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Executive Order 12882: President's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology
This executive order establishes the President's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology, as well as its functions and administration. "There is established the Presidents Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology ('PCAST'). PCAST shall be composed of not more than 16 members, one of whom shall be the Assistant to the President for Science and Technology ('Assistant'), and 15 of whom shall be distinguished individuals from the nonfederal sector appointed by the President. The nonfederal sector members shall be representative of the diverse perspectives and expertise in this Nations investments in science and technology."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Clinton, Bill, 1946-
1993-11-23
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Army Field Manual: NBC Reconnaissance
This publication is the doctrinal guide for NBC reconnaissance. It provides guidance on the planning and execution of NBC reconnaissance missions and chemical/biological (CB)
sampling operations. This manual applies to any unit that has the primary or implied mission of performing NBC reconnaissance. NBC recon provides early warning, determines the concentration and type of agent, and locates the boundaries of contamination. The information derived from the intelligence
preparation of the battlefield (IPB) and the conduct of effective NBC recon operations are key factors for battlefield management. The avoidance of NBC contamination facilitates
freedom of movement and maneuver for our forces. Contamination avoidance procedures are discussed in greater detail in FM 3-3 and FM 3-3-1. NBC recon performs five critical tasks on the battlefield-- detect, identify, mark, report, and sample. This manual also provides the principles and techniques used by NBC recon units. It defines the capabilities and limitations of these organizations.
United States. Department of Defense
1993-11-19
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US Army Field Manual: Chemical Staffs and Units
This field manual prescribes the doctrine for chemical staff sections and unit deployment. It prescribes the fundamental principles for chemical staff functions, command and control of chemical units, and chemical unit employment.
United States. Army
1993-11-19?
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Whether Missouri Municipalities May Tax the Portion of Federal Salaries Voluntarily Contributed to the Thrift Savings Plan: Memorandum for James S. Gilliland, General Counsel, Department of Agriculture [November 10, 1993]
"You have requested our opinion on the following question: must the National Finance Center ('NFC') of the Department of Agriculture ('USDA') withhold and remit local earnings taxes levied by the municipalities of St. Louis and Kansas City, Missouri, upon that portion of federal employees' salaries voluntarily contributed to the Thrift Savings Plan ('TSP')? The Financial Management Service ('FMS') of the Department of the Treasury ('Treasury') has taken the position that NFC should not withhold the Kansas City earnings taxes on TSP contributions of FMS employees because similar payments made by municipal employees are not subject to the earnings tax. As we explain in further detail below, we disagree with this approach because TSP contributions, which are held in trust for the contributors, can be distinguished from the deferred compensation plan payments that are exempt -- by a court ruling -- from earnings taxes. Thus, intergovernmental tax immunity does not preclude the Missouri municipalities from levying an earnings tax on voluntary TSP contributions. The St. Louis and Kansas City earnings taxes should be withheld and remitted."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1993-11-10
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Pueblo Community Direction and Control Exercise 1993 (Pueblo Community DCX 93)
"The Pueblo Community has completed its initial cycle of Federallymanaged Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program (CSEPP) exercises/ i.e., a Tabletop Exercise (TTX) conducted in May 1992, a Direction and Control Exercise (DCX) conducted in July 1992, and a Full-Scale Exercise (FSX) conducted in September 1992. This exercise is the first to be held in the Pueblo Community during the sustainment phase, which calls for a specific type of CSEPP exercise to be conducted on a recurring two-year cycle with a DCX in the first year and an FSX during the following year."
Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program
1993-11-09
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Presidential Decision Directive 14: Counter-Narcotics 'Andean Strategy'
"The President today [November 3, 1993] signed a decision directive that provides a policy framework for U.S. international drug control efforts as part of the Administration's over-all counter-drug policy. "The President designated Director Lee Brown of the Office of National Drug Control Policy as responsible for oversight and direction for all counter-drug policies, in coordination with the National Security Council. In his directive to agencies involved in the fight against illicit drugs in the hemisphere, the President said that the scourge of illegal narcotics is severely damaging the social fabric of the United States and other countries."
United States. White House Office
1993-11-03
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Legal Significance of Presidential Signing Statements: Memorandum for Bernard N. Nussbaum, Counsel to the President [November 3, 1993]
"This memorandum provides you with an analysis of the legal significance of Presidential signing statements. It is addressed to the questions that have been raised about the usefulness or validity of a such statements. We believe that such statements may on appropriate occasions perform useful and legally significant functions. These functions include (1) explaining to the public, and particularly to constituencies interested in the bill, what the President believes to be the likely effects of its adoption, (2) directing subordinate officers within the Executive Branch how to interpret or administer the enactment, and (3) informing Congress and the public that the Executive believes that a particular provision would be unconstitutional in certain of its applications, or that it is unconstitutional on its face, and that the provision will not be given effect by the Executive Branch to the extent that such enforcement would create an unconstitutional condition. These functions must be carefully distinguished from a much more controversial -- and apparently recent -- use of Presidential signing statements, i.e., to create legislative history to which the courts are expected to give some weight when construing the enactment. In what follows, we outline the rationales for the first three functions, and then consider arguments for and against the fourth function. The Appendix to the memorandum surveys the use of signing statements by earlier Presidents and provides examples of such statements that were intended to have legal significance or effects."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1993-11-03
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Natural Disaster Survey Report: Hurricane Andrew: South Florida and Louisiana, August 23-26, 1992
"The primary purpose of this disaster survey has been to evaluate the performance of the NWS in fulfilling its mission of providing timely warnings and accurate forecasts for Hurricane Andrew. The responsibilities of NOAA, the parent agency of the NWS, are broader. The NWS' products and services are key to severe storm preparedness and the mitigation of its impact: its SLOSH (Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes) models are used by emergency evacuation planners; its wind speed measurements are used to develop building codes and to design buildings; and its warnings and forecasts are instrumental to placing a timetable on implementing preparedness actions and response efforts. But NOAA's partnership role with states in managing the Nation's coastal zone, NOAA's trustee responsibility for marine resources, and other agencywide concerns compel NOAA to step outside of the traditional NWS format in this preface to comment on Hurricane Andrew's consequences in south Florida and Louisiana. NOAA and the NWS are dedicated to a continuing improvement in warnings and forecasts, thereby allowing emergency management officials lead time to take lifesaving action. But, if disastrous consequences are to be mitigated, the coastal zone and other areas at risk must be managed in recognition of the awful threat to life and property that hurricanes pose. Hurricanes, of course, are natural meteorological events. In the absence of people and their property, hurricanes expend their force against marine and terrestrial ecosystems that adapt to the storm's destruction. People and their property, unfortunately, are not as resilient as damaged ecosystems."
United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1993-11
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Executive Order 12876: Historically Black Colleges and Universities
"There shall be established in the Department of Education the President's Board of Advisors on Historically Black Colleges and Universities ('Board of Advisors' or 'Board'), a Presidential advisory committee. The Board of Advisors shall issue an annual report to the President on participation by historically Black colleges and universities in federally sponsored programs. The Board of Advisors will also provide advice to the Secretary of Education ('Secretary') and in the annual report to the President on how to increase the private sector role in strengthening historically Black colleges and universities, with particular emphasis on enhancing institutional infrastructure and facilitating planning, development, and the use of new technologies to ensure the goal of long-term viability and enhancement of these institutions."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Clinton, Bill, 1946-
1993-11-01
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Federal Guide for a Radiological Response: Supporting the Nuclear Regulatory Commission During the Initial Hours of a Serious Accident
"This document is a planning guide for those Federal agencies that work with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) during the initial hours of response to a serious radiological emergency in which the NRC is the Lead Federal Agency (LFA). These Federal agencies are: DOE [Department of Energy], EPA [Environmental Protection Agency], USDA [United States Department of Agriculture], HHS [Health and Human Services], NOAA [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration], and FEMA [Federal Emergency Management Agency]. This guide is intended to help these agencies prepare for a prompt response. Instructions are provided on receiving the initial notification, the type of person to send to the scene, the facility at which people are needed, how to get them to that facility, and what they should do when they arrive. Federal agencies not specifically mentioned in this guide may also be asked to support the NRC."
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office for Analysis and Evaluation of Operational Data. Division of Operational Assessment
1993-11
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Evaluating Small Board and Care Homes: Sprinklered vs. Nonsprinklered Fire Protection
"This report studied the effectiveness of sprinklered and nonsprinklered fire protection options in small Board and Care homes. The tools used to compare the effectiveness these fire protection options were mathematical fire models, experimental data and documented fire incidents. The mathematical models estimated fire protection effectiveness through a margin of safety analysis. The margin of safety is defined in this report as the excess time an evacuee has to reach a point of safety before that evacuee's exit path becomes untenable. The margin of safety calculations considered fire growth, detection/Alarm activation, evacuee egress movement and smoke tenability analysis. Two egress movement plans were simulated; one plan reflected necessary movement in a one-exit home, the second plan reflected movement in a two-exit home. Two fast-growing, large flashover fires (with high and low CO production rates) and a small, smoldering fire were modeled. Two sets of full-scale sprinklered and post-flashover fire experiments, as well as 61 documented fire incident were included in the study of fire protection system effectiveness."
United States Fire Administration
1993-11
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DOE Standard: Licensed Reactor Nuclear Safety Criteria Applicable to DOE Reactors
"The Department of Energy (DOE) Order DOE 5480.6, 'Safety of Department of Energy-Owned Nuclear Reactors,' establishes reactor safety requirements to assure that reactors are sited, designed, constructed, modified, operated, maintained, and decommissioned in a manner that adequately protects health and safety and is in accordance with uniform standards, guides, and codes which are consistent with those applied to comparable licensed reactors. This document identifies nuclear safety criteria applied to licensed reactors. The degree of application of these criteria to a DOE-owned reactor, consistent with their application to comparable licensed reactors, must be determined by the DOE and DOE contractor."
United States. Department of Energy
1993-11
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Covert Channel Analysis of Trusted Systems. A Guide to Understanding.
"This document provides a set of good practices related to covert channel analysis of systems employed for processing classified and other sensitive information. It's written to help vendors and evaluators understand covert channel analysis requirements. It contains suggestions and recommendations derived from Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC) objectives but which aren't required by the TCSEC. Computer security, Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC), Automated information system (AIS), Covert channel analysis, Operating systems."
Naval Coastal Systems Center (U.S.)
Gligor, Virgil
1993-11
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Operations Other Than War, Volume III: Civil Disturbance - L.A. Riots
"Civil Disturbance Operations is one facet of the U.S. Army's vital mission to conduct 'operations other than war'. The Los Angeles civil disturbance presented a unique opportunity for the U.S. Army to provide needed support and assistance to victims, and civilian and governmental agencies at the local, state and federal levels. The Los Angeles civil disturbance operation is a success story that demonstrated the readiness, training and deployability of our forces in time of need. This newsletter contains lessons and information on what began as a relatively small scale disturbance in south central Los Angeles. The disturbance spread rapidly, however, overwhelming local authorities. Emerging doctrine must pay particular attention to unique threat and closer relationships the military must have with civilian law enforcement agencies. It must detail the type of support necessary to deal with today's complex civil disturbance dilemmas, as well as provide guidance for the army to execute selective mobilization, which could include calling the National Guard into federal service."
U.S. Army Combined Arms Center
1993-11
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Alert Series: Liberia: Disintegration of the Liberian Nation since the 1989 Civil War
"In December 1989, a small group of Liberian rebels crossed the border from Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) into Liberia's Nimba County, sparking off a civil war that would eventually lead to the overthrow of President Samuel Kanyon Doe. Although many Liberians were glad to see Doe's repressive regime removed, no group that emerged from the civil war was powerful enough to replace the Doe government. As a result, the Republic of Liberia was plunged into a state of chaos from which it has yet to emerge. In the meantime, Liberia has effectively ceased to exist as a nation. Despite a cease-fire agreement signed in Bamako, Mali, in 1990, the civil war never really ended, and with the escalation of violence that began in August 1992 it seemed as if even the limited peace Liberia possessed had been completely shattered. The re-emergence of overt civil war threatened to return Liberia to the state of terror and brutality that prompted Africa Watch monitors to call Liberia a 'human rights disaster.'1 In July 1993, the parties involved returned to Geneva for yet another round of peace talks, resulting in the signing of a new agreement in Cotonou, Benin, on July 25, 1993. The agreement provides for a cease-fire beginning on August 1, to be followed by the formation of a transitional government in September and the holding of elections in February 1994."
United States. Immigration and Naturalization Service; INS Resource Information Center
1993-11
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Profile Series: Pakistan
This profile gives a current overview (1993) of Pakistan and discusses the following groups: the Ahmadi Community, the People's Party of Pakistan, the Mohajirs, Women, and Religious Minorities.
United States. Immigration and Naturalization Service; INS Resource Information Center
1993-11
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Constitutionality of Health Care Reform: Memorandum for Attorney General Janet Reno and Associate Attorney General Webster L. Hubbell [October 29, 1993]
"The Health Security Act creates for all citizens the security that health care coverage will always be available to them. It accomplishes this by building on the existing American system for providing health care, which largely operates through employers. Much of the system will be administered by the states, which will have primary responsibility to ensure that regional health alliances are established, to certify accountable health plans, and to provide mechanisms to resolve complaints and disputes. This legislation is well within the long-recognized authority of the federal government. It is fair to say that, just as the substantive contents of the legislation draw on existing models and approaches to health care delivery and financing, the structure, processes and mechanisms the legislation uses to accomplish its substantive objectives draw on already existing and validated techniques that the national government has employed on numerous other occasions. Notwithstanding the well-established legitimacy of the means that the Act employs to achieve a public purpose of paramount importance, some special interests have such financial stake in the current system that they have strong incentives to challenge the Act even on highly implausible grounds, if the consequences of doing so were to alter the ultimate design of the system even slightly in their favor."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1993-10-29
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Applicability of the Emoluments Clause to Non-Government Members of ACUS: Memorandum for Gary J. Edles, General Counsel, Administrative Conference of the United States
"This memorandum responds to your request of July 30, 1993, which sought clarification of a portion of our April 29, 1991, letter to the Deputy Counsel to the President. Specifically, you raise two questions concerning the advice we gave on that occasion concerning the scope and application of the Emoluments Clause, U.S. Const., art. I, § 9, cl. 8. After noting that a significant number of the 101 members of the Administrative Conference (the Conference or ACUS) are lawyers in private practice, professors of law, or other experts in administrative law, you ask whether the Emoluments Clause prevents service on the Conference by private individuals who receive a partnership distribution from his or her firm that may include income received by the firm from a foreign government solely because of the pooling of partnership revenues. Further, you ask whether the Clause prevents service on the Conference by a private individual who receives payment from government-owned or controlled instrumentalities that do not engage in traditional functions -- including, but not limited to, foreign public universities."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1993-10-28
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Executive Order 12875: Enhancing the Intergovernmental Partnership
"The Federal Government is charged with protecting the health and safety, as well as promoting other national interests, of the American people. However, the cumulative effect of unfunded Federal mandates has increasingly strained the budgets of State, local, and tribal governments. In addition, the cost, complexity, and delay in applying for and receiving waivers from Federal requirements in appropriate cases have hindered State, local, and tribal governments from tailoring Federal programs to meet the specific or unique needs of their communities. These governments should have more flexibility to design solutions to the problems faced by citizens in this country without excessive micromanagement and unnecessary regulation from the Federal Government."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Clinton, Bill, 1946-
1993-10-26
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Sodium Explosion Critically Burns Firefighters
This report illustrates how quickly and unpredictably an apparently minor hazardous materials situation can change and how standard protective clothing and equipment, designed for structural firefighting, is dangerously inadequate for a molten metals.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1993-10-25
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Latin America: The Unfinished Business of Security
"The authors explore the relationship between the theory and practice of democracy in Latin America and the changing roles of the U.S. and Latin American militaries. This is a period when many Latin American countries continue to be threatened by guerrilla movements and/or resurgent militarism and/or narcotrafficking. Among lessons learned during the 1980s are the critical importance of democratization, civilian responsibility, and the development of a civil-military dialogue for the ongoing challenge of maintaining national security. The authors emphasize the importance of keeping an open mind with regard to the threat that narcotrafficking poses to hemispheric security."
Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
Schulz, Donald E., 1942-; Marcella, Gabriel
1993-10-20
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Executive Order 12873: Federal Acquisition, Recycling, and Waste Prevention
"Consistent with the demands of efficiency and cost effectiveness, the head of each Executive agency shall incorporate waste prevention and recycling in the agency's daily operations and work to increase and expand markets for recovered materials through greater Federal Government preference and demand for such products. This order creates a Federal Environmental Executive and establishes high-level Environmental Executive positions within each agency to be responsible for expediting the implementation of this order and statutes that pertain to this order."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Clinton, Bill, 1946-
1993-10-20
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Recommended Fire Safety Practices for Transit Bus and Van Materials Selection
"The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) after receiving comments on two previously published Notices, is revising it Recommended Fire Safety Practices for Transit Bus and Van Materials Selection guidelines. This Notice describes FTA's recommended procedure for testing the ability of foam materials to retain fire retardant chemicals after they have been exposed to water, discusses FTA's position on smoke emission performance criteria for seat cushions, and corrects typographical error. These practices are recommendations rather than requirements and are not binding on FTA's grantees, but do reflect FTA's interest in promoting safety issues."
United States. Federal Transit Administration
1993-10-20
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Liability of the United States for State and Local Taxes on Seized and Forfeited Property: Memorandum for Cary H. Copeland, Director and Chief Counsel, Executive Office for Asset Forfeiture [October 18, 1993]
"You have asked us to reconsider our opinion that property seized by and forfeited to the United States is not subject to state or local taxation for the period between the commission of the offense that leads to the order of forfeiture and the entry of the order of forfeiture. See Liability of the United States for State and Local Taxes on Seized and Forfeited Property, 15 Op. O.L.C. [Office of Legal Counsel] 85 (1991) (preliminary print) ('Harrison Memorandum'). In light of the Supreme Court's decision in United States v. 92 Buena Vista Ave., 113 S. Ct. 1126 (1993), we partially reverse our opinion. Because states and localities may not tax federal property (absent express congressional authorization), the time at which ownership of forfeited property passes to the United States and the extent of the ownership interest that passes to the United States determine whether state and local taxes are owed. In many property transactions, the time and the extent of transfer of ownership are unambiguous and independent issues. In cases of transfers of ownership under the federal forfeiture statutes, however, the answer to the question of when ownership is transferred has been a matter of dispute, and of great consequence for the extent of the interest transferred."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1993-10-18
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AF Instruction 14-102: International Intelligence Agreements
This instruction implements AFPD 14-1, "Intelligence Management". It guides the process of negotiating, concluding, changing, and terminating military-to-military international intelligence agreements (IIA) with foreign governments and international organizations. This instruction does not apply to Air Force Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) activities. This is the initial publication of AFI 14-102, substantially revising AFR 200-25. This publication is available digitally on the SAF/AAD WWW site at: http://afpubs.hq.af.mil.
United States. Department of the Air Force
1993-10-15
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Hamas: The Organizations, Goals and Tactics of a Militant Palestinian Organization [October 14, 1993]
"The United States has taken a strong stand against Hamas because of its use of violence and its opposition to U.S. interests in the Middle East. There is added concern on the part of U.S. policymakers because of reports that Hamas is receiving support from Iran and is collaborating with its Lebanese client, Hizbullah. The Hamas representative in Iran denied the PLO allegation that it had received $30 million from Iran in 1992, but he acknowledged Iranian assistance to `Palestinian groups.' There are few particulars about Hamas collaboration with Hizbullah; the inference is that Hamas militants have been given refuge in southern Lebanon where they receive training and support from Hizbullah guerrillas. The accumulation of evidence was persuasive enough to convince the State Department to add Hamas to its list of groups known to use terrorist means, issued in April 1993."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
1993-10-14
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Immigration Consequences of Undocumented Aliens' Arrival in United States Territorial Waters: Memorandum for the Attorney General [October 13, 1993]
"This memorandum responds to requests made by the Office of the Associate Attorney General and the General Counsel's Office of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) for our views on the consequences under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) of an undocumented alien's arrival in United States territorial waters. Specifically, we have been asked whether undocumented aliens who have been interdicted within United States territorial waters are entitled to an exclusion hearing under section 236 of the INA. We have also been asked to review the INS's enforcement authority under INA section 287, and to assess the INS's recent interpretive regulation, 57 Fed. Reg. 47,257 (1992), codified at 8 C.F.R. § 287 (1993), insofar as it purports to define the 'external boundaries' of the United States under INA section 287. We understand that resolution of these issues is of some urgency because the United States has been interdicting, within its territorial waters, vessels transporting large numbers of undocumented aliens seeking admission into the United States from various foreign countries. These activities have raised the question whether the United States must provide exclusion proceedings for such aliens. Agencies represented on the Working Group on Ocean Policy and the Law of the Sea, in particular the State Department and the United States Coast Guard, have expressed an interest in the issues. We have therefore invited, and received, the views of the State Department and the Coast Guard."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1993-10-13
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Evaluation of the Handling of the Branch Davidian Stand-Off in Waco, Texas, February 28 to April 19, 1993 [Redacted]
From the Introduction: "This is a critical retrospective evaluation of the activities of the United States Department of Justice ('Department') and the Federal Bureau of Investigation ('FBI') during the fifty-one day stand-off at the Branch Davidians' Mt. Carmel compound near Waco, Texas which ended on April 19, 1993 when fire consumed the compound, killing David Koresh and most of his followers. To make this evaluation, I have reviewed the procedures followed by the Department and the FBI, giving particular attention to the means employed, the alternatives considered and the decisions made in attempting to resolve the stand-off."
United States. Department of Justice
1993-10-08
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Report to the Deputy Attorney General on the Events at Waco, Texas: February 28 to April 19, 1993
"What follows is an attempt to explain what actually happened at the Branch Davidian compound between the arrival of the FBI on February 28, and the aftermath of the fire that occurred on April 19. As of the date of this report, the federal trial of the 12 individuals charged with the responsibility for the incidents in Waco has not yet occurred. Therefore, it can be anticipated that many additional facts will come out at trial which are not contained in this report. Nevertheless, we believe this report to be accurate and based upon solid evidentiary grounds; we expect additional details to be revealed at trial. This report has been prepared with the cooperation of literally hundreds of individuals. Approximately 950 interviews were conducted, and tens of thousands of pages of documents and transcripts were read and analyzed. This underlying documentation will be made available to the public, subject to the protection of information relating to sensitive law enforcement sources and methods, and personal privacy concerns, upon the completion of the pending prosecutions in the Western District of Texas. The report begins with a brief history of the Branch Davidian sect and the teachings of David Koresh. There follows a day-by-day chronology of the relevant events during the 51-day standoff. After this chronology, the report will address in more detail numerous areas of particular interest, such as negotiation strategies, the attitudes of individuals in the compound, the decision-making process within law enforcement, the planning for the April 19 insertion of gas, and the aftermath of the fire."
United States. Department of Justice
1993-10-08
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DoD Directive 4640.7: DoD Telecommunications Systems (DTS) in the National Capital Region (NCR)
This Directive updates policy, responsibilities, and procedures for the acquisition, management, and operation of a consolidated and centrally managed telecommunications system. That system includes support to Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C3I) functions for the Department of Defense in the NCR.
United States. Department of Defense
1993-10-07
