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Responding to Pandemic Influenza: A Hazard-Specific Appendix to the Monroe County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan
"In March of 2006, the New York State Department of Health distributed Pandemic planning guidance to county health departments as a resource to assist the Monroe County Public Health Department in preparing for a Pandemic. While this plan is beneficial, it is focused on Department operations including surveillance and laboratory testing, healthcare planning, infection control, clinical guidelines, and vaccine procurement, distribution and use. This Appendix, Responding to Pandemic Influenza, establishes County policy to address mitigation, readiness, response and recovery associated with the threat of Pandemic Influenza. It recognizes the impact on public health systems, public safety, the coordination of resources among multiple local governments and state and federal agencies, and the community-wide impact associated with widespread outbreaks of influenza."
Monroe County (N.Y.)
2009-04-27
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Seattle Public Schools Emergency Management Plan: Biological Incident Annex: Pandemic Influenza Management Plan
"The Seattle Public Schools Emergency Management Plan (SPSEMP) consists of several components including the Base Plan, Appendixes, Emergency Support Functions, Support Annexes and Incident Annexes. The Pandemic Influenza Management Plan is one of several Incident Annexes and therefore serves to augment the Base Plan and other components. In order to ensure efficient and effective emergency management, the SPSEMP document must be implemented in its entirety."
Seattle Public Schools
2006-04
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Correctional Facilities Pandemic Influenza Planning Checklist
"Planning for pandemic influenza is critical for ensuring a sustainable health care delivery system within correctional facility settings. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has developed the following checklist to help prison and jail systems to self-assess and improve their preparedness for responding to pandemic influenza. Given the differences among systems, individual facilities should adapt this checklist to meet their unique needs. This checklist should be used as one tool in developing an overall pandemic influenza plan for correctional systems as well as individual facilities. Responsible officials should incorporate information from State, regional and local health departments and emergency management agencies/authorities into the system and individual facility pandemic influenza plan. An additional benefit of this planning is that it can be used for other types of disaster preparedness."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2007-09-04
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Pandemic Influenza Planning Guidance for Medical Reserve Corps Units
"Planning for pandemic influenza is critical for Medical Reserve Corps (MRC) units. The following guidance identifies important, specific activities MRC units can do now to prepare for such an event. Many activities are specific to pandemic influenza, but a number also pertain to any public health or other emergency. This guidance is adapted from the State and Local Pandemic Influenza Planning Checklist developed by HHS [Department of Health and Human Services] and found on the federal government's pandemic influenza website (www.pandemicflu.gov). It also includes relevant elements from the Business Pandemic Influenza Planning Checklist and Faith-Based & Community Organizations Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Checklist, also from HHS and available at the aforementioned website. This guidance is not intended to set forth mandatory requirements for MRC units. Rather, each MRC unit should determine for itself whether it is adequately prepared for disease outbreaks in accordance with the laws, plans and procedures of its local jurisdiction and state."
Northwest Tribal Emergency Management Council
2006-04
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Law Enforcement Pandemic Influenza Planning Checklist
"In the event of pandemic influenza, law enforcement agencies (e.g., State, local, and tribal Police Departments, Sheriff's Offices, Federal law enforcement officers, special jurisdiction police personnel) will play a critical role in maintaining the rule of law as well as protecting the health and safety of citizens in their respective jurisdictions. Planning for pandemic influenza is critical. [...] The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has developed the following checklist for law enforcement agencies. This checklist provides a general framework for developing a pandemic influenza plan. Each agency or organization will need to adapt this checklist according to its unique needs and circumstances. The key planning activities in this checklist are meant to complement and enhance your existing all-hazards emergency and operational continuity plans. Many of the activities identified in this checklist will also help you to prepare for other kinds of public health emergencies."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2007-09-02
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Preparedness Planning for State Health Officials: Nature's Terrorist Attack: Pandemic Influenza
"Almost a century after the Spanish flu, the United States remains unprepared for pandemic influenza, an event which could affect an extraordinary number of people and last more than a year. It remains a challenge to convey the potential severity of a pandemic to key law and policymakers, as well as individuals in the medical and public health communities...The following checklist provides state health officials with a preliminary means of assessing their jurisdictions' readiness to respond to a pandemic. The checklist is not exhaustive, but identifies major issues that each state will need to address during a pandemic. The list also differentiates between issues that are specific to pandemic influenza and those that have broader utility for public health emergency preparedness. The overlap demonstrates why state health officials have an unprecedented opportunity, using their bioterrorism assessments and plans as scaffolding, to help create strategies that will improve their states' response to future pandemics. The full report offers a more comprehensive description of the challenges involved in pandemic planning and response."
Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (U.S.)
2002-11
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Pandemic Influenza Planning: A Guide for Individuals and Families
"This guide is designed to help [individuals] understand the threat of a pandemic influenza outbreak […] It describes commonsense actions […] in preparing for a pandemic." The guide provides information on pandemic influenza, on planning for the disruption of essential services in the event of an outbreak, on being prepared for the disruption of food and water supplies, and on the disruption of medical care. The guide also provides information on vaccinations and antivirals as well as preparedness checklists and forms and resources for further information.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2006-05
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Utah Pandemic Influenza Response Plan
"The goals of this plan are, first, to minimize serious illness and death, and second, to limit societal disruption and economic losses. The plan is intended to coordinate with global and national plans developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). This plan outlines activities and responsibilities for government public health agencies and builds upon preparedness assets developed at federal, state, and local levels of government and in the private sector. Nevertheless, a serious influenza pandemic would pose substantial challenges to existing capabilities. The next phase of planning should involve wider community efforts to address those challenges. We have identified six critical policy questions that should guide those efforts."
Utah. Department of Health
Sundwall, David N.; Rolfs, Robert T.
2005-11-02
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Guidance: Contingency Planning for a Possible Influenza Pandemic, Version 2, 10 July 2006
"The Government judges that one of the highest current risks to the UK is the possible emergence of an influenza pandemic - that is, the rapid worldwide spread of influenza caused by a novel virus to which people would have no immunity, resulting in more serious illness than that caused by seasonal influenza. This Guidance provides information and advice for Category 1 and 2 responders under the Act, and planners more broadly, engaged in contingency planning against the risk of an influenza pandemic."
Great Britain. Cabinet Office
2006-06-10
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Pandemic Influenza Plan: Cochise County Health Department
"Influenza viruses have the ability to cause sudden, widespread illness in all age groups on a global scale. Because influenza is highly transmissible, is prone to rapid genetic changes, and is harbored in animal reservoirs, it poses an unpredictable pandemic threat. A pandemic occurs when an influenza A virus undergoes a shift in one or both of it's surface proteins to create a new or 'novel' virus to which the general population has no immunity. The initial appearance of a novel virus that is easily spread in humans is the first step toward a pandemic. The current trivalent vaccine would have no effect on the new strain of influenza and a specific monovalent vaccine could take several months to be prepared. Therefore public health departments need to develop a strategy to prepare for and reduce the effects of an influenza pandemic on a local level. This plan defines the various stages of a flu pandemic and outlines a tier of responses that can be used to mitigate the outbreak."
Cochise County (Az.) Health Department
Lueck, E.
2005-09
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Delaware Pandemic Influenza Plan
"The Delaware Pandemic Influenza Plan '[1.1] Provides a guideline for the State of Delaware to prepare and respond to a pandemic outbreak. [1.2] Outlines preparedness actions during the inter-pandemic period to strengthen capabilities for an effective response to a pandemic influenza outbreak and to minimize the risk of transmissions to humans by situation monitoring and assessment, prevention and containment, health system response, communication, and planning and coordination. [1.3] Outlines response actions during a pandemic alert and/or pandemic period to ensure rapid characterization of the new virus subtype, maximize efforts to contain and delay the spread to possibly avert a pandemic, and to minimize the impact of the pandemic by situation monitoring and assessment, prevention and containment, health system response, communication, and planning and coordination. [1.4] Defines the roles and responsibilities for the Division of Public Health (DPH), other primary state agencies, and outside partners during the different phases and periods of inter-pandemic, pandemic alert, and pandemic influenza. [1.5] Outlines the command and control and management structure during the different phases and periods of inter-pandemic, pandemic alert, and pandemic influenza."
Delaware. Department of Health and Social Services
Hill, Cindy
2005-09-06
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Pandemic Influenza and Other Highly Infectious Respiratory Transmitted Disease Response Plan
"An influenza pandemic has a very significant potential to cause rapid increases in death and illness among all age groups and even among the healthy population. Planning and preparedness before the next pandemic strikes is critical for an effective response. This Pandemic Influenza and Other Highly Infectious Respiratory Transmitted Disease Response Plan describes a coordinated local strategy to prepare for and respond to an influenza pandemic that supplement the State and Federal Plans."
San Diego County (Calif.) Health and Human Services Agency
2005-10
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2007 Oklahoma Pandemic Influenza Management Plan
"The Oklahoma Pandemic Influenza Management Plan was first published in July 2005 and continues to be a dynamic and interactive document. Following the release of the National Pandemic Influenza Plan by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) in November 2005, the Oklahoma Pandemic Influenza Committee undertook the challenge of reviewing and augmenting the Oklahoma Pandemic Influenza Management Plan to address areas that needed to be enhanced. The 2006 Oklahoma Pandemic Influenza Management Plan was expanded from six to nine essential elements that are integral in the management of a potential influenza pandemic. [...] In the 2007 revision of the State's Pandemic Influenza Management Plan, the nine essential elements have been updated and another essential element, Workforce Psychosocial Support, has been added. The Oklahoma Pandemic Influenza Management Plan and its appendices were developed as guidance for a coordinated statewide, multi-sector response to pandemic influenza. Prevention and preparedness activities to facilitate the public health response and recovery components after a pandemic are also part of the plan guidance. The Oklahoma Pandemic Influenza Management Plan is public health-focused with the overall goal to minimize serious illness and deaths that may occur with a severe influenza pandemic. However, preparedness planning is also essential for businesses, schools and communities to address other impacts such as economic and social well-being. The Oklahoma State Department of Health (OSDH) in collaboration with numerous state, local and tribal partners continues efforts to promote planning and response activities and to enhance partnerships between state, regional, local and tribal partners."
Oklahoma. State Department of Health
2007-09
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State of Alaska: Division of Public Health: Pandemic Influenza Response Plan [2007]
"Unlike influenza epidemics, which occur seasonally and result in an average of 36,000 deaths in the U.S. each year, influenza pandemics (global epidemics) occur sporadically, and have the potential to result in hundreds of thousands of deaths nationally over the course of one year. During the 20th century there were three influenza pandemics, the most severe of which occurred in 1918-19 and caused over 500,000 deaths in the U.S. and more than 50 million deaths worldwide. Influenza pandemics occur when there is a major change in the structure of a strain of influenza virus such that most (or all) of the world's population is vulnerable to infection. These major changes emerge by at least two mechanisms: genetic recombination and adaptive mutation. Of the three influenza pandemics in the 20th century, two (1957 and 1968) occurred as a result of major changes in the genetic composition of the virus through the recombination of genetic elements from avian and human influenza strains, and one (1918) occurred as a result of adaptive mutations that allowed the virus to be efficiently transmitted first from birds to humans and then from person-to-person. At some point in the future, the world will be faced with another pandemic caused by a novel strain of influenza virus that spreads rapidly and causes extraordinarily high rates of illness and death-higher, in fact, than virtually any other natural health threat. Because novel influenza viruses have the potential to spread rapidly, high levels of absenteeism in the workforce can quickly jeopardize essential community services, including health care services throughout affected regions."
Alaska. Division of Public Health
2007-07
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Australian Health Management Plan for Pandemic Influenza: Important Information For All Australians [2006]
Taken from the Introduction: "Despite advances in medicine, science and technology, when a new disease emerges human beings will always be susceptible for a time until effective vaccines and treatments can be developed. From time to time, new forms of the influenza virus, against which many people have little or no immunity, emerge in animals and in humans. Such viruses have the potential to cause a pandemic. […] This Australian Health Management Plan for Pandemic Influenza outlines (from a health perspective) what the Commonwealth Government is doing--and what the health sector, key stakeholder groups, organisations, the community and individuals can do--to prepare for a pandemic. It builds on the original Australian Management Plan for Pandemic Influenza released in June 2005, drawing on the latest expert epidemiological advice and on extensive consultations with the health sector, key industry sectors and the community."
Australia. Department of Health and Ageing
2006
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Guam Memorial Hospital Authority Pandemic Flu Plan
"An influenza pandemic will create significant challenges for our hospital. The number of children and adults seeking care for febrile and respiratory illnesses will increase substantially; some disease will be severe requiring inpatient care; and many of those infected will have underlying risk factors for adverse outcome including death. Influenza also will occur among health care workers and their family members resulting in shortages of trained staff to care for others. Physical resources, such as hospital beds and respiratory therapy equipment may not be sufficient to meet demand. Shortages of antiviral medications and vaccine will limit the ability to implement these preventive interventions. And large numbers of influenza-infected patients and staff shortages will stress the ability to implement good infection control in the hospital, leading to nosocomial disease; further exacerbating the problem. Although these stresses on our hospital are inevitable in an influenza pandemic, coordination, planning and exercising preparedness plans can improve the effectiveness of a pandemic response and limit mortality and morbidity."
Guam Memorial Hospital Authority
2009-03
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Pandemic Flu UK Health Departments: UK Influenza Pandemic Contingency Plan, March 2005
This document updates the UK's 1997 Multiphase Contingency Plan for Pandemic Influenza. It sets the scene and outlines the UK's plan for responding to an influenza pandemic. LLIS Core Capability: Public Health; Community Preparedness
Great Britain. National Health Service
2005-03
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Kansas Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response Plan Version 2.0
"Influenza viruses are unique in their ability to cause sudden illness among humans in all age groups on a global scale. The importance of influenza viruses as biologic threats is due to a number of factors including the high degree of transmissibility, the presence of a vast reservoir of novel variants (primarily aquatic birds) and the unusual properties of the viral genome. The infamous 'Spanish flu' of 1918-19 was responsible for more than 20 million deaths worldwide, primarily among young adults. Mortality rates associated with recent pandemics of 1957 and 1968 were reduced in part by the use of antibiotic therapy for secondary bacterial infections and aggressive supportive care of infected patients. However, these later pandemics were associated with high rates of morbidity and social disruption. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates the economic loss associated with the next pandemic will be in the billions of dollars. Experts agree an influenza pandemic is inevitable. To prepare for the next pandemic, the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) Center for Public Health Preparedness (CPHP), in cooperation with local and state partners, has developed this Kansas Pandemic Influenza
Preparedness and Response Plan, which provides an overview of strategies to reduce pandemic influenza-related morbidity, mortality and social disruption in the state."
Kansas. Department of Health and Environment
2009-01
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Arizona Influenza Pandemic Response Plan Supplement 3: Health Care Coordination and Surge Capacity
This supplement provides a summary of different planning measures for hospital and non-hospital settings. This includes actions for the interpandemic and pandemic alert periods, and actions for the pandemic period.
Arizona. Department of Health Services
2006-06-07?
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Canadian Pandemic Influenza Plan for the Health Sector: Guidelines for the Management of Mass Fatalities During an Influenza Pandemic
"During a pandemic, local authorities will have to be prepared to manage additional deaths due to influenza, over and above the number of fatalities from all causes currently expected during the interpandemic period. Within any locality, the total number of fatalities (including those resulting from influenza and all other causes) occurring during a 6- to 8-week pandemic wave is estimated to be similar to that which typically occurs over 6 months in the interpandemic period. This guideline aims to assist local planners and funeral directors in preparing to cope with the surge in deaths due to an influenza pandemic. A number of issues have been identified, which should be reviewed with coroners/medical examiners, local authorities, funeral directors and religious groups/authorities."
Public Health Agency of Canada
2009-04
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City of Cleveland Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Pandemic Influenza Plan
This plan outlines steps to protect staff members, maintain service to the public, and support staff members who are ill or unable to work during an influenza pandemic.
Ohio. Department of Public Safety
2009-12-16?
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Pandemic Influenza Emergency Plan: University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill
This document details the University's emergency pandemic influenza plan, including a crisis communication plan and continuity of operations plans.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
2008-08
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News from NACCHO: Mass Fatality Planning for Pandemic Influenza: A Planning Model from a Seven-County Region in Kentucky
Within Kentucky, the responsibility for pandemic influenza preparedness and response lies heavily on public health. Angela Woosley, a regional public health preparedness coordinator in Kentucky, called upon the cooperation and expertise of coroners, the medical examiner, local funeral home directors, emergency management, hospitals, academia, the healthcare community and professional associations to develop a unique Natural Death Surge Plan for Catastrophic Public Health Emergencies' for western Kentucky. This plan would be activated if the mortuary capacity in Region 3 were overwhelmed by an influenza pandemic or other long-term catastrophic mass fatality event.
National Association of County & City Health Officials (U.S.)
Johnson, Victoria A.
2009-01-16?
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School Emergency Management Planning: Designating an Office to Manage Communication with Families during a Pandemic Influenza Outbreak
"Higher education institutions should consider designating a single department or office to manage communication with families during a pandemic influenza outbreak. University plans should also include provisions for establishing a call center during a pandemic influenza emergency." This document examines a case study in North Carolina.
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
2009-07-17?
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Guide to Telework in the Federal Government
"Late 20th-century technology revolutionized the workplace, and the 21st-century workplace is evolving even further. Computers, remote connectivity, voice and electronic communications, paperless work processes, and other innovations make information and work increasingly mobile. Such innovations help the Federal Government, as the Nation's largest employer, serve the needs of the American public more efficiently and effectively. Federal employees have used mobile work technology for a long time. In recent years, telework has become increasingly widespread and formalized, with legislative mandates as well as new programmatic and policy supports and structures. [...] This guide is intended to help Federal managers and employees understand how to make telework a routine part of doing business, as well as how to integrate telework into emergency planning."
United States. Office of Personnel Management
2006-08-03
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Making Telework a Federal Priority: Security is Not the Issue
"For the Federal government, perhaps the most important aspect of telework is that it can greatly facilitate continuity of operations (COOP) in times of crisis. Adoption of telework in the federal government began in 1990 and is on the upswing, but the level seriously lags private industry. This policy briefing is provided by the Cyber Security Industry Alliance (CSIA), an advocacy group for enhancing cyber security. It explains the story of telework and its benefits to workers and organizations."
Cyber Security Industry Alliance
2005-07
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Telework and Continuity of Operations (COOP)
This document looks at the advantages and technologies involved with telecommuting.
Homeland Defense Journal (Firm)
Philpott, Don
2007-02-01?
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Statement of Congressman Danny K. Davis, House Subcommittee on Government Reform, "Telework: A 21st Century Solution to Traffic Jams and Terrorism," July 18, 2006
This document is the Congressman's opening statement at a hearing entitled Telework: A 21st Century Solution to Traffic Jams and Terrorism.
United States. Congress. House
2006-07-18
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Local Jurisdictions and Active Shooters: Building Networks, Building Capacities
From the thesis abstract: "The emerging threat of terrorism, specifically small unit active shooter attacks, is a concern for American law enforcement agencies. Events like Mumbai (November 26, 2008) and Beslan (September 1, 2004) demonstrate the vulnerability of local law enforcement officers in defending against multiple attackers and multiple locations. Smaller jurisdictions (populations less than 100,000 people) are challenged with administrative and operational capacities considerably more than larger jurisdictions. Therefore, smaller agencies must find ways to enhance their capacities within tightening budgetary constraints. To investigate this problem and find workable solutions, qualitative research methods of case studies and interviews were employed. Specifically, Mumbai, Beslan and two high-profile United States incidents (Columbine High School shooting (April 20, 1999) and North Hollywood Bank shoot out (February 28, 1997) were studied. Individuals from the U.S. cases were interviewed to explore information not necessarily documented. Data from the case studies and interviews were collated and reviewed for common themes. These themes were analyzed to draw conclusions on how smaller jurisdictions should proceed in building capacities to deal with active shooter scenarios. Findings suggest that smaller jurisdictions can build capacities by creating a megacommunity within local law enforcement. This includes developing systems to share smart practices, training for small unit attacks, and creating multi-jurisdictional interoperability standards."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Frazzano, Tracy L.
2010-12
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Social Media Integration into State-Operated Fusion Centers and Local Law Enforcement: Potential Uses and Challenges
From the thesis abstract: "The push by the Obama administration for a more transparent, citizen-centric government has created a new way of thinking among federal, state, and local governments: citizen participation has become a mainstay of newly written policies across the country. The adoption of Web 2.0 technologies, particularly social media, within fusion centers and local law enforcement entities could enable a more expedient exchange of information among fusion centers, law enforcement, and the public. The ability to collect and disseminate information on a real-time basis via fusion centers and law enforcement is key to the overall success of the homeland security mission; it is impossible for the federal government to have sole responsibility for safeguarding the homeland from the confines of Washington, D.C. Because fusion centers and law enforcement agencies are state and local entities, they have the capability to obtain information at a grassroots level and have the advantage of knowing the local environment, including potential targets and vulnerabilities. Social media, if leveraged appropriately, could enhance communication among fusion centers, law enforcement, and private citizens to better detect and deter terrorism. This research explores potential benefits and implementation challenges of integrating social media into fusion center and local law enforcement frameworks."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Fresenko, Victoria L.
2010-12
