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Information Technology: DOD Needs to Fully Implement Program for Piloting Open Source Software, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "Open source software is code that is released under a license which grants users the right to modify, share, and reuse the software. Making code available for reuse as open source can have major benefits such as decreasing costs and improving efficiencies. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 required DOD to submit a plan to Congress for initiating the open source software pilot program established by OMB [Office of Management and Budget] memorandum M16-21. DOD submitted its plan to Congress in June 2018. The act includes a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to report on DOD's implementation of the open source software pilot program. GAO's objectives were to (1) assess the extent to which DOD has implemented the open source software pilot program and other related requirements established by OMB; and (2) describe the views of responsible DOD officials on the use of open source software to achieve efficiency, transparency, and innovation at the department. To address these objectives, GAO compared DOD's plan for implementing the program to OMB's memo. GAO also interviewed defense officials at 11 DOD components including military departments, and defense agencies on their views about the benefits and risks of making code available as open source software."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-09
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Prescription Opioids: Patient Options for Safe and Effective Disposal of Unused Opioids, Report to Congressional Committees
From the GAO [Government Accountability Office] Highlights: "In 2017, an estimated 11.1 million Americans misused a prescription pain reliever, which included opioids. This misuse contributes to opioid abuse and death, which has quintupled from 1999 to 2017; about 17,000 people died from prescription opioid overdoses in 2017. Government agencies and stakeholders have attempted to address the potential for misuse and abuse by facilitating safe disposal of unused prescription opioids and other drugs. The SUPPORT [Substance Use-Disorder Prevention that Promotes Opioid Recovery and Treatment] for Patients and Communities Act enacted in 2018 included a provision for GAO to review patient disposal of unused opioids, among other things. This report examines (1) federally recommended and other available methods patients may use to dispose of unused prescription opioids, and (2) what is known about patients' use of these methods."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-09
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Surface Transportation: DHS is Developing and Testing Security Technologies, but Could Better Share Test Results, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Highlights: "Since 2016, bombings of subways and bus systems in foreign cities and attempted attacks in U.S. cities demonstrate continued security threats to mass transit and other surface transportation systems. S&T [Science and Technology Directorate] and TSA are the primary federal entities responsible for researching, developing, and testing technologies designed to address threats to these systems. GAO [Government Accountability Office] has previously identified challenges with S&T's oversight of R&D [research and development] projects. GAO was asked to review S&T and TSA's roles in developing and testing surface transportation security technologies. This report, among other objectives, (1) assesses the extent to which S&T is developing technologies to secure surface transportation systems and progress made, and (2) identifies the key mechanisms that S&T, TSA, and stakeholders use to collaborate and share information on identifying capability gaps and security technologies, and analyzes the extent to which they are effective."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-09
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Disaster Response: Federal Assistance and Selected States and Territory Efforts to Identify Deaths from 2017 Hurricanes, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Highlights: "In 2017, three major hurricanes-- Harvey, Irma, and Maria--struck Texas, Florida, and Puerto Rico, causing severe damage and deaths. After Hurricane Maria, questions were raised about how deaths related to the hurricane were identified and documented in Puerto Rico. States and local jurisdictions are responsible for identifying and documenting disaster-related deaths. Additionally, the federal government may play a role in helping to respond to disaster-related deaths, by, for example, providing Funeral Assistance for eligible funeral costs. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to review Puerto Rico's process for identifying and documenting deaths related to Hurricane Maria, as well as other states' related processes, and federal agencies' assistance in this process. This report discusses, among other things, (1) how Florida, Texas, and Puerto Rico identified and documented deaths related to the 2017 hurricanes, and any challenges they experienced, (2) the support selected federal agencies provided to Florida, Texas, and Puerto Rico involving disaster-related deaths, and (3) the number of Funeral Assistance applications FEMA received, approved, and denied for the 2017 hurricanes."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-09
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Commercial Aviation: Information on Passenger Assaults Against Airline Customer Service Agents at Airports, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "Recent media reports have detailed incidents at airports where passengers have acted disruptively or violently toward airline customer service agents, who assist passengers checking into their flights and boarding aircraft, among other things. While state and local laws generally prohibit these types of actions, some stakeholders have raised questions about these agents' safety. The FAA [Federal Aviation Administration] Reauthorization Act of 2018 included a provision that GAO [Government Accountability Office] examine passenger violence against airline customer service agents at airports. This report examines (1) what is known about assaults by passengers against customer service agents and (2) stakeholders' perspectives on the sufficiency of state and local laws and resources to deter and address such incidents."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-09
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Disaster Response: HHS Should Address Deficiencies Highlighted by Recent Hurricanes in the U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the GAO [Government Accountability Office] Highlights: "GAO was asked to review the federal public health and medical services response to Hurricanes Irma and Maria in the U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. This report examines HHS's [Department of Health and Human Services] actions and leadership of this response, among other things. GAO reviewed documentation on the preparedness for, and response to, the hurricanes. It also interviewed federal and territory officials and interviewed or received written responses from eight nonfederal stakeholders involved in the response, such as nongovernmental organizations. GAO identified these stakeholders through research and referrals."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-09
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Foreign Military Sales: DOD Should Strengthen Oversight of Its Growing Transportation Account Balances, Report to Congressional Committees
From the GAO [Government Accountability Office] Highlights: "The FMS [Foreign Military Sales] program is one of the primary ways the U.S. government supports its foreign partners, by annually selling them billions of dollars of items and services. According to DOD, the FMS program is intended to operate on a 'no profit, no loss' basis, with purchasers not charged excessive fees and fee revenue covering operating costs. Foreign partners can arrange for their own transportation of FMS items or pay DOD a transportation fee to cover the costs of DOD transporting them. The fees are collected into transportation accounts in the FMS Trust Fund. House Report 114-537 and Senate Report 114-255 included provisions that GAO review DSCA's [Defense Security Cooperation Agency] management of FMS fees. This report examines (1) the balances of the FMS transportation accounts for fiscal years 2007 through 2018, (2) DSCA's management oversight of the accounts, and (3) DSCA's processes for setting transportation fees. GAO analyzed DOD data and documents, and interviewed DOD officials."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-09
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Animal Use in Research: Federal Agencies Should Assess and Report on Their Efforts to Develop and Promote Alternatives, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the GAO [Government Accountability Office] Highlights: "GAO was asked to review issues related to alternatives to animal research. This report (1) describes how HHS [Department of Health and Human Services], USDA, and EPA ensure researchers consider the use of alternatives to animals and (2) examines the steps the agencies have taken to facilitate the use of alternative research methods and to assess the effect of their efforts on animal use. GAO reviewed documents, such as agency policies and practices relevant to the consideration of alternatives and interviewed agency officials. GAO also interviewed representatives of a nongeneralizable sample of 12 federal and nonfederal research facilities randomly selected across agencies and facilities."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-09
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Science & Tech Spotlight: Opioid Vaccines
From the Document: "Opioid vaccines are medical therapies designed to block opioids, such as heroin and fentanyl, from entering the brain or spinal cord, thus preventing addiction and other negative effects. While none are approved for use yet, they could be useful for at-risk individuals, patients in drug recovery programs, or first responders who might accidentally come into contact with deadly opioids that can be absorbed through the skin. This approach offers advantages over some current treatment methods, including requiring minimal medical supervision and no potential for abuse."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Persons, Timothy M.
2019-09
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Disaster Response: FEMA and the American Red Cross Need to Ensure Key Mass Care Organizations Are Included in Coordination and Planning, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the GAO [Government Accountability Office] Highlights: "This report examines (1) FEMA's and the Red Cross' coordination of mass care in response to the 2017 hurricanes, and (2) FEMA's support and use of assessments of mass care capabilities for the 2017 hurricanes."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-09
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Public Service Loan Forgiveness: Improving the Temporary Expanded Process Could Help Reduce Borrower Confusion, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the GAO (Government Accountability Office) Highlights: "This report examines (1) the extent to which the process for obtaining TEPSLF [Temporary Expanded Public Service Loan Forgiveness] is clear to borrowers, (2) what is known about loan forgiveness approvals and denials, and (3) the extent to which Education has conducted TEPSLF outreach. GAO analyzed data from the TEPSLF servicer on loan forgiveness requests from May 2018 through May 2019 (the most recent available at the time of our review); reviewed Education's guidance and instructions for the TEPSLF servicer; assessed Education's outreach activities; interviewed officials from Education, the TEPSLF servicer, and selected groups representing borrowers; and reviewed borrower complaints about TEPSLF submitted to Education."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-09
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Environmental Justice: Federal Efforts Need Better Planning, Coordination, and Methods to Assess Progress, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Highlights: "Environmental justice seeks to address the disproportionately high distribution of health and environmental risks among low-income and minority communities by seeking their fair treatment and meaningful involvement in environmental policy. In 1994, Executive Order 12898 directed 11 federal agencies to identify and address environmental justice issues related to their activities and tasked an interagency working group to coordinate federal environmental justice efforts. In 2011, 16 agencies, including the 11 original agencies, recommitted to planning and reporting on environmental justice efforts by signing an MOU [Memorandum of Understanding]. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to review federal environmental justice efforts. This report examines agencies' environmental justice actions, strategic plans and progress reports, and working group collaboration. GAO reviewed agency environmental justice plans, reports, and funding data; interviewed agency officials; and compared working group collaboration to leading collaborative practices."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-09
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Tax-Law Enforcement: IRS Could Better Leverage Existing Data to Identify Abusive Schemes Involving Tax-Exempt Entities, Report to the Committee on Finance, U.S. Senate
From the GAO [Government Accountability Office] Highlights: "Abusive tax schemes contribute to the tax gap and threaten the tax system's integrity. When abusive tax schemes involve tax-exempt entities, they also can erode the public's confidence in the charitable sector. GAO was asked to review what is known about abusive transactions involving tax-exempt entities and how IRS [Internal Revenue Service] addresses them. This report, among other things, (1) describes ways in which taxpayers have abused an entity's tax-exempt status; (2) examines trends in IRS's compliance efforts; and (3) assesses how IRS identifies emerging abusive tax schemes involving tax-exempt entities. GAO reviewed research on tax schemes involving tax-exempt entities, and interviewed relevant professionals and researchers about tax schemes involving tax-exempt entities; compiled statistics from IRS audit and disclosure data; and compared documentation and testimony from IRS officials on IRS programs and guidance from its operating divisions with certain internal control and GAO fraud framework criteria."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-09
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Head Start: Action Needed to Enhance Program Oversight and Mitigate Significant Fraud and Improper Payment Risks, Report to the Republican Leader, Committee on Education and Labor, House of Representatives
From the GAO [Government Accountability Office] Highlights: "This report discusses (1) what vulnerabilities GAO's covert tests identified in selected Head Start grantees' controls for program eligibility screening; (2) the extent to which OHS [Office of Head Start] provides timely monitoring of grantees; and (3) what control vulnerabilities exist in OHS's methods for ensuring grantees provide services for all children and pregnant women they are funded to serve. GAO conducted 15 nongeneralizable covert tests at Head Start centers in metropolitan areas."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-09
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Immigration Benefits: Additional Actions Needed to Address Fraud Risks in Program for Foreign National Victims of Domestic Abuse, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the GAO [Government Accountability Office] Highlights: "GAO was asked to review fraud risks in the self-petition process and how, if at all, DHS assists U.S. citizens or LPRs [lawful permanent resident] who may have been falsely identified as domestic abusers. This report examines the extent to which (1) USCIS [U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services] has adopted relevant leading practices in GAO's Fraud Risk Framework for the self-petition program; and (2) DHS provides assistance to U.S. citizens or LPRs who may have been falsely identified as domestic abusers in the self-petition process, and steps DHS takes when suspected fraud is identified. GAO reviewed documents, interviewed officials, analyzed program data, and assessed the agency's approach to managing fraud risks against GAO's Fraud Risk Framework."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-09
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Warfighter Support: Actions Needed to Improve Explosive Ordnance Disposal Forces Planning, Report to Congressional Committees
From the GAO [Government Accountability Office] Highlights: "This report assesses the extent to which (1) the military services consider all combatant command EOD [explosive ordnance disposal] requirements, including DSCA [defense support of civil authority], in determining the number of EOD personnel needed, and (2) DOD evaluates the effect of VIP support missions on the military preparedness of EOD forces. GAO reviewed relevant guidance, analyzed EOD data, and interviewed EOD and manpower officials. This is a public version of a sensitive report that GAO issued in July 2019. Information that DOD deemed sensitive has been omitted."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-09
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Environmental Liabilities: DOE Would Benefit from Incorporating Risk-Informed Decision-Making into Its Cleanup Policy, Congressional Requesters
From the Highlights: "As of 2018, the U.S. government faced an estimated $577 billion in environmental liabilities. DOE [Department of Energy] is responsible for more than 85 percent of these liabilities. DOE is charged with cleaning up contamination from nuclear weapons production and energy research dating back to World War II and the Cold War, which generated large quantities of liquid and solid radioactive waste and contaminated soil and water. [...] GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to review DOE's environmental cleanup decision-making. This report examines (1) the extent to which DOE has a framework for making risk-informed cleanup decisions, and (2) essential elements of a framework for making risk-informed cleanup decisions."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-09
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Federal Land Management Agencies: Additional Actions Needed to Address Facility Security Assessment Requirements, Report to the Chairman, Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives
From the Highlights: "A 2014 government report predicted that the rate of violent domestic extremist incidents would increase. In recent years, some high-profile incidents have occurred on federal lands, such as the armed occupation of a FWS [Fish and Wildlife] wildlife refuge in 2016. Federal land management agencies manage nearly 700 million acres of federal lands and have law enforcement divisions that protect their employees and secure their facilities. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to review how land management agencies protect their employees and secure their facilities. For the four federal land management agencies, this report examines, among other things, (1) what is known about the number of threats and assaults against their employees and (2) the extent to which agencies met federal facility security assessment requirements."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-09
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U.S. Assistance to Central America: Department of State Should Establish a Comprehensive Plan to Assess Progress Toward Prosperity, Governance, and Security, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the GAO [Government Accountability Office] Highlights: "The United States has provided assistance to the Northern Triangle of Central America for many years to address poverty, weak governance, and insecurity. Introduced in 2014, and updated in 2017, the 'U.S. Strategy for Engagement in Central America' (Strategy) supports the objectives of improving prosperity, governance, and security. State coordinates implementation of the Strategy's objectives among agencies. This report examines: (1) the projects the U.S. government has implemented from fiscal years 2013 through 2018 to support the Strategy's objectives in the Northern Triangle, (2) what is known about project results, and (3) what is known about progress toward the objectives. GAO reviewed results for a subset of 190 projects in a nongeneralizable sample of six sectors selected based on funding, country, and objective; analyzed Strategy documents and key elements of effective strategies; interviewed officials; and conducted fieldwork in the Northern Triangle."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-09
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Airline Consumer Protections: Information on Selected Airlines' Non-Discrimination Training Programs
From the Document: "Federal law prohibits airlines from discriminating against passengers on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, sex, or ancestry. Nevertheless, recent high-profile events reported in the media have led some non-discrimination advocacy organizations to question whether airlines treat all passengers equally and without bias. For example, in May 2016, airline personnel reportedly subjected an economics professor of Italian descent--perceived to be Middle Eastern--to additional security screening after a passenger raised security concerns upon seeing his math equations. While airline staff determined the threat was not credible and allowed the professor to fly, the flight was delayed for hours. More recently, in 2017, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) issued a travel advisory (lifted in 2018) against one airline, citing 'disrespectful, discriminatory or unsafe conditions' for African-American passengers."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-08-22
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Export-Import Bank: Status of End-Use Monitoring of Dual-Use Exports as of August 2019
From the Document: "The Export-Import Bank Reform and Reauthorization Act of 2015 extended EXIM's [Export-Import Bank of the United States] authority to finance dual-use exports until the date when EXIM's authority expires under 12 U.S.C. § 635f. Under this section, EXIM is currently authorized through September 30, 2019. An earlier law, Pub. L. No. 103-428, § 1(a) (Oct. 31, 1994), created EXIM's dual-use authority and included a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office], in conjunction with the bank, to report annually on the end uses of dual-use exports supported by EXIM during the second preceding fiscal year. This report (1) examines the status of EXIM's monitoring of dual-use exports that it continued to finance in fiscal year 2017, as of August 2019; and (2) identifies any new dual-use exports that EXIM financed in fiscal year 2018."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-08-12
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Global Tobacco Control: U.S. Efforts Have Primarily Focused on Research and Surveillance
From the Document: "The United Nations' (UN) World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that tobacco use is one of the world's leading causes of preventable deaths, killing over 8 million people each year-- almost three times the number that die from tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and malaria combined. The majority of those deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. To address this problem, WHO's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) was adopted by the World Health Assembly in 2003 and came into force in 2005. The FCTC's stated objective is to protect people from the consequences of tobacco consumption and exposure to tobacco smoke by providing a framework for implementing tobacco control measures at the national, regional, and international levels. The U.S. government signed the FCTC in 2004 but has not ratified it. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), and the Department of State (State) engage in global tobacco control efforts. [...] This report examines U.S. agencies' funding and activities related to global tobacco control in fiscal years 2015 through 2018."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-08-08
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Nuclear Supply Chain: NNSA Should Notify Congress of Its Recommendations to Improve the Enhanced Procurement Authority
From the Document: "The continued globalization of the nation's supply chains--including the trend toward using a non-domestic supply chain for some nonnuclear components of nuclear weapons and related systems--has led to heightened risks of potential supply chain exploitation. According to the Department of Energy's (DOE) National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), malevolent exploitation of NNSA supply chain vulnerabilities could affect weapon functionality. For example, according to DOE and NNSA documents, a counterfeit or sabotaged component could cause a nuclear weapon to malfunction. Moreover, some reports have suggested that as components of nuclear weapons or delivery systems are being assembled, an adversary could introduce into the components malicious code or malware that could be activated at any time, thereby undermining confidence in the nuclear weapons systems and their operational effectiveness."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-08-08
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Defense Management: DOD Should Set Deadlines on Stalled Collaboration Efforts and Clarify Cross-Functional Team Funding Responsibilities, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "DOD continues to confront organizational challenges that hinder collaboration. To address these challenges, section 911 of the NDAA [National Defense Authorization Act] for Fiscal Year 2017 directed the Secretary of Defense to, among other things, issue an organizational strategy that identifies critical objectives that span multiple functional boundaries; establish cross-functional teams to support this strategy; and provide related guidance and training. The NDAA for Fiscal Year 2017 also included a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to assess DOD's actions in response to section 911. This report assesses the extent to which DOD has made progress in implementing the requirements of section 911, including establishing a new cross-functional team on electromagnetic spectrum operations."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-08
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DOD Installations: Monitoring Use of Physical Access Control Systems Could Reduce Risks to Personnel and Assets, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "In November 2009, an Army officer killed or wounded 45 people at Fort Hood, Texas; 4 years later in September 2013, a Navy contractor killed or wounded 16 people at the Washington Navy Yard in Washington, D.C. Independent reviews conducted in the aftermath of these shootings identified physical access control weaknesses at DOD installations. The conference report accompanying the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 contained a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to assess DOD's installation access control efforts. GAO (1) described actions DOD has taken to develop guidance on physical access to domestic installations and to field PACS [physical access control systems] at these installations, (2) evaluated the extent to which DOD has monitored the use of fielded PACS at these installations, and (3) evaluated the extent to which DOD has implemented an approach for addressing PACS technical issues and assessing associated performance. GAO analyzed DOD guidance on physical access control requirements, and visited installations to discuss with installation command and security force officials their experiences using PACS. This is a public version of a sensitive report that GAO issued in May 2019. Information that DOD deemed sensitive has been omitted."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-08
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Aviation Safety: Opportunities Exist for FAA to Improve Airport Terminal Area Safety Efforts, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Highlights: "U.S airspace system is one of the safest in the world, but incidents and near misses at and around U.S. terminal areas still occur. FAA [Federal Aviation Administration] oversees the safety of runways and taxiways and works with industry partners--including airlines, airports, pilots, and others--to improve safety in these areas. Despite FAA's continued efforts, the number of reported terminal area incidents has increased over time. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to review various issues related to runway safety and to update its prior work on airport terminal areas. This report examines: (1) the extent to which FAA uses data to analyze terminal area incidents and (2) efforts FAA and others have implemented to improve terminal area safety, and how FAA assesses their effectiveness. GAO analyzed FAA data; interviewed officials from 10 airports selected based on high runway incident rates in the past 3 years, among other factors; and interviewed federal and industry officials."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-08
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Retirement Security: Income and Wealth Disparities Continue Through Old Age, Report to Ranking Member, Committee on the Budget, U.S. Senate
From the Document: "Income and wealth inequality in the United States have increased over the last several decades. At the same time, life expectancy has been rising, although not uniformly across the U.S. population. Taken together, these trends may have significant effects on Americans' financial security in retirement. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to examine the distribution of income and wealth among older Americans, as well as its association with longevity, and identify the implication that these trends may have on retirement security."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-08
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Land Ports of Entry: CBP Should Update Policies and Enhance Analysis of Inspections, Report to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate
From the Highlights: "CBP [U.S. Customs and Border Protection], within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), is the lead federal agency charged with a dual mission of facilitating the flow of legitimate travel and trade at the nation's borders while keeping terrorists and their weapons, criminals and their contraband, and inadmissible aliens out of the country. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to review CBP's process for inspecting passenger vehicles, pedestrians, and commercial vehicles at land POEs [ports of entry] to secure the border. This report examines to what extent CBP (1) has processes and policies for inspections, (2) monitors inspection activities, and (3) has measures to assess its efforts to detect illegal activity of passengers, pedestrians, and commercial vehicles at land POEs. To address these questions, GAO analyzed CBP documents and data related to inbound inspections; interviewed officials; and observed operations at a non-generalizable sample of seven land POEs, selected to reflect a range of traffic volumes and geographic locations, among other things. This is a public version of a sensitive report that GAO issued in June 2019. Information that DHS deemed sensitive has been omitted."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-08
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State Department: Leadership Focus Needed to Guide Agency Reform Efforts, Report to Congressional Addressees
From the Highlights: "In 2017, State initiated a series of reform efforts in response to an executive order by the President and guidance issued by the Office of Management and Budget aimed at reorganizing and streamlining the government. GAO's [Government Accountability Office] prior work has shown that successful agency reform efforts follow key implementation practices, such as establishing a dedicated team to manage the implementation of reforms, and ensuring transparency by setting public goals and milestones to monitor progress. This report examines (1) the status of the reform efforts that State reported to Congress in February 2018 and (2) the extent to which State addressed key practices critical to the successful implementation of agency reform efforts. GAO reviewed State's reform plans, proposals, and related documents; met with officials involved in State's reform efforts; and assessed implementation of the reform efforts against relevant key practices identified in GAO's prior work."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-08
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Future Warfare: Army is Preparing for Cyber and Electronic Warfare Threats, but Needs to Fully Assess the Staffing, Equipping, and Training of New Organizations, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "The rise of great-power competitors, such as China and Russia, prompted the Army to transform the way it plans to fight. The Army is developing a new warfighting concept to guide how its forces will engage jointly with other services in multiple domains, especially in cyber and space. The House Armed Services Committee included a provision in House Report 115-200 accompanying a bill for the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to review the Army's implementation of the concept. Among its objectives, this report addresses (1) how the Army is changing its doctrine, organizations, and training in order to execute multi-domain operations; and (2) the extent to which the Army has established new cyber and electronic warfare units, including any challenges faced by these units, and whether the Army assessed risks associated with its plan to establish these units."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-08
