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Legislative and Regulatory Group Report (1997)
The National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee's (NSTAC) Industry Executive Subcommittee (IES) charged the Legislative and Regulatory Group (LRG) to examine legislative, regulatory, and judicial actions that might have an impact on national security and emergency preparedness (NS/EP) telecommunications services and information systems. In addressing this charge, the group established a framework for analysis to consider the implementation of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 and the evolving telecommunications
environment. This report presents the results of the LRG's investigation of two issues. First, the LRG investigated the legal and regulatory obstacles that would hinder service restoration during a widespread telecommunications service outage. Second, the group investigated the need to involve the NS/EP community in planning and implementing of "National Services," as discussed
in the Network Reliability and Interoperability Council (NRIC) final report. Contained in this report are recommendations and proposed changes based on the deliberations and assessments of the group.
United States. President's National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee
1997-12
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Pending Crisis in North Africa
"The goal of the conference was to exchange views on regional security challenges, their underlying causes, and appropriate strategies for addressing them. Differing Tunisian and American perceptions of these challenges soon emerged. The American security concern is two-tiered: the shorter-term threat is the incremental spread of radical Islam, ultimately capturing the region, creating a tide of refugees in France, Italy, and Spain. The longer-term threat is the possibility that radical- leaning regimes would acquire weapons of mass destruction and that those regimes would disrupt the Middle East peace process. Other American concerns included controlling state-directed terrorism and the possible resurgence of dormant non-Islamic radicalism by anti- Western and anti-U.S. figures, such as Qadhafi. The Tunisian delegation emphasized three concerns: (1) the inherent vulnerability of Tunisia to unwanted external political and military influences, (2) the imperative of sustaining successful economic and social reform programs, and (3) the importance of playing a low-profile, intermediary role in regional affairs. "
National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies
Lewis, William Hubert, 1928-
1994
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Security in the Information Age: New Challenges, New Strategies
Following the "Wired World: Cyber Security and the U.S. Economy" hearing in June 2001, individuals whose perspectives about critical infrastructure protection would be of value to the Congress were identified and a study was compiled. This compendium represents a range of perspectives on infrastructure protection, from definitions and strategies to business challenges and policy actions. Technology advancements and the information revolution have provided enormous benefits to our economy. At the same time, they have also exposed our nation to new vulnerabilities and security threats. Computer networks create new avenues for those with malicious intent. Because many critical activities rely upon telecommunications and computer systems, our economy can be crippled by information warfare and mass disruption of these systems. It is essential that we understand these threats and develop strategies to counter them. This collection of expert reports examines how networked technologies open up new vulnerabilities to terrorist acts and how, in response, America needs new strategies for protecting its critical infrastructure.
United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee
2002-05
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Industrial College of the Armed Forces: Industry Studies 2000: Information Systems
The Information Industry is a robust element of the U.S. economy. Information technology has 7% of the GDP and 10% of the U.S. workforce, and experienced an annual growth of 13%. The Internet, networks and information technology are changing the way we do business. But more importantly, the drivers of that change are the individual industries themselves, and how they utilize the technology - not the Information Industry itself.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
2000
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Industrial College of the Armed Forces: Industry Studies 2000: Health Services
The health care industry is the United States' largest enterprise, accounting for more than $1 trillion in sales of goods and services each year. It is also the nation's largest employer--one of every 9 U.S. employees works in the health care industry.[i] The industry continues to transform itself as it seeks to find the proper balance among cost, quality, and access to care. Areas of concern in health care that affect U.S. national security include the negative trends that lead to an increased incidence of disease, the growing number of uninsured residents, and consolidation within the industry that may limit the nation's ability to respond to mass casualty situations.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
2000
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Industrial College of the Armed Forces: Industry Studies 2000: Financial Services
The financial services industry of the United States is in excellent health. It is well capitalized, structurally sound, dynamic, and innovative. The industry faces challenges on both the domestic and international fronts. Recent legislation has repealed Depression Era restrictions on the industry, opening the door to increased domestic competition, consolidation, and restructuring of financial firms. Globalization of the financial system increases competition, principally among the three dominant economic powers: the United States, the European Union, and Japan. The U.S. industry will be able to maintain global leadership if it continues its historical trend of innovation and customer service.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
2000
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Industrial College of the Armed Forces: Industry Studies 2000: Services
The services industry is a "revolution" impacting all industries. It affects not only non-manufacturing, non-farm producers, but even those industries that make goods. By restructuring work, manufacturers can outsource segments to service providers, including assemblers of products. The services industry permits the optimization of the supply or value chain and provides increased efficiency. Although its definition is unclear, its contributions to the economy are not. The industry provides three-fourths of the gross national product (GNP) and the nation's employment. It is the major growth engine for the U.S. economy, the primary source of new jobs in the next decade. It is a new way of doing business. The services industry provides solutions.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
2000
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Industrial College of the Armed Forces: Industry Studies 2000: Land Combat
The land combat vehicle industry is characterized by contrast. While growth is foreseen for some sectors, others are in decline. Specifically, the tracked armored vehicle sector, with scant production orders, modernization, and re-capitalization programs, is in decline. Wheeled armored vehicles, however, in particular the medium- and lightweight categories, hold much promise for the short term, given U.S. Army plans to outfit its Brigade Combat Teams with Interim Armored Vehicles. Long-term prospects for these two sectors will depend greatly on the shape and form of the Army's Future Combat System. Major challenges include excess capacity and competition for capital and human resources; yet, opportunities are presented by initiatives such as the "Army Vision" as articulated by General Eric K. Shinseki, Chief of Staff. Focused research and development is essential to ensure that the United States maintains its competitive advantage on the battlefield, and foreign military sales are essential to industry vitality.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
2000
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Industrial College of the Armed Forces: Industry Studies 2000: Munitions
When diplomacy fails, precision guided munitions (PGMs) will continue to be the weaponry of choice. Continuing improvements across the broad spectrum of munitions technology, including sensors, guidance, energetics, composites and fuzing have produced an impressive array of air, sea and ground launched weapons.
Precision guided munitions will make the Joint Vision 2010 objective of full spectrum dominance a reality. PGM technology, however, is still developing. To leverage that technology, industry and government must continue to pursue new and fundamentally different ways of producing such weapons.
Acquisition and other regulatory reforms, enhanced research and development efforts, and a fundamental shift in how we think about munitions production and management are all essential to an effective munitions industrial base in the 21st century.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
2000
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Industrial College of the Armed Forces: Industry Studies 2000: Environment
The U.S. environmental industry is at a crossroads. With the slowdown of growth in the domestic market and the dominance of European and Japanese firms in the expanding non-U.S. markets, the U.S. industry and the U.S. government face some difficult choices. It is necessary to make these choices at a time of increased awareness that global environmental challenges pose a long-term threat to U.S. national security. Nonetheless, there is as yet no shared view in the United States on how to meet these challenges. Although the U.S. environmental industry's success may not be critical to U.S. national security interests, the United States has a stake in the industry's developing a greater global role in the period ahead.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
2000
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Industrial College of the Armed Forces: Industry Studies 2000: News Media
The news media informs, challenges, questions and aggravates. It affects the way we look at domestic and foreign policy and shapes our view of events and our ability to address the problems of the world. It is part of the national security structure of our country without being part of the government.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
2000
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Egypt at the Crossroads: Domestic Stability and Regional Role
Egypt has a seminal role as a Middle East actor and is central in U.S. strategic planning on the Middle East. Because of Egypt's influence in the Arab and Islamic worlds, it is of paramount importance that Egypt remain a force for moderation. Any dramatic change in Egypt's position could alter the regional balance of power and the existing favorable security environment. Egypt's regional
role as a moderating element depends on its domestic tranquility
and its economic health. As authors in this volume emphasize, the
domestic and regional aspects of Egypt's policy are inextricably
linked. Without a reasonably sound economy and political stability,
Egypt will be unable to undertake an active regional role. The reverse is also true-an active peace process and a growing regional economy are essential for Egypt's stability at home. The combined essays tie together three essential components
of the U.S.-Egyptian equation. The first part addresses domestic
issues in Egypt and the prospects for Egypt's continued political stability. The second section concentrates on Egypt's regional role
in the new post-Cold War environment. The third part looks at the future of the U.S.-Egyptian partnership. Authors have probed the underlying factors likely to persist well into the 21 st century, rather
than dwelling on episodic changes that may dominate tomorrow's
headlines. It is hoped that exploration of these fundamental
aspects of Egypt and the U.S.-Egyptian relationship will provide a
sense of the forces at work in the region and of the issues with
which U.S. strategists will have to grapple over the next decade.
National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies
Marr, Phebe
1999
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27 CFR Part 179: Machine Guns, Destructive Devices, and Certain Other Firearms
This document covers the scope of regulations, definitions, administrative and miscellaneous provisions, special occupational taxes, tax on making firearms, transfer tax, importations and exportation, records and returns, stolen or lost firearms or documents, examination of books and records, distribution and sale of stamps, redemption of or allowance for stamps or refunds, penalties and forfeitures, and other laws applicable in regards to machine guns, destructive devices, and certain other firearms.
United States. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms
1995
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Industrial College of the Armed Forces: Industry Studies 2001: Agribusiness
Agribusiness is big business in the United States, representing approximately 15% of the nation's GDP. No longer limited to the family farm, today's agribusiness industry encompasses the spectrum from primary production of commodities through value added transformation of products and finally wholesale and retail distribution to the consumer. Globalization is an important aspect of the industry; technology has led to tremendous increases in productivity and an expanding export sector. To remain vibrant, however, the industry must deal with challenges such as consumer acceptance of GMOs, attention to environmental considerations, and threats such as agroterrorism.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
2001
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27 C.F.R. Part 25: Department of Justice Information Systems: Subpart A, National Instant Criminal Background Check System
This document outlines the following areas in regards to the national instant criminal background system: Purpose and authority; definitions; system information; record source categories; validation and data integrity of records in the system; accessing records in the system; querying records in the system; system safeguards; retention and destruction of records in the system; correction of erroneous system information; and prohibited activities and penalties.
United States. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms
1998
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1999: Biotechnology
The synergy of new discoveries in multiple disciplines, coupled with
insightful legislation and investors with a long-term view to profit,
resulted in the world leadership role enjoyed by the U.S. biotechnology
industry. Maintenance of this position and of the ability to affect
multiple industrial sectors, such as health care, agriculture, environment,
forensics, and defense, depends on a close partnership between
government and industry. Supportive legislation and regulation related
to patenting, liccnsing, incentives, and partnerships, as well as specific
focus on the ability to detect, prevent, defend, and respond to biological
attack, represent some of the measures that government must take to
maintain U.S. worldwide preeminence as the leader in biotechnology.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
1999
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1999: Construction
Studies of the construction industry reveal several trends, such as
deterioration of the national infrastructure, changes in the way that
construction projects are funded and executed, the loss of skilled
workers, and the impact of technology. Counterterrorism and
outsourcing by the Department of Defense (DOD) are also key
construction industry issues that have national security implications.
There are likely to be regular and repeated construction demand surges in
the international marketplace, and the U.S. government should take a
more proactive role in helping the construction industry take advantage
of international construction opportunities.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Abbott, Gerald
1999
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1999: Agribusiness
Agriculture and the related agribusiness industry remain the
foundation of U.S. commerce and society. Agribusiness plays a
dominant role in both trade and foreign affairs in the United States.
Perhaps the most striking aspect of the evolution of agriculture is the
globalization of the industry. The United States is finding that it must
address agribusiness issues in consonance with other nations. Finally,
the nation has a vested interest in helping other countries deal with
agribusiness problems and a responsibility to provide leadership in
pressing for farming reforms, education, and the introduction of new
technologies in growing, harvesting, and processing food. The plain fact
is that the rapidly expanding world population is draining the Earth's
resources, which in turn is creating conflict around the globe. In short,
the national security posture of the United States is inextricably linked to
global agribusiness. Understanding and appreciating the nuances of that
linkage are essential tasks for U.S. national security planners and
decision-makers.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
1999
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1999: Aircraft
The aircraft industry--military and civilian, domestic and
international--is facing a volatile environment of increased competition,
acquisitions and mergers, erratic customers' budgets, demands for
innovation, and expectations of enhanced capabilities and improved
reliability. To cope with these often contradictory demands, aerospace
manufacturing companies are severely cutting profit margins,
streamlining production, reducing support costs, and examining every
aspect of their business for revenue-generating opportunities. Many of
these innovations are indeed yielding new profit centers. Although the
U.S. aircraft industry has long been recognized as the world's leader and
is the number one export industry of the United States, European
manufacturers are challenging it. No longer can U.S. manufacturers
assume that they are the customers' first and best choice.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
1999
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1999: Advanced Manufacturing
The manufacturing environment today is one of rapid change.
Customer demands for low-cost, high-quality goods; a global market;
and exponential growth in manufacturing technologies are challenging
manufacturers. Many manufacturing companies in the United States and
abroad are responding to next-generation challenges. The transition is
not without its problems, however. Obstacles such as adversarial labor-
management relations, a poorly educated entry-level workforce, and
unfriendly government policies are hampering industry's ability to
respond to these new challenges. Further, many manufacturers are
finding it necessary to change their basic organizational structure and
value chain to be flexible, agile, and globally competitive. Finally,
manufacturers are discovering both the bright promise and the
formidable task of embracing cutting-edge manufacturing technology.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
1999
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Creating Strategic Vision: Long-Range Planning for National Security
In examining the methodologies, the concepts, and the programs now in place, members of the seminar weighed and debated planning from their own experiences as defense planners. From this sustained examination emerged four thoughtful essays by General Smith, Air Force officers Colonels Jerrold P. Allen and John H. Stewart II, and F. Douglas Whitehouse, a senior analyst of Soviet economics. These essays guide the reader to a realistic understanding of long-range planning and suggest ways to think creatively and pragmatically about the future.
National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies
Smith, Perry M.; Allen, Jerrold P.; Stewart, John H. . . .
1987-07
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US Air Force and Homeland Civil Support
"This document has been prepared under the direction of the Chief of Staff of the Air Force (CSAF). The original tasking resulted from the 2002 CSAF Doctrine Symposium and directed the Air Force Doctrine Center (AFDC) to develop Air Force doctrine on Civil Support (properly placed within the larger context of Homeland Security) and to capture the Commander, Air Force Forces (COMAFFOR) command and control mechanism for Civil Support operations. This document establishes guidance for organizing and employing air and space forces at the operational level in the conduct of military operations in support of a lead federal agency. Additionally, discussion of Coordinating Authority and its applicability in Air Force civil support missions is provided. Coordinating Authority, which provides for unity of effort in operations involving Air National Guard, Air Force Reserve, and Active Duty airmen engaged in interagency activities, has been formalized in Joint doctrine and will be formalized in Air Force doctrine. Most Air Force assets (people, weapons, and support systems) may be used in the conduct of civil support missions. This document discusses the nature of the civil support environment and the fundamentals of organization and employment of Air Force capabilities to accomplish these missions."
USAF Counterproliferation Center
2002-10-27
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Gathering Biological Warfare Storm -- Chapter 9: Next Generation Bioweapons: Genetic Engineering and BW
Chapter 9 in the collection of essays, "The Gathering Bioligical Warfare Storm," addresses the "next-generation" of biological weapons: "The history of warfare and the history of disease are unquestionably interwoven. Throughout the history of warfare, disease and non-battle injury have accounted for more deaths and loss of combat capability than from actual battle in war itself. The most striking example is the great influenza pandemic during World War I that killed 20 million people or more worldwide in 1918. Although this was a naturally occurring event, what if a country could create a biological agent that could yield the same catastrophic loss of life on the enemy? That, in essence, is the potential effect of applying genetic engineering for biological warfare (BW) or bioterrorism (BT). In this century, it is widely predicted that advances in biology and biotechnology will revolutionize society and life as we know it. At the same time, the 'black biology' of biotechnology which can be used to create biological weapons, will be one of the gravest threats we will face. In this era when cloning and 'designer genes' are topics of the evening news, much has been written about biowarfare and bioterrorism resulting from genetically altered microbes, and it is often difficult to discern fact from fiction. This chapter has two purposes. The first part consolidates accounts of genetic engineering from sources close to the former Soviet Union's BW program. The remainder of the paper discusses near-term future capabilities of genetic engineering and biological warfare from an American perspective. The 'next generation' of biological weapons made possible through genetic engineering will be asymmetric weapons par excellence."
USAF Counterproliferation Center
Ainscough, Michael J.
2002-03
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Homeland Security: Voluntary Initiatives are Under Way at Chemical Facilities, but the Extent of Security Preparedness is Unknown, Report to Congressional Requesters
"The events of September 11, 2001, triggered a national re-examination of the security of thousands of industrial facilities that use or store hazardous chemicals in quantities that could potentially put large numbers of Americans at risk of serious injury or death in the event of a terrorist-caused chemical release. GAO was asked to examine (1) available information on the threats and risks from terrorism faced by U.S. chemical facilities; (2) federal requirements for security preparedness and safety at facilities; (3) actions taken by federal agencies to assess the vulnerability of the industry; and (4) voluntary actions the chemical industry has taken to address security preparedness, and the challenges it faces in protecting its assets and operations.
United States. General Accounting Office
2003-03
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Gathering Biological Warfare Storm -- Chapter 7: Prospects for Biological War in the Middle East
This is Chapter 7 of the book "The Gathering Bioligical Warfare Storm". From the Introduction: "The proliferation of biological weapons to states in the Middle East has raised questions about whether, when, and how such weapons might be used there. In the absence of systematic investigation of these questions, different views have taken hold in different parts of the Washington policy community. Among defense planners there is a broad-based belief that likelihood of use is high, largely on the view that their military utility is potentially very high--especially for asymmetric conflicts against the United States. Among country and regional experts there is broad-based skepticism that such weapons will ever be used, largely on the view that such weapons are unproven historically and too risky in terms of the harsh responses they might generate. A third view is sometimes expressed among political-military analysts: that such use is likely only in last resort in an effort to assure regime survival--on the model of potential Iraqi BW use against the Desert Storm coalition, as it has come to be understood subsequently. This paper begins with a series of propositions about the patterns of conflict likely to be seen in the region over the coming decade. The resulting taxonomy is then used to develop some propositions about the likelihood of the use of biological weapons by state and non-state actors. Two scenarios are then selected for more in-depth analysis. This analysis elaborates the strategic logic that could lead to the use of biological weapons, including especially the perceived potential benefits and risks of such weapons relative to the other assets, conventional and non-conventional, within the actor's reach. It concludes with a brief review of key insights."
USAF Counterproliferation Center
Roberts, Brad
2002-03
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Still Worth Dying For: National Interests and the Nature of Strategy
"Ultimately, the requirement to state, define, and defend national interests in a public national strategy should remain. For the United States, stating, defining,
and defending interests in the NSS both demonstrate a commitment to democratic process and explain how America sees its role in the world. While the American people by and large wish neither to be neo-isolationist nor to become,
by virtue of the primacy of the United States, a global police force, principles as well as power constitute the idea of the national interest. It is as if the ghosts of Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson were in constant tension, defining who we are as a people and for what achievable ends we are willing to commit our means--and what ends are worth dying for."
Naval War College (U.S.). Press
Liotta, P. H.
2003-03
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Draft: The U.S. Air Force and Security of the Homeland
"The key role of the Department of Defense is to defend the homeland - the security of the U.S. is the reason DOD exists. At a higher level, a primary reason for government is to secure the homeland and in this context there is an overarching construct covering the totality of effort of all U.S. Government agencies that includes all aspects of security from foreign and domestic threats. This paper will examine the Air Force's role in securing the homeland from a doctrinal perspective."
USAF Counterproliferation Center
2002-11-15
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Industrial College of the Armed Forces: Industry Studies 2000: Transportation
The U.S. transportation industry is a national resource. Its planes, trains, ships, trucks, pipelines, and mass transit systems move people and products everywhere, whether it is down the street or around the globe. The industry and its vast network link the United States together and to the world, facilitating commerce, supporting national security interests, and playing a vital role in almost every aspect of its citizens' lives.
The nation's transportation industry is vibrant, competitive, and poised to be a dominant force in the emerging globalized business environment of the 21st century. To realize this goal, however, the industry must respond to the opportunities presented by the "new economy" in moving people and goods faster, cheaper, and more reliably. The industry must also overcome the challenges of an aging and congested infrastructure. Furthermore, the industry must collaborate with governments at all levels to develop innovative solutions and to make major investments in infrastructure and information technology.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
2000
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Industrial College of the Armed Forces: Industry Studies 2000: Space
The U.S space industry is in a major transition from being a child of the Cold War to becoming an adolescent commercial industry. Industry growth continued this year, but the unbridled enthusiasm of the previous few years has been undermined by significant financial, technical, and policy failures affecting the entire industry. The industry faces many challenges, largely due to a significant industrial overcapacity fueled by the excessive optimism of the past decade. The key government role is to provide strategic leadership and to establish effective policies that balance the needs of the emerging commercial sector with those of national security. Issues such as export licensing, data distribution, spectrum allocation, and research and development investment decisions require thoughtful and expert government attention to move the industry from its historical Cold War roots to a viable commercial entity capable of competing in an increasingly globalized market.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
2000
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Industrial College of the Armed Forces: Industry Studies 2000: Shipbuilding
The U.S. shipbuilding industry continues to design and build the most advanced military vessels in the world. Despite this capability, the industry is not competitive in the world shipbuilding market. The industry has been in decline since the United States withdrew direct shipbuilding subsidies in 1981. The larger, or "first-tier" yards have been unable to compete internationally due to the dedicated industrial policies, greater efficiency, and lower labor rates in other countries. The absence of a robust commercial counterpart to the military shipbuilding sector may prevent these larger yards from operating as efficiently as they could. "Second-" and "third-tier" yards that produce the majority of the ships used in domestic trade have been more innovative, more efficient, and therefore, more successful internationally. However, all shipbuilders must apply modern business practices, processes, and enabling technologies to become more cost-effective and competitive.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
2000
