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Increasing Numbers of Unaccompanied Alien Children at the Southwest Border [Updated April 9, 2021]
From the Document: "In the first five months of FY2021, encounters (apprehensions or expulsions) of unaccompanied alien children [hyperlink] (UAC) at the U.S.-Mexico border with the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS's) U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) are approaching a level [hyperlink] close to that for all of FY2020. While the number of UAC encounters declined substantially from FY2019 to FY2020, in large part because of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, they are expected to rapidly increase [hyperlink] in the coming months, a trend that has attracted considerable media attention. [...] Unaccompanied alien children [hyperlink] are statutorily defined as children who lack lawful immigration status in the United States, are under age 18, and lack a parent or legal guardian in the United States or a parent or legal guardian in the United States who is available to provide care and physical custody. UAC treatment and processing at U.S. borders is governed by several statutes and a legal settlement [hyperlink]."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kandel, William
2021-04-09
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Citizenship and Immigration Statuses of the U.S. Foreign-Born Population [April 9, 2021]
From the Document: "The U.S. foreign-born population consists of individuals living in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. An estimated 44.9 million foreign-born people live in the United States, representing 13.7% of the total U.S. population in 2019 (the most recent data from the American Community Survey [ACS]). The proportion of foreign-born has changed over time. The 1920 percentage of foreign-born (13.2%) was similar to current levels, then declined over the next five decades, reaching a low of 4.7% in 1970. Over the last five decades, the proportion has increased (Figure 1)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Straut-Eppsteiner, Holly
2021-04-09
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Resources for Tracking Federal COVID-19 Spending [Updated April 9, 2021]
From the Summary: "Congress has responded to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with supplemental appropriations measures providing relief and assistance to individuals and families, state and local governments, businesses, health care providers, and other entities. This report provides selected sources for tracking COVID-19 relief and assistance spending. It contains links to and information on government sources detailing spending amounts at various levels, including consolidated spending by multiple government agencies, spending by individual government agencies, and spending for specific recipients and geographies. The sources themselves are large government databases, individual agencies, oversight entities, and selected nongovernmental entities that attempt to repackage information on spending amounts obtained from available government sources."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Teefy, Jennifer; Kreiser, Maria
2021-04-09
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Law of Asylum Procedure at the Border: Statutes and Agency Implementation [April 9, 2021]
From the Summary: "The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) generally provides for the removal of non-U.S. citizens or nationals ('aliens,' under the INA) encountered at the border without valid entry documents, unless they qualify for asylum or other humanitarian protections. Two significant questions of legal procedure arise regarding these aliens (referred to here as 'undocumented migrants' to distinguish them from aliens encountered in the interior of the United States). 'First', how should the United States determine which undocumented migrants qualify for humanitarian protections? By trial or some more rapid assessment? 'Second', how should undocumented migrants be treated while their claims are evaluated? Should the government detain them, release them under supervision, or--as the Trump Administration opted to do--require many of them to wait in Mexico? These questions have become more prominent as the flow of undocumented migrants seeking humanitarian protections ('asylum seekers') has increased over the past decade."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Harrington, Ben
2021-04-09
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Temporary Protected Status and Deferred Enforced Departure [Updated April 9, 2021]
From the Summary: "When civil unrest, violence, or natural disasters erupt in countries around the world, concerns arise over the ability of foreign nationals present in the United States who are from those countries to safely return. Provisions in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) provide for temporary protected status (TPS) and other forms of relief from removal under specified circumstances. The Secretary of Homeland Security has the discretion to designate a country for TPS for periods of 6 to 18 months and can extend these periods if the country continues to meet the conditions for designation. Congress has also provided TPS legislatively. A foreign national from a designated country who is granted TPS receives a registration document and employment authorization for the duration of the TPS designation."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Wilson, Jill, 1974-
2021-04-09
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COIVD-19 and Private Health Insurance Coverage: Frequently Asked Questions [Updated April 9, 2021]
From the Introduction: "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues in 2021. As private health insurance is the predominant source of health coverage in the United States, there is considerable congressional interest in understanding private health insurance coverage of health benefits related to COVID-19 diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. This report addresses frequently asked questions about covered benefits and consumer cost sharing related to COVID-19 testing, treatment, and vaccination. It explains relevant legislation enacted in 2020, references existing federal requirements, discusses applicable administrative guidance, and notes state and private-sector actions. It begins with background information on types and regulation of private health insurance plans."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Forsberg, Vanessa C.
2021-04-09
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Defense Primer: What Is Command and Control? [April 8, 2021]
From the Document: "The Department of Defense (DOD) defines command and control (C2) as '[t]he exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned forces in the accomplishment of the mission.' At its most fundamental level, C2 represents how DOD makes operational decisions. One can view C2 through the context of five variables: who, what, when, where, and how. Traditionally, Congress has focused on the authorities (the 'who') and technology (the 'how') variables, and less so on the force mix ('what'), temporal ('when'), and geographic ('where'). China and Russia have developed strategies to disrupt or potentially deny DOD its ability to make decisions; as a result, DOD is modernizing systems and processes to command and control military forces."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hoehn, John R.; Campbell, Caitlin; Bowen, Andrew S.
2021-04-08
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U.S. Antipersonnel Landmine Use Policy [Updated April 8, 2021]
From the Document: "On January 31, 2020, the Department of Defense (DOD) announced a new policy on the use of antipersonnel landmines (APLs). According to a January 31, 2020, DOD memorandum, President Trump 'decided to cancel Presidential Policy Directive-37 (PPD-37),' which was issued by the Obama Administration in January 2016. The Administration adopted the new policy following an internal DOD review ordered by former Secretary of Defense James Mattis that was completed in 2018."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Feickert, Andrew; Kerr, Paul K.
2021-04-08
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National Emergency Powers [Updated April 8, 2021]
From the Summary: "The President of the United States has available certain powers that may be exercised in the event that the nation is threatened by crisis, exigency, or emergency circumstances (other than natural disasters, war, or near-war situations). Such powers may be stated explicitly or implied by the Constitution, assumed by the Chief Executive to be permissible constitutionally, or inferred from or specified by statute. Through legislation, Congress has made a great many delegations of authority in this regard over the past 230 years. There are, however, limits and restraints upon the President in his exercise of emergency powers. With the exception of the habeas corpus clause, the Constitution makes no allowance for the suspension of any of its provisions during a national emergency. Disputes over the constitutionality or legality of the exercise of emergency powers are judicially reviewable. Both the judiciary and Congress, as co-equal branches, can restrain the executive regarding emergency powers. So can public opinion. Since 1976, the President has been subject to certain procedural formalities in utilizing some statutorily delegated emergency authority. The National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. §§1601-1651) eliminated or modified some statutory grants of emergency authority, required the President to formally declare the existence of a national emergency and to specify what statutory authority activated by the declaration would be used, and provided Congress a means to countermand the President's declaration and the activated authority being sought. The development of this regulatory statute and subsequent declarations of national emergency are reviewed in this report."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Halchin, L. Elaine
2021-04-08
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Expiration of the Discretionary Spending Limits: Frequently Asked Questions [April 8, 2021]
From the Document: "In 2011, during a period in which many Members of Congress expressed concern over rising budget deficits, the Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA, P.L. 112-25) established legal limits on the amount of discretionary spending that could be provided each fiscal year. Under the BCA, for each fiscal year, two separate spending limits have been in effect: one for defense discretionary spending and one for nondefense discretionary spending. To enforce the spending limits, the law requires that if discretionary appropriations are enacted that exceed a statutory limit for a fiscal year, an automatic process, referred to as sequestration, is triggered to eliminate the excess spending. Under current law, the discretionary spending limits are in effect only through FY2021. Unless the limits are extended in law, there are no similar statutory limits for FY2022 or beyond. This report addresses several frequently asked questions related to the expiration of the discretionary spending limits."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lynch, Megan Suzanne; Driessen, Grant A.
2021-04-08
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House Committees Release Guidance for Transportation Earmarks [April 8, 2021]
From the Document: "The House Committee on Appropriations and Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure have separately announced that individual Members may request funding for specific transportation projects. This ends an effective ban on earmarks [hyperlink] that has been in force in the House since 2011. This Insight summarizes the new rules applicable to Member-designated transportation projects and points out certain matters that appear to remain unclear. A congressional designation, the formal term for an earmark [hyperlink], is a provision in a law or report language that has four basic attributes. It [1] is included at the request of a Member, Delegate, Commissioner, or Senator; [2] recommends a specific amount of discretionary budget authority, credit authority, or other budget authority; [3] is for an identifiable entity or targeted to a state, locality, or congressional district; and [4] is not awarded through a statutory or administrative formula-driven or competitive award process."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kirk, Robert S.
2021-04-08
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FEMA Funeral Assistance for COVID-19 [Updated April 8, 2021]
From the Document: "Congress authorized the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to provide Funeral Assistance for deaths associated with the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic through the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 [hyperlink] and the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 [hyperlink]. This Insight provides an overview of FEMA COVID-19 Funeral Assistance, including eligible expenses, applicant eligibility criteria, and award amounts."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Webster, Elizabeth M.
2021-04-08
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Medicare Accelerated and Advance Payments and COVID-19: Frequently Asked Questions [Updated April 8, 2021]
"In rare situations, Medicare Part A providers (e.g., acute care hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, and other inpatient care facilities) and Part B suppliers (e.g., physicians, nonphysician practitioners, durable medical equipment [DME] suppliers, and others who furnish outpatient services) face cash flow challenges due to specified circumstances beyond their control. Under such circumstances, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) can provide temporary relief through the accelerated payment program (Part A) and the advance payment program (Part B). CMS has offered these programs, collectively referred to as the Accelerated and Advance Payment (AAP) programs, in an attempt to alleviate some concerns about the financial challenges faced by Medicare suppliers and providers. These amounts eventually are recovered by Medicare, typically by withholding payment for subsequent claims up to the amount of the accelerated or advance payments. [...] This report addresses frequently asked questions about the Medicare AAP programs, including the terms and conditions of eligibility, payment amounts and sources of funds, recovery of payments, applicable interest charges, and administrative and legislative changes during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] PHE [public health emergency]."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hahn, Jim; Villagrana, Marco A.
2021-04-08
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Kosovo: Background and U.S. Policy [Updated April 8, 2021]
From the Summary: "Kosovo, a country in the Western Balkans with a predominantly Albanian-speaking population, declared independence from Serbia in 2008, less than a decade after a brief but lethal war. It has since been recognized by about 100 countries. The United States and most European Union (EU) member states recognize Kosovo. Serbia, Russia, China, and various other countries (including five EU member states) do not. [...] Congress was actively involved in debates over the U.S. response to a 1998-1999 conflict in Kosovo and subsequently supported Kosovo's declaration of independence. Today, many Members of Congress continue to support Kosovo through country- or region-specific hearings, congressional visits, and foreign assistance funding levels averaging around $50 million per year since 2015."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Garding, Sarah E.
2021-04-08
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Open Skies Treaty: Background and Issues [Updated April 7, 2021]
From the Document: "The United States announced [hyperlink] its withdrawal [hyperlink] from the Treaty on Open Skies [hyperlink] on May 22, 2020; this withdrawal took effect [hyperlink] on November 22, 2020. The United States no longer participates in flights or shares data collected by others. Russia also announced [hyperlink] its plans [hyperlink] to withdraw, while beginning the domestic procedures for withdrawal on January 15, 2021. It has indicated that it will soon send its official notification to the other treaty parties. [...] The Biden Administration has not yet decided whether it will seek to rejoin the treaty, but recent reports [hyperlink] indicate the Administration has informed U.S. allies that it is concerned that rejoining the treaty could 'send the wrong message to Russia and undermine our position on the broader arms control agenda' if Russia continues to violate Open Skies. In addition, the Air Force [hyperlink] has removed the U.S. Open Skies aircraft from service and has taken steps to retire them."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Woolf, Amy F.
2021-04-07
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Funding U.S.-Mexico Border Barrier Construction: Current Issues [Updated April 7, 2021]
From the Document: "The construction of barriers on the U.S.-Mexico border to control unauthorized crossings has been a matter of significant debate since former President Donald Trump made construction of a border wall a key element of his campaign. This Insight provides a brief overview of the funding history for these barriers. On January 20, President Joe Biden issued a proclamation directing agencies to pause additional construction and obligation of funds pending collection of information and development of a plan to redirect some of the resources that had been dedicated to barrier construction, consistent with applicable appropriations law."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Painter, William L.; Mann, Christopher T.
2021-04-07
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Qatar: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy [Updated April 7, 2021]
From the Summary: "The State of Qatar, a small Arab Gulf monarchy which has about 300,000 citizens in a total population of about 2.4 million, has employed its ample financial resources to exert regional influence, often independent of the other members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Bahrain, and Oman) alliance. Qatar has fostered a close defense and security alliance with the United States and has maintained ties to a wide range of actors who are often at odds with each other, including Sunni Islamists, Iran and Iran-backed groups, and Israeli officials."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Katzman, Kenneth
2021-04-07
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Section 230: An Overview [April 7, 2021]
From the Summary: "Section 230 of the Communications Act of 1934, enacted as part of the Communications Decency Act of 1996, provides limited federal immunity to providers and users of interactive computer services. The law generally precludes providers and users from being held liable--that is, legally responsible--for information provided by a third party, but does not prevent them from being held legally responsible for information that they have developed or for activities unrelated to third-party content. Courts have interpreted Section 230 to foreclose a wide variety of lawsuits and to preempt laws that would make providers and users liable for third-party content. For example, the law has been applied to protect online service providers like social media companies from lawsuits based on their decisions to transmit or take down user-generated content."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Brannon, Valerie C.; Holmes, Eric N.
2021-04-07
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Lying in State or Honor in the U.S. Capitol by Non-Members of Congress [Updated April 7, 2021]
From the Document: "On April 13, 2021, United States Capitol Police Officer William 'Billy' F. Evans [hyperlink], who died on April 2, 2021, from injuries sustained protecting the U.S. Capitol during an attack on a vehicular checkpoint [hyperlink], will lie in honor at the U.S. Capitol. In a press release [hyperlink], House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer announced that '[d]ue to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, the ceremony will be open to invited guests only,' with specific times set aside for members of the Capitol Police and Members of Congress. Officer Evans will be the 37th individual to have lain in state or honor [hyperlink] in the Capitol Rotunda or National Statuary Hall. The most recent to lie in state was Associate Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg [hyperlink] on September 25, 2020 [hyperlink]. The most recent to lie in honor was Officer Brian Sicknick [hyperlink] on February 2-3, 2021."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Straus, Jacob R.
2021-04-07
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Expiring State COVID-19 Emergency Declarations: Effects on Federal Aid [Updated April 7, 2021]
From the Document: "Some states, tribes, and territories (hereinafter 'states') may consider rescinding or sun-setting their state-level emergency and disaster declarations, as states make progress in containing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Regardless of state decisions, the federal declarations of a public health emergency (under Section 319 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. §247d)), two national emergencies (under the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. §1601 et seq.) and the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. §5121 et seq., hereinafter 'Stafford Act')) and major disasters for each state (also under the Stafford Act) remain in place. This Insight examines the potential impact of lapsing state emergency declarations on the availability of federal aid, either generally or with respect to certain expenses, provided through the Stafford Act as well as six COVID-19 related supplements[.]"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Stienstra, Lauren; Aussenberg, Randy Alison; Lee, Erica A. . . .
2021-04-07
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Child and Dependent Care Tax Credit (CDCTC): Temporary Expansion for 2021 Under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117-2) [April 7, 2021]
From the Document: "The child and dependent care tax credit (CDCTC) can help to partially offset working families' child care expenses. The American Rescue Plan Act (P.L. 117-2; ARPA) provided a temporary expansion of the CDCTC for 2021. This Insight summarizes the temporary change, highlighting the credit amount for 2021 before and after the temporary expansion. Beyond the CDCTC, working families may also be eligible to receive tax-free employer-sponsored child care benefits, often in the form of a flexible spending arrangement/account (FSA). ARPA increased the maximum amount of tax-free child care benefits employers could provide from $5,000 to $10,500 for 2021 [hyperlink]. This change is not discussed further in this Insight."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Crandall-Hollick, Margot L.
2021-04-07
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Facebook's Acquisition of GIPHY: Potential Competition Issues [Updated April 6, 2021]
From the Document: "On May 15, 2020, Facebook announced [hyperlink] that it had acquired GIPHY [hyperlink], an online database and search engine for short looping videos without audio, known as GIFs [Graphics Interchange Formats]. Facebook has not integrated GIPHY with its other online platforms (i.e., websites and apps). An Interim Enforcement Order [hyperlink] filed by the U.K. Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) on June 9, 2020, requires Facebook and GIPHY to operate as separate businesses during the CMA's investigation on the effect of the acquisition on competition. On March 25, 2021, the CMA published its initial assessment [hyperlink] that the merger raised competition concerns. A letter from Facebook [hyperlink] to Members of the House Subcommittee on Antitrust, Commercial, and Administrative Law states that a premerger notification under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act [hyperlink] was not filed because the acquisition did not pass the relevant statutory test. In June 2020, the Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission were reportedly seeking to review the acquisition [hyperlink]. Facebook is now facing antitrust lawsuits, some of which focus on its past acquisitions. This Insight discusses how Facebook's acquisitions can affect competition in digital advertising and the potential implications of the antitrust lawsuits on Facebook's acquisition of GIPHY."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Cho, Clare Y.
2021-04-06
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Iran Sanctions [Updated April 6, 2021]
From the Overview: "Sanctions have been a significant component of U.S. Iran policy since Iran's 1979 Islamic Revolution that toppled the Shah of Iran, a U.S. ally. In the 1980s and 1990s, U.S. sanctions were intended to try to compel Iran to cease supporting acts of terrorism and to limit Iran's strategic power in the Middle East more generally. After the mid-2000s, U.S. and international sanctions focused largely on trying to persuade Iran to agree to limits to its nuclear program. Still, sanctions have had multiple objectives and sought to address multiple threats from Iran simultaneously. This report analyzes U.S. and international sanctions against Iran. CRS [Congressional Research Service] cannot independently corroborate whether any individual or other entity might be in violation of U.S. or international sanctions against Iran. Some of the laws and orders analyzed in this report require the blocking of U.S.-based property of sanctioned entities. No information has been released from the executive branch indicating the extent, if any, to which any such property is currently blocked."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Katzman, Kenneth
2021-04-06
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Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA): An Overview [Updated April 6, 2021]
From the Introduction: "Congress enacted the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) in 1978. FISA provides a statutory framework for government agencies to obtain authorization to gather foreign intelligence by means of (1) electronic surveillance, (2) physical searches, (3) pen registers and trap and trace (PR/TT) devices (which record or decode dialing, routing, addressing, or signaling information), or (4) the production of certain business records. Agencies typically request authorization for such activities from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC), a specialized court created by FISA to act as a neutral arbiter of agency requests for FISA orders."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Liu, Edward C.
2021-04-06
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Japan-U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress [Updated April 6, 2021]
From the Document: "Japan is a significant partner of the United States in a number of foreign policy areas, including addressing regional security concerns, which range from hedging against Chinese military modernization to countering threats from North Korea. The U.S.-Japan military alliance, formed in 1952, grants the U.S. military the right to base U.S. troops--currently around 54,000 strong-- and other military assets on Japanese territory, undergirding the 'forward deployment' of U.S. troops in East Asia. In return, the United States pledges to help defend Japan. The two countries collaborate through multiple bilateral and multilateral institutions on issues such as science and technology, global health, energy, and agriculture. [...] This report contains two main parts: a section describing recent events and a longer background section on key elements of the U.S.-Japan relationship."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Chanlett-Avery, Emma; Manyin, Mark E.; Williams, Brock R. . . .
2021-04-06
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EU Climate Action and Implications for the United States [Updated April 6, 2021]
From the Document: "The European Union (EU) has sought to play a leading role on international climate action for decades. It worked closely with the United States to negotiate the 2015 Paris Agreement (PA)to combat greenhouse gas (GHG)-induced climate change. The 27-member EU and the United Kingdom (UK)--which exited the EU in January 2020-- have welcomed President Joe Biden's decision to rejoin the PA (reversing the U.S. withdrawal carried out by the former Trump Administration). Biden Administration climate positions are expected to align with EU views in many respects. The 117th Congress may compare EU climate action policies with Biden Administration plans and may assess prospects for and challenges to U.S.-EU cooperation on climate change and mitigation efforts in the years ahead."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Procita, Kezee; Archick, Kristin; Leggett, Jane A.
2021-04-06
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Expiration Date for Temporary Control of Fentanyl Analogues [Updated April 6, 2021]
From the Document: "In February 2020, the Temporary Reauthorization and Study of the Emergency Scheduling of Fentanyl Analogues Act [hyperlink] (the Act) temporarily placed certain 'fentanyl analogues--i.e.,' compounds chemically related to the powerful synthetic opioid [hyperlink] fentanyl--on Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act [hyperlink] (CSA). The temporary scheduling of fentanyl analogues under the Act is slated to expire on May 6, 2021. In light of the approaching expiration, Congress may be interested in the legal issues related to the scheduling of fentanyl analogues. This Sidebar provides an overview of the legal framework that applies to fentanyl and its analogues, key considerations involved in scheduling fentanyl analogues, and options for pursuing scheduling via legislation."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lampe, Joanna R.
2021-04-06
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Is High Inflation a Risk in 2021? [April 6, 2021]
From the Document: "Assuming public health continues to improve, many economists project rapid economic growth in 2021. The unprecedented fiscal [hyperlink] and monetary [hyperlink] stimulus in response to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic is also expected to continue in 2021. Some observers have questioned whether the combination of stimulus and rapid growth will result in rising prices [hyperlink]. [...] The economy experienced persistently high inflation in the 1970s and early 1980s [hyperlink], last reaching double-digits in 1981. Most economists believe this high inflation was caused by overly expansionary monetary and fiscal policies, along with significant increases in energy prices. Additionally, as expectations of higher inflation became incorporated into consumer and business decisions, these expectations contributed to actual increases in inflation. The Federal Reserve (Fed) raised short-term interest rates significantly in the early 1980s, which successfully brought inflation down quickly, though at the cost of a recession."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Keightley, Mark P.; Labonte, Marc; Weinstock, Lida R.
2021-04-06
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Small Businesses and COVID-19: Relief and Assistance Resources [Updated April 5, 2021]
From the Document: "This CRS [Congressional Research Service] Insight presents selected websites and CRS products potentially relevant to small businesses that are directly affected by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and seeking economic relief and assistance."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kreiser, Maria
2021-04-05
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Judiciary Appropriations, FY2021 [April 5, 2021]
From the Introduction: "This report provides an overview of the federal judiciary's FY2021 budget request, as well as information about Congress's consideration of the judiciary's request. The first section of this report includes subsections covering each major action involving the judiciary's FY2021 budget request[.] [...] The second section of the report provides information about the specific discretionary appropriations requested by the judiciary for FY2021, as well as information about the mandatory appropriations and administrative provisions included in the appropriations process. The third section provides information about the various courts, judicial entities, and judicial services that are covered by appropriations for the judiciary. The report also identifies some of the courts and judicial services that are not covered by such appropriations (but are covered by other appropriations bills). Finally, the report provides information about ongoing policy issues affecting the judiciary that may be of interest to Congress during FY2021."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
McMillion, Barry J.
2021-04-05
