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Panama: An Overview [Updated July 18, 2022]
From the Document: "Panama's central location in the Americas (linking North and South America), large financial sector, use of the U.S. dollar as currency, and transportation infrastructure-- especially the Panama Canal, which connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans--make the country a global trade hub and a strategic partner for the United States. [...] Panama holds regular free and fair democratic elections and generally respects civil liberties and political rights, although corruption remains a challenge. Current President Laurentino 'Nito' Cortizo of the center-left Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD) won a narrow victory in Panama's May 2019 elections, receiving 33% of the vote in a seven-candidate contest. Cortizo's PRD also won 35 seats in Panama's 71-seat National Assembly; it is working in coalition with the National Republican Liberal Movement (Molirena), which has five seats in the assembly, providing the government with a majority. The next national elections, both legislative and presidential, are scheduled for May 2024; the constitution prohibits immediate presidential reelection for two terms."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sullivan, Mark P.
2022-07-18
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Palestinians: Overview, Aid, and U.S. Policy Issues [Updated July 18, 2022]
From the Document: "The Palestinians are an Arab people whose origins are in present-day Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza. Their ongoing disputes and interactions with Israel raise significant issues for U.S. policy (see 'U.S. Policy Issues and Aid' below). After a serious rupture in U.S.-Palestinian relations during the Trump Administration, the Biden Administration has reengaged with the Palestinian people and their leaders in the West Bank-based Palestinian Authority (PA), and resumed some aid--with hopes of preserving the viability of a negotiated two-state solution. The Palestinians aspire to an independent state with East Jerusalem as its capital."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Zanotti, Jim
2022-07-18
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World Bank [Updated July 18, 2022]
From the Document: "The World Bank, the oldest and largest multilateral development bank, provides financial assistance to developing countries to promote economic development. Established in 1945, the Bank initially focused on providing financing for large infrastructure projects. During the past 75 years, its role has broadened to include poverty reduction efforts through social projects (such as education and health) and policy-based loans. Congress appropriates U.S. financial contributions to the World Bank and exercises oversight of U.S. participation in the Bank."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Nelson, Rebecca M.
2022-07-18
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Buy American Act and Other Federal Procurement Domestic Content Restrictions [Updated July 18, 2022]
From the Summary: "Federal law imposes a number of restrictions requiring federal agencies to acquire items that are produced or manufactured in the United States. The Buy American Act of 1933 (BAA), the first of the major domestic content restriction laws, requires federal agencies to apply a price preference for 'domestic end products' and use 'domestic construction materials' for covered contracts performed in the United States. Whether an end product (i.e., an article, material, or supply to be acquired for public use) is considered domestic for BAA purposes depends, in part, upon whether it is unmanufactured or manufactured and whether it 'consist[s] wholly or predominately of iron or steel.' Federal law establishes a number of 'exceptions' or circumstances in which an agency may purchase foreign end products or permit the use of foreign construction materials without violating the BAA."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Carpenter, David Hatcher; Murrill, Brandon J.
2022-07-18
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China Primer: Illicit Fentanyl and China's Role [Updated July 18, 2022]
From the Document: "Addressing illicit fentanyl in the context of the ongoing opioid crisis in the United States is a domestic and foreign policy issue for the 117th Congress. In addressing the international dimensions of the problem, policymakers have endeavored to stop foreign-sourced fentanyl, fentanyl-related substances (i.e., analogues and precursor chemicals), and emerging synthetic opioids from entering the United States. U.S. counternarcotics policy has included a focus on reducing fentanyl and fentanyl precursor flows from the People's Republic of China (PRC, or China). Despite some early successes, cooperation with the PRC appears to have waned in recent years, consistent with an overall deterioration in U.S.-China relations."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Rosen, Liana W.; Barrios, Ricardo; Lawrence, Susan V.
2022-07-18
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Noncitizen Eligibility for Federal Housing Programs [Updated July 18, 2022]
From the Introduction: "The federal government has authorized and funds a variety of housing programs, including direct assistance for low-income renters; grants and other aid for states, localities, and nonprofits to meet local housing needs; and loans and loan guarantees for mortgage lending to support homeownership. The availability of these programs for noncitizens1 varies depending on the underlying laws that authorize or govern them, the federal agencies that administer them and the guidance they have issued, and the immigration status of a noncitizen and his or her household members. (While this report discusses policy implementation and the positions agencies have taken under the statutes, it does not provide a legal analysis of ambiguities in the statutes.) This report begins by introducing the range of federal housing programs and the range of immigration statuses of noncitizens. It continues with an overview of the relevant statutes governing noncitizen eligibility, followed by a discussion of policy implementation as applied to various programs. The report closes with a discussion of recent administrative actions relevant to federal housing programs."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
McCarty, Maggie; Kolker, Abigail F.
2022-07-18
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President Forms Emergency Board to Resolve Rail Labor Dispute [Updated July 18, 2022]
From the Document: "Effective July 18, 2022, President Biden created a three-person Emergency Board [hyperlink] to resolve a labor dispute affecting six major railroads and many smaller ones. All three members are attorneys who have served on prior Emergency Boards. Depending on what actions the board and Congress take, and the ongoing bargaining between railroads and 12 unions, the dispute could still lead to a work stoppage later this summer. Negotiations have occurred against a backdrop of declining railroad employment, a trend that began well in advance of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Since November 2018, railroad employment has shrunk by some 40,000 jobs, or by over 20%, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics [hyperlink]. Some of these job losses can be attributed to the decline in the transportation of coal, while others may have been due to new approaches to staffing and asset use within the rail industry."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Goldman, Ben
2022-07-18
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 2992, TBI and PTSD Law Enforcement Training Act
From the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate: "H.R. 2992 would direct the Department of Justice (DOJ) to develop crisis intervention training tools for use by first responders who interact with persons suffering from traumatic brain injuries [TBIs] and post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]. The act also would require the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to study and report about the prevalence and incidence of concussions among first responders. The act would authorize the appropriation of $54 million annually over the 2023-2027 period for a grant program administered by DOJ that funds treatment services for mentally ill adults and juveniles. Grants are awarded to local law enforcement and mental health agencies. In addition, H.R. 2992 would authorize funds to be used by DOJ to develop mental health training tools for use by local agencies and first responders. In fiscal year 2022, the Congress appropriated $40 million for the program. Using information provided by the agency and data about historical spending patterns for the program, CBO estimates the act would cost $203 million over the 2023-2027 period, and $67 million after 2027, assuming appropriation of the authorized amounts."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-07-18
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, July 15, 2022
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly (MMWR) is a government published scientific periodical series offering public health information. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Public Health Surveillance and Reporting for Human Toxoplasmosis -- Six States, 2021"; "Pediatric HIV Case Identification Across 22 PEPFAR [U.S. President's Emergency Plan forAIDS Relief] -Supported Countries During the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Pandemic, October 2019-September 2020"; "Safety Monitoring of COVID-19 mRNA [messenger ribonucleic acid] Vaccine First Booster Doses Among Persons Aged ≥12 Years with Presumed Immunocompromise Status -- United States, January 12, 2022-March 28, 2022"; "Rapid Diagnostic Testing for Response to the Monkeypox Outbreak -- Laboratory Response Network, United States, May 17-June 30, 2022"; "Notes from the Field: Outbreak of 'Salmonella' Enteritidis at a Correctional Facility Using Mechanically Separated Chicken -- Nebraska, 2022"; and "QuickStats: Percentage of Uninsured Adults Aged 18-64 Years, by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Selected Asian Subgroups -- National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2019-2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2022.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-07-15
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Navy Constellation (FFG-62) Class Frigate Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated July 15, 2022]
From the Introduction: "This report provides background information and discusses potential issues for Congress regarding the Navy's Constellation (FFG-62) class frigate program, a program to procure a new class of 20 guided-missile frigates (FFGs). The Navy's proposed FY2023 budget requests the procurement of the fourth ship in the program. The FFG-62 program presents several potential oversight issues for Congress. Congress's decisions on the program could affect Navy capabilities and funding requirements and the U.S. shipbuilding industrial base."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2022-07-15
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Navy Next-Generation Attack Submarine (SSN[X]) Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated July 15, 2022]
From the Introduction: "The Navy wants to begin procuring a new class of nuclear-powered attack submarine (SSN), called the Next-Generation Attack Submarine or SSN(X), in the mid-2030s. The SSN(X) would be the successor to the Virginia-class SSN design, which the Navy has been procuring since FY1998. The Navy's proposed FY2023 budget requests $237.0 million in research and development funding for the SSN(X) program."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2022-07-15
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Navy TAGOS-25 (Previously TAGOS[X]) Ocean Surveillance Shipbuilding Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated July 15, 2022]
From the Introduction: "The first of a planned class of seven new TAGOS [Tactical Auxiliary General Ocean Surveillance]-25 class ocean surveillance ships was procured in FY2022 at a cost of $434.4 million. The Navy wants to procure the second ship in FY2025. The Navy's proposed FY2023 budget requests no FY2023 procurement funding for the program."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2022-07-15
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Mandatory Minimum Sentencing: Federal Aggravated Identity Theft [Updated July 15, 2022]
From the Summary: "Aggravated identity theft is punishable by a mandatory minimum sentence of imprisonment for two years or by imprisonment for five years, if it relates to a terrorism offense. At least thus far, the government has rarely prosecuted the five-year terrorism form of the offense. The two-year offense occurs when an individual knowingly possesses, uses, or transfers the means of identification of another person, without lawful authority to do so, during and in relation to one of more than 60 predicate federal felony offenses (18 U.S.C. [United States Code] § [section] 1028A). Section 1028A has the effect of establishing a mandatory minimum sentence for those predicate felony offenses when they involve identity theft. A sentencing court has the discretion not to 'stack' or pancake multiple aggravated identity theft counts and, as with other mandatory minimums, may impose a sentence of less than the mandatory minimum at the request of the prosecution based on the defendant's substantial assistance. More than half of the judges responding to a United States Sentence Commission survey felt the two-year mandatory minimum penalty was generally appropriate. The Commission's report on mandatory minimum sentencing statutes is mildly complimentary of the provision."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Doyle, Charles
2022-07-15
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Navy John Lewis (TAO-205) Class Oiler Shipbuilding Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated July 15, 2022]
From the Introduction: "This report provides background information and issues for Congress on the John Lewis (TAO-205) class oiler shipbuilding program, a program to build a new class of 20 fleet oilers for the Navy. The issue for Congress is whether to approve, reject, or modify the Navy's annual ship authorization and funding requests and acquisition strategy for the program. Congress's decisions on this issue could affect Navy capabilities and funding requirements and the U.S. shipbuilding industrial base."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2022-07-15
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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, July 15, 2022: Effectiveness of 2, 3, and 4 COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Doses Among Immunocompetent Adults During Periods When SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2/BA.2.12.1 Sublineages Predominated -- VISION Network, 10 States, December 2021-June 2022
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This Early Release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Effectiveness of 2, 3, and 4 COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] mRNA [messenger ribonucleic acid] Vaccine Doses Among Immunocompetent Adults During Periods When SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] Omicron BA.1 and BA.2/BA.2.12.1 Sublineages Predominated -- VISION Network, 10 States, December 2021-June 2022." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from MMWR can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2022.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-07-15
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Abortion and Family Planning-Related Provisions in U.S. Foreign Assistance Law and Policy [Updated July 15, 2022]
From the Summary: "This report details legislation and policies that restrict or place requirements on U.S. funding of abortion or family planning activities abroad. The level and extent of federal funding for these activities is an ongoing and controversial issue in U.S. foreign assistance and has continued to be a point of contention during the 117th Congress. These issues have been debated for over four decades in the context of broader domestic abortion controversies. Since the Supreme Court's 1973 ruling in 'Roe v. Wade', Congress has enacted foreign assistance legislation placing restrictions or requirements on the federal funding of abortions and on family planning activities abroad. Many of these provisions, often referred to by the name of the lawmakers that introduced them, have been included in foreign aid authorizations, appropriations, or both, and affect different types of foreign assistance."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blanchfield, Luisa
2022-07-15
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Defense Primer: Exceptional Family Member Program (EFMP) [Updated July 15, 2022]
From the Document: "Congress authorizes programs and appropriated funds for servicemember and family benefits, including services to improve quality of life or attenuate military-specific challenges. Military families face frequent moves around the globe, often causing disruptions to spousal employment, school or child care arrangements, and other challenges associated with establishing a household in a new location. These challenges are often compounded for families with special needs. Military members who have a dependent (spouse, child, or dependent parent) with special needs may experience significant stress during these moves due to the need to find specialized health care providers, school systems with dedicated support services, and community support assistance. The military established the Exceptional Family Member Program (EFMP) to ease these additional burdens of a move for such families."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Mendez, Bryce H. P.
2022-07-15
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Iraq and U.S. Policy [Updated July 15, 2022]
From the Document: "In June 2022, Shia cleric Muqtada al Sadr directed his supporters to withdraw from the Council of Representatives (COR, Iraq's unicameral legislature), recasting the political dynamics of the country's long delayed government formation process. Iraq held a national election in October 2021 for the 329 members of the COR, the 'largest bloc' of whom the constitution tasks with nominating a president and designating a new prime minister. Negotiations among Iraqi political groups since the election to identify the new COR's largest bloc became deadlocked."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blanchard, Christopher M.
2022-07-15
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Lying in State or Honor in the U.S. Capitol by Non-Members of Congress [Updated July 15, 2022]
From the Document: "On July 14, 2022, Hershel Woodrow 'Woody' Williams [hyperlink], the last surviving World War II Medal of Honor recipient, lay in honor in the U.S. Capitol Rotunda. In a press release [hyperlink], House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer announced that ''When Woody lies in honor under the Capitol Dome, it will be with immense gratitude for his service that the Congress will pay tribute to this legendary hero--and all of the patriots who fought for our nation in World War II.'' Chief Warrant Officer 4 Williams was the 41 st individual to have lain in state or honor [hyperlink] in the Capitol Rotunda or National Statuary Hall. Before Mr. Williams, the most recent to lie in state in the Capitol Rotunda was Senator Harry Reid [hyperlink], on January 12, 2022, and the most recent to lie in state in National Statuary Hall was Representative Donald Young [hyperlink], on March 29, 2022. The most recent to lie in honor was United States Capitol Police Officer William 'Billy' F. Evans [hyperlink], on April 13, 2021."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Straus, Jacob R.
2022-07-15
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: Discretionary Spending Under H.R. 8294, the Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, Agriculture, Rural Development, Energy and Water Development, Financial Services and General Government, Interior, Environment, Military Construction, and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2023
From the Document: "Divisions A through F of H.R. 8294 would provide appropriations and authorities for fiscal year 2023 for the agencies covered by 6 of the 12 annual appropriation acts. In keeping with section 1 of H. Res. 1151, this table delineates CBO's [Congressional Budget Office's] estimate of base discretionary funding for 2023 and amounts designated for disaster relief, program integrity, and wildfire suppression. It also delineates emergency-designated funding."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-07-15
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 3502, Achieving Equity in Disaster Response, Recovery, and Resilience Act of 2022
From the Document: "S. 3502 would rename the Office of Equal Rights within the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) as the Office of Civil Rights, Equity, and Community Inclusion and would require the office to undertake additional activities with respect to disaster assistance for underserved communities. Specifically, the bill would require the office to: [1] Develop more comprehensive measures to evaluate the effectiveness of disaster assistance provided to underserved communities, [2] Establish an initiative to award grants to nonprofit entities that serve those communities, [3] Coordinate with other federal agencies and other interested parties to improve the provision of disaster assistance to people with disabilities; and [4] Report to the Congress every two years on the results of the new measures and on allegations of unequal disaster assistance investigated by the office. S. 3502 would authorize the appropriation of whatever amounts are necessary to implement the legislation."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-07-15
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 2428, False Claims Amendments Act of 2021
From the Bill Summary: "S. 2428 would amend the False Claims Act (FCA), which imposes liability on individuals or companies who defraud the government. Under FCA, whistleblowers, called relators, with knowledge of current or past instances of false or fraudulent conduct can file qui tam claims--legal actions on behalf of the government--for a share of the proceeds or settlement of the claim."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-07-15
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International Migration Trends in the Western Hemisphere [July 15, 2022]
From the Summary: "Countries throughout the Western Hemisphere have experienced increased migrant flows since the easing of travel restrictions related to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In some cases, these flows demonstrate new characteristics of trends that observers have highlighted for decades; in others, they evince trends that have emerged in the last 10 years. Migration in the Western Hemisphere is driven by various factors that experts typically categorize into two broad categories: 'push factors,' which drive people away from their place of residence, and 'pull factors,' which encourage people to move to a new place. Experts cite poor economic conditions, natural disasters, and insecurity as major push factors that have driven migration across the hemisphere. Enhanced economic opportunity, family reunification, and misinformation and disinformation about migration policy have served as pull factors that draw migrants to a new country. Migrants have adopted various tactics to reach their destinations. For example, observers have documented an increased use of social media by migrants and migrant smugglers, the use of commercial flights to third countries to facilitate migration routes, and the formation of migrant caravans."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Klein, Joshua
2022-07-15
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Information Manipulation and Repression: A Theory and Evidence from the COVID Response in Russia
From the Abstract: "Restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic were decried as an assault on individual freedoms, but were they, actually? In an authoritarian regime, yes. Using data from 83 Russian regions and the two-way fixed-effects design, we show that the extent of information manipulation measured by the difference between the excess mortality and the reported COVID-19 deaths, and repression such as arrests and detentions for violating lockdown rules were influenced by the strength of the local civil society and the opposition share in local parliaments. The tactics came at a price: the misinformation did reduce the compliance. These findings provide new evidence that authoritarian regimes, which might seem to be well-equipped to implement restrictive measures, are actually ill-suited to deal with public health challenges. Also, our results show that repression complements propaganda: more arrests increases the extent of information manipulation."
Becker Friedman Institute for Research in Economics
Lamberova, Natalia; Sonin, Konstantin
2022-07-15
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EMR-ISAC: InfoGram, Volume 22 Issue 28, July 14, 2022
The Emergency Management and Response Information Sharing and Analysis Center's (EMR-ISAC) InfoGram is a weekly publication of information concerning the protection of critical infrastructures relevant to members of the Emergency Services Sector. This issue includes the following articles: "International study finds that 'occupational exposure as a firefighter causes cancer'"; "SAFECOM [Safety Communications] and NCSWIC [National Council of Statewide Interoperability Coordinators] release case study on Nashville Christmas Day Bombing, focusing on emergency communications dependencies"; "Getting ready for the launch of 988, the new number for the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, webinar July 21"; "Virtual chemical response training from the Center for Domestic Preparedness"; "CISA [Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency] orders agencies to patch new Windows zero-day used in attacks"; "Microsoft releases open source toolkit for generating SBOMs [software bill of materials]"; "CISA Cyber Incident Response Training, upcoming webinars"; "Breaking down the BlackCat ransomware operation"; and "Honda redesigning latest vehicles to address key fob vulnerabilities."
Emergency Management and Response-Information Sharing and Analysis Center (U.S.)
2022-07-14
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NATO: Finland and Sweden Seek Membership [Updated July 14, 2022]
From the Document: "On June 29, 2022, heads of state and government from NATO's 30 member states (see Figure 1 [hyperlink]) unanimously agreed to invite [hyperlink] Finland and Sweden to join the alliance. Finland and Sweden formally applied [hyperlink] for membership on May 18, prompted by heightened security concerns about Russia after its 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Finland's [hyperlink] and Sweden's applications [hyperlink] marked a historic shift [hyperlink] for these traditionally militarily nonaligned countries. The Biden Administration [hyperlink] and many Members of Congress [hyperlink] support Finland and Sweden joining NATO, arguing that the addition of these two mature democracies [hyperlink] with advanced militaries [hyperlink] will enhance security [hyperlink] in the Baltic Sea region and the broader Euro-Atlantic area. For Finland and Sweden to join the alliance, all NATO members must ratify requisite amendments to NATO's founding North Atlantic Treaty [hyperlink]; U.S. ratification requires Senate advice and consent."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Archick, Kristin; Belkin, Paul; Bowen, Andrew S.
2022-07-14
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Navy DDG(X) Next-Generation Destroyer Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated July 14, 2022]
From the Introduction: "The Navy's DDG(X) program envisages procuring a class of next-generation guided-missile destroyers (DDGs) to replace the Navy's Ticonderoga (CG-47) class Aegis cruisers and older Arleigh Burke (DDG-51) class Aegis destroyers. The Navy wants to procure the first DDG(X) in FY2030. The Navy's proposed FY2023 budget requests $195.5 million in research and development funding for the program."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2022-07-14
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Guyana: An Overview [Updated July 14, 2022]
From the Document: "Located on the northern coast of South America between Suriname and Venezuela, English-speaking Guyana has characteristics similar to other Caribbean nations because of a common British colonial heritage (Guyana became independent in 1966). The country participates in Caribbean regional organizations, and its capital, Georgetown, serves as headquarters for the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), a regional integration organization. Once one of the poorest countries in the hemisphere, Guyana's development prospects have shifted significantly since the discovery of large offshore oil deposits in 2015."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sullivan, Mark P.; Klein, Joshua
2022-07-14
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 3635, Public Safety Officer Support Act of 2022
From the Bill Summary: "S. 3635 would expand eligibility for death, disability, and education benefits provided by the Public Safety Officers' Benefits (PSOB) Program to public safety officers and their beneficiaries if an officer has died by suicide or become permanently and totally disabled as a result of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or another mental health disorder covered under the bill. S. 3635 would apply prospectively and retroactively to officers who die by suicide or become disabled on or after January 1, 2019. The bill also would require the Government Accountability Office (GAO) to report to the Congress on benefits provided under the bill."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-07-14
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 3375, Omnibus Travel and Tourism Act of 2021
From the Bill Summary: "S. 3375 would establish a new office of the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Travel and Tourism within the Department of Commerce (DOC) to recommend ways to enhance and develop support for domestic tourism and to report annually on the forecast for the travel and tourism industry. The bill also would require DOC to collect and report additional data on travel in the United States, develop a 10-year travel and tourism strategy, establish a board to advise it on matters related to the travel industry, and study the effects of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic on the travel and tourism industry. S. 3375 also would affect several transportation programs."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-07-14
