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Medical Management of Chemical Casualties: Pulmonary Agents
The objectives in this presentation on pulmonary agents are: a historical perspective, general issues related to toxic exposure, agents and their source, mechanism, clinical effects and therapy. The history of pulmonary agents begins in 1899 when the Hague Convention bans CW. The relevance of pulmonary agents is discussed along with related compounds. Anatomy (physiology), agent distribution, protective mechanisms, clinical examples, physical assessment, and clinical considerations are all outlined in this presentation. Among the agents discussed are chlorine and phosgene, which combined, accounted for 80% of fatalities from chemical agent exposure in World War I.
United States. Department of Defense
2001
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Triage and Field Management (USAMRICD Presentation)
This presentation will describe components of casualty decon site; discuss some principles of decontamination; define triage; discuss the role of Triage Officer; review categories of triage; and identify the triage category of a chemical casualty given the agent and severity of exposure.
United States. Department of Defense
2001
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Guidelines for Use of Personal Protective Equipment by Law Enforcement Personnel During a Terrorist Chemical Agent Incident
The challenges facing law enforcement officers vary greatly between those of a hazardous materials (HazMat) incident and a deliberate attack using chemical agents. The CWIRP
undertook this study to characterize these challenges in terms that are understandable to the law enforcement departments and individuals that may find themselves in these situations. In doing so, the CWIRP has attempted to identify and evaluate various personal protective equipment (PPE) alternatives that law enforcement officials may choose to use based on the types of missions being performed at the incident scene. Primary consideration was given to the protection of patrol officers operating on the perimeters of the incident and performing necessary
crowd control and security functions as well as tactical teams that may be called on to perform operations inside of the Warm Zone. Protective clothing options for bomb technicians are basically limited due to the inherent dangers associated with the mission. The CWIRP did not identify any alternative protective ensembles beyond the already available chemical/biological (C/B) bomb suit. It is the Program's intent to provide law enforcement officials with sufficient information to make informed decisions about how to equip their departments for responding to
a chemical terrorist attack.
U.S. Army Chemical and Biological Defense Command
2001-06
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Alternative Health Care Facility: Concept of Operations for the Off-Site Triage, Treatment, and Transportation Center (OST3C) Mass Casualty Care Strategy for a Chemical Terrorism Incident
The Chemical Weapons Improved Response Program (CWIRP) has developed an alternative health care facility, herein referred to as the Off-site Triage, Treatment, and Transportation Center (OST3C or Center). This facility will supplement a community's existing health care system in managing the overwhelming number of casualties, both actual and psychosomatic, following a terrorist incident. Specifically the OST3C is meant to care for those patients who have been triaged 'Minimal' at the scene, those patients who are worried that they might have been exposed, and those who self-refer to the Center. The Concept of Operations for the Off-Site Triage, Treatment, and Transportation Center was written to assist planners, administrators, responders, medical professionals, public health, and emergency management personnel better prepare for and provide mass casualty care. This document presents the philosophy of care for the OST3C as well as operational planning considerations. The OST3C Concept of Operations is meant to be flexible and modular. The intention of this document is to provide jurisdictions with a basic understanding of the OST3C so that they can customize the concept to fit their specific needs and incorporate their version of the Center into the larger response effort.
U.S. Army Chemical and Biological Defense Command
2001-03
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Medical Disaster Conference
The Medical Disaster Conference held at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire, on June 13-15, 2001 was designed to address recommendations for the application of emerging technologies for counter-terrorism and discuss ongoing work concerning response strategies for biological incidents. The conference focused on two key goals: 1) developing a resource, logistic, and command and control strategy to respond to different scales of biological incidents, and 2) conceptualizing a future biological response system that employs distributed command and control, telemedicine, and robotics. Communities and military bases throughout the country would benefit from a practical resource and logistics response strategy that also includes plans for future technological advancements. As a result of the conference, participants were able to devise a regional response concept for identifying, obtaining, and applying response resources in the timeframe dictated by the temporal sequence of consequences during the course of a biological incident. The concept, based on the rapid integration of diverse resources, requires local, state, and federal agencies to plan and understand the strategy before an event. Participants also developed a biological response resource and allocation model and a long-term strategy that centers on a national distributed command and control system and simulator. The system is designed to integrate response and communication at the local, state, and federal levels. A distributed command and control system would provide a platform for advanced cybercare systems to reduce the impact of a biological incident by providing rapid detection, identification, and treatment. It was suggested that the near and long-term strategies be adopted as a national strategy for responding to biological terrorism. A 10-point action plan was developed to assist with the implementation of this national strategy.
U.S. Army Chemical and Biological Defense Command
2001-06
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Acute Care Center: A Mass Casualty Care Strategy for Biological Terrorism Incidents
The purpose of this pamphlet is to provide basic information on the mass casualty care concept known as the Acute Care Center (ACC). The ACC is one component of a disaster medical system developed by the Domestic Preparedness Biological Weapons Improved Response Program (BWIRP). The system is intended to assist emergency planners and health care providers in planning and coordinating an effective medical response following a large-scale terrorism attack involving the use of a biological weapon in a civilian community. The concept represents one approach that addresses a response to a major noncontagious BW incident. The information contained in this pamphlet is not a final solution but can be tailored for individual community application. A more comprehensive description of the ACC can be found in the Concept of Operations for the Acute Care Center.
U.S. Army Chemical and Biological Defense Command
2001-12
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Guidelines for Cold Weather Mass Decontamination During a Terrorist Chemical Agent Incident (Final Report)
This report provides guidance on cold weather mass decontamination procedures for emergency responders. All methods discussed in this report are potential options under extreme circumstances. As the ambient air temperature decreases, some wet decontamination processes, while potentially life-saving, present risks that must be balanced against the hazards posed by the chemical agents. The guidelines presented in this document are intended to provide responders with mass decontamination options based on decreasing ambient air temperatures. These recommendations were developed with input from cold weather experts and rescue personnel. Responders should use whatever resources are available in time of need and should select the fastest method available because decontamination is most effective when performed immediately. The key to successful decontamination is to use the fastest approach that will cause the least harm and do the most good for the majority of the people. Despite misconceptions among responders, the risk of hypothermia as a result of cold weather mass casualty decontamination is minimal. Less well recognized is the risk of cold shock, which can be minimized by following the recommended guidelines presented in the report (see 6.0, Conclusions and Recommendations: The Bottom Line). Special populations, such as the elderly and the very young, should be given priority for limited resources such as blankets and indoor shelter because of limited or impaired ability to maintain body temperature. Regardless of the ambient temperature, people who have been exposed to a known life-threatening level of chemical contamination should disrobe, undergo decontamination with copious amounts of high-volume, low-pressure water or alternative decontamination method, and be sheltered as soon as possible.
U.S. Army Chemical and Biological Defense Command
2002-01
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Advantages of Using a Negative Pressure Respirator Hood: Guidance On The Use Of Hoods With Chemical Protective Respirators And Chemical Protective Suits
The U.S. Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command (SBCCOM) conducts tests to measure the protection that chemical protective ensembles provide against vapor exposure of the skin. These tests are called Man-In-Simulant Tests (MIST). Although a negative pressure respirator hood does not significantly increase respiratory protection, it does protect the skin about the head and neck from vapor exposure. This is particularly true when the respirator hood is worn in combination with a suit hood. Our testing shows that when the respirator hood is tucked down into the neck opening of the protective suit, and the protective suit hood is worn over the respirator hood, protection against vapor exposure is significantly increased. We call this hood configuration double-hooded. The double-hooded configuration significantly reduces vapor exposure about the head, neck, ears, and backs of the cheeks. In these body regions, the skin absorbs many vapors faster than it does in many other body regions. Therefore, vapor exposures about the head present greater hazards than vapor exposures in many other regions of the body. Wearing a suit hood over the respirator hood, with the respirator hood tucked down into the neck opening of the protective suit, provides significantly better protection of the overall individual against vapor exposures. We recommend that a negative pressure respirator hood always be worn with Level C chemical protective suit ensembles, even if the suit has an attached hood. When used in the double-hooded configuration, two protective hoods are better than one for skin protection about the neck and cheeks.
U.S. Army Chemical and Biological Defense Command
2002
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FEMA Weapons of Mass Destruction Study Course: Instructor Guide: Orientation and Exercise Course G 310.01
As part of its strategy to execute its mission, FEMA's Emergency
Management Institute (EMI) has developed a series of courses,
consisting of three sessions, which simulate the types of challenges
faced by local communities following a WMD terrorist incident. The sessions are designed to help you analyze, discuss and identify
your jurisdiction's needs. This course involves nuclear terrorism, as well as a radiological scenario and chemical scenarios (Sarin and and VX), and a biological (anthrax) scenario. The primary purpose of this course is to improve the ability of
local governments to prepare for, manage, and respond to mass
casualty terrorism incidents involving the use of WMD.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2001
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2000 Emergency Response: A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident
The 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG2000) was developed jointly by Transport Canada (TC), the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and the Secretariat of Transport and Communications of Mexico (SCT) for use by fire fighters, police, and other emergency services personnel who may be the first to arrive at the scene of a transportation incident involving dangerous goods. It is primarily a guide to aid first responders in quickly identifying the specific or generic hazards of the material(s) involved in the incident, and protecting themselves and the general public during the initial response phase of the incident. This guidebook will assist responders in making initial decisions upon arriving at the scene of a dangerous goods incident. It should not be considered as a substitute for emergency response training, knowledge or sound judgment. ERG2000 does not address all possible circumstances that may be associated with a dangerous goods incident. It is primarily designed for use at a dangerous goods incident occurring on a highway or railroad. ERG2000 incorporates dangerous goods lists from the most recent United Nations Recommendations as well as from other international and national regulations. Explosives are not listed individually by either proper shipping name or ID Number. They do, however, appear under the general heading "Explosives" on the first page of the ID Number index (yellow-bordered pages) and alphabetically in the Name of Material index (blue-bordered pages). Also, the letter "P" following the guide number in the yellow-bordered and bluebordered pages identifies those materials which present a polymerization hazard under certain
conditions; for example, Acrolein, inhibited, Guide 131P. A searchable version of this guidebook, as well as a spanish edition, is available at http://hazmat.dot.gov/gydebook.htm.
United States. Department of Transportation
2000
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NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
The NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards is intended as a source of general industrial hygiene information for workers, employers, and occupational health professionals. The Pocket Guide presents key information and data in abbreviated tabular form for 677 chemicals or substance groupings (e.g., manganese compounds, tellurium compounds, inorganic tin compounds, etc.) that are found in the work environment. The industrial hygiene information found in the Pocket
Guide should help users recognize and control occupational chemical hazards. The chemicals or substances contained in this revision include all substances for which the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has recommended exposure limits (RELs) and those with permissible exposure limits (PELs) as found in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
General Industry Air Contaminants Standard (29 CFR 1910.1000).
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2000
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Case Narrative: An Nasiriyah Southwest Ammunition Storage Point: Final Report
Many veterans of the Gulf War have expressed concern that their unexplained illnesses may result from their experiences in that war. In response to veterans' concerns, the Department of Defense established a task force in June 1995 to investigate those incidents and
circumstances relating to possible causes. The Office of the Special Assistant to the Deputy Secretary of Defense for Gulf War Illnesses assumed responsibility for these investigations on November 12, 1996. Case Narratives are reports of what we know today about specific events that took place during the Gulf War of 1990 and 1991. This particular case narrative focuses on the
An Nasiriyah Southwest Ammunition Storage Point and whether chemical warfare agents, chemical weapons, or biological weapons were stored there during Desert Storm and the post-war US occupation. The narrative was initially published on July 30, 1998. Since that time, the Office of the Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses has not received any new
information which contradicts the material presented here, nor have any additional leads developed to change the narrative's assessments. Additionally, the Presidential Special
Oversight Board reviewed the narrative and recommended that the Office of the Special Assistant republish it as final. For this reason, this is a final report.
United States. Department of Defense
2000-01-10
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Customs Service Modernization: Automated Commercial Environmental Progressing, but Further Acquisition Management Improvements Needed: Report to Congressional Committees
The U.S. Customs Service is conducting a multiyear, multibillion dollar project, the Automated Commercial Environment (ACE), a new trade processing system that is planned to support effective and efficient movement of goods into the United States. By congressional mandate, Customs' expenditure plans for ACE must meet certain conditions, including being reviewed by GAO. This study addresses whether Customs' latest plan satisfies these conditions and provides observations about the plan and Customs' efforts to implement GAO's open recommendations for improving ACE management. To ensure that Customs is positioned to effectively manage the acquisition of ACE, GAO is making recommendations to the commissioner aimed at improving Customs' acquisition management capabilities. Customs concurred with GAO's recommendations and described specific actions that it is taking to respond to each.
United States. General Accounting Office
2003-02
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1999: Environment
The U.S. environmental industry is a diverse collection of services
and technologies struggling in a highly competitive and mature domestic
market. Today, U.S. environmental practices are not simply the products
of a distinct industrial sector, but rather reflect good business decisions in
all sectors. The shift to prevention rather than cleanup has resulted in a
flat domestic U.S. market. This has forced the environmental industry to
look internationally for growth and opportunities, primarily in
developing nations. These nations have huge demands for infrastructure
projects, especially solid waste disposal, wastewater treatment, and the
production of potable water. Because of cultural differences, limited
resources, and uncertainty within the market, however, U.S. industry
does not appear to have a competitive advantage.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
1999
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1999: Land Combat Systems
Existing ground combat platforms represent the most technically
sophisticated, lethal, and survivable fleet of weapons systems in any
military force, past or present. The land combat vehicle (LCV) industry,
however, is in decline, characterized by low production rates,
constrained demand, and uncertainty over new technologies. A high
degree of global competition complicates market strategies. Corporate
survival depends on seeking efficiencies through downsizing, expanding
product lines, negotiating mergers and partnerships, and adapting current
processes for low-rate, high-mix production. Despite these strategies,
substantial, costly overcapacity remains, which could translate into
monies for research and development (R&D). Current production
contracts can sustain the industry for 5 years, but without a consensus
for new vehicle manufacture or a robust modernization program, the
industry may not retain a viable manufacturing capability in the future.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
1999
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1998: Education
Education is important to the US because it develops our most
valuable resource, our people. It provides our youth the basic knowledge
necessary to function productively in our society; it bridges the learning
environment and the work place; it prepares working adults to transition
from one work experience to another; and it is the foundation of our
democratic form of government. As we approach the 21 st century, the
ability of our current system of education to adequately perform those
roles has been questioned. Our schools must shed the outmoded methods
they have used for more than 150 years to respond to emerging
technological advances, changes in the American economy, and
increasing global interdependence. Although myriad solutions to the
perceived ills of America's education systems have been proposed and
attempted, none have proven universally satisfactory.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
1998
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1998: Energy
Energy is a global commodity and the lifeblood of modern
economies. Prosperity in America depends on our ability to manage
energy to strengthen the competitiveness of our economy, protect our
environment, and keep our nation secure. Reliable and affordable energy
supplies maintain the lifestyle Americans enjoy. The study group is
proud to report that the US energy industry is vibrant, strong, and
dynamic. This report is forward-looking in that it addresses the
significant challenges facing the nation during the next 20 years and
recommends policy for future action. The group's recommendations
focus on the following goals: proactive support to the energy industry,
balancing economic prosperity with environmental protection, and
ensuring international energy security. Additionally, the group offers
specific thoughts on securing the energy resources in the new frontier of
the Caspian Basin.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
1998
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1998: Construction
The construction industry is the nation's largest manufacturing
sector. It experienced its seventh year of growth in 1997. Competition is
extremely keen both at home and abroad with many small firms and a
few large, globally competitive firms at the top. There is continued
consolidation among mid-sized firms as larger firms have adopted
acquisition and diversification as a strategy for growth. Globally, despite
the economic slowdown in Asia, the US remains competitive on the
strength of its design and management firms and their use of information
technology and innovative construction methods.
Our nation's infrastructure remains in need of critical repair and
expansion. With the advent of balanced federal budgets, there is a
growing willingness to fund these projects. Privatization and Design-
Build-Operate variations are also keys to funding this development.
Firms that can bring risk sharing, financing, and engineering expertise to
the table will retain a competitive advantage. Technology advancement is
necessary to keep costs in check in overhead and construction.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
1998
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1998: Environment
The US environmental industry is a diffuse collection of
services, manufacturers, and other resources - - more than 115,000 firms
and organizations in a $450 billion global market. It is becoming less a
distinct industrial sector and more a better business practice. For years,
domestic pollution remediation dominated the industry. The progress of
domestic cleanup and the fact that pollution prevention is often cheaper
than remediation have refocused market opportunities overseas in
pollution avoidance. Amidst this evolution, the US and other nations
agreed in Kyoto in 1997 to fight global warming by reducing greenhouse
gas emissions. This report addresses the state of the environmental
industry and the impacts of implementing the Kyoto agreement in terms
of competitiveness, market opportunities, and national security. It speaks
to evolving and interrelated challenges in deploying new technologies,
penetrating foreign markets, establishing and enforcing standards, and
gaining multilateral cooperation.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
1998
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1998: Electronics
The electronics industry is multifaceted - from children's game
software to elements of major weapons systems. It includes many of the
most innovative and profitable companies in the US, but embodies some
of the biggest problems facing the nation--a paucity of trained technical
workers; issues of market control; problems associated with rapid
obsolescence, particularly of military components; and concerns about
international alliances and national power. The computer and
semiconductor sectors are among the most robust in the world,
generating billions in profits and ushering hundreds of millions of people
into the 21 st century. Computers are becoming ubiquitous; soon it will be
practically impossible to tell where the computer ends and the home
appliance, entertainment unit, medical apparatus or communications
device begins. The software sector continues to feature innovation and
excitement unknown in most industries. It is impossible to imagine any
realm of life that the electronics industry is not changing profoundly.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
1998
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1998: Biotechnology
The US continues to be the dominant leader in the field of
biotechnology. Discovery and innovation have resulted in significant
enhancements to our quality of life and contributed considerably to our
current economic posture making American biotechnology the
benchmark for society. As we enter the next century, our robust
economy will continue to be the preeminent pillar of our National
Security Strategy with biotechnology playing a key role in sustaining the
US economy. However, success within the biotechnology industry does
not come without failure. The industry is undergoing a dynamic period
of competition, cooperation, and collaboration as it struggles to achieve
economic efficiencies. Governments and industry are achieving
significant progress, but problems relating to international acceptance,
financing, and the more difficult ethical arguments remain.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
1998
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1998: Aircraft
The domestic aircraft industry is one of the US strongest strategic
assets that underpins our national defense and economic power. The
strength of US national security strategy rests on America's unmatched
heavy lift and combat airpower. Aircraft production is a crucial
component of the economy, generating 1.2% of GDP and 6.5% of US
export sales. The global industry is coping with significant restructuring,
shrinking supplier base, increased international competition, and
divergent market trends for commercial and military aircraft, and
changing government roles. The industry restructuring is occurring as
companies merge and shed noncore business activities to reduce costs
and become more competitive in the global market. Some countries are
undergoing increased privatization of their industries, while others are
dealing with an expanded government role in protecting key industrial
capabilities. This analysis focuses on these challenges and their impact
on the fixed wing, rotary wing, and engine sectors of the industry.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
1998
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1997: Information
The ability to access and use information is a prerequisite for economic
prosperity and national power. As information systems permeate all aspects
of business, society, and warfare, they enhance the productivity of U.S.
industry, change the way people live, and contribute to a revolution in
military affairs. Maintaining U.S. leadership will require the utmost in
technology and business acumen in a dynamic economy with accelerating
product life cycles and increasingly sophisticated global competition.
Projections indicate the information industry is well poised for the
challenges of the 21st century, facilitated by government advocacy of open
markets, deregulation, privatization, establishment of global trade rules, and
a vision for the future. However, additional effort is required in developing a
world class education system for the 21st century work force and
establishing policies for data assurance. The industry is well prepared to
support U.S. security needs. The nation that leads the information revolution
will also be a most powerful nation.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Abbott, Gerald
1997
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1997: Health Care
A healthy population is a national resource that contributes to the
overall productivity of the American economy. Health care is part of the
service sector and an instrument of national power--a fundamental
support of the national security strategy for the citizens and the Armed
Forces. The challenges facing the health care industry in the public and
defense sectors are congruent. Access to affordable, quality care is
fundamental to any health care delivery system. In this era of constrained
and competing resources, the need arises for a general public policy
debate about the future of health care and the possibility for, and
direction of, a gradual, but comprehensive reform. The greatest
challenge to military medical capability is maintaining the resources,
structure, modernization, and sustainability of medical assets, including
the right people, training, and equipment. But an even greater challenge
to the industry is to remember that the patient and human need are its
"raison d'etre."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Abbott, Gerald
1997
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1997: Environment
For the past twenty years, the energy picture in the United States has
been colored largely by the oil shortages of the 1970s. The next twenty
years are likely to be framed by an increasingly difficult clash between
economic growth and environmental protection. This report recommends
scientific study to better estimate the health and environmental effects of
energy production methods and use, including a reevaluation of nuclear
energy; public debate on the alternatives, and taxes to compensate for
adverse environmental effects. Moreover, to ensure the global
effectiveness of these measures, we suggest treating them as national
issues first. We propose a concentration of federal research and
development in basic energy research and development in basic cnergy
research with greater international collaboration; and we urge
government to discontinue the strategic petroleum reserve and accelerate
the deregulation of natural gas and electricity. Finally, we suggest
alternative strategies for supplying the nation's defense energy needs.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Abbott, Gerald
1997
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1997: Land Combat Systems
The end of the Cold War and consequent easing of international
tension suggests that the United States now faces less possibility of long-
term or large-scale military conflict. This perception and the call for
reaping a "peace dividend" from the fall of Communism in Europe
convinced decisionmakers to reduce the defense budget and the size of
U.S. military forces commensurate with the perception of a reduced
requirement for armed forces. This general demobilization and the
accompanying shift of resources away from defense procurement results
in a significantly smaller Land Combat Systems industrial base that must
look to government for a rationale to ensure its survival. In the absence
of a strong vision, this industry will continue to shrink--possibly at the
risk of extinction.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Abbott, Gerald
1997
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1997: Munitions
Current defense planning is predicated on the overlap of two short
(less than 90 days) major regional contingencies. We believe the current
U.S. munitions stockpile, coupled with the production of precision
weaponry, appears marginally adcquate to meet this requirement.
However, trends point to a time in the near future when the U.S. Munitions
Industrial Base (MIB) might not be capable of sustaining the quality and
quantity of munitions required in a prolonged national emergency such as
a short war "gone long." Clearly, the munitions industry is at a critical
juncture. It can be allowed to atrophy or, in partnership with government,
adapt and remain a viable element of our nation's defense. Prudent ways
must be found to keep a minimal MIB capability aimed at producing
preferred munitions, leveraging the stockpile through weapons
enhancements and streamlined logistics systems, aggressive research and
development (R&D) funding, greater global competitiveness, and ensuring
a postconflict rapid munitions replenishment.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Abbott, Gerald
1997
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1997: Financial Services
With an innovative and competitive financial services industry and
with the nation's public finances in their best condition since the 1960s,
the financial underpinnings of the U.S. economy and national defense
are secure. The U.S. industry is the preeminent and worldwide leader in
financial services, a technological pacesetter and market innovator. The
government can ensure continued U.S. leadership in the global economic
community by pressing for more open markets and legislating increased
harmony among regulatory regimes. It also has an important leadership
role to play in the coming international struggle to regulate trade and
electronic cash on the Internet. Financial markets are operating in a new
economy marked by technologies and global boundaries that are
increasingly beyond the scope of regulatory authorities to understand or
control.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Abbott, Gerald
1997
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1997: Space
Space systems facilitate a multitude of services and applications for
government, industry, and consumers. The possibilities increase as the
space industry shifts from a government to a market dominated industry.
Efficiency, economy of scale, standardization, and "better, cheaper, faster"
products are characteristic of the industry's new space systems
development, production and operation. Services provided by space
systems today (e.g., telecommunications), are driving change and market
demand. New applications are envisioned for the future as access to space
becomes more reliable and affordable. Such access will eventually be
routine. International cooperation between nations on civil programs, and
international partnerships in commercial ventures, are becoming the rule
for space activities, that increasingly serve political and social as well as
economic purposes. The industry has come of age.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Abbott, Gerald
1997
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1997: Shipbuilding
United States shipyards build the best military ships in the world.
However, the demand for naval vessels is currently very low, and it is
unlikely to increase. Large military oriented yards have substantial
capacity beyond national security requirements. Historically, political
influence has ensured their survival, but future budgetary constraints
may supersede this political influence. Several yards are attempting to
reestablish themselves in the commercial market, but excessive
overhead, lack of market identity, inefficient management, outdated
production, and marginal capital investment and foreign subsidies make
it difficult for them to compete in the international marketplace. The
United States must choose between continued reliance on reduced
military procurement and government support or on efforts to create a
level playing field. On such a field, U.S. shipbuilders could improve
productivity and efficiency as needed to develop a competitive position
in a nonsubsidized international environment.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Abbott, Gerald
1997
