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Sensor Fusion for Boost Phase Interception of Ballistic Missiles
"In the boost phase interception of ballistic missiles, determining the exact position of a ballistic missile has a significant importance. Several sensors are used to detect and track the missile. These sensors differ from each other in many different aspects. The outputs of radars give range, elevation and azimuth information of the target while space based infrared sensors give elevation and azimuth information. These outputs have to be combined (fused) achieve better position information for the missile. The architecture that is used in this thesis is decision level fusion architecture. This thesis examines four algorithms to fuse the results of radar sensors and space based infrared sensors. An averaging technique, a weighted averaging technique, a Kalman filtering approach and a Bayesian technique are compared. The ballistic missile boost phase segment and the sensors are modeled in MATLAB. The missile vector and dynamics are based upon Newton's laws and the simulation uses an earth-centered coordinate system. The Bayesian algorithm has the best performance resulting in a rms missile position error of less than 20 m."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Humali, Ismail Gokhan
2004-09
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Architectural Framework for Describing Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems
"Two recent trends have raised concerns about the security and stability of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. The first is a move to define standard interfaces and communications protocols in support of cross-vendor compatibility and modularity. The second is a move to connect nodes in a SCADA system to open networks such as the Internet. Recent failures of critical infrastructure SCADA systems highlight these concerns. To ensure continued operations in times of crisis, SCADA systems, particularly those operating in our critical infrastructure, must be secured. Developing an abstract generic framework for defining and understanding SCADA systems is a necessary first step. A framework can provide the tools to understand the system's functions and capabilities, and how components in the system relate and interface with each other. This thesis examines and describes SCADA systems, their components, and commonly used communications protocols. It presents a matrix approach to describing and defining the features, functions and capabilities of a SCADA system. Two small SCADA systems, using industry standard components and simulating real world applications, were designed and constructed for this thesis to provide context for applying the matrix approach."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Ward, Michael P.
2004-09
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Political Exclusion and Violence: The Islamist Movement in Egypt
"Since the early 20th century, persons across the Muslim world have attempted to move their society toward a more religious Islamic path. They have attempted to form political parties and participate in elections, only to be marginalized and repressed. Some have reacted violently, carrying out attacks against government officials and other targets. Typically a cycle of violence, repression and political exclusion transpires. Democratic reform is not uncomplicated. Both practical considerations and moral ones demand changes in the policies of both the United States and Egypt. The Egyptian governments electoral engineering and interference does not go unnoticed by the world and undermines the legitimacy of the government to its own citizens and the world community alike. Co-opting moderate Islamists may seem threatening to President Mubarak as well as to Western countries, whose public continues to embrace Orientalist ideas. This study maintains that when moderate Islamists are allowed to participate in politics, they will restrain their stances regarding strict interpretations of Islam, as have the New Islamists in Egypt. The alternative is the status quo, which aside from being immoral in terms of personal liberty is also not workable for those desiring stability in the Middle East."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Gallaher, Paul A.
2004-09
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Approach to Vulnerability Assessment for Navy Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems
"The unfortunate events of September 11, 2001 have caused a renewed effort to protect our Nations Critical Infrastructures. SCADA systems are relied upon in a large number of the sectors that make up the critical infrastructure and their importance was reinforced during the massive power outage that occurred in August 2003. Growing reliance upon the Internet has emphasized the vulnerability of SCADA system communications to cyber attack. Only through diligent and continuous vulnerability assessment and certification and accreditation of these systems will the United States be able to mitigate some of the vulnerabilities of these systems. A case study presented here has validated the need for continued focus in this area. This thesis consolidates some of the research that has already been done in the area of SCADA vulnerability assessment and applies it by developing an initial vulnerability assessment checklist for Department of the Navy systems. This checklist can and should also be used in the certification and accreditation of DoN SCADA systems. A promising technology was also discovered during this research that should be explored further to secure SCADA communications. This will be touched on briefly."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Hart, Dennis J.
2004-09
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France, Italy and the 2002/2003 Iraq Crisis
"France opposed the US-led intervention in Iraq in March 2003 while Italy supported it. Domestic dynamics, including popular opinion and growing concern for Muslim sentiment, exerted a secondary influence on those decisions. Other factors that influenced the leaders of France and Italy to take opposing stances on the prospective intervention included security and threat assessments. Discord in US-French relations was exacerbated by disagreements over other international issues, especially the role of the UN Security Council. This thesis assesses the relative weight of these various factors in the French and Italian decisions, and examines the interplay of the key national decisions made by American, French and Italian leaders. The thesis concludes that French and Italian decisions were influenced by factors in addition to the issues in question"-that is, whether the Iraqi regime had complied with the UN Security Council resolutions calling for the elimination of weapons of mass destruction and certain delivery means and, if not, whether the use of force was an appropriate and justified course of action. It also concludes that the severe damage to US--French relations may be overcome as Paris and Washington cooperate in meeting international security responsibilities. The European Unions Common Foreign and Security Policy may face greater challenges, owing to the significant intra-EU differences revealed during the Iraq crisis."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Fenton, Anne Marie
2004-09
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Transformation in the Developing World: An Analysis of Colombia's Security Transformation
"This thesis examines security force transformation issues germane to developing countries, in their attempt to counter emerging threats of international terrorism, insurgency, WMD proliferation and organized crime. Colombia's recent, apparently successful transformation process serves as the case study. This project concludes that the intelligence-based, rapid deployment force (IBRDF) model implemented has contributed significantly to reducing the threat from illegally armed groups (IAGs). Three distinct periods -- military status quo and near defeat (pre-1998), adaptation under President Andres Pastrana (1998-to-2002), and true transformation under President Alvaro Uribe (2002-to-present) -- were assessed to answer how transformation occurred and determine the principle engine behind the change. Although U.S. support for civilian leadership and training of officers facilitated the process, transformation was financed almost entirely by the Colombian government. Overall, research highlights four lessons with broader applicability for other nations: the critical role of civilian leadership; the benefit of existing core competency; the importance of an obedient military leadership that either actively supports the reform or at least acquiesces to it; and the usefulness of foreign assistance in the form of education and training. Corruption and the challenges of police-military cooperation are likely obstacles to the transformation process in developing countries."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Sprunk, Darren D.
2004-09
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Swimming with the Natives: Cultural Immersion and Its Applications for Naval Special Warfare
"The New Enemy hides in the shadows of anonymity. As of September 11, 2001, combat in today's world is much more challenging and requires a better understanding of the enemy and his support infrastructure. There is a renewed interest in human intelligence (HUMINT) as expressed by the US Department of Defense and Intelligence Agencies. But HUMINT is only data collected by human sources about an individual or group of individuals and their activities. Cultural Immersion is a step above mere data collection...it allows its practitioners to understand the thought processes and/or the routines of questionable individuals or groups. Cultural immersion is a skill set that allows missions to develop and execute with smooth transitions. It does not guarantee mission success but certainly assures greater mission success than can be achieved operating without it. Cultural immersion 'equalizes the playing field' when US/Coalition forces are operating in foreign lands against otherwise invisible or immersed enemies. This thesis examines various aspects of cultural immersion, how they relate to warfare, and proposes recommendations for cultural immersion supporting present day Naval Special Warfare (NSW) missions. The intent is to provide decision makers a viable option for actionable intelligence during the Global War on Terrorism."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Jackson, Mathew J.
2004-09
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Sixth Workshop on Education in Computer Security (WECS6): Avoiding Fear, Uncertainty and Doubt Through Effective Security Education
"Naturally, information security educators play an important role in addressing the problems of fear, uncertainty and doubt. We can provide our students with an understanding of system vulnerabilities, the threat agents to whom such vulnerabilities would be attractive, and techniques for mitigating those threats. Even more importantly, our students can be practiced in the critical thinking skills necessary to discern cyber security snake oil and voodoo from sound security architectures and products. It is within this context that we welcome you to the Sixth Workshop on Education in Computer Security (WECS). Our theme this year is 'Avoiding Fear, Uncertainty, and Doubt through Effective Security Education.' The papers contained in this volume present tools and techniques that have been used in undergraduate and graduate settings. Some of the papers describe entire programs or courses, while others present laboratory activities; a few papers explore rather unusual techniques for conveying the cyber security message. The scope of our field continues to expand and this year's workshop includes papers that will broaden our horizons and enrich our teaching. We hope that the readers of this volume will join the conference organizers, authors and participants for future workshops and conferences on information security education."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Murray, William Hugh; Tikekar, Rahul V.; Levin, Timothy E. . . .
2004-07
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Bastion Network Project: A Framework for Conducting Interscholastic Cyber-Exercises
"The Naval Postgraduate School's Center for Information Systems Security Studies and Research (CISR) has developed a small, but realistic network lab--the Bastion Network--that is dedicated to educating students in the myriad elements involved in the secure operation of a computer network. This paper describes the rationale for this network lab, and offers an overview of a simple framework that could accommodate educational network interaction with other schools that have similar IA educational goals, and that have, or may soon acquire, similarly designated labs. The framework describes the essential elements of a memorandum of understanding, and twelve suggested inter-network cyber-exercise scenarios."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Fulp, John D.
2004-07
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Expressing an Information Security Policy within a Security Simulation Game
"The Center for the Information Systems Studies and Research (CISR) at the Naval Postgraduate School has established a broad program in computer and network security education. The program, founded on a core in traditional computer science, is extended by a progression of specialized courses and a broad set of information assurance research projects. A CISR objective has been improvement of information assurance education and training for the U.S. military and government. Pursuant to that objective, CISR is developing a computer simulation game, CyberCIEGE, to teach computer security principles. CyberCIEGE players construct computer networks and make choices affecting the ability of these networks and the game's virtual users to protect valuable assets from attack by both vandals and wellmotivated professionals. CyberCIEGE includes a language for expressing different security related scenarios. A central part of this language is an ability to express a variety of different information security policies."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Irvine, Cynthia E.; Thompson, Michael F.
2004-07
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Capture-the-Flag: Learning Computer Security under Fire
"In this paper, we describe the Capture-the-Flag (CTF) activity and argue that it contributes to a necessary component of the computer security curriculum. This component is the study of software vulnerability investigation. It is currently not properly emphasized in this curriculum. We discuss reasons for this situation and we go on to describe how CTF can be useful for educating students within this focus. CTF helps develop those computer security skills that enable students to identify new vulnerabilities before those with malicious intent find them. It also helps them to hone the core computer security skills."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Eagle, Chris; Clark, John L.
2004-07
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Models for Transmission and Control of Bioterroristic Epidemics
"A deterministic model for control of a bioterrorist epidemic in a large nonhomogeneous population is presented. Primary considerations in model development are the representation of a large nonhomogeneous population of individuals and the implementation of the model for quick numerical execution. The model represents the effect of mass pre-vaccination and mass vaccination during the epidemic. It is recognized that the vaccination can result in life threatening complications. The model also represents the effect of tracing and quarantining as control options. The model has been implemented in Java for a Web-based educational tool. Numerical examples (pp. 12-15) illustrate possible behavior of populations exposed to such a disease as smallpox. Various disease controls such as vaccination and case tracing are studied."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Gaver, Donald P.; Jacobs, Patricia A.; Simons, Robert . . .
2004-07
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Revolt Against the West: A Comparison of the Boxer Rebellion of 1900-1901 & the Current War Against Terror
"This thesis compares the Western response to two radical challenges in eras considerably removed in time: the 1900-1901 Boxer rebellion in China and today's Islamic terror. It brings a much-needed historical perspective to bear in assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the contemporary Western conceptualization of the al-Qaeda and Taliban threat as a "clash of civilizations." It demonstrates that the current struggle against Islamic fundamentalism is not an altogether new challenge to Western interest and values. Al-Qaeda and the Taliban are in the end an expression of the same forces of resistance that also led to the origination of the Boxers in 19th century China. The cultural pressure that the West unavoidably developed by its imperialistic policy in the 19th and early 20th centuries was replaced by the penetration of the world with values, standards and symbols of the Western way of life and civilization in the course of globalization. The West ought to understand that the current terrorist threat is not "the next stage of history," as some scholars erroneously puts it, but a known historical phenomenon in a new form, for which neither the West nor other cultures bear the blame."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Lange, Sven
2004-06
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Spain, the European Union and the United States in the Age of Terror: Spanish Strategic Culture and the Global War on Terror
"This thesis looks beyond the tragic events of 11 March 2004 to uncover the greater Spanish strategic culture that motivates and influences Spain's political elites. By examining the interaction between Spanish conservatives and liberals, discerning the Spanish strategic culture will allow for a greater understanding of the foreign policy implications to both the Spanish-US relationship and Spanish-EU integration after the Madrid bombings. By understanding how Spanish elites make decisions on the utilization of military force with respect to NATO operations and European Union security, this thesis first demonstrates the strategic preferences of the Spanish elites. Secondly, this thesis shows that the collective identity of Spanish elites seeks further influence in regional economic and global policy making. Lastly, this thesis reveals that Spain is in a unique position to develop a strong bilateral relationship with the US while furthering its integration with the EU but is unwilling to support the furthering of cooperation and integration at the expense of Spanish national interests. Uncovering the Spanish strategic culture will provide a possible generalization to whether this event will lead to a shift in the Spanish strategic culture or open a new chapter in the transatlantic relationship. This thesis suggests that the bombings will not redefine the strategic culture of Spain but reinforce Spain's commitment against international terrorism."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Wilkes, Herman L., Jr.
2004-06
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Agent-Based Simulation of Unmanned Surface Vehicles: A Force in the Fleet
From the thesis abstract: "The Navy is considering the use of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) to reduce risk to personnel in maritime interdiction operations, and to conduct intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) and force protection (FP) missions. In this thesis, alternative configurations of the prototype and operational uses of the USV are explored using agent-based simulation for three scenarios. An efficient experiment design alters settings of ten factors for the two ISR scenarios and 11 factors for the FP scenario. Some factors varied in the experiment are uncontrollable during operations, such as the total number of contacts, threat density, their maneuvering characteristics, and the sea state. The USV sensor range and endurance are also considered as well as factors set by the decision-maker for a particular mission: namely, USV speed and numbers to deploy. The results provide several operational and tactical insights with implications for patrolling and combat radius, and form the basis for a recommendation to use the USV in an active role in maritime missions. The results also support the guidance on the benefits of improving USV sensing and endurance capabilities, and find that simply increasing USV numbers is not necessary for attaining high mission performance."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Steele, Melissa J.
2004-06
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New Fight on the Periphery: Pakistan's Military Role in Supporting U.S. National Security Strategy
From the thesis abstract: "This thesis explains the military relationship between the United States and Pakistan in the context of their divergent national security interests. During the Cold War, U.S. concerns focused on the global contest between democracy and communism. In this competition Pakistan was seen as an important ally. However, Pakistan viewed India as its primary threat and considered global ideological concerns as secondary in importance. At times, each country benefited from the other, but neither ever fully met the other's most important needs. The United States did not support Pakistan in its wars with India and Pakistan did not confront communism except to help oust Afghani governments non-compliant with Pakistan's interests. Pakistan's military held power for more than half of Pakistan's existence and became the U.S.' key ally in South Asia. Pakistan's pursuit of nuclear weapons distanced U.S. relations in the post-Cold War environment. The terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 catapulted Pakistan's importance as an ally but at the cost of supporting a military regime and the erosion of a democratic government in Pakistan. This thesis argues that Pakistan's military now shares a relationship with the United States that builds regional stability but which may also hold political consequences in the United States."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Middleton, Samuel L.
2004-06
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Subversion as a Threat in Information Warfare
"As adversaries develop Information Warfare capabilities, the threat of information system subversion presents a significant risk. System subversion will be defined and characterized as a warfare tool. Through recent security incidents, it is shown that means, motive, and opportunity exist for subversion, that this threat is real, and that it represents a significant vulnerability. Mitigation of the subversion threat touches the most fundamental aspect of the security problem: proving the absence of a malicious artifice. A constructive system engineering technique to mitigate the subversion threat is identified."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Anderson, Emory A.; Irvine, Cynthia E.; Schell, Roger R.
2004-06
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Who Networks? The Social Psychology of Virtual Communities
From the thesis abstract: "SOF [special operations force] members must be fully capable (fluent and adept) at operating in, through and upon networks to maximize the leverage of information technologies. Military information operators must possess the components of network capital (access to technology, computer literacy, and social networking ability), a strong tendency to engage in trusting behavior, high cognitive ability and a formal education. Virtual communities offer a mosaic of social behaviors and practices that provide models for virtual organization(s) within the military. Computer-mediated communications technologies (CMCTs) provide an inherently neutral but polymorphic forum for human social interaction (cyberspace). Specific emergent social topology (real or virtual) depends on the local social needs of individuals and/or bounded groups (communities). Because differences in topology are emergent, topological models have little predictive value. Virtual communities are better understood and predicted through analysis of their metadata. Virtual communities can be characterized as open or clandestine, according to their purpose, accessibility, level of trust, and primary mode of connectedness (bonding or bridging ties). Both open and clandestine communities offer methods of ensuring high levels of efficiency, trust, and security within military computer-mediated communications networks, as well as providing models of organizational flexibility that can be adapted to SOF missions and roles."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Kinniburgh, James
2004-06
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Economic Security Environment And Implementation of Planning, Programming, Budgeting, Execution (PPBE) System in Georgia
"This thesis identifies and analyses the main aspects and challenges that have occurred to Georgia's National Security after regaining independence. Economic Security is the initial subject of analysis. The thesis examines the Ministry of Defense as a public sector agency; the problems in government institutions resulting from the old Soviet mentality and the lack of leadership skills in a democratic society which led to Georgia's political crisis and economic decline, as occurs to most countries in transition; specifics about the distribution of financial power in an unstable economic environment decline and the negative effects of instability on defense reform processes, particularly in the implementation of the PPB(E) System. The intent of this research is to explain the interrelationships of harmonious, sustainable growth and PPB(E) as an established system for transparency. The thesis provides a record and explanation of events that caused the current problems in defense planning and the budgeting process as well as recommendations for future improvements to the PPB(E) System in the Georgian Armed Forces (GAF). The main focus is on policy formulation and budget execution; performance; accountability; fiscal discipline; and transparency. The conclusion summarizes the paper, which presented the arguments for successful reforming processes in the GAF, particularly in its medium-term budgeting cycle."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Chiabrishvili, Maia
2004-06
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Information Exchange Architecture for Integrating Unmanned Vehicles into Maritime Missions
From the thesis abstract: "The United States Navy is committed to implementing and using unmanned vehicles (UVs). Battlegroups have deployed and will continue to deploy with UVs because of their potential effectiveness. However, current UV doctrine does not set forth a standardized set of techniques and procedures for UV information exchange during maritime missions. The focus of this study is to analyze the structure of information flow for unmanned systems and suggest an exchange architecture to successfully inform and build decision maker understanding based on data from UVs in support of these missions. Through analysis of the knowledge-information-data (KID) model, and definition of high-level functions and tasks created from fleet input, this thesis develops an IDEF0 and PERT representation. It outlines tasks and roles for successfully accomplishing information exchange from UV payload sensors to tactical decision makers. The study concludes with suggested measures of effectiveness and performance to determine the strength and validity of the architecture."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Woolsey, Aaron L.
2004-06
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CyberCiege Scenario Illustrating Secrecy Issues Through Mandatory and Discretionary Access Control Policies in a Multi-Level Security Network
From the thesis abstract: "User training in computer and network security is crucial to the survival of modern networks, yet the methods employed to train users often seem ineffective. One possible reason is that users are not fully engaged during these training sessions and thus they tend to forget the lessons being taught. The CyberCIEGE game introduces a new method of training in computer and network security. The player engages in a simulation-based network security game, that reflects real-world security principles. Each time the CyberCIEGE game runs, it loads a Scenario Definition File (SDF) written to teach specific security concepts. This thesis developed such a scenario definition file for the CyberCIEGE game. The educational purpose of the scenario is to illustrate secrecy issues in the context of mandatory and discretionary access control in a multilevel networked environment. The primary work of this thesis was to construct the scenario definition file such that playing the resulting game would achieve this educational purpose. This thesis also resulted in the construction of scenario definition files to test the CyberCIEGE game engine for expected results. These tests resulted in several recommendations for improvement in the game engine."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
LaMore, Robert L.
2004-06
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International Cooperative Research and Development Between the United States and France, Germany, and the United Kingdom
From the thesis abstract: "With defense budgets shrinking throughout the world and coalition forces facing interoperability issues while conducting asymmetric warfare in a post Cold-War environment, many nations are seeking ways to acquire economical weapon systems that are interoperable with allies and coalition members. One method of addressing these concerns is International Cooperative Research and Development (ICR&D). This MBA [Master of Business Administration] Project will evaluate the current ICR&D process and make recommendations to enhance the ICR&D process by examining ICR&D between the U.S. and NATO Members, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Case studies were used for comparisons in order to determine the advantages and concerns pertaining to ICR&D and to recommend appropriate ICR&D strategies."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Ratsikas, Georgios; Aponte, Orlando R.; Cavins, Edward M.
2004-06
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'Maintain Course and Speed...' Command and Control for Maritime Homeland Security and Homeland Defense
"Since 11 September 2001, a number of authorities have provided definitions for both Homeland Security (HS) and Homeland Defense (HD), however, as the definitions develop, they provide less functional detail. The most often asked question posed to professionals in the field is "what is the distinction between the Homeland Security mission and the Homeland Defense mission." What they are really asking is, in a particular scenario, "who's in charge of the operation?" "When is it law enforcement, or non-military, and when is it a military operation"? Many have argued that the command structure between the two Services needs to be changed to ensure the seam between HS and HD is minimized. This is a natural approach because command and control is possibly the most important of all operational functions. The objective of this thesis is to argue that the Navy and Coast Guard should not establish a joint interagency command structure for the missions of Homeland Security and Homeland Defense. They should continue to coordinate and support one another, when required, but they should not combine the two Services together into a permanent single organization."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Breor, Scott F.
2004-06
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First Responder Weapons of Mass Destruction Training Using Massively Multiplayer On-line Gaming
"This thesis proposes the development of a Massively Multiplayer On-Line Game (MMOG) to deliver Weapons of Mass Destruction Training to the nation's first responders and civilians. MMOG technology offers a cost effective alternative to existing training methodologies. Existing first responder WMD training often uses traditional in-residence classes. These current training methods are expensive, lack standardization, and do not have provable outcomes. Scaling up existing training to meet the needs of millions of responders would be cost prohibitive. Modern information technologies such as MMOGs offer a safe, efficient, effective and fun alternative mechanism to deliver training. MMOGs could scale to meet the volume of training need at a fraction of the cost of traditional methods. The DoD has proven the effectiveness of simulation games as a training tool, and the use of gaming and simulations is recognized in academia."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Richardson, Thomas J.
2004-06
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Recommendations for Homeland Security Organizational Approaches at the State Government Level
"State governments have been recognized as the fusion point for a significant portion of policy, operational, and implementation activities for homeland security. Additionally, the most critical decisions for allocating resources and prioritizing efforts have been delegated to states. The federal government has required this role of states and has asked them to organize task forces to deal with these challenges but has provided little guidance about how states might establish, administer, and ensure effectiveness of these structures. States have begun to establish decision-making bodies independently, inconsistently, and with few measurements to evaluate effectiveness. This thesis provides a roadmap to success for individual state organizational approaches for Homeland Security. The recommendations are based upon an analysis of directives, expectations, national strategies, existing approaches and a case study of one state's efforts. The call for organizing for the war on terror is acknowledged, accepted, and for the most part, vigorously answered. But how the nation's states organize and to what ends their resources are applied will determine national and even international victory in this war. This project provides a model charter, recommended outcomes and outputs for a state structure, and several policy considerations for the State of Washington's Homeland Security infrastructure."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Woodbury, Glen L.
2004-06
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Albania's Counter-Terrorism Policy Options: Finding a Strategy of Common Sense
"This research will assess the counter-terrorism policy options available to Albanian authorities. As part of this investigation, it will consider the nature of the terrorism threat, review the counter-terrorism policies that have been pursued in the past, and weigh the strengths and weaknesses of the current policy. These elements will provide background for an analysis of the available policy models on the basis of four main criteria: 1) political feasibility; 2) legal and constitutional constraints; 3) foreign policy objectives and 4) effectiveness. The state policy options this study will analyze can be placed under four broad categories: a) deterrence through hard line measures including military operation and emergency powers; b) co-option and conciliation; c) pursuit of sanctuary or a passive policy; or d) deterrence via criminal justice. All these options might be plausibly implemented by Albania; indeed they have been used at different times in different countries. The working hypothesis of this investigation is that a policy based mainly on deterrence through criminal justice will be the most effective way to counter the internal threats that Albania faces while improving the country's international standing."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Gjiknuri, Damian
2004-06
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CyberCIEGE Scenario Illustrating Multilevel Secrecy Issues in an Air Operations Center Environment
"CyberCIEGE provides an addition to traditional Information Assurance (IA) education in the form of an interactive, entertaining, commercial-grade PC-based computer game. Educational objectives are contained in scenarios that serve to teach particular IA concepts. The details of a scenario are contained in a Scenario Definition File (SDF), which is written in the CyberCIEGE Scenario Definition Language. This language is rich enough to express a range of information security policies and operational data access requirements, resulting in a nearly limitless pool of possible scenarios. This thesis developed a playable scenario illustrating confidentiality protection concepts in an open storage environment modeled after an Air Operations Center. Educational goals include physical protection of high value assets and use of strong authentication policies to protect moderate value assets. The major work of this thesis was designing an SDF to reflect a military information security policy and work flow environment contained in the educational goals. The confirmation of the proper operation of selected aspects of the CyberCIEGE game engine, and the assurance that the SDF confronts the player with the security trade-offs occurred through the application of a testing methodology. The creation of detailed solutions and incorrect gameplay examples constitute this testing process."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Meyer, Marc K.
2004-06
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Metrics for Success: Using Metrics in Exercises to Assess the Preparedness of the Fire Service in Homeland Security
"The Fire Service is at an important crossroads in its history. The increasing threat of terrorism, along with the need for the Fire Service to make a major contribution to the Homeland Security effort, compels firefighters to expand upon their traditional mission requirements. They must deepen and widen the skills they possess for responding to all hazard incidents, and must also cover the terroristic events and weapons of mass destruction incidents that are inevitable during this war on terrorism. This will only be possible if the Fire Service embraces major conceptual changes in the way that it trains and exercises its members. In many respects, that exercise and training system is excellent and serves as a model for other disciplines. In other ways, however, it tends to be flawed and burdensome, preventing the Fire Service from taking major strides forward in its training efforts - especially with respect to the use of metrics to objectively evaluate performance capabilities for Homeland Security-related operations, and the embedding of assessment techniques in a broader system to provide for improved performance. This thesis examines the current approach taken by the Fire Service to training and exercising, especially in the Fire Department of New York (FDNY), and identifies gaps and problems in those existing systems. Then, the thesis examines relevant "best practices" from the United States Military and the private sector that might be applied to the shortfalls in Fire Service training and exercising. The remainder of the thesis proposes changes to the training and exercise system, designed to make a measurable, sustained impact on the capabilities of the fire service to accomplish Homeland Security and traditional mission requirements."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Doherty, Vincent J.
2004-06
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Homeland Security Lessons for the United States
After the attacks of September 11, 2001, officials of the United States government realized that this was a new type of war that would be fought on all fronts, including inside the United States. For this reason, the Bush Administration reorganized a large part of the bureaucracy and spent billions of dollars to protect its citizens. This problem of terrorism, however, is a global problem and one that the United States shares with countries all over the world. The People's Republic of China and Singapore are the focus of this thesis in order to determine what if any homeland security policies developed by their governments could be used to better protect citizens of the United States. Several policies such as legislation, education and internal security measures were evaluated for the United States to institute. Each chosen policy is followed by a brief description of how these laws might come into being within the U.S. governmental system.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Farr, Matthew A.
2004-06
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Homeland Security Advisory System
From the thesis abstract: "In March of 2002, through the Homeland Security Presidential Directive 3, the Homeland Security Advisory System (HSAS) was developed. The original intent of the HSAS was to provide a warning mechanism for the federal government; other state and local agency responses were voluntary. However, the intent expanded to include a warning system for local, state, federal agencies, the private sector and the general public. Five orange alerts later, the confusion continues with a mix of complacency and misunderstanding. State and local officials complain about the general nature of the intelligence and the lack of specificity directed at regions or targets. The cost of orange protective measures is adding up into the billions of dollars. Warnings specific to New York City have a different value in Utah. Solutions require a new federal intelligence culture with a new name and location under the direction of the Department of Homeland Security distributing specific intelligence. We need highly trained intelligence analysts working with multi-agency state or metropolitan fusion centers. The media should help in educating the public on the HSAS and promoting volunteer organizations, encouraging participation to assist in Homeland Security and to reduce the fear of a catastrophic event. Customized HSAS should be developed for each community, state and private sector business to better utilize protective resources. Protective measures should be implemented with specific intelligence to support the elevation of the HSAS."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Behunin, Scott M.
2004-06
