Advanced search Help
Clear all search criteria
Only 2/3! You are seeing results from the Public Collection, not the complete Full Collection. Sign in to search everything (see eligibility).
-
Biological Laboratory and Transportation Security and the Biological Weapons Convention
The U.S. is among those States Parties that lack a biological laboratory and transportation security (BLTS) standard to guide those who are responsible for protecting high-consequence microbial agents and toxins. No clear consensus exists within the USG on the nature of the bioterrorist threat or the pathogens that would be most or least likely targeted for theft or diversion. As a result, the limited physical security measures in place at many U.S. biological research facilities, as well as within the system that transports pathogens around the country on a daily basis, are ad hoc, widely variable, and not designed to mitigate the current bioterrorist risk. These facilities will need to look beyond traditional concepts of facility security that generally rely on perimeter fences and armed personnel - often described as "guns, gates, and guards." This document identifies the fundamental aspects of high-contaminant research that demonstrate why biological laboratory and transportation security should be differentiated from traditional aspects of high security. There is now a need for BLTS standards analogous to those that already exist for biosafety.
Sandia National Laboratories
Salerno, Reynolds M. (Reynolds Mathewson), 1966-; Koelm, Jennifer G.
2002-02
-
KnowFest: A Workshop to Explore Building a Terrorism Knowledge Network (KnowNet), Sponsored by Sandia National Laboratories' Advanced Concepts Group, Albuquerque, New Mexico (August 18-20, 2003)
"KnowFest was a day-and-a-half workshop to explore the feasibility of, and need for, creating a knowledge network (KnowNet) to deepen the nation's understanding of terrorist behaviors. The workshop was held in Albuquerque, NM, and was sponsored by Sandia National Laboratories' Advanced Concept Group. Workshop participants included those who conduct research into various aspects of terrorism phenomena, government decision-makers who make policy and tactical decisions in the fight against terrorism, and individuals versed in the technical aspects of knowledge management and collaborative environments. A list of attendees and an agenda is in the appendix... Key concepts embodied in the definition are that KnowNet is a process enabler not just a data repository; it deals with all aspects of the terrorism phenomenon, from the perpetrator to the victims to the choice and execution of methods; and it can be helpful in many different types of research and decision-making venues."
Sandia National Laboratories
2004-01
-
Terrorist Organizations and Criminal Street Gangs: An Argument for an Analogy
"To address the absence of data as we move forward with efforts to model terrorist groups and activities, we have turned to the literature on criminal street gangs as an analog. Street gangs have been studied for years by the behavioral and social science communities. There is much empirical data available. Furthermore, the violence of the battles between gangs such as the Crips and the Bloods in Los Angeles, for example, combined with the lessons learned from much of the empirically based research, has led to successful trust-building campaigns and significant reductions in violent behavior. This essay is an exploration of the validity of the analogy between street gangs and terrorists. We explore the theoretical approaches that have emerged from the data on gangs, and note similarities to work done in the field of terrorism which has been developing theories based on little empirical data. We conclude with a short position statement, stating our belief in the validity of the analogy and describing a theoretical approach for our work."
Sandia National Laboratories
Turnley, Jessica Glicken; Smrcka, Julienne
2002-11-21
-
Overview of Explosives Detection Research and Development in Department 5848 at Sandia National Laboratories
"This paper provides an overview of work performed during the past five years in the area of explosives detection in the Contraband Detection Technologies department at Sandia National Laboratories. Broadly speaking, this work falls into two categories. First, the department has been in the forefront of developing trace detection technology for real-world applications. The basis for this technology has been a patented chemical preconcentrator that collects vapor and particles of explosives with high efficiency, prior to delivery into a chemical sensor. This preconcentrator has been used in several systems, most notably a personnel portal developed with primary funding from the Federal Aviation Administration. Second, the department serves as the main resource on explosives detection information for the United States Department of Energy (DOE), and has consulted and developed documents for other government agencies. One important aspect of this work is an on-going program of commercial equipment evaluation for the DOE. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of possible future directions."
Sandia National Laboratories
Parmeter, John E.; Hannum, David W.; Linker, Kevin L.
2000-06
-
Knowledge Network (KnowNet): Deepening the Nation's Understanding of Terrorist Behavior
"Terrorist motivations are elevated by a broad range of factors: idealism, alienation, hopelessness, search for meaning, religious conviction, political competition, and fanaticism. Terrorist activities are influenced by many aspects of culture, depending on the motivation behind them, and are supported by multiple societal and financial foundations, without which they cannot be carried out. The roots of terrorism can be viewed through various historical lenses--such as those of geopolitical entities, ethnic groups, political movements, religious warfare. Its actors can be understood in terms of their psychological makeup, social networks, demographic characteristics, educational level, childhood environment and family dynamics. Its tools can be examined in terms of the physical sciences, and its structure and methods in terms of organizational and complex systems theory. With such a broad and dynamic problem space, can there be a comprehensive and deep capability to "know terror"--that holistically informs national and international policies to eliminate terrorism, that provides dynamic contextual interpretation of indicators and warnings to analysts and security personnel, and that maintains up to date resources for everchanging information needs?"
Sandia National Laboratories
2004-02
-
Modeling and Simulating Critical Infrastructures and Their Interdependencies
"Our national security, economic prosperity, and national well-being are dependent upon a set of highly interdependent critical infrastructures. Examples of these infrastructures include the national electrical grid, oil and natural gas systems, telecommunication and information networks, transportation networks, water systems, and banking and financial systems. Given the importance of their reliable and secure operations, understanding the behavior of these infrastructures - particularly when stressed or under attack - is crucial. Models and simulations can provide considerable insight into the complex nature of their behaviors and operational characteristics. These models and simulations must include interdependencies among infrastructures if they are to provide accurate representations of infrastructure characteristics and operations. A number of modeling and simulation approaches under development today directly address interdependencies and offer considerable insight into the operational and behavioral characteristics of critical infrastructures."
Sandia National Laboratories
Rinaldi, Steven M.
2004
-
Terrifying Landscapes: A Study of Scientific Research into Understanding Motivations of Non-State Actors to Acquire and/pr Use Weapons of Mass Destruction
"The purpose of this study was to explore and characterize the research base that exists, outside of these previous studies, for examining the motivations of non-state actors to acquire and/or use WMD, and what additional knowledge domains should be considered that have not yet been brought to bear on the problem. The primary (though not exclusive) target was open source, academic research in the past 5-10 years, accessible to Western scholars (though not exclusively Western in origin) and government personnel. In the process of conducting the study, it was furthermore desired to develop 1) a list of the researchers who are experts in fields important to the problem space, 2) a sense of what kind of data and research methods have been used to look at the problem, and by whom, and 3) a topology of the literature, 4) the common, congruent, and contradictory themes within the literature, and 5) research gaps and unanswered questions. In subsequent studies, these themes should be related to the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) initiatives for modeling and analysis of WMD proliferation pathways." Note: This document has been added to the Homeland Security Digital Library in agreement with the Project on Advanced Systems and Concepts for Countering WMD (PASCC) as part of the PASCC collection. Permission to download and/or retrieve this resource has been obtained through PASCC.
Sandia National Laboratories
Hayden, Nancy Kay
2007-06-22
-
Local Mitigation Strategies for Pandemic Influenza
"Local, open-outbreak mitigation strategies for pandemic influenza that target zones of high infectious contact within a community's social network may be very effective. A networked agent-based model was used to instantiate the contact network within a stylized small town and vary the behavior of targeted groups. Simulations show that until sufficient vaccine becomes available, influenza could be halted solely through social distancing whereby children and teenagers stay home while the rest of the population continues normal day-to-day activities. Subsequent vaccinations that start with children and teenagers return the community to normalcy most rapidly, with the least illness, death, and vaccine."
Sandia National Laboratories
Glass, Robert J.
2005-12-21
-
U.S. Select Agent Rule and an International Opportunity to Develop Laboratory Biosecurity Guidelines
"This presentation reviews the U.S. policy response to the bioterrorist threat. The emerging U.S. security regime has two sets of objectives: enhance ability to respond to public and agricultural health emergencies, and reduce the risk that bioscience and biotechnology could be used maliciously. The new U.S. regulatory 'biosecurity' environment has broad international repercussions that the international community cannot ignore. The objective of biosafety is to reduce or eliminate accidental exposure to or release of potentially hazardous agents. The objective of biosecurity is to protect biological agents against theft and sabotage. Control of certain biological materials is necessary, but how that is achieved must be carefully considered. The new U.S. regulatory environment for biosecurity is evidenced in the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 - U.S. Public Law 107-55, and the Bioterrorism Preparedness Act of 2002 - U.S. Public Law 107-188. The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) requires specific measures: Registration of a facility if they possess one of the 82 Select Agents; background checks for individuals with access to Select Agents; facility must designate a Responsible Official; security, safety, and emergency response plans; safety and security training; regulation of transfers of Select Agents; recordkeeping; and safety and security inspections."
Sandia National Laboratories
Salerno, Reynolds M. (Reynolds Mathewson), 1966-
2004-08-22
-
Conceptual Framework for Biosecurity Levels
"This presentation provides an outline of how to secure certain pathogens and toxins. The aim of biosecurity is to mitigate biological weapons threats at the source, but biosecurity only addresses a small part of the BW threat. The research community needs specific tools to achieve a balance between adequately protecting certain pathogens and toxins and not jeopardizing research on those agents and toxins. Biosafety aims to reduce or eliminate accidental exposure to or release of hazardous agents through four biosafety levels. Biosafety is now considered standard microbiological practice around the world. The need to appreciate the risk of bioterrorism will always exist. Not every asset can be protected against every conceivable threat, thus a risk management approach needs to be employed. Not all pathogens and toxins need the same level of protection. Agents should be placed in a biosecurity level based upon their risk of theft and use as a biological weapon. Biological agent risk levels are divided into the following: nonpathogenic, low risk pathogens and toxins (LRPT), moderate risk pathogens and toxins (MRPT), high risk pathogens and toxins (HRPT), and extreme risk pathogens and toxins (ERPT). The biological agent Coccidioides immitis is used as an example of a low risk pathogen with minimal weaponization potential."
Sandia National Laboratories
Salerno, Reynolds M. (Reynolds Mathewson), 1966-; Gaudioso, Jennifer
2004-10-20
-
Radiological and Nuclear Countermeasures Program
This fact sheet from the Homeland Security program of Sandia National Laboratories provides information on Sandia's Radiological and Nuclear Countermeasures Program. It gives a sampling of Sandia Lab's capabilities in this field in regards to anticipating threats, detection of nuclear materials, and response and recovery.
Sandia National Laboratories
2006-08
-
Technical Requirements for Bio-Lab Security
"This presentation addresses the technical requirements for bio-lab security, with a focus on security system considerations, evaluation of biological agents from an adversary's perspective, elements of risk, risk and consequences, management responsibilities, components of biosecurity, graded protection, access control, example laboratory building, personnel security, material control and accountability, transport security, chain of custody (keep a running record of each individual who has possession of the biological material en route), and information security. In conclusion, it is necessary to take steps to reduce the likelihood that dangerous pathogens and toxins could be stolen from a legitimate bioscience facility; collaboration between security system designers and scientific experts is necessary for effective risk assessment and security system design; user input is required to avoid operational impacts and conflicts with biosafety; and bio-lab security should integrate physical, personnel, information, material and transfer security systems."
Sandia National Laboratories
Barnett, Natalie
2005-03-01
-
Laboratory Biosecurity: United States Regulatory Approach
"This presentation begins by explaining the U.S. policy response to the bioterrorist threat. This is followed by an outline of the U.S. Select Agent Rule (2003), and then by current law regarding hazardous material transportation security. Concerns about the Select Agent Rule are outlined, as well as the global response to increasing biosecurity measures following the 2001 anthrax attacks. This is followed by international perspectives, anticipated developments, biological agent risk assessments, and the results of a Sandia biosafety/biosecurity online survey. In summary, biosecurity regulations, guidelines and implementation methodologies are evolving; the internalization of laboratory biosecurity practices is an important development; and the U.S. Select Agent Rule is not universally applicable."
Sandia National Laboratories
Barnett, Natalie
2005-03-03
-
Sandia National Laboratories Performance Assessment Methodology for Long-Term Environmental Programs: The History of Nuclear Waste Management
"Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) is the world leader in the development of the detailed science underpinning the application of a probabilistic risk assessment methodology, referred to in this report as performance assessment (PA), for (1) understanding and forecasting the long-term behavior of a radioactive waste disposal system, (2) estimating the ability of the disposal system and its various components to isolate the waste, (3) developing regulations, (4) implementing programs to estimate the safety that the system can afford to individuals and to the environment, and (5) demonstrating compliance with the attendant regulatory requirements. This report documents the evolution of the SNL PA methodology from inception in the mid-1970s, summarizing major SNL PA applications including: the Subseabed Disposal Project PAs for high-level radioactive waste; the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant PAs for disposal of defense transuranic waste; the Yucca Mountain Project total system PAs for deep geologic disposal of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste; PAs for the Greater Confinement Borehole Disposal boreholes at the Nevada National Security Site; and PA evaluations for disposal of high-level wastes and Department of Energy spent nuclear fuels stored at Idaho National Laboratory. In addition, the report summarizes smaller PA programs for long-term cover systems implemented for the Monticello, Utah, mill-tailings repository; a PA for the SNL Mixed Waste Landfill in support of environmental restoration; PA support for radioactive waste management efforts in Egypt, Iraq, and Taiwan; and, most recently, PAs for analysis of alternative high-level radioactive waste disposal strategies including repositories deep borehole disposal and geologic repositories in shale and granite. Finally, this report summarizes the extension of the PA methodology for radioactive waste disposal toward development of an enhanced PA system for carbon sequestration and storage systems."
Sandia National Laboratories
Meacham, Paul G.; Anderson, D. Richard; Bonano, E. J. (Evaristo J.)
2011-11
-
Homeland Security: New Challenges for Decision-Making Under Uncertainty
"A workshop addressing the decision-making challenges confronted by the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in the face of large uncertainties, complex value systems, and multiple stakeholders was held November 13-14, 2003, in Washington, D.C. Fortysix participants drawn from the DHS, other government agencies, universities, national laboratories, and the private sector attended the workshop. The goals were: 1) to develop a common understanding of the range of decisions DHS program elements must make; 2) to review selected examples of decision processes and approaches used by other organizations for similarly complex problems; and 3) to recommend steps DHS can take to ensure high quality decision making. The workshop brought together diverse perspectives on decision making in the context of complex risks. Participants included those who must make decisions affecting homeland security, those who have faced risky decisions in other domains, and those who have developed theoretical and practical approaches to high quality decision-making."
Sandia National Laboratories; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; United States. Department of Homeland Security
2004-02
-
Systems Resilience: A New Analytical Framework for Nuclear Nonproliferation
"This paper introduces the concept of systems resilience as a new framework for thinking about the future of nonproliferation. Resilience refers to the ability of a system to maintain its vital functions in the face of continuous and unpredictable change. The nonproliferation regime can be viewed as a complex system, and key themes from the literature on systems resilience can be applied to the nonproliferation system. Most existing nonproliferation strategies are aimed at stability rather than resilience, and the current nonproliferation system may be over-constrained by the cumulative evolution of strategies, increasing its vulnerability to collapse. The resilience of the nonproliferation system can be enhanced by diversifying nonproliferation strategies to include general international capabilities to respond to proliferation and focusing more attention on reducing the motivation to acquire nuclear weapons in the first place. Ideas for future research include understanding unintended consequences and feedbacks among nonproliferation strategies, developing methodologies for measuring the resilience of the nonproliferation system, and accounting for interactions of the nonproliferation system with other systems on larger and smaller scales." This report contains graphs and charts.
Sandia National Laboratories
Pregenzer, Arian L.
2011-12
-
Cyber Threat Metrics
"Threats are generally much easier to list than to describe, and much easier to describe than to measure. As a result, many organizations list threats. Fewer describe them in useful terms, and still fewer measure them in meaningful ways. This is particularly true in the dynamic and nebulous domain of cyber threats--a domain that tends to resist easy measurement and, in some cases, appears to defy any measurement. We believe the problem is tractable. In this report we describe threat metrics and models for characterizing threats consistently and unambiguously."
Sandia National Laboratories
Mateski, Mark; Trevino, Cassandra M.; Veitch, Cynthia K.
2012-03
-
Defining and Computing a Value Based Cyber-Security Measure
"Threats are generally much easier to list than to describe, and much easier to describe than to measure. As a result, many organizations list threats. Fewer describe them in useful terms, and still fewer measure them in meaningful ways. This is particularly true in the dynamic and nebulous domain of cyber threats--a domain that tends to resist easy measurement and, in some cases, appears to defy any measurement. We believe the problem is tractable. In this report we describe threat metrics and models for characterizing threats consistently and unambiguously."
Sandia National Laboratories
Trevino, Cassandra M.; Michalski, John T.; Veitch, Cynthia K.
2012-03
-
Systems Analysis of Past, Present, and Future Chemical Terrorism Scenarios
"Throughout history, as new chemical threats arose, strategies for the defense against chemical attacks have also evolved. As a part of an Early Career Laboratory Directed Research and Development project, a systems analysis of past, present, and future chemical terrorism scenarios was performed to understand how the chemical threats and attack strategies change over time. For the analysis, the difficulty in executing chemical attack was evaluated within a framework of three major scenario elements. First, historical examples of chemical terrorism were examined to determine how the use of chemical threats, versus other weapons, contributed to the successful execution of the attack. Using the same framework, the future of chemical terrorism was assessed with respect to the impact of globalization and new technologies. Finally, the efficacy of the current defenses against contemporary chemical terrorism was considered briefly. The results of this analysis justify the need for continued diligence in chemical defense."
Sandia National Laboratories
Hoette, Trisha M.
2012-03
-
Technical Cooperation on Nuclear Security between the United States and China: Review of the Past and Opportunities for the Future
"The United States and China are committed to cooperation to address the challenges of the next century. Technical cooperation, building on a long tradition of technical exchange between the two countries, can play an important role. This paper focuses on technical cooperation between the United States and China in the areas of nonproliferation, arms control and other nuclear security topics. It reviews cooperation during the 1990s on nonproliferation and arms control under the U.S.-China Arms Control Exchange, discusses examples of ongoing activities under the Peaceful Uses of Technology Agreement to enhance security of nuclear and radiological material, and suggests opportunities for expanding technical cooperation between the defense nuclear laboratories of both countries to address a broader range of nuclear security topics."
Sandia National Laboratories
Pregenzer, Arian L.
2011-12
-
Project Accomplishments Summary: Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (#1573.94) Between Sandia National Labs and Lockheed Martin Corporation
"As the national focus on cyber security increases, there is an evolving need for a capability to provide for high-speed sensing of events, correlation of events, and decision-making based on the adverse events seen across multiple independent large-scale network environments. The purpose of this Shared Vision project, Cyber Security Indications and Warning System, was to combine both Sandia's and LMC [Lockheed Martin Corporation]'s expertise to discover new solutions to the challenge of protecting our nation's infrastructure assets. The objectives and scope of the proposal was limited to algorithm and High Performance Computing (HPC) model assessment in the unclassified environment within funding and schedule constraints. The interest is the identification, scalability assessment, and applicability of current utilized cyber security algorithms as applied in an HPC environment."
Sandia National Laboratories
2011-09-08?
-
Risk-Based Assessment of the Surety of Information Systems
"When software is used in safety-critical, security-critical, or mission-critical situations, it is imperative to understand and manage the risks involved. A risk assessment methodology and toolset have been developed which are specific to software systems and address a broad range of risks including security, safety, and correct operation. A unique aspect of this methodology is the use of a modeling technique that captures interactions and tradeoffs among risk mitigators. This paper describes the concepts and components of the methodology and presents its application to example systems."
Sandia National Laboratories
Jansma, Roxana M.; Fletcher, Sharon K.; Murphy, Martin D.
1996-07
-
U.S. Public Perspectives on Security: Nuclear Weapons, Terrorism, Energy and the Environment: 2011
"We report findings from a national Internet survey and a subset of questions administered by telephone in mid-2011 on public assessments of contemporary and emerging interstate nuclear threats, support for strategic arms control, and preferences for responding to limited nuclear attacks on the United States. Additionally, we analyze public views of the threat of terrorism, including cyber attacks, assessments of progress in the struggle against terrorism, and preferences for responding to an act of radiological terrorism against the United States. Also, we report findings from an Internet survey and a subset of questions administered by telephone among the American public in mid-2011 on US energy and environmental security. Key areas of investigation include public views on energy requirements, preferences for energy sources, energy conservation versus development, energy independence, implications of events at Fukushima, Japan, for US public support of nuclear generation, preferences for managing used nuclear fuel, and trust in nuclear risk assessments from government and other public sources."
Sandia National Laboratories
Herron, Kerry G.; Jenkins-Smith, Hank C.; Silva, Carol L.
2012-02
-
Co-Implementation of Compstat and Community Policing: A National Assessment
"In the last quarter century or so, Compstat (CS) and community policing (CP) have emerged as powerful engines of police reform in the United States. CS is a strategic management system focused on reducing serious crime by decentralizing decision-making to middle managers operating out of districts or precincts, by holding these managers accountable for performance, and by increasing the police organization's capacity to identify, understand, and monitor responses to crime problems. Community policing can be characterized as a philosophy and an organizational strategy designed to reduce crime and disorder through community partnerships, problem solving, and the delegation of greater decision-making authority to patrol officers and their sergeants at the beat level. It varies more than Compstat from place to place in response to local problems and community resources. […] This report presents findings from the first national assessment of CS and CP as co-implemented reforms. Given that systematic research on the co-implementation of CS and CP is scarce, the first purpose of this project was to illuminate the current state of implementation of each reform in the United States and the nature and extent of compatibility problems. Thus, we begin by drawing on data from our national survey to provide a profile of CS and CP in large police agencies. The purpose of the profile is to show what local police departments were doing with each reform, why they decided to adopt them, what some of the differences were between co-implementing and CP-only departments, and what some of the benefits and challenges were that arose from operating both reforms simultaneously."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Willis, James J.; Mastrofski, Stephen D.; Kochel, Tammy Rinehart
2010-10
-
Assessing Responses to Problems: An Introductory Guide for Police Problem-Solvers [2011]
"The purpose of assessing a problem-solving effort is to help you make better decisions by answering two specific questions. First, did the problem decline? Answering this question helps you decide whether to end the problem-solving effort and focus resources on other problems. Second, if the problem did decline, did the response cause the decline? Answering this question helps you decide whether to apply the response to similar problems. […] This introduction to problem-solving assessments is intended to help you design evaluations to answer the two questions above. It was written for those who are responsible for evaluating the effectiveness of responses to problems, and who have a basic understanding of problem-oriented policing and the problem-solving process. This guide assumes a basic understanding of the SARA problem-solving process (scanning, analysis, response, and assessment), but it requires little or no experience with assessing problem solutions. This guide was written based on the assumption that you have no outside assistance. Nevertheless, you should seek the advice and help of researchers with training and experience in evaluation, particularly if the problem you are addressing is large and complex. Requesting aid from an independent outside evaluator can be particularly helpful if there is controversy over a response's usefulness. Local colleges and universities are a good source for such expertise. Many social science departments--economics, political science, sociology, psychology, and criminal justice/criminology--have faculty and graduate students who are knowledgeable in program evaluation and related topics."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Eck, John E.
2011-08
-
Student Party Riots
"Alcohol-related riots among university students pose a significant problem for police agencies that serve college communities. This guide provides a framework for understanding student gatherings. The framework can be used to investigate the local problem of student party riots and to develop proactive strategies to reduce the potential for student violence. This guide also summarizes interventions used to control past disturbances."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Eck, John E.; Madensen, Tamara
2006-02
-
Effects of Problem-Oriented Policing on Crime and Disorder [2012]
"We conducted a systematic review to examine the effectiveness of problem-oriented policing (POP) in reducing crime and disorder. Eligible studies had to meet three criteria: (1) the SARA [Scanning, Analysis, Response and Assessment] model was used; (2) a comparison group was included; (3) at least one crime or disorder outcome was reported. Units of analysis could be places or people. After an exhaustive search strategy that identified over 5,500 articles and reports, we found only 10 studies that met our main inclusion criteria. This result is particularly surprising given the strong support that has been voiced for POP by both scholars and practitioners. Using meta-analytic techniques, we find an overall modest but statistically significant impact of POP on crime and disorder. We also report on our analysis of pre/post comparison studies. While these studies are less methodologically rigorous, they are more numerous, and our search identified 45 studies that met our other criteria, but did not have a comparison group. Results of these studies indicate an overwhelmingly positive impact of POP. Overall, our results suggest problem-oriented policing has a modest impact on reducing crime and disorder, but we urge caution in interpreting these findings, because of the small number of eligible studies we located in our main analysis, and the diverse group of problems and responses these studies included."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Weisburd, David; Telep, Cody W.; Hinkle, Joshua C.
2012-06
-
Pedestrian Injuries and Fatalities
"In 2003, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reported that approximately 4,700 pedestrians were killed and another 70,000 injured due to pedestrian-vehicle crashes. On average, a pedestrian is killed in a traffic collision every 113 minutes and injured every eight minutes. This problem-oriented guide for police by Justin A. Heinonen and John E. Eck examines the problem of pedestrian-vehicle crashes resulting in injuries and fatalities. It then provides a series of questions to help law enforcement analyze their local pedestrian injury and fatality problem. Finally, it reviews responses to the problem and what is known about them from evaluative research and police practice."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Heinonen, Justin A.; Eck, John E.
2007-10
-
Street Robbery
"Street Robbery provides an overview of the problem of stranger perpetrated street robbery and the factors contributing to its occurrence. This guide also provides a series of questions to consider when analyzing your street robbery problem and reviews responses to the problem and what is known about them from evaluative research and police practice."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Eck, John E.; Heinonen, Justin A.; Monk, Khadija M.
2010-04
-
SRO Performance Evaluation: A Guide to Getting Results
"SRO Performance Evaluation: A Guide to Getting Results is a step-by-step guide to help law enforcement and school personnel use SRO performance evaluation differently than they have in the past in an effort to better address school crime and disorder problems. This guide provides: A framework for understanding why outcome-based performance evaluation is important to law enforcement agencies, in general, and to SROs, in particular; A rationale for asking SRO customers to provide input into the outcome-oriented goals for SROs; A step-by-step strategy for implementing an outcome-oriented performance evaluation process for SROs; Tools to help implement the outcome-oriented performance evaluation process."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Laszlo, Anna T.; Kochel, Tammy Rinehart; Nickles, Laura B.
2005
