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• K-12 Education: Student Population Has Significantly Diversified, but Many Schools Remain Divided Along Racial, Ethnic, and Economic Lines, Report to the Chairman, Committee on Education and Labor, House of Representatives

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  From the Government Accountability Office (GAO) Highlights: "It is widely recognized that a history of discriminatory practices has contributed to inequities in education, intertwined with disparities in wealth, income, and housing. Because district boundaries typically define the schools a student can attend and public education is partially funded by local property tax revenues, lower-income communities generally have fewer resources available for schools. For example, GAO previously reported that students who are poor, Black, and Hispanic generally attend schools with fewer resources and worse outcomes. GAO was asked to examine the prevalence and growth of segregation in K-12 [kindergarten through twelfth grade] public schools. This report examined the extent of (1) racial, ethnic, and economic divisions in K-12 public schools, and (2) district secession and any resulting student demographic shifts. To determine the extent of divisions along racial, ethnic, and economic lines in schools, GAO analyzed demographic data from Education's Common Core of Data by school type, region, and community type, covering school years 2014-15 to 2020-21, the most recent available data since GAO last reported on this topic in 2016. To identify the number and location of districts that seceded from school year 2009-10 through 2019-20, GAO analyzed and compared school district data from the Common Core of Data for the new and remaining districts in the year after secession to identify and describe any differences in demographic and socioeconomic characteristics."

  United States. Government Accountability Office

  2022-06
• Pandemic Has Exacerbated Housing Instability for Renters of Color

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  From the Document: "There has been a long history of housing insecurity for people of color in the United States due to racially targeted policies and widespread discrimination, particularly within the rental housing market. These policies and practices continue to keep people of color in poverty. In 2019, before the coronavirus pandemic hit, an estimated 34 million individuals were living in poverty in the United States, with Black and Latinx people experiencing higher rates of poverty than whites. Native American, Black, and Latinx renters were also more likely to be extremely low income. During the coronavirus pandemic, disparities by race have persisted: Renters of color report having less confidence in their ability to pay rent and experiencing greater difficulties staying current on rent compared with their white counterparts. It is clear that the coronavirus pandemic is affecting renters of color differently, exacerbating past inequality, and leading the path to a future of worsening inequality." This material was published by the Center for American Progress.

  Center for American Progress

  Lake, Jaboa Shawntaé, 1991-

  2020-10-30
• Effects of Covid-19 on Latin America's Economy

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  From the Document: "As in the rest of the world, Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] has inflicted considerable pain in Latin America, both economically and socially. Prior to the pandemic, the region's gross domestic product (GDP) was expected to grow at a rate of 1.8 percent in 2020, a modest recovery from the 0.2 percent growth [hyperlink] observed in 2019. Owing to the pandemic, however, the region's economy will instead contract by an estimated 8.1 percent this year, according to the International Monetary Fund's latest forecast. And while recovery is expected next year, its extent is likely to be limited, leaving economic output well below the pre-Covid level by the end of 2021. The potential for 'scarring' and solvency concerns further weigh on the Latin American outlook, while upside potential exists from technological breakthroughs in treatments and vaccines, which would allow for stronger global growth and regional performance. Concerted government intervention will be required to assess the pandemic's impact on poverty and inequality in the region."

  Center for Strategic and International Studies (Washington, D.C.)

  Cottani, Joaquín Alberto

  2020-11
• Local Government Corrections Expenditures, FY 2005-2011

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  "Preliminary data indicate that local governments spent $26.4 billion on corrections in 2011. Local corrections expenditures fund jails and juvenile institutions that house both sentenced offenders and defendants awaiting trial. These expenditures also cover the community supervision of offenders. Between 2005 and 2011, local government corrections expenditures fluctuated between $25.8 billion and $28.4 billion. Data from the Census Bureau's Annual Survey of Government Finances provide further detail. Financial data for fiscal years 2005 to 2010 were inflation-adjusted to 2011 constant dollars."

  United States. Office of Justice Programs

  Kyckelhahn, Tracey

  2013-12
• U.S.-Mexico Migration Discussions: A Historic Opportunity, Hearing Before the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, First Session, September 7, 2001

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  From the opening statement of Edward M. Kennedy. "It is a privilege to chair this hearing on the important issue of U.S.-Mexico migration. I commend President Bush and President Fox for their leadership and their commitment to work together to address this critical challenge. Few issues so profoundly affect the ties between our two countries. I look forward to the testimony of our distinguished witnesses, and I commend Dr. Papademetriou and Dr. Fernandez de Castro, representing the U.S.-Mexico Migration Panel, whose insightful report-'U.S.-Mexico Migration: A Shared Responsibility'-has provided both of our governments with a basic framework for the migration discussions. We know there is broad support in our country today for fair and balanced immigration reform that will benefit both immigrant workers and their families, and employers as well. I am pleased to see labor and business, conservative and liberal groups, faith-based and secular groups here together in support of comprehensive immigration reform. My hope is that we will be able to achieve lasting and long overdue reforms, and I look forward to working with all of you in the weeks ahead. America has a proud tradition of welcoming immigrants. Throughout our history, immigrants have contributed significantly to the strength of our country, and we owe a great deal to Mexican nationals and immigrants from throughout the world. Today, many industries depend overwhelmingly on immigrant labor. Yet, many immigrants are undocumented. They live in constant fear of deportation and are easy targets of abuse and exploitation by unscrupulous employers." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Sam Brownback, Orrin G. Hatch, Edward M. Kennedy, Patrick J. Leahy, Arlen Specter, Rafael Fernandez de Castro, Ralston H. Deffenbaugh, Thomas J. Donohue, Grover Norquist, Stephen Moore, Demetrios Papademetriou, John J. Sweeney, and Raul Yzaguirre.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2002
• Impact of Supreme Court Rulings on Law Enforcement in Indian Country, Hearing Before the Committee on Indian Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, Second Session on Contemporary Tribal Governments: Challenges in Law Enforcement Related to the Rulings of the U.S. Supreme Court, July 11, 2002

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  From the opening statement of Daniel K. Inouye: "The committee meets this morning to receive testimony on the challenges confronting contemporary tribal governments as they provide for the health, safety and welfare of those who reside on Indian reservations, both Indians and non-Indians. Enforcing the law on Indian reservations has increasingly become frustrated by the complex pattern of jurisdictional authorities that have been engendered by rulings of the U.S. Supreme Court. Today, we will receive testimony on the results of studies conducted by Department of Justice, and we will learn about more recently gathered reports and statistics which are simply shocking. For instance, Justice Department reports indicate that American Indians are victims of violent crime at rates more than twice the national average, far exceeding any other ethnic group in the country. Nearly one out of every four Native Americans between the ages of 18 and 24 are victims of a violent crime--the highest per capita rate of violence of any racial group considered by age and representing 10 percent of the violent crimes prosecuted by the Justice Department." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Daniel K. Akaka, Monty J. Bengochia, Thomas B. Heffelfinger, Darrell Hillaire, Daniel K. Inouye, Gary James, Tracy Toulou, Theresa M. Pouley, Billy J. Cypress, and Victor Wellington.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2002
• H. Rept. 107-603: Cost of War Against Terrorism Authorization Act of 2002, Report together with Additional and Dissenting Views to Accompany H.R. 4547, July 23, 2002

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  "The Committee on Armed Services, to whom was referred the bill (H.R. 4547) to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2003 for military activities of the Department of Defense and to prescribe military personnel strengths for fiscal year 2003, having considered the same, report favorably thereon with an amendment and recommend that the bill as amended do pass. […] The President requested, by amendment, budget authority of $10.0 billion for the national defense budget function for fiscal year 2003. Of this amount, the President requested up to $1.9 billion for Procurement or Research, Development, Test and Evaluation accounts; up to $2.5 billion for Military Personnel accounts; and up to $5.6 billion for Operation and Maintenance accounts as well as Military Construction or Working Capital Funds. The committee recommends an overall level of $10.0 billion in budget authority."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2002-07-23
• S. Rept. 107-235: Over-The-Road Bus Security Grant Program, Report to Accompany S. 1739, August 1, 2002

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  "The Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, to which was referred the bill (S. 1739) to authorize grants to improve security on over-the-road buses, having considered the same, reports favorably thereon and recommends that the bill do pass. The purposes of this bill, as reported, are to establish a direct grant program to improve security of over-the-road buses, and to authorize the Secretary of Transportation to conduct a study to develop recommendations for improved security of over-the-road bus operations. Over-the-road buses, or motorcoaches, operate in both commuter and intercity operations. The motorcoach industry, which includes regularly scheduled point-to-point service and chartered tour operations, carried more than 774 million passengers in the United States in 2000, 28 percent more passengers than carried by domestic commercial airlines and 33 times more passengers than carried by Amtrak. The twelve Class I bus companies, defined by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics as having revenues of at least $10 million or more annually, carried approximately 33 million passengers in 2000. According to the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, the intercity bus transportation industry serves 5000 locations nationwide, many of which are rural communities that might not have other modes of intercity transportation available to the public."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2002-08-01
• S. Rept. 107-232: Safe Rails Act of 2001, Report to Accompany S. 1871, August 1, 2002

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  "The Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, to which was referred the bill (S. 1871) to direct the Secretary of Transportation to conduct a rail transportation security risk assessment, and for other purposes, having considered the same, reports favorably thereon with amendments and recommends that the bill, as amended, do pass. The purposes of the bill, as reported, are to direct the Secretary of Transportation to assess security needs associated with the transportation of hazardous materials by rail and to provide funding to reimburse freight railroads, eligible shippers and tank car owners for costs incurred to improve railroad security on or after September 11, 2001. The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, unquestionably have changed the paradigm for what constitutes safety in transportation. As a consequence, attention has shifted from mainly preventing accidents to protecting people and cargo from deliberate acts of terrorism. Moreover, as a result of the targeting of, and specific attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, several major steps have been taken to improve the nation's safety and security overall: a new Office of Homeland Security has been created; supplemental appropriations have been approved to fight the war on terrorism; and U.S. border points of entry have been staffed at higher levels. Congress is also considering legislation to establish a Departmental agency dedicated to Homeland Security, and legislation to improve cargo security."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2002-08-01
• S. Hrg. 107-341: Northern Border Security: Hearings before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, First Session, Special Hearing, October 3, 2001, December 5, 2001, Washington, DC

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  S. Hrg. 107-341: From the opening statement of "This hearing is to discuss the issue of border security, and especially about northern border security. It is our countries intention to hold a series of hearings on border security. While there are questions and interesting things to talk about a wide range of security issues dealing with our borders, I want to especially this morning at today's hearing talk about northern border security. All of us know that the tragic events of September 11 have persuaded this country that we must do much, much more to make sure that we protect the security of our country. A country cannot and will not be secure unless it has secure borders. We are a free country with substantial traffic, and freight, and people coming across our border, and we do not want to change that. By the same token, we want to make sure that we keep out of this country those who are not supposed to come in, and especially that we are vigilant in trying to determine and detect those who are suspected terrorists who we want to prevent from coming into our country. Both of the agencies that will testify here today stand on the front lines of protecting our borders. In the State of North Dakota, and other States that border Canada on the northern side, we have remote border crossings. Every day we have a few people, in most cases one or two people, standing guard, vigilant in trying to make sure that those borders are secure." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Robert C. Bonner, Byron L. Dorgan, Mike DeWine, Patrick J. Leahy, Conrad Burns, James W. Ziglar, Patty Murray, Colleen Kelley, Carl Levin, Barbara A. Mikulski, Ben Nighthorse Campbell, Charles Schumer, Debbie Stabenow, John Hoeven, Howard Dean, Dick Posthumus, Hillary Rodham Clinton, Timothy J. Lowenberg, Michael Haugen, Judd Gregg, Judy Martz, Gary Locke, and George E. Pataki.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2002
• Creation of Homeland Security Department, Hearing Before the Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, Second Session, June 26, 2002

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  From the opening statement of Bill Thomas. "Today, in addition to its own laws, Customs enforces well over 400 other provisions of law for at least 40 agencies. A number of these statutes are quality of life issues that relate to the environment, such as motor vehicle safety and emission controls, water pollution standards, pesticide controls, Freon smuggling, and the protection of endangered wildlife. Other laws safeguard American agriculture, business and public health, and consumer safety. On June 18, 2002, President Bush proposed to transfer all of the authority and assets of Customs, as well as any other Federal agencies, to a new Homeland Security Department. Specifically, Customs would be placed under an Under Secretariat for Border and Transportation Security along with the Immigration and Naturalization Service, the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, the U.S. Coast Guard, and the Transportation Security Administration. […] The President proposes to create a new Homeland Security Department, the most significant transformation of the Federal Government in over a half-century by transforming and realigning current government activities into a single department whose primary mission is to protect our homeland. The creation of the Department is a key step in the President's national strategy for homeland security. The hearing will focus on details of how this realignment will affect Customs and its core functions such as collection of duties and trade facilitation." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Jimmy Gurule, James B. Clawson, Colleen M. Kelley, Timothy Farrell, Jerry Cook, Stephen Lamar, Timothy H. Edgar, and Charles E. Sandler.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2002
• S. Rept. 107-148: The Federal Bureau of Investigation Reform Act of 2002, Report to Accompany S. 1974, May 10, 2002

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  "The Committee on the Judiciary, to which was referred the bill (S. 1974) to make needed reforms in the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and for other purposes, having considered the same, reports favorably thereon, with an amendment, and recommends that the bill, as amended, do pass." The report includes information on the purpose and details of the bill, the legislative history, Committee vote, need for legislation, discussion, Congressional Budget Office cost estimate, regulatory impact, and changes in the existing law.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2002-05-10
• S. Rept. 107-150: To Establish the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, and For Other Purposes, Report together with Additional Views to Accompany S. 1867, May 14, 2002

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  "The Committee on Governmental Affairs, to whom was referred the bill (S. 1867) to establish the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, and for other purposes, reports favorably thereon with amendments and recommends that the bill as amended do pass. On March 21, 2002, the Committee on Governmental Affairs voted to report S. 1867, 'a bill to establish the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States,' as amended. S. 1867 is a bipartisan bill to establish an independent commission to investigate the facts and circumstances of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, to report on its findings, and to make recommendations as to how to prevent future terrorist attacks."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2002-05-14
• S. Prt. 107-59: 'What's Next in the War on Terrorism?': A Compilation of Statements by Witnesses Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate One Hundred Seventh Congress, Second Session, February 14, 2002

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  S. PRT. 107-59: So where do we go from here? We have an historic opportunity--if we show as much staying power as fire power . . . if we are unrelenting but not overreaching . . . if we exercise not only the military power necessary to protect our people but also the moral authority necessary to demonstrate that our strength serves a purpose broader than self-protection--to build a safer world of shared well-being. Our first task, as the President has said, is to finish the job of destroying al-Qaeda. That job necessarily involves getting bin Laden. We must not define him out of existence; we must dictate his destiny. After all, he is the man most responsible for the crime against humanity nearly five months ago. We cannot permit him to reemerge--in a month, or a year. We do not want the legend of bin Laden--a symbol of defiance. We want the lesson of bin Laden--a symbol of defeat. It may take months or years. But the victims cannot rest in peace until that justice is done.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2002
• Critical Infrastructure Information Act of 2002

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  "The Critical Infrastructure Information Act of 2002 (CIIA), to be codified at 6 U.S.C. 131 - 134, was passed on November 25, 2002 as subtitle B of Title II of the Homeland Security Act (P.L. 107-296, 116 Stat. 2135, sections 211 - 215), and regulates the use and disclosure of information submitted to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) about vulnerabilities and threats to critical infrastructure."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2002
• H. Doc. 107-227: A Legislative Proposal to Create a New Cabinet Department of Homeland Security, June 18, 2002

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  This document contains the text of the bill to create the Department of Homeland Security as well as a written statement of transmission of this bill from President Bush to the Congress of the United States. "Our Nation faces a new and changing threat unlike any we have faced before-the global threat of terrorism. No nation is immune, and all nations must act decisively to protect against this constantly evolving threat. We must recognize that the threat of terrorism is a permanent condition, and we must take action to protect America against the terrorists that seek to kill the innocent. Since September 11, 2001, all levels of government and leaders from across the political spectrum have cooperated like never before. We have strengthened our aviation security and tightened our borders. We have stockpiled medicines to defend against bioterrorism and improved our ability to combat weapons of mass destruction. We have dramatically improved information sharing among our intelligence agencies, and we have taken new steps to protect our critical infrastructure. Our Nation is stronger and better prepared today than it was on September 11. Yet, we can do better. I propose the most extensive reorganization of the Federal Government since the 1940s by creating a new Department of Homeland Security."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2002
• S. Rept. 107-121: Emergency Transportation Funding for Disaster Relief, Report to Accompany S. 1637, December 10, 2001

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  S. RPT. 107-121: Title 23, Section 125 of the U.S. Code authorizes the Secretary of Transportation to administer emergency highway relief funds. The Secretary administers emergency funds for the repair or reconstruction of highways on Federal-aid highways and related facilities damaged by a natural disaster or an externally-caused catastrophic failure. Title 23 currently limits emergency relief expenditures from a "single catastrophic failure in a State" to $100 million, and further limits total emergency relief obligations to $100 million per State per fiscal year. The World Trade Center collapse severely damaged many city and State roads in lower Manhattan. Excess weight trucks removing debris from the site have damaged regional highways. Additionally, for security purposes New York City closed the Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel for a time. During the closure, substitute ferry service, eligible for Title 23 emergency funding, ran between Brooklyn and Manhattan. The combined eligible highway and ferry expenses attributable to the September 11th terrorist attack on New York City may exceed $100 million. Section 1 allows for 100 percent Federal share for Title 23 projects undertaken in New York City in response to the World Trade Center attacks and allows the Secretary of Transportation to exceed the emergency funding caps per fiscal year and per State in helping to rebuild New York City.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2002
• Role of the Financial Institutions in Enron's Collapse--Volume 2: Hearings before the Permanent Subcommittee of Investigations of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, Second Session, July 23 and 30, 2002

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  From the opening statement of Carl Levin: "Enron was the first in the recent wave of corporate scandals, but it continues to instruct us on what has gone wrong in corporate America and what needs to be reformed. Earlier this month, the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations released a report on the role of the Board of Directors in the collapse of Enron. It found that the Board had failed in its fiduciary duty to protect Enron shareholders and that it shares responsibility for Enron's deceptions and its bankruptcy. Today we will look at financial institutions and the role that they played in Enron's collapse. It is now common knowledge that Enron engaged in accounting deceptions to convince investors, lenders, analysts, and the public that the company was in better financial shape than it really was. In examining the role that financial institutions played in Enron's demise, we are focusing on one type of so-called 'structured finance' transactions that Enron referred to as ''prepays'' and that they used to obtain billions of dollars in financing for Enron without showing any additional debt on its books. I believe that most will conclude, after we hear today's testimony, that Enron's use of these prepays to disguise debt was an accounting sham, and to carry out the deceptions Enron had the help and the knowing assistance of some of the biggest financial institutions in our country, including JPMorgan Chase and Citigroup." This second volume contains the second half of exhibits presented during the hearing. Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Carl Levin, Susan M. Collins, Joseph I. Lieberman, Fred Thompson, Jim Bunning, Thomas R. Carper, Peter G. Fitzgerald, Max Cleland, Mark Dayton, Richard J. Durbin, Robert L. Roach, Gary M. Brown, Lynn E. Turner, Pamela M. Stumpp, John C. Diaz, Ronald M. Barone, Nik Khakee, Jeffrey W. Dellapina, Donald H. McCree, Robert W. Traband, David C. Bushnell, Richard Caplan, Maureen Hendricks, James F. Reilly, Jr., Robert Furst, Schuyler Tilney, and G. Kelly Martin.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2002
• Climate and Health Outlook: U.S. Seasonal Forecast for Health, July 2022

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  From the Document: "Welcome to the third edition of the Climate and Health Outlook from the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office of Climate Change and Health Equity (OCCHE). The Climate and Health Outlook is an effort to inform health professionals and the public on how our health may be affected in the coming month(s) by climate events and provide resources to take proactive action. This edition expands beyond extreme heat to include additional climate-related health hazards."

  United States. Department of Health and Human Services

  2022-07
• Climate and Health Outlook: Extreme Heat, May 2022

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  From the Document: "Welcome to the first edition of the Climate and Health Outlook from the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office of Climate Change and Health Equity (OCCHE). The Climate and Health Outlook is an effort to inform health professionals and the public on how our health may be affected in the next 30 and 90 days by climate events and provide resources to take proactive action. This edition focuses on the 2022 early summer season and uses the most current long-term temperature forecasts that come from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to illustrate how extreme heat poses a health risk for all Americans."

  United States. Department of Health and Human Services

  2022-05
• Roadmap to Federal Resources for Disaster Recovery

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  From the Introduction: "This Roadmap to Federal Resources for Disaster Recovery (Roadmap) helps state, local, tribal, and territorial entities and other interested parties navigate some of the challenges commonly encountered following a disaster. The Roadmap describes how available federal funding programs can align to support potential solutions for the identified challenges. This resource is the result of a collaborative effort among departments and agencies across the federal government that work together to help communities recover from a disaster."

  United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency

  2022-06
• Climate-Related Macroeconomic Risks and Opportunities

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  From the Introduction: "Climate change is generating increased challenges to the environment, public health, and the economy. President Biden has set an ambitious goal for the United States: to rapidly reduce greenhouse gas emissions to net zero by 2050. This means that the United States will need to reduce reliance on unabated, carbon-intensive fossil fuel technologies and transition the economy to produce and make use of clean energy and other low-carbon goods and services. The President is mobilizing a whole-of-government approach to climate action through policies in his fiscal year 2023 budget that hasten and smooth the transition to a net zero emissions economy. [...] [T]his Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) and Office of Management and Budget (OMB) White Paper lays out some of the macroeconomic implications of climate change and the transition to a lower carbon economy in the United States, reviews available climate-macro research and methodologies, and identifies relevant resources in the Federal government for generating climate-macro projections. The White Paper is a first step towards climate-macro projections developed by the Federal government. Earlier this year, CEA and OMB also launched a Climate-Macro Interagency Technical Working Group (ITWG) to develop the capacity to produce climate-macro projections within the Federal government."

  Council of Economic Advisers (U.S.)

  2022-04-04
• Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report: Characteristics of Suspected Human Trafficking Incidents, 2007-08

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  This report "presents findings from the Human Trafficking Reporting System (HTRS). The HTRS was developed in 2007 to collect data on alleged human trafficking incidents from state and local law enforcement agencies. As of September 30, 2008, it had collected information on incident, suspect, and victim characteristics from 38 human trafficking task forces, funded by the Department of Justice. Incident data include the number of suspects and victims, number of agencies involved in the incident, confirmation of incident as human trafficking, and type of lead agency. Victim data include demographic characteristics such as age, race, gender, and citizenship status. In addition to demographic characteristics, suspect data include available arrest, adjudication, and sentencing information. This report covers incidents reported by task forces from January 1, 2007, to September 30, 2008."

  United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics

  Kyckelhahn, Tracey; Beck, Allen J.; Cohen, Thomas H.

  2009-01
• Characteristics of Suspected Human Trafficking Incidents, 2008-2010

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  "Federally funded human trafficking task forces opened 2,515 suspected incidents of human trafficking for investigation between January 2008 and June 2010 (figure 1). Most suspected incidents of human trafficking were classified as sex trafficking (82%), including more than 1,200 incidents with allegations of adult sex trafficking and more than 1,000 incidents with allegations of prostitution or sexual exploitation of a child. Eleven percent of the suspected incidents opened for investigation were classified as labor trafficking, and 7% had an unknown trafficking type. Data in this report are from the Human Trafficking Reporting System (HTRS), which was designed to measure the performance of federally funded task forces. HTRS is currently the only system that captures information on human trafficking investigations conducted by state and local law enforcement agencies in the United States. This report is the second in a Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) series about the characteristics of human trafficking investigations, suspects, and victims. It reports about case outcomes, including suspect arrests and the visa status of confirmed victims, and describes the characteristics of incidents entered into the HTRS prospectively by the task forces beginning in 2008. The Methodology details the HTRS data collection procedures and data quality issues."

  United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics

  Kyckelhahn, Tracey; Banks, Duren

  2011-04
• Federal Prosecution of Human Trafficking, 2001 - 2005: Bureau of Justice Statistics - Data Brief

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  "This report provides a summary of various statistics related to matters involving violations of human trafficking statues. This report used data from the Federal Justice Statistics Program (FJSP) to describe violations of Federal human trafficking statutes from 2001 to 2005. (See Notes for specific statutes). Annual data sets from the Executive Office (EO) for U.S. Attorneys' National LIONS system and the Administrative Office of the United States Courts (AO) were combined to report on four distinct case processing stages: matters opened by U.S. attorneys, matters closed by U.S. attorneys, cases filed in U.S. district court, and cases terminated in U.S. district court."

  United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics

  Motivans, Mark; Kyckelhahn, Tracey

  2006-10
• Recidivism of Federal Firearms Offenders Released in 2010

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  From the Document: "This report provides an analysis of data on the recidivism of federal firearms offenders released from incarceration or sentenced to a term of probation in calendar year 2010."

  United States Sentencing Commission

  Kyckelhahn, Tracey; Sharpe, Kristen; Kerbel, Amanda

  2021-11
• Behavioral and Clinical Characteristics of Persons with Diagnosed HIV Infection - Medical Monitoring Project, United States 2020 Cycle (June 2020-May 2021)

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  From the Commentary: "At year-end 2019, an estimated 1,061,482 persons in the United States and 6 dependent areas were living with diagnosed HIV infection, and in 2019, the number of new HIV diagnoses was 36,801. [...] In 2005, in response to an Institute of Medicine (IOM) report outlining the need for representative data on persons with HIV, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) implemented the Medical Monitoring Project (MMP), which from 2009 to 2014 collected data from a 3-stage probability sample of adults receiving HIV medical care. [...] MMP is a cross-sectional, nationally representative, complex sample survey that assesses the behavioral and clinical characteristics of adults with diagnosed HIV infection in the United States. MMP also provides information on behaviors and clinical outcomes affecting the risk of HIV transmission, morbidity, and mortality that are critical for achieving the goals of the National HIV/AIDS Strategy and the Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S. (EHE) initiative, which seek to reduce new HIV infections in the United States by 90% by 2030. The 2020 MMP data were collected from a 2-stage probability sample. [...] This report presents unweighted frequencies and weighted prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals for all characteristics. The estimates describe the characteristics of adults with diagnosed HIV infection who are living in the United States, hereafter referred to as' persons with diagnosed HIV' or 'persons.'"

  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

  Dasgupta, Sharoda; Tie, Yunfeng; Beer, Linda . . .
• What Do Federal Firearms Offenses Really Look Like?

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  From the Introduction: "This report provides in-depth information on federal firearms offenders sentenced under the primary firearms guideline, § [section] 2K2.1. The Commission has published reports on various aspects of firearms offenses, including reports on armed career criminals, mandatory minimum penalties, and firearms offenders' recidivism rates. The Commission's prior research shows that firearms offenders are generally younger, have more extensive criminal history, and are more likely to commit a new crime than other offenders. The Commission's previous research also shows that firearms offenders are more likely than other offenders to engage in violent criminal behavior. This publication continues the Commission's work and provides detailed information about offenders sentenced under §2K2.1. Section 2K2.1 is historically one of the most frequently applied guidelines and its application has accounted for an increased percentage of the federal caseload in recent years. Section 2K2.1 covers offenses involving the unlawful receipt, possession, or transfer of firearms, as well as offenses involving prohibited weapons and stolen firearms. While use or possession of a firearm during and in relation to a crime of violence or controlled substance offense is covered by a different guideline, §2K2.1 covers conspiracies to do the same. [...] This report examines how the offenses were committed, whether the offenses involved violence, and whether the offenders have a history of engaging in violent criminal behavior. This report also provides data on offender and offense characteristics, and sentences imposed for the firearms crimes committed by offenders sentenced under §2K2.1."

  United States Sentencing Commission

  Iaconetti, Matthew; Kyckelhahn, Tracey; Kerbel, Amanda

  2022-07
• China's Battle with Coronavirus: Possible Geopolitical Gains and Real Challenges

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  From the Document: "Originated from Wuhan, the current Coronavirus pandemic, known as COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019], is a good illustration of how the Chinese government has tried to grasp an unprecedented health crisis not only to demonstrate its capacity to rapidly overcome it but also to enhance its diplomatic influence, improve its international image and challenge the US dominant status both as a leading health care provider and a world role model. Has China succeeded? Taking advantage of its close relationship with the World Health Organization (WHO), the Trump Administration's late mobilization against this novel coronavirus, the European Union (EU)'s disorganization and divisions, as well as each country's preoccupation with its own domestic health crisis, China has achieved early successes on the international stage, particularly in Eastern and Southern Europe as well as in the Global South. Nonetheless, the Chinese government's initial failure in the management of the health crisis at home as well as the aggressiveness and incoherence of its own narrative have contributed to denting the credibility of its own data and its 'politics of generosity'."

  Al Jazeera Centre for Studies

  Cabestan, Jean-Pierre

  2020-04-19
• S. Rept. 107-293: Aviation Security Improvement Act, Report to Accompany S. 2949, September 30, 2002

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  "The Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, to which was referred the bill (S. 2949) to provide for enhanced aviation security, and for other purposes, having considered the same, reports favorably thereon with amendments and recommends that the bill (as amended) do pass. On September 11, 2001, terrorists used United States commercial aircraft as guided missiles, killing thousands of innocent victims in New York, Washington, D.C., and Pennsylvania. The unprecedented attacks led to passage of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act (ATSA, P.L. 107-71, November 19, 2001). President Bush signed the legislation after two months of debate between the Senate and the House of Representatives over the issue of the responsibilities of the Federal government to provide security for the Nation's aviation system. Ultimately, Congress placed primary responsibility for aviation security with the Federal government. S. 2949 is intended to address a number of issues that have arisen since the passage of ATSA, including the ability of the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) to complete its formidable task of installing explosive detection systems (EDS) at airports and ensuring that carriers have available, for the short term, war risk insurance coverage. The bill also makes technical corrections to ATSA. Since enactment of ATSA, the newly created TSA has struggled to meet aggressive Congressional deadlines to hire, train, and deploy more than 30,000 Federal security screeners (by November 18, 2002), and thousands of air marshals, and to install new EDS by December 31, 2002."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2002-09-30