnerable to cyber criminals and nation-state adversaries. These groups have offered alternatives to lawful access, which they argue can stand in lieu of the lawful access government agencies argue should be mandated. This thesis uses a policy options analysis to evaluate the viability of these alternatives to mandated lawful access. This thesis explores law enforcement and intelligence agencies' need for access to encrypted data through a review of incidents in which access proved fruitful and incidents in which lack of access was detrimental to public safety, homeland and national security, criminal investigations, etc. This thesis finds that the alternatives offered in place of lawful access are not adequate in ensuring government agencies are able to fulfill their law enforcement and intelligence missions."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Mack, William R.
2020-09
-
Trolls or Threats? Challenges of Alt-Right Extremism to Local Law Enforcement
From the Thesis Abstract: "The alt-right subculture is a relatively new component of online right-wing extremism. Because it is dissimilar from older white nationalist movements and has a perplexing style of communication, the media and public discourse incoherently and inconsistently frame the movement. Due to a lack of consistent background information on the movement, local law enforcement executives have found themselves underprepared for alt-right gatherings in their jurisdictions. This thesis provides agencies with guidance on the alt-right, including a discussion of existing theories of recruitment, self-recruitment, and the acerbic culture. The thesis also provides a comparative case study of mass casualty incidents perpetrated by individuals who openly espoused ideologies linked to the alt-right and movements with significant overlap, such as the manosphere. Finally, based on the theoretical and case study comparative analyses, this thesis concludes that although the movement's popularity is declining, the alt-right remains a threat to homeland security and the ideologies behind it are likely to subsist under another name."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Bobin, Jonathan M.
2020-09
-
Perfect Storm: Climate-Induced Migration to the United States
From the Thesis Abstract: "From the Mariel boatlift in the 1980s to the recent mass migration of familial units from the Northern Triangle in 2019, the United States has consistently been unprepared to handle mass migration events. With the world approximately 1.0°C warmer than pre-industrial levels, climatic-driven migration events will now challenge the U.S. borders. This thesis explores how the United States might prepare to handle cross-border climate change-induced migration from a homeland security perspective. Using the research methodology of scenario planning, this study assesses the many ways the future might unfold by focusing on intersecting global megatrends and an array of global warming projections in the year 2050. As a result, this thesis finds that regardless of how the world chooses to combat global warming in the coming decades, migration will continue. If the United States is to prepare for such a future, regional agreements and national legislation will be necessary. In turn, if leveraged correctly, climate migrants can help the United States compete with future emerging economies. This thesis ultimately concludes that a proactive approach to cross-border climate change-induced migration might not only benefit climate migrants but also the future resiliency of United States well into the mid-century."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Wright, Katelin M.
2020-09
-
Modeling for Success: Strengthening Homeland Security Through Vocational-Based Offender Programming
From the Thesis Abstract: "Incarceration rates in the United States are among some of the highest in the world, and offenders' returning to confinement is an issue that needs reform. Correctional agencies need to identify programs to prepare offenders for a better chance at a successful reintegration into society. While many methods attempt to reduce recidivism, research shows that unemployed offenders are overwhelmingly more likely to return to prison than offenders who obtain stable, living-wage jobs with advancement opportunities. This thesis investigated vocational-based programs for offenders to identify best practices and potential gaps, as well as program components that support offender success through job skill training. The research methodology consisted of a literature review, qualitative analysis, and a local case study of the Michigan Department of Corrections' Vocational Village program. Because the research uncovered very little information and data for vocational-based training for offenders, this thesis attempted to fill that gap by constructing a conceptual model for vocational program development that starts with a mission statement and ends with continuous program improvement. Using the information contained within this thesis, agencies might construct a tailored model or framework for instituting a vocational-based program."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Travelbee, Brently C.
2020-09
-
Lone Actor Terrorists: The Performance of Hegemonic Masculinity Through Acts of Violence
From the Thesis Abstract: "As the United States faces the threat of lone actor terrorism, researchers have struggled to reach a consensus on how to profile these actors and fully understand causation and motivation. The media frequently report attackers' histories of gender-based violence; however, there is a lack of gendered analysis of lone actor terrorism. This thesis explores the role of gender-based violence and hegemonic masculinity in the radicalization and attacks carried out in the United States by post-9/11 lone actor terrorists. It finds that a majority of the attackers experienced stressors related to the performance of hegemonic masculinity, a culturally constructed set of norms that values dominance and accomplishment in terms of wealth, heterosexual romantic partners, and control. This thesis explores these stressors as identity threats in the context of social identity theory. In the absence of group dynamics, it connects referent informational influence to social identity theory concepts and radicalization models for lone actor terrorists. This thesis presents a thematic diagram that coalesces social identity theory with lone actor terrorism, radicalization, and studies of hegemonic masculinity. Furthermore, this thesis finds that collecting data on gender-based violence will be critical to understanding lone actor terrorism and violence prevention strategies."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Windisch, Beth
2020-09
-
Prepare to Fight: Is the National Active-Shooter Response Model Due for an Upgrade?
From the Thesis Abstract: "Documenting and analyzing the lessons learned from emergencies are essential to improve the training designed to save lives. The goal of this thesis was to examine actual active-shooter events, training models for the response to active shooters, and emergency drills to determine whether the current training model of Run, Hide, Fight is sufficient or needs revision. This study of historical emergency training examined human responses to frightening situations, analyzed past active-shooter events, evaluated the tactics and strategies of shooters, and measured the effectiveness of the current training. The study found that active-shooter training may be more effective if instructions highlight the importance of constant situational assessment with an emphasis on the fluidity of the incident. Response decisions should change as the event evolves and dictates an appropriate response. Moreover, the evolution of decisions made during the event may increase the survivability rate. The Run, Hide, Fight model is effective, but increasing the importance of constant situational awareness and adaptive decision-making within the training program is recommended. The delivery of active-shooter training should focus less on linear progression--first run, next hide, and then fight--and more on what the situation dictates to be the best response."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Tannenbaum, Suzanne E.
2020-09
-
Video Gaming and Behavioral Disorders Associated with Mass Shootings
From the Thesis Abstract: "The recent aftermath of mass shootings in the United States has caused some experts, as well as President Donald Trump, to speculate that a link may exist between violent acts and video gaming. Mass shootings have become a severe problem in America. The National Institute of Justice research has shown that 20 percent of all public mass shootings in the U.S. have occurred between 2014 and 2019. This thesis examines the effects of video gaming on mental health and the link between violent video games and mass shootings, and offers skeptical views by other experts who argue no link exists between mass shootings and video games. Factors associated with violence involving video games and the gamers' behavior may explain what inspires the mass shooters. Although not all video gamers become violent, this thesis contends it is likely individuals with underlying conditions may be vulnerable to committing violent acts by developing internet gaming disorder (IGD)."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Ye, Daniel Y.
2020-09
-
Effective Funding Strategy for Washington State Emergency Management Programs
From the Thesis Abstract: "The emergency management program in Washington State is vulnerable because it has no sustainable and stable funding source. This thesis identifies potential state and local funding and allocation methods that can possibly stabilize and sustain Washington State's emergency management programs. Three case studies are conducted in which the funding source, allocation method, and policy strategy are analyzed for each case. Various funding methods can be applied to emergency management programs in the state of Washington. Allocation methods have the potential to exacerbate disparities in communities with low income, high unemployment, or restricted access to services. Policy strategy analysis identifies themes for a successful implementation. A recommendation is for Washington State to establish an Emergency Management Partnership. The partnership can identify critical emergency management services, examine funding needs, and provide a recommendation for implementing critical emergency management services across the state of Washington."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Gillespie, Amy
2020-09
-
Statewide Access Programs: A Key Component to Eliminating the Post-Disaster Access Challenge
From the Thesis Abstract; "Although the United States has a well-defined incident management doctrine, it fails to fully integrate private sector response capabilities into national and local incident management efforts. The lessons learned from the 2017 Hurricane and Wildfire Season underscored the need to improve coordination with the private sector to better assist communities in responding to and recovering from emergencies. This thesis examines how the implementation of statewide access programs can better integrate private sector response capabilities into state and local disaster management efforts. Furthermore, it explores the purpose of an access program, the importance of access management during emergencies, and common post-disaster access-related challenges. Comparative analysis was used to examine U.S. incident management policies and practices regarding the concept of access management and the benefits associated with using access programs. Although use of an access program offers many benefits, key findings attribute the lack of widespread adoption to multiple factors, ranging from inconsistent policy guidance to inadequate prioritization of private sector access needs during emergencies. Recommendations include enacting state statutes, expanding the business emergency operations center network, developing interoperable access programs, and using federal grant programs to help government at all levels to more effectively integrate the private sector into incident management efforts."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Renteria, George
2020-09
-
Beyond the First 48: Incorporating Nontraditional Stakeholders into Incident Response
From the Thesis Abstract: "During a catastrophic attack or cyber-attack on critical infrastructure, how can local emergency management agencies integrate nontraditional stakeholders successfully into incident response operations? A wide variety of stakeholders who are not traditionally involved in incident response will likely be critical at this time--such as human services, the transportation sector, and private-sector entities. This thesis first explores an academic discussion of the current incident response framework, comprising the National Incident Management System (NIMS) and the Incident Command System (ICS). The thesis then uses a scenario based around a large-scale water outage to illustrate the potential cascading impacts and gaps of the status quo framework. The research shows that NIMS and ICS do not effectively incorporate nontraditional stakeholders into incident response operations at the local government level, and that this framework should be reserved for traditional first responders working to stabilize life safety at an incident scene. This study highlights capabilities that local governments should focus on to ensure their organizational readiness to respond to a critical infrastructure outage that may have catastrophic impacts." A 9 minute and 26 second interview on this thesis is also available at the following link: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=866900].
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
McLoughlin, Emily J.
2020-09
-
Fueling the Fire: An Examination of Right-Wing Extremism in the United States Over the Last Decade
From the Thesis Abstract: "In the past decade, American society has witnessed increased violence from a threat it has suffered in the past: right-wing extremism. The question that arises then is why, or more precisely, why now? This thesis explores the factors that led to the resurgence of right-wing extremism in the United States over the past decade. It argues that the resurgence of right-wing violence in America after 2008 is due to a dynamic interplay of contextual factors, including the existence of a subculture of xenophobia and the near-unfettered access to firearms, along with concrete grievances, such as economic anxiety and resentment toward the government. These contextual factors enabled an environment where extremist violence was more likely to occur, and the concrete grievances provided the motivation. The third set of factors that fueled the 2008 right-wing resurgence were the occurrence of several catalytic events including the election of the first African-American president and the shift in societal behavior afforded by social media. These events provided salience to the context and grievances, thereby intensifying the violent reactions by right-wing extremists."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Vitali, Joshua D.
2020-06-12
-
Examination of Academic Education for Homeland Security
From the Thesis Abstract: "Over the last 19 years, there has been a concerted, multifaceted effort to develop an academic field of Homeland Security. This thesis examined the state of homeland security education to understand the size and characteristics of the field, important to shape future development. Current estimates have significant methodological limitations. There were two questions. First, what are the characteristics and foci of the literature on homeland security education? Second, what are the characteristics of homeland security graduate-degree programs? The first question was answered with a systematic review of 71 articles. The articles were published in homeland security journals, were largely narrative pieces rather than empirical, and mostly focused on homeland security discipline, curriculum or programs. The second question was answered with a review of 110 graduate-level academic programs. There are 58 full degree programs in homeland security-related fields, but only 18 that are exclusively homeland security. Most programs are delivered fully online and require a capstone rather than a thesis. From these analyses are three recommendations. First, the field needs to use stronger empirical research methods. Second, since most programs are delivered online, the field should emphasize educational techniques and outcomes effective in this format. Finally, there needs to be some discussion to clarify the relationship between homeland security and emergency management."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Simons-Rudolph, Joseph M.
2020-06
-
International Governance of Non-State Actors in Cyberspace: Is a Single Entity Sufficient for Dispute Resolution?
From the Thesis Abstract: "Cyberattacks by non-state actors have evolved with the speed of technology, leaving governments largely powerless to address emerging threats, partly due to the lack of legal options to dissuade or deter malicious non-state actors. To adequately address the threat, the international community must form legally binding mechanisms to pursue non-state actors similar to the way the world rethought terrorism after 9/11. This thesis rejects a proposed dispute-mitigation recommendation now under consideration by international negotiators--the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence, leveraging the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime as its framework--and explores an alternative approach for the international governance of the cyber domain, with due mechanisms established to address the ongoing threat of malicious non-state actors. Numerous stakeholders influence cyber strategies in the U.S. and internationally; therefore, a one-system entity is an ineffective regulatory mechanism. Rather, it should be multi-pronged, multilateral, and comprise a unified approach that includes the UN, NATO, INTERPOL, as well as sanctioned unilateral state processes to achieve optimal outcomes. The Paris Climate Agreement should be referenced as a model for success in garnering support for this governance initiative, utilizing the UN to define the space and develop a clear, well-defined framework leveraging the Budapest Convention and the Tallinn Manual 2.0 encapsulated in an amendable treaty."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Francis, Jaclyn L.
2020-06
-
Overcoming Implementation Barriers Within the Fire Service to Reduce Firefighter Cancer Rates
From the Thesis Abstract: "Occupational cancer has become the leading cause of line-of-duty deaths within the United States fire service. This epidemic claims the lives of hundreds of firefighters each year, even though the fire service has developed best practices to prevent occupational cancers. This thesis identifies seven barriers that are preventing fire departments from implementing best practices: fire department culture, firefighters' ignorance of the disease and prevention methods, complacency caused by cancer's long latency periods, funding, pathways to compliance with national and departmental policies, groupthink, and motivation. To explain how fire departments can overcome these barriers, this thesis examines the health and safety efforts that two departments have taken and reviews literature from other fire departments, national fire service organizations, subject-matter experts, researchers, and academic studies. This research shows that when fire departments provide their members with the proper tools, training, education, and awareness, they can rise to the occasion and implement best practices to prevent occupation-related cancer."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Haseney, John J.
2020-06
-
Increasing Local Public Health Emergency Preparedness Capacity by Building from Within the Current Infrastructure
From the Thesis Abstract: "State and local public health departments are losing the ability to respond to and protect the community from public health threats. Increase to public health funding follows after an identified threat because current capacity cannot absorb a new mission. Given the decrease in federal funding and subsequent loss of response capacity, how can local public health reconfigure its organizational structure or find alternate sources of funding to maintain or increase current response capacity? This thesis traces the growth of public health from a single program to today's U.S. Department of Health and Human Services supporting state and local health departments through federal grant funds. Using case studies and comparing federal grant awards to the structures of state and local departments, this thesis reveals how reliance on federal funding affects the organization of public health. The research demonstrates the direct correlation between the current structure and a century of funding one program per threat. Reliance on federal grants imperils the United States public health system because state and local departments must reorganize in order to sustain ongoing public health missions. The conclusion includes four recommendations that may improve the overall public health network by modifying funding to a more inclusive process, changing the type of federal grants, restructuring to support larger domains, and increasing state and local budgets to support response capacity."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Castle, Marcus A.
2020-06
-
Social Network Analysis: Enhancing Threat Assessments for Targeted Violence
From the Thesis Abstract: "This research applies social network analysis and social identity theory to threat assessment investigations of subjects who commit acts of targeted violence. It provides a framework for understanding the expanding threat of targeted violence and its impact on U.S. homeland security. Statistics on targeted violence in the United States show that incidents are increasing in both frequency and lethality. Traditional studies of targeted violence have focused heavily on the mental state of the 'lone' perpetrator without fully examining the role of social influences. This research incorporates case studies intended to offer insight, increase understanding, and suggest new methods of enhancing the current field of threat assessment for targeted violence cases. The findings of this research recommend new strategies for conducting targeted violence threat assessment investigations utilizing the application of social network analysis and social identity theory. Through an examination of previous targeted violent actors, this research establishes that understanding relevant social conditions can contribute significant clues about an individual's risk of entering a pathway to violence. These clues can be mapped and followed over a period of time to reveal a social withdrawal and loss of restraining relationships."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Vogt, Darren J.
2020-06
-
Alt-Right Influence on the Radicalization of White Nationalists in the United States, According to Significance Quest Theory
From the Thesis Abstract: "Reaching national notoriety in the 2016 election season, the Alt-Right embodied the most recent resurgence of white nationalism in the United States. Though it lost momentum with the 2017 'Unite the Right' rally, the Alt-Right's persistence in reaching broad audiences continued online with the adoption of uncensored media platforms like 8chan. The juxtaposition between white-nationalist violence conducted before and after the Alt-Right's national appearance highlights the Alt-Right's ability to attract relatively affluent young white Americans by leveraging fringe media sites to galvanize old white-nationalist ideologies given changing political environments. Where Dylann Roof, a high school dropout, had access only to passive white-nationalist websites that spouted hateful ideologies, John Earnest and Patrick Crusius, both college students, actively participated in uncensored social media platforms on which users motivated each other to commit violence through heated hateful rhetoric and the celebration of attacks on non-whites. In line with Significance Quest Theory--which emphasizes the role of motivation, terrorism-justifying ideologies, and social networks in the radicalization process--the Alt-Right successfully spun violence-justifying white-nationalist ideologies within online social networks to reach disenchanted young white Americans, including those whose futures seemed promising, which culminated in a string of violent attacks in the summer of 2019."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Cullings, Forrest
2020-06
-
America Wildland-Urban Interface Burning: A Modern Application of a Historic Success
"In 2018, the Camp fire, a conflagration in the wildland-urban interface (WUI), destroyed Paradise, California, killing nearly 90 residents. Reports of the disaster focused on risk reduction in the structural or wildland environments; a comprehensive, collaborative look at the WUI, where the built environment and wildland or 'outdoors' meet, has yet to be produced. In the 1970s, statistics on the number of fires and on persons killed or injured in fires, showed alarming growth, and in 1973 a report (America Burning) was ordered by Congress to present ways of reversing these trends. Subsequent core documents guided federal response and preparedness in general, but fires in the WUI zone were little discussed. This research makes policy recommendations for the WUI as a domain characterized by unique circumstances that require tailored plans. Data is analyzed through a strategic framework developed by the military to assess operational environments. The commissioning of an updated national report that reflects contemporary developments in firefighting, community awareness, and technologies is urged, and specific policies are recommended for implementation."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Litzenberg, Erik J.
2020-03
-
Law Enforcement's Role in Preventing Epidemics: Enforcing Communicable Disease Quarantine Policies
"The Philadelphia Police Department currently has no policy providing guidance to its police officers on how to safely and humanely enact the quarantine enforcement component of the Isolation and Quarantine Plan developed by the Philadelphia Department of Public Health. Thus, this thesis addresses the question: How can a humane quarantine policy be enforced by the Philadelphia Police Department to stop the spread of communicable infectious diseases? To answer the question, a Likert Scale was employed to rank the efficacy of quarantine enforcement: effectiveness, community support, cost, and implementation ease. The research indicates forced quarantine cannot be implemented successfully without evidence-based practices to support it. The use of self-quarantine benefits from providing essential services to quarantined citizens and the powers of arrest should only be used after reasonable enforcement means have been attempted. Hybrid quarantine plans tailored to the disease and enacted with sound medical advice are best suited to stop disease spread. U.S. law enforcement agencies would benefit from developing a quarantine enforcement plan and updating existing public health quarantine plans to include additional guidance for officers along these lines. A collaborative plan must be established among all stakeholders to deliver essential goods and information."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Lowenthal, Donald I., Jr.
2020-03
-
Insult to Injury: Disaster Displacement, Migrant Threat Perception, and Conflict in Host Communities
"Environmental disasters are complex problems not only for the communities directly hit but also for areas that receive the people forced out of their homes. In developing nations, this situation is called internal displacement and is recognized internationally as a protection and security problem similar to refugee flows. Wealthier countries like the United States, however, have not yet acknowledged similar concerns domestically. This thesis explores the right to freedom of movement, the potential for conflict and weakened social cohesion in post-disaster settings, and the ways American communities can identify these challenges and avoid perceiving fellow citizens as threats to stability. Through the examination of three historical case studies--Dust Bowl migrants, Hurricane Katrina evacuees, and victims of recent wildfires in California--this research explores sociological processes leading to outgroup definition, resource competition, and attempts to scapegoat displaced people. The synthesis of these experiences concludes with a new disaster-displacement model identifying factors and circumstances that amplify or mitigate threat perception by host communities and the vulnerability of migrant citizens. A central concern appears to be how newcomers exacerbate existing local problems and fit into familiar narrative frames; one forward-looking tool is the development of a U.S. policy on internally displaced persons."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Locke, Michael S.
2020-03
-
Out, Out--the Role of Messaging in Countering Domestic Violent Extremism
"Countering the radical Islamist narrative remains a high-profile priority of the United States in its ongoing efforts to counter domestic violent extremism. Since mid-2014, government officials have condemned the United States as unable to muster a satisfactory 'counter-narrative,' and emphasize the potentially devastating consequences of failure. Experts inside and outside the government describe the Islamic State as masters of the internet capable of reaching into the United States and turning its people into hate-filled, violently inspired terrorists at will. The idea that the United States must aggressively work to counter these messages domestically remains a given; but should it? The focus of this thesis is to examine current U.S. efforts in counter-messaging to determine why the United States believes it is failing, and what, if any, evidence supports the idea that a counter-narrative or counter-messaging should be part of domestic countering violent extremism (CVE) programs. Review of official documents found little basis to assess U.S. programs, as no meaningful published strategy, objectives, or performance data exist for current efforts. Moreover, the foundational assumptions underlying current programs suggest malalignment between what U.S. officials desire a counter-messaging effort to accomplish and what is realistically achievable. Based on these findings, it is recommended that domestic CVE programs eliminate counter-messaging from their portfolio."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Roberts, Kathryn M.
2020-03
-
Precision Policing: A Way Forward to Reduce Crime
"For years, law enforcement practitioners and policymakers have sought innovative ways to reduce crime. But experience has shown that reducing crime without retaining the community's trust--such as through heavy-handed policing--can be venomous for society. In New York City, the precision policing model combines predictive policing analysis with increased neighborhood coordination to predict crime and then uses interventions from neighborhood coordination officers to prevent crimes altogether. This thesis examines the precision policing model implemented by the NYPD and finds that it has reduced crime and increased community trust in the police, even with diminished police resources. This thesis recommends that other law enforcement agencies use the precision policing formula of predictive and community policing as an effective crime reduction tool while building relationships with the community."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Ashraf, Muhammad J.
2020-03
-
Strategic Mutual Aid Response to Terrorism: A New Approach
"This research examines military doctrine and warfare maneuver strategy to determine its efficacy for improving law enforcement command and control efforts for mutual aid during paramilitary terrorist attacks. A qualitative analysis of case studies was conducted on terrorist attacks in Boston, Paris, and San Bernardino to uncover commonalities with the law enforcement response challenges. The identified law enforcement challenges were then compared with aspects of warfare maneuver strategy and military doctrine that were shown to demonstrate utility for improving law enforcement response efforts. The results indicate that warfare maneuver strategy and military doctrine can be used to improve law enforcement command and control efforts for mutual aid during paramilitary terrorist attacks. Recommendations include implementing a reciprocal model of command and control, establishing a strategy for providing mutual aid resources during paramilitary terrorist attacks, and providing training that reinforces key principles of military doctrine without creating a police force that mirrors the military. To summarize, this is a SMART approach, a Strategic Mutual Aid Response to Terrorism."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Hart, Jeremiah J.
2020-03
-
Terrorism Prevention Through Community Policing
"Mass casualty, premeditated, and targeted violence incidents connected with extremism and hate are on the rise in the United States. The year 2019 saw more mass killings in the United States than ever recorded in one calendar year. Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) is the government-funded program that intended to mitigate these threats, but diverse community groups labeled CVE a discriminatory spying campaign, focused exclusively on Muslim community members. This thesis explores whether CVE might benefit from the integration of community policing strategies and, if so, what strategies from community policing would make future CVE programs more successful. Using an appreciative inquiry approach, this thesis evaluates CVE pilot programs, including current community policing models in Los Angeles and New York City. Recommendations include abandoning the phrase 'countering violent extremism'; creating an all-inclusive, whole-community approach; empowering all front-line police officers to be problem solvers; cultivating citizen involvement in the design and structure of violence prevention programs; educating police officers on hate crimes, violent extremism, and the radicalization process; separating all community-focused violence programming from intelligence collection and criminal investigation teams; and gaining endorsements of such programs from executive-level law enforcement managers."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Wyckoff, Robert
2020-03
-
Pills, Powders, and Overdose: An Analysis of America's Illicit Fentanyl Crisis
"Illicit fentanyl and its analogs are the most substantial synthetic opioid threat that North America faces, and there is no indication that the threat will decrease in the near future. Illicit fentanyl is a synthetic opioid that is, at a minimum, 50 to 100 times stronger than morphine and responsible for the exponential increase in overdoses and overdose deaths in recent years. Illicit fentanyl and its analogs are being mixed with drugs such as cocaine and heroin and have been found disguised in counterfeit prescription pills. Data suggest that many drug users are unaware of the illicit fentanyl in the drugs they consume. The illicit fentanyl threat affects communities nationwide by depleting public health, public safety, and financial resources. This thesis seeks to present the illicit fentanyl crisis by providing its history and describing the manufacturing, trafficking, and distribution of illicit fentanyl and the effects it has on communities and community resources. Illicit fentanyl and its analogs have become an epidemic in North America that continues to spread like an infection. Policy must be implemented and success measured to prevent the infection from becoming a terminal illness."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Heiser, Timothy C.
2020-03
-
Your Bridges Are Failing, Which One Should You Fix First? An Objective Yet Simple Method to Rate Bridges
"There is no simple and objective method for rating the criticality of bridges that conveys multi-sector components. This thesis addresses this problem using a multi-sector approach that accounts for sector-specific disruptions that can arise from damage to a single bridge. Methods for rating bridges are drawn from the existing academic, industrial, and international communities' efforts to quantify criticality. Using this sector-specific information, a novel solution is proposed for rating the criticality of a bridge, or other structure, that conveys co-linear links or nodes associated with multiple infrastructure networks."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Carroll, Christopher
2020-03
-
Last Responders: Approaching the Disaster After the Disaster Through Community-Led Long-Term Recovery Coalitions
"Recovery is the disaster after the disaster, particularly for long-term recovery (LTR). Classic emergency management (EM) approaches may fail to address LTR because of its 'wicked problems,' which evade traditional top-down systems. For wicked problems, scholars recommend mobilization of varied stakeholder networks. One such network exists in LTR through community-led coalitions, an organizing phenomenon coordinating nonprofits, congregations, associations, and other services to streamline diverse, critical services. The model brings together emergent groups, governmental EM, and nongovernmental EM sectors. This study examines how community-led LTR coalitions interpret and tackle LTR's wicked problems through an in-depth qualitative analysis of long-term recovery groups after Hurricane Sandy in New York City. The research methodology includes interviews with coalition coordinators and assessments of materials relating to these coalitions. The study demonstrates the strengths and weaknesses in coalition approaches to five wicked problems derived from LTR scholarship. It offers recommendations to LTR practitioners across sectors and explores the significance of these coalitions for EM and democratic participation in recovery. This thesis applies scholarly rigor to approaches taken by coalitions in NYC to make sense of LTR's wicked problems and collectively tackle them. It is written by and for leaders who serve survivors through the long haul of recovery--the 'last responders.'"
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Tornello, Alana
2020-03
