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Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories
"Microbiological laboratories are special, often unique work environments that may pose identifiable infectious disease risks to persons in or near them. Infections have been contracted in the laboratory throughout the history of microbiology. Although no national reporting system exists for reporting laboratory-associated infections, anecdotal information suggests that strict adherence to these guidelines does contribute to a healthier and safer work environment for laboratorians, their co-workers, and the surrounding community. To further reduce the potential for laboratory-associated infections, the guidelines presented here should be considered minimal guidance for containment. They must be customized for each individual laboratory and can be used in conjunction with other available scientific information."
United States. Government Printing Office
Richmond, Jonathan Y.; McKinney, Robert W.
1999-04
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 255, North Fork Watershed Protection Act of 2013
"S. 255 would withdraw 430,000 acres of federal lands in Montana from programs to develop geothermal and mineral resources. The affected lands, which lie adjacent to Glacier National Park, are already protected for wilderness values, and the proposed designation would not significantly affect the way they are managed. Based on information provided by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing the legislation would have no significant impact on the federal budget. Enacting S. 255 would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2013-06-26
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 568, A Bill to Amend Title 5, United States Code, to Require that the Office of Personnel Management Submit an Annual Report to Congress Relating to the Use of Official Time by Federal Employees
"H.R. 2166 would authorize the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Agriculture to expedite access to federal lands for search and recovery missions conducted by eligible individuals or organizations. Under the bill, entities conducting search and recovery missions would not be considered federal employees or volunteers, and the federal government would not be liable for the actions of such entities."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2013-06-26
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 2166, Good Samaritan Search and Recovery Act of 2013
"H.R. 2166 would authorize the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Agriculture to expedite access to federal lands for search and recovery missions conducted by eligible individuals or organizations. Under the bill, entities conducting search and recovery missions would not be considered federal employees or volunteers, and the federal government would not be liable for the actions of such entities."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2013-06-26
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Wireless Privacy Enhancement Act of 1999 and the Wireless Communications and Public Safety Enhancement Act of 1999: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Telecommunications, Trade, and Consumer Protection of the Committee on Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session on H.R. 438 and H.R. 514, February 3, 1999
On February 3, 1999, the House of Representatives Subcommittee on Telecommunications, Trade, and Consumer Protection of the Committee on Commerce convenes to discuss the the Wireless Privacy Enhancement Act of 1999 and the Wireless Communications and Public Safety Enhancement Act of 1999. Testifying are Michael Amarosa of TruePosition, Inc., James Dempsey of the Center for Democracy and Technology, Maureen Finnerty of the Department of the Interior, Captain Joseph Hanna on behalf of the Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials International, Inc., Thomas Sugrue of the FCC, Thomas Wheeler of the Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association, and Jackie Dukes of the Rural Cellular Association. Chairman Tauzin lauds the use of cellular technology for safety and emergency purposes but laments that "although the current law and the FCC rules prohibit such eavesdropping, the technology is readily available to intercept cellular phone calls." He explains that "today we hope to begin addressing those serious American concerns about privacy and about safety, when it comes to using this wonderful wireless technology." Congressman Markey reviews the different legislation that has dealt with this issue. Congressman Stears worries that "My fear is that a national seamless emergency 911 system will
be delayed through difficulties establishing the necessary upgraded standards", while others applaud work to set high standards for wireless implementation in America. Witnesses testify to a broad array of wireless uses, problems, and strategies for implementation.
United States. Government Printing Office
1999-02-03
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Approaches for Managing the Costs of U.S. Nuclear Forces, 2017 to 2046
"To continue to field a nuclear force roughly the same size as it is today, the United States plans to modernize virtually every element of that force over the coming decades. The Congressional Budget Office [CBO] estimates that the most recent detailed plans for nuclear forces, which were incorporated in the Obama Administration's 2017 budget request, would cost $1.2 trillion in 2017 dollars over the 2017-2046 period: more than $800 billion to operate and sustain (that is, incrementally upgrade) nuclear forces and about $400 billion to modernize them. That planned nuclear modernization would boost the total costs of nuclear forces over 30 years by roughly 50 percent over what they would be to only operate and sustain fielded forces, CBO estimates. During the peak years of modernization, annual costs of nuclear forces would be roughly double the current amount. That increase would occur at a time when total defense spending may be constrained by long-term fiscal pressures, and nuclear forces would have to compete with other defense priorities for funding. In its first few months, the Trump Administration began a new Nuclear Posture Review to determine a nuclear policy and force structure 'appropriately tailored to deter 21st century threats.' That review may recommend changing modernization plans and force sizes inherited from the Obama Administration to reflect the Trump Administration's priorities for nuclear forces or to shift resources to address other defense priorities in the face of long-term budgetary pressures."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2017-10
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Serial No. 106-10: Oversight Hearing on Mining, the American Economy and National Security -- The Role of Public Lands in Maintaining a National Asset: Oversight Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources of the Committee on Resources, U.S. House of Representatives One Hundred Sixth Congress First Session, February 23, 1999
On February 23, 1999, the House of Representatives Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources of the Committee on Resources convenes to discuss and hear testimony regarding Oversight Hearing on Mining, the American Economy and National Security -- "the Role of Public Lands in Maintaining a National Asset". Testifying are Dr. Donald Brobst of the Society for Economic Geologists, Stephen d'Esposito of the Mineral Policy Center, Richard Lawsom of the National Mining Association, Michael McKinley of the US Geological Survey, Dr. David Menzie of the US Geological Survey, and Douglas Silver of Balfour Holdings, Inc. Additional material is supplied by John Dobra, Ph.D. of the Natural Resource Industry Institute, Leo Drozdoff of the Division of Environmental Protection, Michael Evans of Evans Group, Russell King of Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold, Inc., John Lutley of the Gold Institute, and George Milling-Stanley of the World Gold Council. Chairwoman Barbara Cubin explains that "today's hearing will address concerns the Subcommittee has regarding the domestic hardrock mining industry and the role of public lands in providing an exploration base for the discovery of new metal mines to replace dwindling reserves." She also complains that "the Clinton Administration's budget request includes provisions which, if enacted, would only harm, not help, our domestic miners in the fight to stay competitive globally." Ranking minority member Robert Underwood submits that "So it is of concern to learn, as those new to this issue do, that the individuals and corporations producing hard rock minerals located on and extracted from public lands do not pay a production fee or royalty to the United States."
United States. Government Printing Office
1999-02-23
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U.S. Policy Toward Iraq: Mobilizing the Opposition: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session, June 23, 1999
S. HRG. 106-241: This hearing explores perspectives on the options available for ending Saddam Hussein's leadership in Iraq. The Iraqi National Congress Executive Committee's Washington meeting was highlighted as a good discussion about what the United States needs to do in moving forward, and calls the United States to put all its power and prestige behind one unified group which could then represent a real threat to Saddam on the ground. Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Ahmad Chalabi, Patrick Clawson, Rend Rahim Francke, A. Eizabeth Jones, and Paul Wellstone.
United States. Government Printing Office
1999
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CBO Study: Long-Term Implications of the 2011 Future Years Defense Program
"This Congressional Budget Office (CBO) study -- prepared at the request of the Senate Budget Committee -- projects the costs of the Department of Defense's plan for national defense for the years 2011 to 2028, providing a basis for discussions about future defense spending. The study is the latest in an annual series that CBO has published over the past eight years. In particular, it updates the projections contained in CBO's 'Long-Term Implications of the Fiscal Year 2010 Defense Budget,' published in January 2010. In keeping with CBO's mandate to provide objective, impartial analysis, this study makes no recommendations."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2011-02
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H. Rept. 106-33: Disaster Mitigation Coordination Act of 1999, Report to Accompany H.R. 818, March 1, 1999
"The Committee on Small Business, to whom was referred the bill (H.R. 818) to amend the Small Business Act to authorize a pilot program for the implementation of disaster mitigation measures by small businesses, having considered the same, report favorably thereon without amendment and recommend that the bill do pass. […] The purpose of H.R. 818 is to establish a pilot program for making loans to small businesses for the purpose of implementing techniques and technologies that will mitigate the effects of natural disasters. The Small Business Administration (SBA) currently administers a disaster loan program that lends to small businesses and homeowners affected by natural disasters. Implementation of H.R. 818 will enable the SBA to lend to small businesses in disaster prone areas and help them avert and lessen the costs of future disaster inflicted damages."
United States. Government Printing Office
1999-03-01
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 1591, Otto Warmbier Banking Restrictions Involving North Korea Act of 2017
"S. 1591 would modify sanctions on North Korea in a number of ways. The bill would require the Secretary of the Treasury to impose sanctions on foreign financial institutions that provide financial services to any person sanctioned under the North Korean Sanctions and Policy Enforcement Act (NKSPEA), an executive order, or a United Nations Security Council (UNSC) Resolution. Under the bill options for further sanctions could include blocking assets and restricting or prohibiting correspondent or payable-through accounts in the United States. (Correspondent accounts allow banks to send money to each other internationally and are essential for banks to access foreign financial systems and for customer payments.) Oher [sic] changes to sanctions on North Korea in S. 1591 include an expansion of the mandatory designations under NKSPEA related to trade and transactions in a variety of goods and services."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2017-12-07
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 3898, Impeding North Korea's Access to Finance Act of 2017
"H.R. 3898 would expand federal sanctions and reporting requirements related to commercial transactions and interactions with North Korea. The bill would require the Secretary of the Treasury to issue regulations that prohibit or strictly limit correspondent accounts maintained in the United States by certain foreign financial institutions. (Correspondent accounts allow banks to send money to each other internationally and are essential for banks to access foreign financial systems and for customer payments.) The affected institutions would include any institution that knowingly facilitates transactions or provides significant financial services for individuals or entities in the world that transact with persons in North Korea. [...] On the basis of information about the costs of similar activities, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that administering the sanctions and implementing the reporting requirements under H.R. 3898 would cost the Department of the Treasury less than $500,000 over the 2018-2022 period; such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2017-10-20
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Illegal aliens in the United States: hearing before the Subcommittee on Immigration and Claims of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, first session, March 18, 1999
This congressional hearing discusses the implications and options for US policy resulting from the phenomenon of illegal immigration.
United States. Government Printing Office
1999-03-18
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Serial No. 106-3: The Clinton Defense Plan: Shipshape or Treading Water? Hearing before the Committee on the Budget, House of Representatives, 106th Congress, First Session, March 11th, 1999
On March 11th, 1999, the House of Representatives Committee on the Budget convenes to hear testimony on the Clinton Defense Plan. Submitting testimony are John Hamre, the Deputy Secretary of Defense; William Lynn III, the Undersecretary of Defense, Comptroller; William Cohen, the Secretary of Defense; Andrew Krepinevich, the Executive Director for the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments; and Robert Zoellick, the President and CEO of the Center for Strategic and International Studies. Discussion centers on issues of military preparedness and whether America is spending enough money in the right places to ensure security. Mr. Hamre defends the plan and explains the directions and goals of the Clinton Department of Defense. Mr. Krepinevich critiques the defense plan for spending money unwisely. Mr. Zoellick testifies that "there has been a significant disconnect between the Pentagon's security strategy and the defense budgets that are
supposed to fund that strategy, and frankly, one or the other is going to need to change if plans and resources are going to be aligned." Much criticism and support are offered along party lines for Clinton's Defense Plan.
United States. Government Printing Office
1999-03-11
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European Union: Internal Reform, Enlargement, and the Common Foreign and Security Policy: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on European Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session, March 24, 1999
S. Hrg. 106-48: The purpose of this hearing is to discuss the current situation in Europe. The hearing addresses a variety of issues including: enlargement, Common Agricultural Policy, and internal reform of the European Union, and US-EU relations. Statements, witnesses and submissions for the record include those of: Lily Feldman, Jeffrey Gedmin, Peter Rodman, Anthony Wayne, and Gordon Smith.
United States. Government Printing Office
1999-03-24
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Review of CBO's Activities in 2012 Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
"The federal government, through laws and regulations, sometimes imposes requirements--known as federal mandates--on state, local, and tribal governments and entities in the private sector in order to achieve national goals. In 1995, lawmakers enacted the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) in part to ensure that, during the legislative process, the Congress receives information about the potential effects of mandates as it considers proposed legislation. To that end, UMRA requires the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), at certain points in the legislative process, to assess the cost of mandates that would apply to state, local, and tribal governments or to the private sector. This report, which is part of an annual series that began in 1997, summarizes CBO's activities in 2012 under UMRA."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2013-03
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 249, Federal Employee Tax Accountability Act of 2013
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate for H.R. 249, "Federal Employee Tax Accountability Act of 2013." According to the report: "Under H.R. 249, individuals with federal tax debt that is seriously delinquent would be ineligible to be appointed or to continue serving as an employee of the federal government. The legislation defines seriously delinquent tax debt as outstanding tax debt to the federal government for which a public lien has been filed. Tax debt that is being paid in a timely manner or is part of a requested or pending collection-due-process hearing would not be considered seriously delinquent. Federal agencies would be required to have job applicants certify that they do not have such debt. The legislation also would allow agencies to review the public records of applicants or current employees; if a lien is discovered, agencies would be authorized to ask affected individuals to request that the Secretary of the Treasury confidentially disclose the status of that lien."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2013-04-11
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Report on the Troubled Asset Relief Program -- May 2013
"In October 2008, the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (Division A of Public Law 110-343) established the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) to enable the Department of the Treasury to promote stability in financial markets through the purchase and guarantee of 'troubled assets.' Section 202 of that legislation, as amended, requires the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) to submit annual reports on the costs of the Treasury's purchases and guarantees of troubled assets. The law also requires the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) to prepare an assessment of each OMB report within 45 days of its issuance. That assessment must discuss three elements: [1] The costs of purchases and guarantees of troubled assets, [2] The information and valuation methods used to calculate those costs, and [3] The impact on the federal budget deficit and debt. To fulfill its statutory requirement, CBO has prepared this report on the TARP's transactions that had been completed, were outstanding, and were anticipated as of April 17, 2013. By CBO's estimate, $428 billion of the initially authorized $700 billion will be disbursed through the TARP, including $419 billion that has already been disbursed and $9 billion in additional projected disbursements. The cost to the federal government of the TARP's transactions (also referred to as the subsidy cost), including grants for mortgage programs that have not yet been made, will amount to $21 billion, CBO estimates (see Table 1)."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2013-05-23
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President Discusses Iraqi Constitution with Press Pool [August 23, 2005]
President Bush answers questions from the press about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as well as the Iraqi constitution.
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
2005-08-23
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President Discusses Hurricane Katrina, Congratulates Iraqis on Draft Constitution [August 28, 2005]
President Bush updates the press on federal efforts to rescue victims of Hurricane Katrina. He also discusses the drafting of the Iraqi constitution as well as terrorism in the region.
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-
2005-08-28
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Defense Transportation: DOD Needs to Take Actions to Improve the Transportation of Hazardous Material Shipments, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "Over 3 billion tons of HAZMAT [handling, labeling, and packaging of hazardous materials] are transported by commercial carriers in the United States each year. DOD accounted for about 1.6 million HAZMAT shipments in fiscal year 2013, using commercial and military carriers. These shipments can be high risk and highly sensitive and if improperly handled, labeled, or packaged could result in the loss of life, property damage, and harm to national security interests. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013 mandates GAO [Government Accountability Office] to review DOD's guidance, policies, and procedures regarding HAZMAT shipments. GAO examined the (1) statutes, regulations, guidance, policies, and procedures that govern DOD's handling, labeling, and packaging of HAZMAT shipments to support military operations and (2) extent to which DOD faces any challenges in implementing its policies and procedures for transporting HAZMAT in a safe, timely, and cost-effective manner. GAO examined DOD's and DOT's regulations and related DOD documentation for the transport of HAZMAT and found the 2009-13 data it examined sufficiently reliable for the purposes of the review."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2014-05
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Commercial Aviation: Status of Air Service to Small Communities and the Federal Programs Involved, Statement of Gerald L. Dillingham, Ph.D. Director, Physical Infrastructure Issues, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Aviation, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives
From the Highlights: "Establishing and retaining reliable air service to small communities has been a challenge for decades. Communities seek access to air transportation services as a driver for attracting investment and generating employment. To incentivize service, Congress established two programs to help support air service to small communities--EAS [Essential Air Service] and SCASDP [Small Community Air Service Development Program] . Airports are categorized by DOT's Federal Aviation Administration and described in terms of 'hub' size based on the number of passengers served annually. Airports range from large hubs with at least 7.3 million passengers in 2012 to nonprimary airports with fewer than 10,000 passengers. Airports receiving subsidized EAS service are either nonhub or nonprimary, and SCASDP airports are small hub or smaller. This testimony discusses (1) the airline industry factors affecting air service to small communities, (2) the federal programs and policies that support air service to small communities, and (3) other options for improving access to air service for these communities. The testimony is based on previous GAO reports issued from 2003 through 2014; analysis of industry data for years 2007 through 2013; and selected updates on EAS and SCASDP programs. To conduct these updates, GAO reviewed program documentation and interviewed DOT officials and industry representatives."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Dillingham, Gerald L.
2014-04-30
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Cyber Security: How Can We Protect American Computer Networks from Attack? Hearing Before the Committee on Science, United States, House of Representatives, One Hundred and Seventh Congress, First Session, October 10, 2001
From the opening statement of Sherwood L. Boehlert: "In talking to experts on matters within this Committee's jurisdiction, the security issue that came up repeatedly was computer security. It is easy to state the problem in general terms. American society has become vastly more dependent on computers and the Internet in recent years, making us more vulnerable to criminal or terrorist attacks on our computer networks. Yet, research and development on computer security have not kept pace with the growing significance of the threat. But laying out the problem is far easier than figuring out what to do about it. So today, we will hear from a variety of experts who will guide us as we decide what legislative and other steps are needed to increase the focus on computer security, in terms of R&D, risk assessment, and implementation." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Sherwood L. Boehlert, Ralph M. Hall, Constance Morella, J. Randy Forbes, Zoe Lofgren, Sheila Jackson Lee, William A. Wulf, Eugene H. Spafford, Terry C. Vickers Benzel, and Mr. Robert Weaver.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. (1995-2007)
2001
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Cyber Security R&D: Hearing Before the U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Science and Technology, Subcommittee on Research & Science Education, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, First Session, June 10, 2009
From the statement of Vernon J. Ehlers: "Cyber security is of great concern to both the Federal Government and private industry. This is a timely hearing, since a little over a month ago the House passed the measure reauthorizing the Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Act of 2009 (NITRD). As you know, the NITRD program is responsible for the coordination of all the unclassified federal research and development efforts in cyber security. However, cyber security efforts are only a small part of the overall NITRD mission and I am glad that this hearing will focus special attention on this subject. As we become more dependent on virtual information and services, security becomes more and more challenging to maintain. Fostering trust between the public and private sector will allow for the type of research partnerships necessary to keep our information secure, and exchanging information between stakeholders is critical. I am also particularly interested in learning how we are supporting the education and training of students in this rapidly changing field, and whether the current mechanisms are adequate to ensure our national cyber security interests." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Daniel Lipinski, Bernice Johnson, Seymour E. Goodman, Liesyl I. Franz, Anita D'Amico, Fred B. Schneider, and Timothy G. Brown.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007-2011)
2009
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Public Transit: Challenges Funding, Investing in Systems, and Coordinating Services, Statement of Dave Wise, Director, Physical Infrastructure Issues, Testimony Before the Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs, U.S. Senate
From the Highlights: "Millions of passengers use transit services on a daily basis, and many transit agencies that provide these services receive federal funding. To meet the needs of these passengers in a challenging economy, transit agencies must use federal and other resources wisely, while ensuring quality service. The July 2012 surface transportation reauthorization act--MAP-21 [Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act]--has addressed a number of transit issues by strengthening federal authority to oversee transit safety and emphasizing the restoration and replacement of aging infrastructure, among other things. While it is too early to assess all of the impacts of MAP-21, the work GAO [Government Accountability Office] has done can help inform the next surface transportation reauthorization act. This testimony covers GAO's recent work on: (1) funding transit; (2) improving capital decision making; and (3) coordinating services for transit-disadvantaged populations. To address these objectives, GAO drew from its recent reports issued from March 2011 through November 2013. GAO has also analyzed MAP-21, recent rulemaking, and other reports. […] GAO made recommendations on these issues in previous reports. The Department of Transportation agreed to consider these recommendations and is in various stages of implementing them."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2014-01-16
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Cybersecurity in the Health Care Sector: Strengthening Public-Private Partnerships, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, United States House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, April 4, 2017
This is a testimony compilation of the April 4, 2017 hearing on "Cybersecurity in the Health Care Sector: Strengthening Public-Private Partnerships" held before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Energy and Commerce. From the opening statement of Greg Walden: "As technology becomes increasingly integrated with all levels of our health care, cyber threats pose a challenge to the entire sector. Everyone - from the smallest rural hospitals, to large providers and device manufacturers - faces some level of exposure and risk. Breaches, exploits, and vulnerabilities are inevitable realities of modern society, even for the most well-resourced and sophisticated organizations. But this does not mean doom-and-gloom for everyone with an internet connection. It is simply reality and must serve as the baseline for any discussion about cybersecurity. We may not be able to stop every attack, but as the threats continue to escalate, we must do more to minimize the risk." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Denise Anderson, Michael McNeil, and Terry Rice
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce
2017-04-04
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Undermining Democratic Institutions and Splintering NATO: Russian Disinformation Aims, Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, March 9, 2017
This is the March 9, 2017 hearing titled, "Undermining Democratic Institutions and Splintering NATO: Russian Disinformation Aims," held before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs. From the opening statement of Edward Royce, U.S. Representative from California's 39th Congressional District and Chairman of the Committee: "This morning we examine Russia's systematic attempts to undermine and discredit Western democratic institutions, with one goal being to splinter the North Atlantic Treaty Organization [NATO]. In January, the U.S. intelligence community produced a report which found that 'Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered an influence campaign in 2016 aimed at the U.S. Presidential election.' [...] Indeed, the intelligence community reports warn that 'Moscow will apply lessons learned to future influence efforts worldwide, including against U.S. allies and their election processes.' [...] with elections on the horizon in France, Germany, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, and Italy, European intelligence services are sounding the alarm about Russian attempts to skew the outcome with targeted disinformation and propaganda. [...] What is new is that Russian disinformation has been growing in sophistication, intensity, reach, and impact. [...] Russia has deployed its arsenal of trolls, propaganda, and false information to a new level. These techniques have even become enshrined in official Kremlin doctrine. Moscow's strategic objective is to break apart the NATO alliance and, thus, to boost Russian geopolitical influence in Western Europe. [...] I am afraid it is not exaggeration to say the long-term future of the European security order and America's role as an Atlantic power is at risk." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Toomas Hendrik Ilves, Lincoln P. Bloomfield, Jr., Peter B. Doran, and Daniel Baer.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2017
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State Secrets Privilege: National Security Information in Civil Litigation [April 28, 2022]
From the Document: "he Supreme Court of the United States has long recognized a common law government privilege against the disclosure of state and military secrets in civil litigation known as the 'state secrets privilege.' The United States has invoked this privilege in two broad categories of cases. [...] This report presents an overview of the protections afforded by the state secrets privilege, a discussion of some of the many unresolved issues associated with the privilege, and a selection of high-profile examples of how the privilege has been applied in practice. The report also describes some considerations for Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Elsea, Jennifer; Liu, Edward C.
2022-04-28
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Overview of the Budget Proposal for the National Institute Standards and Technology for Fiscal Year 2017, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Research and Technology of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, Second Session, March 16, 2016
This is the March 16, 2016 hearing on "Overview of the Budget Proposal for the National Institute of Standards and Technology for Fiscal Year 2017" held before the House of Representatives Subcommittee on Research and Technology of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. From the opening statement of Subcommittee Chairwoman Barbara Comstock: "This Committee has a long, bipartisan record of support for NIST and its contributions to research and development. As a non-regulatory agency within the Department of Commerce that works closely alongside industry, NIST works to promote U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and technology. The fiscal year 2017 budget request for NIST totals $1 billion, an increase of $50.5 million or about five percent from the fiscal year 2016 enacted level. [...] Considering the constantly evolving cyber threats and technology, it is imperative that we do everything that we can to protect our citizens. In order to ensure this, NIST plays a very important role by providing guidelines and standards to help reduce cyber risks to federal agencies and critical infrastructure." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Willie E. May.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2017
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Understanding the Role of Connected Devices in Recent Cyberattacks, Joint Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Communications and Technology and the Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, Second Session, November 16, 2016
This is the November 16, 2016 joint hearing on "Understanding the Role of Connected Devices in Recent Cyberattacks" held before the House of Representatives Subcommittee on Communications and Technology and the Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade of the Committee on Energy and Commerce. From the opening statement of Subcommittee Chairman Michael C. Burgess: "Recent attacks present a unique opportunity to examine the scope of the threats and the vulnerabilities presented by connected devices and to learn how stakeholders are considering these risks throughout the supply chain, as well as how consumers are responding in the market. We have learned about a number of best practices and the standard-setting projects that are ongoing with various groups. It is an exciting time. And the growth of interconnected device, the growth of the Internet of Things, it is really going to be life- changing in so many industries, but we also need to see meaningful leadership from industry about how to address these real challenges.". Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Dale Crew, Bruce Schneier, and Kevin Fu.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2017
