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Ukraine and International Financial Institutions [Updated June 10, 2022]
From the Document: "Russia's war against Ukraine has devastated the Ukrainian economy and is having widespread repercussions in Europe and around the world. While the economic impact is largest in Ukraine, neighboring countries are suffering from trade disruptions; higher food, energy, and commodity prices; and an influx of refugees. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and other international financial institutions (IFIs) are providing emergency assistance to Ukraine and neighboring countries and are developing short- and medium-term assistance strategies. The United States government is supporting these efforts through U.S. leadership at the IFIs and through additional bilateral contributions. On April 28, the Biden Administration requested new FY2022 funding for IFIs as part of an emergency supplemental budget request for Ukraine, which was incorporated in H.R. 7691, which was signed into law on May 21."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Weiss, Martin A.
2022-06-10
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Security of the Federal Judiciary: Background and Recent Congressional Legislation [June 8, 2022]
From the Document: "The July 2020 fatal attack [hyperlink] of a family member at the home of a federal judge in New Jersey has continued to prompt calls for enhanced security for federal judges and their families. This attack underscored ongoing concerns related to judicial security, particularly given the increase in the number of threats against federal judges and other judiciary personnel. Specifically, according to the U.S. Marshals Service (USMS) [hyperlink], there were 4,511 threats and inappropriate communications against federal judges, other federal court employees, and jurors during FY2021. This represented a 387% increase over threats and inappropriate communications that occurred during 2015 (when there were 926 such incidents [hyperlink]). Most recently, in May 2022, following the unauthorized release of a controversial draft opinion [hyperlink] for a case pending before the U.S. Supreme Court [hyperlink] and protests [hyperlink] related to the draft opinion, an 8-foot 'nonscalable' fence was erected around the Supreme Court building [hyperlink]. Attorney General Merrick Garland also directed the USMS to provide 'around-the-clock security' [hyperlink] for the Court's Justices, including at their private residences. These measures were not taken to prevent peaceful protests, but to deter what Attorney General Garland described as 'violence or threats of violence against judges' [hyperlink] and other public servants."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
McMillion, Barry J.
2022-06-08
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: Public Transportation Terrorism Prevention Act of 2007
From the Summary: "The Public Transportation Terrorism Prevention Act of 2007 would authorize the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to provide $3.5 billion in grants over the 2008-2010 period to public transportation agencies to improve the security of transit systems, and grants and contracts to public and private entities to study methods of deterring terrorist attacks against transit systems and mitigating damages from such attacks. Assuming appropriation of the amounts specified in the bill for those grants, CBO estimates that implementing those provisions would cost about $2.9 billion over the 2007-2012 period and about $570 million after 2012. In addition to authorizing appropriations for grants, the bill would require DHS to create a public transportation training program, review security assessments submitted by public transportation agencies, assess the security of bus and rural transportation systems, and report to the Congress and to the governor of each state on the use of the grants for security improvements. Finally, the legislation would authorize grants for the Information Sharing and Analysis Center (ISAC) for Public Transportation. Assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts, CBO estimates that implementing those provisions would cost about $5 million each year over the 2008-2012 period."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2007-02-22
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 3140, Mass Transit Intelligence Prioritization Act
"Under current law, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) assigns federal officers and analysts to work at state and local 'fusion centers,' which are hubs for gathering and sharing information about potential threats to public safety. H.R. 3140 would direct the Secretary of Homeland Security to make it a priority to assign federal staff to fusion centers in high-risk areas with mass transit systems. Based on information from DHS, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing H.R. 3140 would have no significant impact on the federal budget. According to the department, the requirement to prioritize staff assignments to high-risk fusion centers with mass transit systems is consistent with current administrative practices, and CBO does not expect that codifying that requirement would significantly affect the number of staff assigned to fusion centers or the federal spending for related activities. Enacting H.R. 3140 would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply. H.R. 3140 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act and would impose no costs on state, local, or tribal governments. The CBO staff contact for this estimate is Megan Carroll. This estimate was approved by Theresa Gullo, Deputy Assistant Director for Budget Analysis."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2012-04-19
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 2356, WMD Prevention and Preparedness Act of 2012
This is the Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate for H.R. 2356, WMD (Weapons of Mass Destruction) Prevention and Preparedness Act of 2012. From the Summary: "CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that H.R. 2356 [House Resolution 2356] would authorize the appropriation of $394 million over the 2013-2017 period for programs in the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and other agencies to address the threat of weapons of mass destruction. Assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts, CBO estimates that implementing H.R. 2356 would cost $342 million over the 2013-2017 period. The bill would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply. H.R. 2356 would impose intergovernmental and private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) by requiring public and private laboratories to comply with new security standards. Because the number of entities affected, the types of toxins and biologic agents covered, and the nature of security measures required would depend on future regulatory actions, CBO cannot estimate the costs of the mandates or whether they would exceed the annual thresholds for intergovernmental or private-sector mandates ($73 million and $146 million in 2012, respectively, adjusted annually for inflation)."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2012-06-07
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 1590, Terrorist and Foreign Fighter Travel Exercise Act of 2019 [May 22, 2019]
"H.R. 1590 would require the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to develop and carry out national exercises designed to evaluate the nation's preparedness against the threat of foreign fighters and terrorists. Using information from FEMA, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing the legislation would not significantly affect the federal budget over the 2020- 2024 period because the new exercises would be integrated into existing programs."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2019-05-22
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 1590, Terrorist and Foreign Fighter Travel Exercise Act of 2019 [March 28, 2019]
"H.R. 1590 would require the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to develop and carry out national exercises designed to evaluate the nation's preparedness against the threat of foreign fighters and terrorists. Using information from FEMA, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing the legislation would not significantly affect the federal budget over the 2020-2024 period because the new exercises would be integrated into existing programs."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2019-03-28
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CBO Study: Effects of Renewable or Clean Electricity Standards
From the Preface: "This Congressional Budget Office (CBO) study--prepared at the request of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources--examines how a federal renewable or clean electricity standard would change the mix of fuels used for electricity generation, the amount of CO2 [carbon dioxide] emissions, and the retail price of electricity in different parts of the United States. In particular, the study explores how some proposed features of such standards (such as various preferences, exemptions, and alternative compliance rules) would affect those outcomes and identifies underlying causes of uncertainty about such outcomes. The study also highlights key elements in designing a renewable or clean electricity standard that would help minimize its costs to U.S. households and businesses. In keeping with CBO's mandate to provide objective, impartial analysis, this report makes no recommendations."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
Dinan, Terry; Prest, Brian
2011-07
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 629, Hydropower Improvement Act of 2011
From the Summary: "S. 629 would authorize appropriations for a variety of activities aimed at promoting the supply and energy efficiency of hydroelectric power. Assuming appropriation of amounts authorized by the bill and estimated to be necessary, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing S. 629 would cost $378 million over the 2012-2016 period. S. 629 would not affect direct spending or receipts; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply. S. 629 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) and would impose no costs on state, local, or tribal governments."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2011-04-22
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 425, FTO Passport Revocation Act of 2017
This is the Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate for H.R. 425, FTO (Foreign Terrorist Organization) Passport Revocation Act of 2017. From the Document: "H.R. 425 would authorize the Department of State to deny a passport or revoke an existing one for any U.S. citizen that the department finds has helped a foreign terrorist organization. The department would be required to report to the Congress each time it uses that authority. The department has used broader authorities under current law to deny or revoke passports in such cases; the bill would provide overlapping specific authority. Citizens who have been denied a passport or had one revoked are entitled to an administrative hearing and the department bears the costs associated with such hearings. Those individuals may also choose to pursue legal action. Based on an analysis of information from the department, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] expects that under the bill the number of passports being denied or revoked would not increase significantly. On that basis, CBO estimates that implementing the bill would cost less than $500,000 over the 2018-2022 period, subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2017-10-11
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 1535, Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act
"S. 1535 would narrow the immunity of foreign states and their employees or agents from lawsuits by victims of terrorist acts and grant U.S. district courts jurisdiction over certain terrorism-related cases. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing S. 1535 would have no significant effect on the federal budget. Enacting S. 1535 could increase revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures apply. However, CBO estimates that any such effects would not be significant in any year. Enacting the bill would not affect direct spending. Under the bill, it is possible that district courts would hear additional terrorism-related cases. The Departments of Justice and St ate often review such cases and issue recommendations to those courts. However, based on information from both agencies, CBO estimates that no additional personnel would be required to implement the bill. Thus, implementing the bill would have no significant costs over the 2015-2019 period."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2014-10-07
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Environmental Security in Botswana
From the Document: "The continent of Africa is important to U.S. national security interests. Long known for its influence over critical choke points and sea lines of communication, Africa is increasingly known as a land of vast stretches of under-governed spaces, burgeoning terrorist groups, world-class deposits of strategic minerals and petroleum, and the continent most affected by climate change. It is also known for high population growth rates and troubled governments struggling to maintain legitimacy. Many of the challenges to these governments originate with environmental change and a resource base eroded by high population growth rates, bad governmental policy, and environmental degradation. To maintain legitimacy, and preserve political stability, governments must satisfy demands placed on the political system by the population. In Africa, state security increasingly depends upon human security. One country in southern Africa that has succeeded in addressing this paradigm with a whole of government concept is dry and landlocked Botswana."
Army War College (U.S.). Center for Strategic Leadership
Bankus, Brent C.
2011-10
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FASAB's Exposure Draft 'Accounting for Federal Oil and Gas Resources': CBO's Alternative View
This CBO (Congressional Budget Office) document is about FASAB's (Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board's) Exposure Draft "Accounting for Federal Oil and Gas Resources." From the Document: "Financial accounting is moving toward greater use of fair value estimates for financial assets and liabilities for private sector reporting entities. Fair value is the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in a transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In general, fair value measures provide relevant, timely, and relatively accurate valuations. The desirable attributes of fair values are equally appropriate to valuations of physical resources; where possible, the federal balance sheet should report the fair value of the nation's natural resources, including oil and gas. Establishing appropriate values for oil and gas is particularly important because that methodology may set a precedent for how other federal natural resources, such as coal and timber, are valued on the federal balance sheet. A standard for recognizing federal oil and gas resources as an asset must distinguish two categories of federal holdings: proved reserves and all other. For proved reserves, the fair value to the federal government is the present value of expected contract royalties. For all other gas and oil holdings, including unproved resources that have not been offered for lease and resources that might never be tapped, fair value is the present value of expected bonuses, rents, and royalty payments. But for both types of holdings, fair value is the appropriate valuation."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2007-05-22
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 5175, Pipeline and LNG Facility Cybersecurity Preparedness Act
From the Summary: "H.R. 5175 would direct the Department of Energy (DOE) to undertake a variety of activities aimed at improving the physical security and cybersecurity of pipelines and liquid natural gas (LNG) facilities. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing H.R. 5175 would cost $86 million over the 2019-2023 period, assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts. Enacting the bill would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply. CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 5175 would not increase net direct spending or on-budget deficits in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2029. H.R. 5175 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-06-06
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 267, Hydropower Regulatory Efficiency Act of 2013
"Under the Federal Power Act, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) issues licenses and regulates hydroelectric facilities, regardless of size. H.R. 267 would amend current law to allow FERC to extend certain permits related to hydroelectric facilities and exempt small hydroelectric facilities with a generating capacity of 10 megawatts or less from FERC's licensing requirements. In addition, the bill would direct the Secretary of Energy to study the feasibility of generating hydroelectric power using water flowing through conduits or at facilities that store water. Finally, the bill would authorize FERC to carry out pilot projects to demonstrate the potential of generating hydroelectric power at nonpowered dams and water-storage facilities. Based on information from FERC and the Department of Energy (DOE), CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing H.R. 267 would have no significant net impact on the federal budget. CBO anticipates that the proposed changes to FERC's permitting and licensing requirements would reduce the commission's workload. We also estimate that FERC would spend about $1 million on pilot projects authorized under the bill, assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts. However, because FERC recovers 100 percent of its costs through user fees, any change in the agency's costs (which are controlled through annual appropriation acts) would be offset by an equal change in fees that the commission charges, resulting in no net change in federal spending. Finally, CBO estimates that any increased costs to DOE to prepare the study that would be required under H.R. 267 would be negligible because the proposed study is similar to ongoing efforts to analyze the potential for developing hydropower resources. Enacting H.R. 267 would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2013-01-31
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 4349, Hoover Power Allocation Act of 2010
"H.R. 4349 would update the statutory allocation of electric power generated at the Hoover Dam among various users. The current allocation expires at the end of fiscal year 2017. The legislation would increase the amount of electricity to be marketed by the Western Area Power Administration (WAPA) and would allocate much of the dam's currently unallocated electricity to Native American Indian tribes and other entities. The revised allocations would remain in effect from 2017 through 2067. Based on information from WAPA, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing this bill would have a negligible effect on net direct spending and spending subject to appropriation. In the absence of this legislation, CBO expects that WAPA would allocate the electricity from the Hoover Dam by regulation. CBO estimates that any differences between the electricity allocation under H.R. 4349 and the allocations developed under such regulations would have a negligible effect on offsetting receipts (an offset to direct spending) from electricity sales because the agency is required by law to keep electric rates as low as possible while recovering all costs of generation and marketing over time. CBO also estimates that implementing the bill would have no significant impact on WAPA's administrative costs, which are funded by appropriations and offset by proceeds from the sale of electricity."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2010-05-20
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 394, No Oil Producing and Exporting Cartels Act of 2011
"S. 394 would seek to prohibit foreign states from working collectively to limit the production, set the price, or otherwise restrain the trading of petroleum and natural gas when such actions affect U.S. markets. The bill would authorize the Department of Justice (DOJ) to enforce the legislation by filing antitrust actions in federal courts. The bill also would provide that foreign states that restrain trade in petroleum and natural gas would not be immune from the judgment of U.S. courts under the doctrine of sovereign immunity. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] cannot estimate a precise cost of implementing S. 394 because we have no basis for assessing the likelihood that the Administration might initiate antitrust actions against foreign states under the bill. Based on information from DOJ on the costs of investigating alleged antitrust violations, CBO estimates that investigations like those that might be brought under S. 394 could cost as much as $4 million per year, subject to appropriation of the necessary funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2011-04-26
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 1894, Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act
"S. [Senate bill] 1894 would narrow the immunity of foreign states and their employees or agents against lawsuits from victims of terrorist acts, grant U.S. district courts jurisdiction over certain terrorism-related cases, and extend the statute of limitations for civil actions pertaining to terrorist acts. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing S. 1894 would have no significant effect on the federal budget. Enacting S. 1894 could increase revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures apply. However, CBO estimates that any effects would not be significant in any year. Enacting the bill would not affect direct spending. Under the bill, it is possible that district courts would hear additional terrorism-related cases. The Departments of Justice and State often review such cases and issue recommendations to those courts. However, based on information from both agencies, CBO estimates that no additional personnel would be required to implement the bill and thus, that the bill would have insignificant discretionary costs over the 2013-2017 period."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2012-11-07
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 2264, No Oil Producing and Exporting Cartels Act of 2007
"H.R. 2264 would seek to prohibit foreign states from working collectively to limit the production, set the price, or otherwise restrain the trading of petroleum and natural gas when such actions affect U.S. markets. The bill would authorize the Department of Justice (DOJ) to enforce the legislation by filing antitrust actions in federal courts. The bill also would provide that foreign states that restrain trade in petroleum and natural gas would not be immune from the judgment of U.S. courts under the doctrine of sovereign immunity."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2007-05-18
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 971, A Bill to Extend the Deadline for Commencement of Construction of Certain Hydroelectric Projects in Connecticut, and for Other Purposes
"H.R. 971 would authorize the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) to reinstate the license for a hydroelectric project (number 11547) in Connecticut. The bill also would extend, through May 20, 2007, the deadlines for commencing construction on that and two other projects in that state (numbers 10822 and 10823). Under the bill, FERC could further extend those deadlines for two consecutive two-year periods. CBO estimates that implementing H.R. 971 would have no net effect on the federal budget."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2006-09-25
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 2476, Securing American Non-Profit Organizations Against Terrorism Act of 2019
"H.R. 2476 would authorize the appropriation of $75 million annually from 2020 through 2024 for the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to provide grants to certain nonprofit organizations to enhance security measures aimed at guarding against terrorist attacks. Those measures would include hardening potential targets with physical security and covering the costs of security training for employees. Under the act, states would administer the grants to the nonprofit organizations. The act also would require FEMA to report annually to the Congress about the spending of funds provided to recipients. FEMA currently administers a Nonprofit Security Grant Program and in 2018 allocated funds totaling $60 million to make grants under that program. Based on historical spending patterns for the grants under that program, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates implementing the act would cost $166 million over the 2020-2024 period and $202 million after 2024, assuming appropriation of the authorized amounts."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2019-07-09
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2011 Pacific Environmental Security Conference (PESC)
From the Background: "On March 14-17, 2011, the United States Pacific Command (USPACOM) enlisted the Center for Strategic Leadership's National Security Issues Group to develop the conference to discuss regional environmental security issues. The conference focused on broad topic areas: Environmental Security and Sustainability, Water Resources Management, Adaptation to Climate Change, and Disaster Preparedness. The primary aim of the conference series is to review the major environmental security issues facing the region and engage in a policy-oriented dialogue that examines joint civil-military environmental security efforts. Eighteen (18) countries participated in this first conference. The PESC [Pacific Environmental Security Conference] convened just four days following Japan's devastating earthquake and tsunami, which set the tone for the importance of the conference and exemplified the value of international, civil-military cooperation in all phases of disaster management."
Army War College (U.S.). Center for Strategic Leadership
2011-10-04?
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Climate Change, Adaptation and Security in Central America and the Caribbean
From the Document: "Conservation International classifies Mesoamerica and the Caribbean among the world's top twenty-five 'biodiversity hotspots' because climate change will have a major impact on those region's economies and natural resources. Climate-related changes are already being experienced in the region with many Latin American countries being vulnerable due to their extensive coastlines, particularly the small island states in the Caribbean. Hurricanes, floods, landslides and earthquakes in the region are becoming more frequent or severe, thereby affecting stability, contributing to poverty, destroying agricultural land, and contributing to food and clean water scarcity. These changes will shape the region's security environment, and increase the need for military support to civil authorities in order to mitigate and adapt to those effects."
Army War College (U.S.). Center for Strategic Leadership
Ramirez, Marcela; Butts, Kent Hughes
2011-03
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Relationship Between Military Engineers and Environmental Issues
From the Document: "According to the National Science Foundation, Environmental Engineering relates to understanding the impacts of human activities on the public health, natural environmental quality, natural resources and with developing the scientific basis for identifying, analyzing, solving, mitigating, or managing environmental problems caused by human activities. There is an innate requirement to fully leverage information technology, training and education to provide integrated engineering and environmental management, execution, and technical services in support of the populace. In addition to civilian government agencies and private sector stakeholders, nation's militaries should consider environmental issues and concerns at the strategic level particularly in view of the worldwide increase of severity and number of natural disasters over the past decade. At the operational and tactical levels, working with partner nation's militaries and governmental disaster preparedness entities has proven to build host nation capacities, positive international relationships, promotes governmental legitimacy and stability, and is an effective instrument for peace through engagement."
Army War College (U.S.). Center for Strategic Leadership
Ramirez, Marcela
2011-03
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Combatant Command Interagency Directorate Symposium
From the Document: "As a result of the September 11, 2001 attacks on New York City's World Trade Center and the Pentagon, the Secretary of Defense authorized the creation of interagency coordination cells within the Combatant Commands. Known as the Joint Interagency Working Group-Counterterrorism (JIACG-CT) it was visualized as being the vehicle by which the Combatant Commander (CCDR) would integrate the interagency into the Theater planning process. As with the evolution of living organisms, after nine years each JIACG's development was directly impacted by its environment. Among the Combatant Commands not even the name remains the same. The Army War College took advantage of the opportunity to see the many faces of interagency coordination from August 31 - September 1, 2010 when the Center for Strategic Leadership, at the request of the U.S. European Command (USEUCOM) EC-J9, hosted the 'Combatant Command Interagency Directorate Symposium (IDS)'. [...] During the two-day session the participants discussed their organizations, missions, and on-going projects. They also looked at connectivity between the Combatant Command interagency coordination organizations and the DOD, and, the possible development of a role-defining continuity document. A connecting thread throughout the two day symposium was the criticality of advancing the 'Whole of Government' approach in Theater planning and operations. During the symposium the Interagency Directors focused on three principal topic areas: 'Who Are We?' (Organization); 'What Do We Do?' (Mission); and 'What is the Next Step?' (The Road Ahead)."
Army War College (U.S.). Center for Strategic Leadership
Griffard, Bernard F.
2010-10
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Missile Defense: Better Oversight and Coordination Needed for Counter-Hypersonic Development, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "Since MDA [Missile Defense Agency] was established in 2002, the Department of Defense has spent over $174 billion to equip operational commanders with a network of sensors, interceptors and command and control capabilities collectively called the Missile Defense System. Since 2017, MDA's mission has broadened to include hypersonic weapons, which are difficult to track and defeat because they are capable of maneuvering during flight. Congress included provisions in legislation for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to annually assess MDA's progress toward meeting its acquisition goals. This report--the 19th to date--assesses (1) MDA's progress achieving its delivery and testing goals for fiscal year 2021, and (2) MDA's efforts to defend against hypersonic weapons."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-06
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Environmental Liabilities: Improvements Needed to Measure Progress of Cleanup of Formerly Used Defense Sites, Report to the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives
From the Highlights: "The estimated cost to the federal government of cleaning up environmental contamination, referred to as environmental liabilities, was $613 billion in fiscal year 2021. This is an increase from $465 billion in fiscal year 2017. DOD's fiscal year 2021 share of environmental liabilities was the second highest among federal agencies, at about $82 billion. Federal law authorizes DOD to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous substances and military munitions that it caused on properties used for military purposes and that were conveyed out of DOD's jurisdiction prior to 1986. These types of contamination can harm both humans and the environment. House Report 116-120 included a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to review the various elements of FUDS [Formerly Used Defense Sites]. Among other objectives, this report (1) describes the scope and costs of cleaning up FUDS and the reliability of the estimates and (2) examines how DOD selects FUDS for cleanup."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-06
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Public Health Preparedness: Medical Countermeasure Development for Certain Serious or Life-Threatening Conditions, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "Past bioterrorist attacks, such as the anthrax attacks of 2001, highlight the threat of widespread illness and death posed by CBRN [chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear] agents and the importance of medical countermeasures. GAO [Government Accountability Office] has previously reported on the challenges of developing medical countermeasures. Medical countermeasures may need to be developed and approved under FDA's Animal Rule. The Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness and Advancing Innovation Act of 2019 included a provision for GAO to review medical countermeasure development under the Animal Rule. In this report GAO describes (1) FDA efforts to support medical countermeasure developers under the Animal Rule, and (2) the extent of animal model qualification under FDA's Animal Model Qualification Program, and the effect of qualified models on medical countermeasure development."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-06
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Remarks by the President on the Gulf Oil Spill [May 27, 2010]
On May 27, 2010, President Obama gives an update on the status of the British Petroleum (BP) oil spill. He discusses the methods being used to stop the leak and mitigate its effects. The President affirms that the federal government, from day one, has been in charge of the response effort. While assuring the public that BP is responsible for the disaster, he also reaffirms that BP is operating at the direction of the federal government. Following his statement, the President answers questions from the press.
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
Obama, Barack
2010-05-27
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President Obama Signs Iowa Disaster Declaration [February 25, 2010]
From the Document: "The President today [February 25, 2010] declared a major disaster exists in the State of Iowa and ordered Federal aid to supplement State and local recovery efforts in the area struck by a severe winter storm and snowstorm during the period of December 23-27, 2009." This aid is available for damage "in the counties of Adair, Audubon, Calhoun, Carroll, Cass, Cherokee, Clay, Crawford, Emmet, Franklin, Fremont, Guthrie, Harrison, Ida, Monona, Page, Pottawattamie, Sac, Shelby, Sioux, and Woodbury."
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
2010-02-25
