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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 263, Big Cat Public Safety Act
From the Document: "Current law prohibits the import, export, purchase, sale, transport, or acquisition of big cats, such as lions and tigers, across state lines or the national border. H.R. 263 would generally prohibit the breeding and possession of those animals, although wildlife sanctuaries, veterinarians, colleges and universities, zoos, exhibitions, and other entities that meet certain requirements would be exempt. In addition, people who already own such animals would be permitted to keep them if they register with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). For this estimate, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] assumes that H.R. 263 will be enacted late in fiscal year 2022. The bill would direct USFWS to issue regulations to implement the prohibition on breeding and possession. In addition, CBO expects that under the bill, the Department of Agriculture (USDA) could revise existing regulations on the licensing of entities that possess, exhibit, and breed big cats. Based on the costs of similar tasks, we estimate that developing those regulations would cost $1 million over the 2022-2023 period."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-07-26
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National Strategy for Global Supply Chain Security
From the Document: "In recent years, advances in communications technology, along with reductions in trade barriers and production costs, have opened new markets and created new jobs and opportunity for workers. The global supply chain system that supports this trade is essential to the United States' economy and security and is a critical global asset. We have seen that disruptions to supply chains caused by natural disasters - earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions - and from criminal and terrorist networks seeking to exploit the system or use it as a means of attack can adversely impact global economic growth and productivity. As a nation, we must address the challenges posed by these threats and strengthen our national and international policies accordingly. Through the National Strategy for Global Supply Chain Security, we seek to strengthen global supply chains in order to protect the welfare and interests ofthe American people and secure our Nation's economic prosperity. We reject the false choice between security and efficiency and firmly believe that we can promote economic growth while protecting our core values as a nation and as a people. Through this Strategy, we endorse a national approach and active collaboration with the international community. We will integrate and energize our efforts to enhance our ability to manage risk by building a layered defense, addressing threats early, and fostering a resilient system that can absorb and recover rapidly from unanticipated disruptions. By institutionalizing information-sharing arrangements, streamlining government processes, and synchronizing standards and procedures, we can realize new efficiencies while strengthening global supply chains."
United States. White House Office
2012-01
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President Obama Signs Louisiana Disaster Declaration [August 18, 2011]
On August 18, 2011 President Obama declared a disaster exists in the State of Louisiana due to flooding during April 25 to July 7, 2011. Federal aid has been ordered to support state and local disaster response efforts. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) are also coordinating relief efforts.
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
2011-08-18
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Homeland Security Presidential Directive 4: National Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction [Unclassified Version]
Issued by the White House in 2002, Homeland Security Presidential Directive (HSPD)4 lays out the "three pillars" in the fight against weapons of mass destruction [WMD]: counterproliferation to combat WMD use; strengthened nonproliferation to combat WMD proliferation; and consequence management to respond to WMD use. The Strategy also details the four "cross-cutting enabling functions" to be pursued: intelligence collection and analysis on WMD, delivery systems, and related technologies; research and development to improve our ability to respond to evolving threats; bilateral and multilateral cooperation; and targeted strategies against hostile states and terrorists.
United States. White House Office
Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-
2002-12
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COVID-19 Vaccine Introduction Readiness Assessment Tool
From the Document: "[1] This Readiness Assessment tool is a national level tool. Data inputs should be entered into the worksheet 'National Readiness'. Suggestions for timing and intervals to implement activities and assess progress are provided in the timeline; [2] Pre-planning activities (critical activities to be initiated immediately) are highlighted in the worksheet; [3] Optimal time frames for the completion of activities are shaded yellow: under each timeline or assessment period, the country only needs to provide information on the activity cells that are shared yellow. Information on the dark-shaded cells do not have to be provided under the given time frame; [4] Pre-planning activities should be initiated as early as Sept 2020 (earliest time interval provided) as COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] vaccines may be available for introduction by early 2021. The tool will be updated as soon as more certainty about global vaccine supply availability becomes available; [5] The Activity and Areas Dashboards worksheets provide a graphic illustration of progress achieved under each time interval. These graphics are automatically produced from the data provided on the 'National Readiness' worksheet. No data entry is required on the Activity or Areas Dashboard. Graphs can be copied and pasted for the use of country teams if needed; [6] The reference page contains a list of planning and technical documents that can be used for guidance in completing some of the activities; [and 7] Additional information on the purpose of this tool and how to use it, is available on the Cover Note provided in the accompanying document[.]"
World Health Organization; UNICEF
2020-09
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 1361, RECOVER Act [June 13, 2007]
From the Summary: "H.R 1361 [Relief for Entrepreneurs: Coordination of Objectives and Values for Effective Recovery Act of 2007 or RECOVER Act] would amend the existing disaster loan program of the Small Business Administration (SBA), as well as authorize several new grant programs for individuals and businesses affected by Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma. The act would: [1] Establish a grant program for certain SBA borrowers that have been or will be required to prepay a portion of their disaster loan because they receive other payments; [2] Establish a grant program for small businesses affected by the 2005 Gulf Coast hurricanes that were denied a SBA disaster loan; [3] Lengthen the minimum deferment period for future SBA disaster loans; [4] Authorize the refinancing of certain disaster loans with the option of deferring repayment for up to four years; [5] Expand the Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) program to include private, nonprofit organizations; [6] Increase the maximum loan that can be made for hazard mitigation purposes; [7] Guarantee bridge loans to businesses affected by a disaster; and, [8] Authorize certain private lenders to process, approve, disburse, and service SBA disaster loans. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing H.R. 1361 would cost $2.5 billion over the 2008-2012 period, subject to the appropriation of the necessary funds. Enacting this legislation would not affect direct spending or revenues."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2007-06-13
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Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) [Updated July 26, 2022]
From the Overview: "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is Southeast Asia's primary multilateral organization, a 10- member grouping of nations with a combined population of 660 million and a combined annual gross domestic product (GDP) of around $3.1 trillion in 2021. Established in 1967, it has grown into one of the world's largest regional fora, representing a strategically important region straddling some of the world's busiest sea lanes, including the Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea. Taken collectively, ASEAN would rank as the world's fifth-largest economy and the United States' fourth-largest export market. ASEAN's members are Brunei, Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Members rotate as chair: Cambodia is ASEAN's chair for 2022 and Indonesia is to assume the chair in 2023. ASEAN engages in a wide range of diplomatic, economic and security discussions through hundreds of annual meetings and through a secretariat based in Jakarta, Indonesia. In 2008, the United States became the first non-ASEAN nation to appoint a representative to ASEAN, and in 2011 it opened a U.S. mission to ASEAN in Jakarta with a resident ambassador. Several other nations have followed suit. President Biden held a summit with ASEAN's leaders on May 12-13 in Washington, DC. (Burma's junta leader and outgoing Philippine president Rodrigo Duterte did not attend.) ASEAN leaders also met with a bipartisan group of Members including House Speaker Pelosi, Majority Leader Hoyer, and Minority Leader McCarthy. ASEAN is a diverse and informal organization."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Dolven, Ben
2022-07-26
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Antitrust Law: An Introduction [Updated July 21, 2022]
From the Document: "Today, antitrust is principally concerned with preventing anticompetitive conduct that enables firms to exercise market power. However, the distinct effects of market power highlight a fissure in the debate over antitrust's more foundational goals. In a narrow subset of cases, efficiency and consumer welfare may pull in opposite directions. For example, some mergers may lower production costs, but also increase market power. Some commentators-- advocates of a 'total welfare' standard--maintain that antitrust should permit such transactions as long as the gains in productive efficiency outweigh the losses in allocative efficiency and consumer welfare. By contrast, defenders of the 'consumer welfare' standard advocate blocking such deals when they are likely to effectuate a wealth transfer from consumers to producers. Although the competition laws of some countries embrace the total-welfare standard, U.S. antitrust doctrine prioritizes consumer welfare and does not typically permit producer gains to offset downstream harms."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sykes, Jay B.
2022-07-21
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Army Corps of Engineers: Continuing Authorities Programs [Updated July 18, 2022]
From the Document: "The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) undertakes water resource development projects pursuant to authorizing statutes and the receipt of appropriations. The standard process for a USACE project requires two separate congressional authorizations--one for studying feasibility and a subsequent one for construction--as well as appropriations for both (see CRS [Congressional Research Service] Report R45185, 'Army Corps of Engineers: Water Resource Authorization and Project Delivery Processes'). Additionally, Congress has granted USACE programmatic authorities to undertake cost-shared projects of limited scope and cost without requiring project-specific congressional authorization. These programmatic USACE authorities are referred to as Continuing Authorities Programs (CAPs). Congress has consistently funded USACE CAPs above the President's request since FY2013."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Normand, Anna E.
2022-07-18
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Abortion and Family Planning-Related Provisions in U.S. Foreign Assistance Law and Policy [Updated July 15, 2022]
From the Summary: "This report details legislation and policies that restrict or place requirements on U.S. funding of abortion or family planning activities abroad. The level and extent of federal funding for these activities is an ongoing and controversial issue in U.S. foreign assistance and has continued to be a point of contention during the 117th Congress. These issues have been debated for over four decades in the context of broader domestic abortion controversies. Since the Supreme Court's 1973 ruling in 'Roe v. Wade', Congress has enacted foreign assistance legislation placing restrictions or requirements on the federal funding of abortions and on family planning activities abroad. Many of these provisions, often referred to by the name of the lawmakers that introduced them, have been included in foreign aid authorizations, appropriations, or both, and affect different types of foreign assistance."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blanchfield, Luisa
2022-07-15
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Availability of Legislative Measures in the House of Representatives (The '72-Hour Rule') [Updated July 22, 2022]
From the Summary: "House rules govern the length of time legislative measures must be available to Members before being considered on the floor. For measures reported from committee, a draft of the committee report must have been available for 72 hours. Conference reports must also have been available for 72 hours and special rules for considering measures for one legislative day. Bills and joint resolutions that have not been reported by committee, and therefore are not accompanied by a written report, may also not be considered on the House floor unless the text of the measure has been available for 72 hours. Proposed committee reports, unreported bills and joint resolutions, conference reports, and joint explanatory statements are considered available under these rules if they are publicly available in electronic form on a website designated by the Committee on House Administration for this purpose, http://docs.house.gov [hyperlink]. The House has several means by which it can choose to waive these availability requirements and call up, debate, and vote on a measure in a single calendar day even if the text of the measure was not made available prior to consideration. These include (1) considering a measure under the suspension of the rules procedure or by unanimous consent, (2) adopting a special rule that waives the 72-hour requirement, (3) adopting a special rule that waives the one-day requirement for another special rule, and (4) convening a second legislative day on the same calendar day. Waiving availability requirements allows the House to act quickly when necessary, such as near the end of a session."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Rybicki, Elizabeth
2022-07-22
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: International Emergency Economic Powers Enhancement Act
"The bill would amend the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) to increase the maximum civil and criminal penalties that may result from violations of that act. IEEPA authorizes the President to investigate, regulate, and prohibit certain financial transactions following a declaration of an 'unusual and extraordinary threat' originating outside the United States. Under current law, individuals and entities that violate regulations promulgated under IEEPA are subject to civil penalties of up to $10,000, and criminal penalties of up to $250,000 and 10 years' imprisonment. Under this legislation, the maximum penalty would be increased to $250,000 for civil violations and $1 million and 20 years' imprisonment for criminal violations."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2007-06-13
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CBO Study: Sea Basing and Alternatives for Deploying and Sustaining Ground Combat Forces
From the Preface: "This Congressional Budget Office (CBO) study--prepared at the request of the Ranking Member of the Subcommittee on Sea Power and Expeditionary Forces of the House Committee on Armed Services--looks at the capabilities and costs associated with MPF(F) and sea basing in general as well as other approaches that DoD might take to improve its expeditionary capabilities. The study compares the advantages, disadvantages, and costs of eight alternative systems--five that would involve the sea basing of ground forces and three that would use aircraft to directly deliver forces and supplies. In keeping with CBO's mandate to provide objective, impartial analysis, this study makes no recommendations."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
Arthur, David (David Alan)
2007-07
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Big Tech in Financial Services [Updated July 29, 2022]
From the Summary: "For the past decade or so, 'Big Tech'--which hereinafter refers to the large technology companies Amazon, Apple, Google, and Facebook (now Meta Platforms), unless otherwise noted--has been offering a variety of financial services products to retail customers. Big Tech uses advanced data analysis and novel partnerships with traditional financial institutions to redefine financial services. The financial service with unanimous participation among Big Tech companies is payments. In 2021, more than 100 million consumers used mobile payment apps, including those provided by Big Tech. Other offerings include credit cards and lines of credit, value storage, and stablecoin wallets. In addition to these direct offerings of financial services, Big Tech has other significant, albeit less direct, ties to finance. Amazon, Microsoft, and Google account for roughly twothirds of cloud service in the United States and count banks and other financial institutions as major customers. Big Tech relies on partnerships with traditional financial institutions in some capacity to deliver nearly all of these services. The variation in such relationships accounts for much of the difference both between companies and among products offered by the same company. These complex partnerships can obscure the role of Big Tech and the ultimate provider of the financial service, and they raise the question: Do Big Tech companies provide convenient interfaces, or are they true financial institutions? The answer to that question, perhaps not surprisingly, lies somewhere in between. Big Tech companies are neither pure financial institutions nor solely technology providers."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Tierno, Paul
2022-07-29
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 2635, Carbon-Neutral Government Act of 2007
From the Summary: "H.R. 2635 would establish targets for greenhouse gas reduction and standards for energy efficiency for the federal government. Starting in 2010, the bill would require federal agencies to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases in order to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. In addition, the legislation would: [1] Establish a two-year pilot program for federal purchases of greenhouse gas offsets (as specified in the bill) and renewable energy certificates; [2] Require agencies to purchase low greenhouse gas-emitting vehicles; [3] Require energy-efficiency standards for new (and renovated) federal buildings; [4] Permit individuals to sue the federal government for damages (of up to $1.5 million per year) caused by global warming; and [5] Authorize the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish a carbon cap-and-trade program for use by federal agencies. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that enacting this legislation would increase direct spending by $20 million in 2008, by $340 million over the 2008-2012 period, and by $840 million over the 2008-2017 period, mostly for the cost of entering into contractual commitments to acquire renewable forms of energy and to achieve reductions in energy use. In addition, we estimate that implementing the bill would increase the federal government's operating costs subject to appropriation by $178 million in 2008 and $1.3 billion over the 2008-2012 period, mostly to purchase low greenhouse gas-emitting vehicles and to participate in the pilot program for acquiring qualified greenhouse gas offsets."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2007-06-28
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Benefits for Service-Disabled Veterans [Updated July 18, 2022]
From the Document: "The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) administers programs and provides benefits to qualified former U.S. servicemembers with service-connected disabilities (i.e., service-disabled veterans). These benefits can compensate a veteran for an injury or provide assistance to enable a veteran to have a higher quality of life. To qualify for benefits discussed in this report, a veteran must have a physical or mental condition that was 'incurred or aggravated' in the line of military duty that resulted in a disability. Service-connected disabilities are rated on a scale from 0% to 100%, in 10% increments, using a VA Schedule for Rating Disabilities (VASRD). Disability ratings are used to determine eligibility for various types of benefits and the amount of disability compensation benefits a veteran can receive. This report describes major VA benefit programs that are limited to veterans with service-connected disabilities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Salazar, Heather M.; Perl, Libby; Collins, Benjamin
2022-07-18
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 1538, Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 [July 2, 2007]
From the Summary: "S. 1538 would authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2008 for intelligence activities of the U.S. government, for the Intelligence Community Management Account (ICMA), and for the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System (CIARDS). This estimate addresses only the unclassified portion of the bill. On that limited basis, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing certain provisions of the bill would incur discretionary costs of approximately $390 million in 2008 and approximately $711 million over the 2008-2012 period. In addition, enacting S. 1538 would increase direct spending by $94 million over the 2008-2012 period and $98 million over the 2008-2017 period."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2007-07-02
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Budget and Economic Outlook: An Update
From the Preface: "This volume is one of a series of reports on the state of the budget and the economy that the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) issues each year. It satisfies the requirement of section 202(e) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 for CBO to submit to the Committees on the Budget periodic reports about fiscal policy and to provide baseline projections of the federal budget. In accordance with CBO's mandate to provide impartial analysis, the report makes no recommendations."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2007-08
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Navy Columbia (SSBN-826) Class Ballistic Missile Submarine Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated July 25, 2022]
From the Introduction: "This report provides background information and potential oversight issues for Congress on the Navy's Columbia (SSBN-826) class program, a program to design and build a class of 12 new ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) to replace the Navy's current force of 14 aging Ohio-class SSBNs. Since 2013, the Navy has consistently identified the Columbia-class program as the Navy's top priority program. The Navy procured the first Columbia-class boat in FY2021 and wants to procure the second boat in the class in FY2024. The Navy's proposed FY2023 budget requests $5,857.8 million (i.e., about $5.9 billion) in procurement and advance procurement (AP) funding for the program. The program poses a number of funding and oversight issues for Congress. Decisions that Congress makes on the Columbia-class program could substantially affect U.S. military capabilities and funding requirements, and the U.S. shipbuilding industrial base."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2022-07-25
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Coast Guard Cutter Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated July 22, 2022]
From the Introduction: "This report provides background information and potential oversight issues for Congress on the Coast Guard's programs for procuring National Security Cutters (NSCs), Offshore Patrol Cutters (OPCs), and Fast Response Cutters (FRCs). The Coast Guard's proposed FY2023 budget requests $60.0 million, $650.0 million, and $16.0 million in procurement funding, respectively, for the NSC, OPC, and FRCs programs. The issue for Congress is whether to approve, reject, or modify the Coast Guard's funding requested and acquisition strategies for the NSC, OPC, and FRC programs. Congress's decisions on these three programs could substantially affect Coast Guard capabilities and funding requirements, and the U.S. shipbuilding industrial base."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2022-07-22
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Navy Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated July 26, 2022]
From the Introduction: "This report provides background information and issues for Congress on the Aegis ballistic missile defense (BMD) program, a program carried out by the Missile Defense Agency (MDA) and the Navy that gives Navy Aegis cruisers and destroyers a capability for conducting BMD operations. The issue for Congress is whether to approve, reject, or modify Department of Defense (DOD) acquisition strategies and proposed funding levels for the Aegis BMD program. Congress's decisions on the Aegis BMD program could significantly affect U.S. BMD capabilities and funding requirements, and the BMD-related industrial base"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2022-07-26
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Citizenship and Immigration Statuses of the U.S. Foreign-Born Population [Updated July 18, 2022]
From the Document: "The U.S. foreign-born population consists of individuals living in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. In 2020--the most recent data from the American Community Survey (ACS)--an estimated 44.1 million foreign-born people resided in the United States, representing 13.5% of the total U.S. population. The ACS is a U.S. Census Bureau survey conducted each month with a sample of households in 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. The proportion of foreign-born individuals among the total U.S. population has changed over time. The percentage of foreign-born persons in 1920 (13.2%) was similar to current levels. It then declined over the next five decades, reaching a low of 4.7% in 1970. Over the last five decades, the proportion has increased [...]."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Straut-Eppsteiner, Holly
2022-07-18
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 1547, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008
From the Summary: "S. 1547 would authorize appropriations totaling $629 billion for fiscal year 2008 for the military functions of the Department of Defense (DoD), for activities of the Department of Energy (DOE), and for other purposes. That total includes $128 billion for military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. In addition, S. 1547 would prescribe personnel strengths for each active-duty and selected reserve component of the U.S. armed forces. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that appropriation of the authorized amounts would result in additional outlays of $621 billion over the 2008-2012 period."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2007-06-21
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CBO Testimony: The Effects of Reserve Call-Ups on Civilian Employers: Statement of Heidi Golding Before the Commission on the National Guard and Reserves, May 17, 2007
From the statement of Heidi Golding before the Commission on the National Guard and Reserves: "Mr. Chairman and members of the Commission, thank you for inviting me here to discuss issues regarding the effects that call-ups of reservists have on civilian employers. My testimony, which draws from and updates a study that the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) published in May 2005, focuses on three topics: the characteristics of the firms that employ reservists; the combined effects of reservists' activations and federal job protections on civilian employers, including self-employed reservists; and options for mitigating the effects of reservists' activations."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
Golding, Heidi L. W.
2007-05-17
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 1538, Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008
From the Summary: "S. 1538 would authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2008 for intelligence activities of the U.S. government, for the Intelligence Community Management Account (ICMA), and for the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System (CIARDS). This estimate addresses only the unclassified portion of the bill. On that limited basis, CBO [Congressional Budget Office ] estimates that implementing certain provision of the bill would incur discretionary costs of approximately $390 million in 2008 and approximately $711 million over the 2008-2012 period. In addition, enacting S. 1538 would increase direct spending by $94 million over the 2008-2012 period and $98 million over the 2008-2017 period. The bill contains an intergovernmental and private-sector mandate as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA), but CBO expects the cost of complying with that mandate would be small and well below the annual thresholds established in that act ($66 million for intergovernmental mandates and $131 million for private-sector mandates in 2007, adjusted annually for inflation)."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2007-06-12
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 2420, International Climate Cooperation Re-engagement Act of 2007
From the Summary: "H.R. 2420 would authorize the appropriation of funds to develop and promote energy technologies that do not release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing H.R. 2420 would cost $37 million in 2008 and $772 million over the 2008- 2012 period, assuming appropriation of the specified and estimated amounts. While the bill would allow the International Clean Energy Foundation to receive and spend gifts and donations, CBO estimates that H.R. 2420 would have no significant effect on direct spending and receipts. H.R. 2420 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) and would not affect the budgets of state, local, or tribal governments."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2007-06-08
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007
"The legislation would amend the Defense Production Act of 1950 to establish in law the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS). The committee would consist of at least nine permanent members with seven full members, including the Secretaries of the Treasury, Homeland Security, Commerce, Defense, State, and Energy, as well as the Attorney General and two ex-officio members including the Secretary of Labor and the Director of National Intelligence to coordinate the review of foreign investment in the United States that involves national security or critical infrastructure. The legislation would formalize and expand the review and investigation process. In addition, the legislation would require specific reports by the Department of the Treasury on the previous work of CFIUS and on foreign investment in the United States. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] expects that complying with the bill's provisions would increase the administrative expenses of some federal agencies, including the Department of the Treasury, but because of the confidential nature of the CFIUS review process, the number of agencies involved, and the confidential information needed to prepare an estimate for some provisions of the legislation, CBO cannot determine a precise estimate of the likely total costs of this bill."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2007-05-25
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 635, Methamphetamine Remediation Research Act of 2007
From the Summary: "H.R. 635 would establish a new research program for the cleanup of clandestine laboratories shutdown by law enforcement that have been used to produce methamphetamine. This legislation would authorize the appropriation of $2.5 million for each of fiscal years 2007 and 2008 for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to support such a program. Such efforts by EPA and NIST would include establishing guidelines on assessing sites and cleaning up contaminants, holding a conference to discuss research and guidelines with interested parties, and supporting research for the development of the guidelines and new detection technologies. Finally, the bill would authorize a study by the National Academy of Sciences on the residual effects of methamphetamine. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing S. 635 would cost about $3 million over the 2008-2009 period, assuming appropriation of the authorized amount in 2008. Enacting S. 635 would not affect direct spending or receipts. S. 635 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) and would benefit state and local governments."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2007-06-12
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 902, More Water, More Energy, and Less Waste Act of 2007
From the Summary: "H.R. 902 would authorize the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), to study the feasibility of using water produced during oil and gas exploration for irrigation. The act would authorize the Secretary to provide grants for projects that demonstrate such use. For these purposes, the act would authorize the appropriation of $8.5 million. Assuming appropriations of the authorized amounts, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that the agencies would spend $1 million to conduct a feasibility study in 2008 and 2009, $3 million for demonstration project grants over the 2010-2012 period, and about $5 million after 2012. Enacting H.R. 902 would not affect revenues or direct spending. The legislation contains no private-sector or intergovernmental mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) and would impose no costs on state, local, or tribal governments."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2007-06-07
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 185, Habeas Corpus Restoration Act of 2007
"S. 185 would eliminate provisions of current law that limit the jurisdiction of federal courts over applications for a writ of habeas corpus (a judicial order requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court to determine whether that person's detention or imprisonment is lawful) or other judicial action filed by, or on behalf of, an alien detained by the United States as an enemy combatant. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] expects that allowing those detainees greater access to the federal court system would have an insignificant effect on overall caseload. As such, CBO estimates that implementing S. 185 would have no significant cost over the next five years. Enacting this legislation would not affect direct spending or revenues. In 2006, the Congress enacted the Military Commissions Act of 2006 (Public Law 109-366). This act limited the right to habeas corpus for detainees of the U.S. military considered to be enemy combatants. By restoring this right, CBO expects that the number of habeas corpus petitions filed and heard in federal court would increase. However, given the number of cases in the federal system (the United States was a defendant in approximately 4,600 habeas corpus cases in 2006), this increase would likely be insignificant. As such, CBO estimates that implementing S. 185 would have no significant cost over the 2008-2012 period."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2007-06-12
