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Russian Disinformation Attacks on Elections: Lessons from Europe, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Europe, Eurasia, Energy, and the Environment of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, First Session, July 16, 2019
This is the July 16, 2019 hearing on "Russian Disinformation Attacks on Elections: Lessons from Europe," held before the U.S. House Subcommittee on Europe, Eurasia, Energy, and the Environment of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. From the opening statement of William R. Keating: "Today's hearing is on Russia's attacks on democratic elections through targeted disinformation campaigns and the takeaways from Europe where this activity has been accelerating for years. It is on what the EU and the European countries are doing themselves, what has been effective, what has not been, lessons learned." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Daniel Fried, Jessikka Aro, Jakub Kalensky, and Frederick W. Kagan.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2019
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ATF Annual Firearms Manufacturers and Export Report, 2020
This report covers the number of pistols, revolvers, rifles, shotguns, and miscellaneous firearms manufactured in the year 2020. Specifics include caliber and manufacturer, as well as the numbers imported and exported.
United States. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms
2021-03-10
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H. Rept. 106-1023: The Failure to Produce White House E-Mails: Threats, Obstruction, and Unanswered Questions, Eighth Report by the Committee on Government Reform, Together with Minority and Additional Views, Volume 2 of 2, December 4, 2000
From the Document: "In July 1994, the White House created a central electronic database, called the Automated Records Management System (ARMS), to archive official Presidential and Federal records, including emails. ARMS was created to comply with the court decision 'Armstrong v. Executive Office of the President', which interpreted the Federal Records Act as requiring the preservation of e-mail messages by parts of the Executive Office of the President. In June 1998, contractors working for Northrop Grumman discovered a technical problem affecting a White House e-mail server (named 'Mail2') which prevented incoming e-mail to accounts on that server from being archived in ARMS. [...] The e-mail problems in the White House are highly technical. They do not involve any conscious effort to withhold subpoenaed materials from the committee. Nevertheless, during the course of the committee's investigation, they have spawned a series of inflammatory accusations."
United States. Government Printing Office
2000-12-04
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Disappeared, Jailed, and Tortured in China: Wives Petition for Their Husbands' Freedom, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, May 18, 2017
This is the May 18, 2017 hearing on "Disappeared, Jailed, and Tortured in China: Wives Petition for Their Husbands' Freedom," held before the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. From the opening statement of Christopher H. Smith: "We are here today to shine a bright light on the brutal, illegal, and dehumanizing use of torture and forced disappearance of human rights lawyers and rights advocates in China. We shine a light on dictatorships because nothing good happens in the dark and, as we will learn today, there are some very, very dark places in China. Chinese officials repeatedly tell us and they tell me all the time that I should focus more on the positive aspects of China and not dwell so much on the negative. [...] Through the United Nations and the sanctions available in the Global Magnitsky Act, however, we should be seeking to hold accountable any Chinese officials complicit in torture, human rights abuses, and illegal detentions." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Chen Guiqiu, Wang Yanfang, Jin Bianling, and Li Ching-Yu.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2017
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Mapping Student Needs During COVID-19: An Assessment of Remote Learning Environments
From the Document: "Staff, teachers, and students experienced rapid change as school buildings closed in March 2020 because of the spread of the novel coronavirus, COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. As school districts scramble to deliver lessons remotely, particularly as they consider long-term strategies and solutions, it is important to understand variations in the challenges that students are facing across the country. Although school districts may be aware of some of these challenges, such as student disability or English language learner status, other issues may be harder to identify and assess, such as a student's crowded home conditions, her access to technology for remote learning, and her household's vulnerability to pandemic-induced economic hardship. In this brief, we use American Community Survey (ACS) data to highlight different types of challenges to remote learning and point to district and educator strategies that might mitigate harm to students as districts navigate long-term school closures."
Urban Institute
Blagg, Kristin; Blom, Erica; Gallagher, Megan . . .
2020-04
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Best Practices in Housing, Transportation, and Infrastructure to Inform an Equitable COVID-19 Recovery
From the Document: "As the United States recovers from the [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, cities such as Washington, DC, have the opportunity to restructure their institutions and public programs to ensure that the changes that ensue produce positive outcomes shared by all. In so doing, they can help address and remediate past inequities [hyperlink]. This type of inclusive recovery [hyperlink] can expand opportunities for people with low incomes and people of color and ensure better access to jobs, schools, recreation, and other needs in the coming decades. [...] In this memo, we focus on three areas of particular importance to a sustainable, equitable recovery: transportation, housing, and other types of infrastructure. These topics are essential to ensuring that all residents--especially those with low incomes and those who have been historically excluded--have the ability to live in safe, affordable housing and neighborhoods and access to opportunities such as jobs and high-quality education. We identify mechanisms by which DC can seize upon past successes to generate productive outcomes in these areas by pointing to approaches that have proven effective in other regions. In table 1, we summarize key questions and best practices relating to transportation, housing, and other forms of infrastructure."
Urban Institute
Freemark, Yonah; Stacy, Christina Plerhoples; Jackson, Arielle . . .
2021-12-07
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Best Practices in Education to Inform an Equitable COVID-19 Recovery
From the Introduction: "Although important improvements have been made in public education in the District of Columbia during the past decade, the pandemic disrupted instruction and introduced new challenges for many students. Students of color and their families--many of whom were already being inadequately served before the pandemic--were disproportionately affected by job losses, COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] infections, and obstacles to participation in virtual learning. This memo focuses on academic, social and emotional, and physical health strategies that have the potential to address these disparities."
Urban Institute
Gallagher, Megan; Terrones, Fanny; Joseph, Jake
2021-12-06
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Best Practices in Safety Net Programs to Inform an Equitable COVID-19 Recovery
From the Introduction: "As the US slowly recovers from a long COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, US cities and states have an unprecedented opportunity to pursue an inclusive recovery [hyperlink]. District of Columbia leaders can harness federal recovery funds to improve on the city's track record [hyperlink] of economic and racial inclusion for historically excluded populations. In this memo, we address best practices and policies for safety net enhancements and reforms in DC. Building on key stakeholder recommendations provided at Council's May 21, 2021, safety net hearing, we identify research- and evidence-based policies and practices that DC can use to generate productive outcomes, as well as provide relevant examples from the emerging recovery plans in other places. In table 1, we summarize key questions and best practices relating to safety net supports. In this memorandum, we define the scope of the safety net as including cash, as well as support for utilities, shelter, and food."
Urban Institute
Bogle, Mary; Kumari, Shubhangi
2021-12-02
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Best Practices in Small Business Recovery to Inform an Equitable COVID-19 Recovery
From the Introduction: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic represented an existential threat to the District of Columbia's small businesses, especially those in the food, accommodation, and hospitality sectors. With the March 2020 closure of nonessential businesses, along with numerous operating restrictions for essential ones, small businesses needed to navigate an unprecedented crisis. And they needed to do it in a context in which many small businesses already operate with little margin for error--the median small business had less than a month of cash buffer in reserve. [...] Despite federal and local pandemic support and increasing foot traffic in businesses, preexisting inequities in DC's small business ecosystem have persisted through the pandemic and they will continue to challenge local small business recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. In fact, the pandemic has made more visible the barriers to accessing capital, technology, technical assistance, workers, customers, and peer networks that small businesses owned and operated by Black and Latinx people face; these barriers will need to be addressed in any equitable small business recovery."
Urban Institute
Theodos, Brett; Myczkowska, Tola
2022-02-11
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Best Practices in Employment to Inform an Equitable COVID-19 Recovery
From the Introduction: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic and resulting recession have had dramatic effects on the workforce, labor market, and employers. The pandemic created unprecedented challenges and exacerbated existing inequities, especially for Black, Latinx, and many immigrant communities. Washington, DC, a diverse and vibrant metropolis that is also our nation's capital, saw unemployment rise to 11.1 percent during the peak of job loss, with higher rates for Black and Latinx workers. As of September 2021, the national unemployment rate stood at 4.8 percent, with a rate of 6.6 percent in DC. Although the economy and labor market have improved from their worst point during the recession, action is still needed to help those who are struggling to find good jobs, to improve the quality of jobs that are available, and, in turn, to meet the needs of businesses for skilled workers. Our nation and communities are at an inflection point where policymakers can use the large federal investments in workers, infrastructure, jobs, and communities to build local economies and a nation that is more inclusive and equitable."
Urban Institute
Spaulding, Shayne; Sirois, Madeleine
2021-12-06
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Road Ahead for Automated Vehicles, Remote Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Highways and Transit of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventeenth Congress, Second Session, February 2, 2022
This is the February 2, 2022 hearing on "Road Ahead for Automated Vehicles," held before the U.S. House Subcommittee on Highways and Transit of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. From the Opening Statement of Eleanor Holmes Norton: "Today we will examine the effects of the adoption and deployment of AVs on roadway safety, infrastructure, and the commercial driving workforce. We will also consider this committee's role and responsibility overseeing AV deployment to ensure that the highest possible safety standards are met, and that all Americans have access to high-quality, family-wage transportation jobs. Automated vehicles are on the cusp of transforming our transportation system. AVs, including commercial trucks and buses, are those in which at least some aspect of safety-critical control function occurs without direct driver input. Some can themselves perform all driving tasks and monitor the driving environment. This technology presents both opportunities and threats." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Martha Castex-Tatum, Scott Marler, John Samuelsen, Catherine Chase, Nat Beuse, Doug Bloch, Nico Larco, and Ariel Wolf.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022
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Improving Outcomes for People in Contact with the Criminal Justice System Who Have Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities
From the Document: "Historically, people with intellectual or developmental disabilities (IDD)--such as Down syndrome or autism spectrum disorder --have been both under and poorly served in their communities. Jurisdictions often lack programs tailored to address the unique needs of people with IDD, as well as care providers who are trained to provide treatment. Similarly, when people with IDD encounter or are involved in the criminal justice system, they often experience a system that is unable to address their unique needs and face misconceptions about their abilities. However, there are ways to help improve outcomes for people with IDD and reduce their chances of re-encountering the criminal justice system. This brief offers important steps that criminal justice administrators can take to better identify and respond to the needs of people with IDD."
Justice Center (Council of State Governments)
2022-04
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Disinformation: A Primer in Russian Active Measures and Influence Campaigns, Panel I, Hearing Before the Select Committee on Intelligence of the United States Senate, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, March 30, 2017
This is the March 30, 2017 hearing on "Disinformation: A Primer in Russian Active Measures and Influence Campaigns, Panel I" before the Select Committee on Intelligence of the United States Senate. From Senator Richard Burr's opening statement: "This morning the committee will engage in an activity that's quite rare for us, an open hearing on an ongoing critical intelligence question: the role of Russian active measures past and present. As many of you know, this committee is conducting a thorough, independent, and nonpartisan review of the Russian active measures campaign conducted against the 2016 U.S. elections. Some of the intelligence provided to the committee is extremely sensitive, which requires that most of the work be conducted in a secure setting to maintain the integrity of the information and to protect the very sensitive sources and methods that gave us access to that intelligence. However, the Vice Chairman and I understand the gravity of the issues that we're here reviewing and have decided that it's crucial that we take the rare step of discussing publicly an ongoing intelligence question. That's why we've convened this second open hearing on the topic of Russian active measures, and I can assure you to the extent possible the committee will hold additional open hearings on this issue." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Roy Godson, Eugene Rumer, and Clint Watts.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2017
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Disinformation: A Primer in Russian Active Measures and Influence Campaigns, Panel II, Hearing Before the Select Committee on Intelligence of the United States Senate, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, March 30, 2017
This is the March 30, 2017 hearing on Disinformation: A Primer in Russian Active Measures and Influence Campaigns, Panel II, Hearing Before the Select Committee on Intelligence of the United States Senate. The purpose of this hearing was to establish the extent by which a foreign adversary interfered in the 2016 Presidential elections in the United States. The witnesses listed presented unclassified information for Congress to determine the severity and impact of the events that took place. Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Kevin Mandia, Keith B. Alexander, and Thomas Rid.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2017
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Open Hearing: Social Media Influence in the 2016 U.S. Election, Hearing Before the Select Committee on Intelligence, United States Senate One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, November 1, 2017
This document is the November 1, 2017 open hearing titled "Social Media Influence in the 2016 U.S. Election" held before the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. From the opening statement of Richard Burr: "What social media platforms played in spreading disinformation and discord during the 2016 elections. This is an opportunity for each of you to tell your respective stories and, if necessary, correct the record. My sense is that not all aspects of those stories have been told accurately. I'll note for the record that this Committee is now having its seventeenth open hearing this year, and the twelfth at which we'll be discussing Russia and Russia's activities. Today, I'm hopeful we can provide the American people with an informed and credible assessment of how foreign actors used your platforms to circulate lies and to agitate unrest during last year's elections." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Richard, Chairman, Mark R., Vice, Colin Stretch, Sean Edgett, and Kent Walker.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2017
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Best Practices in Local Revenue Recovery to Inform an Equitable COVID-19 Recovery
From the Introduction: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic created unprecedented revenue volatility in the District of Columbia (DC) and most other state and local governments. Across the country, state and local tax collections rapidly collapsed following 'shutdown' orders in the spring of 2020 but then recovered--far faster than was anticipated--following both congressional pandemic relief legislation and unforeseen economic shifts. As DC continues its local revenue recovery, it will confront many of the same challenges facing other states and large cities, including fiscal planning during a period of great uncertainty, navigating fast-changing federal policies, and promoting an equitable recovery. However, unlike other jurisdictions, DC's government uniquely functions and taxes as both a state and a local government, creating responsibilities and opportunities. This memo highlights lessons to be learned--good and bad--from other state and local governments. But it also stresses that the pandemic's effect on state and local revenue varies significantly depending on both the configuration of a jurisdiction's revenue system and its economic mix of industries. Finally, on matters of equity, although work remains to be done, policymakers should appreciate that DC is widely regarded as a leader. DC's policy work on equity, whether new (baby bonds) or old (property tax relief), sets DC apart from most jurisdictions. Nonetheless, additional, achievable reforms could make DC's revenue system fairer and more just."
Urban Institute
Auxier, Richard C.
2021-12-06
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Geopolitical Trends and the Future of Warfare: The Changing Global Environment and Its Implications for the U.S. Air Force
From the Webpage: "The future of warfare will depend on geopolitics. In this volume of the Future of Warfare series, RAND researchers examined six trends--U.S. polarization and retrenchment, China's rise, Asia's reassessment, the emergence of a revanchist Russia, upheaval in Europe, and turmoil in the Islamic world--to determine the drivers of conflict between now and 2030. Drawing on official strategy statements, secondary sources, and an extensive set of interviews across eight countries, this report explains how each of these trends has shaped conflict in the past and will likely continue to do so over the next decade. Together, these six trends point to three overarching findings. First, many of the underlying geopolitical assumptions in the U.S. 'National Defense Strategy' for 2018--about the centrality of great-power competition and likelihood of aggression in the Indo-Pacific, Europe, and the Middle East--are correct. Second, although U.S. adversaries will likely remain relatively stable over the next decade, U.S. allies will likely change, especially as Europe becomes increasingly preoccupied with its own problems and as Asia reacts to the rise of China. Finally, and most importantly, U.S. strategists will face a deepening series of strategic dilemmas as the possibility of conflict in the Indo-Pacific, Europe, and the Middle East pull limited U.S. resources in different directions."
RAND Corporation
Cohen, Raphael S.; Han, Eugeniu; Rhoades, Ashley L.
2020
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Environment, Geography, and the Future of Warfare: The Changing Global Environment and Its Implications for the U.S. Air Force
From the Webpage: "Climate and geography shape where and why conflicts occur. As part of an effort to characterize the future of warfare in 2030, this report assesses the implications of six key climate and geographical trends: the steady rise of global temperatures, the opening of the Arctic, sea level rise, more-frequent and more-extreme weather events, growing water scarcity, and the development of megacities. The ramifications of each trend are analyzed for how they are likely to affect security in specific areas. Implications for the U.S. Air Force are also considered. While these trends on their own are unlikely to lead to state collapse or interstate conflict, they are nonetheless threat multipliers and are likely to exacerbate existing problems and fuel instability around the world. This suggests that the U.S. military, including the Air Force, will have to deal with continued demand for counterterrorism and stability operations and with increased demand for humanitarian assistance and disaster relief missions in the years to come. These trends could also shape where and how the Air Force trains and operates as bases are affected by extreme temperatures and flooding from sea level rise."
RAND Corporation
Klein, Kurt; Efron, Shira; Cohen, Raphael S.
2020
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Future of Warfare in 2030: Project Overview and Conclusions
From the Webpage: "Who will the United States fight against and who will fight with it? Where will these future conflicts be fought? What will future conflicts look like? How will they be fought? And why will the United States go to war? This report is the overview in a series that draws on a wide variety of data sets, secondary sources, and an extensive set of interviews in eight countries around the globe to answer these questions. The authors conclude that the United States will confront a series of deepening strategic dilemmas in 2030. U.S. adversaries--China, Russia, Iran, North Korea, and terrorist groups--will likely remain constant, but U.S. allies are liable to change, and the location of where the United States is most likely to fight wars may not match the locations where conflicts could be most dangerous to U.S. interests. The joint force will likely face at least four types of conflict, each requiring a somewhat different suite of capabilities, but the U.S. ability to resource such a diverse force will likely decline. Above all, barring any radical attempt to alter the trajectory, the United States in 2030 could progressively lose the initiative to dictate strategic outcomes and to shape when and why the wars of the future occur. To meet future demands, the joint force and the U.S. Air Force should invest in more precision, information, and automation; build additional capacity; maintain a robust forward posture; and reinforce agility at all levels of warfare."
RAND Corporation
Klein, Kurt; Efron, Shira; Cohen, Raphael S. . . .
2020
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Military Trends and the Future of Warfare: The Changing Global Environment and Its Implications for the U.S. Air Force
From the Webpage: "This volume of the Future of Warfare series examines some of the most significant factors shaping military trends over the next ten to 15 years: changes in the size, quality, and character of military forces available to the United States and its potential adversaries. The report identifies six trends that will shape who and where the United States is most likely to fight in the future, how those wars will be conducted, and why they will occur. These trends are: decreasing U.S. conventional force size, increasing near-peer conventional modernization and professionalization, continuing development of asymmetric capabilities by second-tier powers, increasing adversary use of gray-zone tactics, continuing democratization of violence, and emerging artificial intelligence as a class of disruptive technologies."
RAND Corporation
Morgan, Forrest E.; Cohen, Raphael S.
2020
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Weighing U.S. Troop Withdrawal from Iraq: Strategic Risks and Recommendations
From the Webpage: "The authors assess options for military withdrawal in Iraq in 2020 in the context of stated U.S. strategies and policy objectives since 2005. They conclude that supporting a stable and friendly Iraq is in the continuing long-term interest of the United States--and that this does not require continuing the combat assistance mission in Iraq over the long run, but does require maintaining a small force of military advisers to help train and develop Iraqi military capabilities so that Iraq can defend itself."
RAND Corporation
Connable, Ben; Dobbins, James P.; Shatz, Howard J. . . .
2020
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Interoperable Communications Technology Program (ICTP) Assessment: Best Practices and Lessons Learned
From the Document: "From 2003 through 2006, the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS Office) awarded 65 grants totaling $250 million to local law enforcement agencies across the United States under its Interoperable Communications Technology Program (ICTP). The purpose of these grants was to fund projects that explored uses of equipment and technologies to increase interoperability and data information sharing among the law enforcement, fire service, and emergency medical service communities. With thorough and rigorous planning, these projects helped to demonstrate how new technologies and operating methods could help communities achieve interoperability. This report describes the findings of an ICTP assessment study conducted by the Institute for Law and Justice (ILJ), in which they examined the grant implementation process of the ICTP grantees. The report describes successful practices to improve interoperability and build stronger multiagency and multidisciplinary partnerships. It also highlights ten best practices that could help improve agencies in both critical incident and day-to-day operations."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Webster, Barbara, 1947-; McEwen, J. Thomas
2012-03
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Developing Interoperability: Standard Operating Procedures
From the Document: "Standard operating procedures are one of the five 'critical success factors' essential for interoperable communications. This Issue Brief will describe: 1) the public safety community's need for standard operating procedure (SOP) models; 2) the SOP models that are available for use; 3) the five-step SOP development and testing process; 4) the critical importance of involving end users to ensure operational utility (that the policies actually work in the real world); and 5) the expected operational benefits."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Krauss, Benjamin R.
2012-03
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Guidelines for the Creation of Interoperable Software Identification (SWID) Tags
From the Abstract: "This report provides an overview of the capabilities and usage of software identification (SWID) tags as part of a comprehensive software lifecycle. As instantiated in the International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission 19770-2 standard, SWID tags support numerous applications for software asset management and information security management. This report introduces SWID tags in an operational context, provides guidelines for the creation of interoperable SWID tags, and highlights key usage scenarios for which SWID tags are applicable."
National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)
Waltermire, David; Cheikes, Brant A.; Feldman, Larry . . .
2016-04
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Treasury: Strategic Plan 2022-2026
From the Document: "There is much we cannot predict about the next four years, but there are certain things we know: The United States will be recovering from one of the most precipitous downturns in our history, the economic crisis caused by the COVID19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. At the same time, we will have to address the structural problems that have plagued our economy for decades: the decline in labor force participation, income and racial inequality, and serious underinvestment in crucial public goods like childcare, education, and physical infrastructure. And then there are rising challenges, like climate change, which, left unchecked, will undermine every aspect of our economy from supply chains to the financial system. America's ability to compete in the latter part of the 21st century depends on how well we meet this collection of challenges. Treasury must play a critical role. The following plan outlines how our Department is readying - and, in some cases, transforming - ourselves to do this. It covers Treasury's priorities for the next four years and underscores our commitment to re-engaging allies and centering equity across mission areas to achieve our goals."
United States. Department of the Treasury
2022-03-25?
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 5129, Community Services Block Grant Modernization Act of 2022
From the Document: "H.R. 5129 would reauthorize and amend the Community Services Block Grant Act. Although the authorization of appropriations for the programs in that act expired at the end of 2003, the Congress has continued to appropriate funds for them, including $787 million in 2022. The act would authorize the appropriation of $1 billion for each year from 2023 through 2027 and the appropriation of whatever amounts are necessary for each year from 2028 through 2032 for the Community Services Block Grant (CSBG). In addition, H.R. 5129 would authorize the appropriation of whatever amounts are necessary for each year from 2023 through 2032 for discretionary community programs, including community economic development, rural community development activities, and broadband navigator projects. For this estimate, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] assumes that H.R. 5129 will be enacted before the start of fiscal year 2023 and that the authorized and estimated amounts will be appropriated in each year. Using information from the Department of Health and Human Services, CBO estimates that the department would need about $46 million in 2023 for the discretionary community programs. For years after 2027 for CSBG and after 2023 for the community programs, CBO estimates the authorization amounts by increasing the 2027 and 2023 amounts, respectively, consistent with the inflation rates that underlie CBO's May 2022 baseline. Estimated outlays are based on historical spending patterns for existing or similar programs. On that basis, CBO estimates that implementing the legislation would cost $10 billion over the 2022-2032 period."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-06-09
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Weapons of Mass Distraction: Foreign State-Sponsored Disinformation in the Digital Age
From the Document: "If there is one word that has come to define the technology giants and their impact on the world, it is 'disruption.' The major technology and social media companies have disrupted industries ranging from media to advertising to retail. However, it is not just the traditional sectors that these technologies have upended. They have also disrupted another, more insidious trade - disinformation and propaganda. The proliferation of social media platforms has democratized the dissemination and consumption of information, thereby eroding traditional media hierarchies and undercutting claims of authority. The environment, therefore, is ripe for exploitation by bad actors. Today, states and individuals can easily spread disinformation at lightning speed and with potentially serious impact. [...] The following interdisciplinary review attempts to shed light on these converging factors, and the challenges and opportunities moving forward."
Park Advisors
Nemr, Christina; Gangware, William
2019-03
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S. Hrg. 107-91: U.S. Security Interests in Europe: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, First Session, June 20, 2001
The hearing discusses topics covered by President George Bush during his trip to Europe, as well as general security issues and the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty as related to President Bush's proposed Missile Defense Program. Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Joseph R. Biden, Jr., and Colin L. Powell.
United States. Government Printing Office
2001
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Government Efficiency and Effectiveness: Strategies for Reducing Fragmentation, Overlap, and Duplication and Achieving Cost Savings, Statement of Gene L. Dodaro Comptroller General of the United States, Testimony Before the Committee on the Budget, U.S. Senate
From the GAO (Government Accountability Office) Highlights: "As the fiscal pressures facing the nation continue, so too does the need for executive branch agencies and Congress to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of government programs and activities. Opportunities to take such action exist in areas where federal programs or activities are fragmented, overlapping, or duplicative. To highlight these challenges and to inform government decision makers on actions that could be taken to address them, GAO [Government Accountability Office] is statutorily required to identify and report annually to Congress on federal programs, agencies, offices, and initiatives, both within departments and governmentwide, that have duplicative goals or activities. GAO has also identified additional opportunities to achieve greater efficiency and effectiveness by means of cost savings or enhanced revenue collection. This statement discusses the (1) new areas identified in GAO's 2013 annual report; (2) status of actions taken by the administration and Congress to address the 131 areas identified in GAO's 2011 and 2012 annual reports; (3) President's April Fiscal Year 2014 Budget submission and recently introduced legislation; and (4) strategies that can help address the issues we identified. GAO's 3-year systematic examination included a review of the budget functions of the federal government representing nearly all of the overall federal funds obligated in fiscal year 2010."
United States. General Accounting Office
Dodaro, Gene L.
2013-05-16
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Serial No. 106-209: DoD Chemical and Biological Defense Program: Management and Oversight: Hearing before the Subcommittee on National Security, Veterans Affairs, and International Relations of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, May 24, 2000
From the statement of Rep. Christopher Shays: "Since the Persian Gulf, Congress and the Department of Defense [DoD], have sought to improve the Chemical and Biological Defense Program by integrating previously disparate research, development and acquisition efforts into a coordinated, joint service approach. CBDP spending, $791 million this fiscal year has more than doubled since 1996. In the most recent Annual Report to Congress, the Chemical and Biological Defense Program claims success in meeting statutory mandates to consolidate program management, expand joint ness among the service branches, and improve force protection against immediate and future CB threats. But according to the General Accounting Office [GAO], the program may be mistaking motion for progress. CBDP has not yet fully complied with one important congressional mandate; to measure program performance in terms of real outcomes rather than mere activities." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of: Kwai-Cheung Chan, Sushil K. Sharma, Jeffrey K. Harris, Anna Johnson-Winegar, Helen Chenoweth-Hage, and Christopher Shays.
United States. Government Printing Office
2001
