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Terrorist-Criminal Pipelines and Criminalized States: Emerging Alliances
"Transnational criminal organizations, networks, and terrorist groups are increasingly helping each other move products, money, weapons, personnel, and goods. They accomplish this through an informal network or series of overlapping pipelines. These pipelines can be best understood as recombinant chains with links that can couple and decouple as necessary to meet the interests of the networks involved. Many operate in 'alternatively governed' spaces outside of direct state control or within criminal state enterprises. A criminal state counts on the integration of the state's leadership into the criminal enterprise and the use of public services--such as licensing, issuance of official documents, regulatory regimes, border control--for illicit purposes. A further variation of the criminal state occurs when a state franchises part of its territory to nonstate groups, with the protection of the central government or a regional power sharing the profits. The author shows that understanding and addressing these threats requires capacity-building in human intelligence collection and prosecuting transnational criminal organizations."
National Defense University Press
Farah, Douglas
2011-09
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Iran and Latin America: Strategic Security Issues
"Under the Statement of Work for the 'Iran and Latin America: Strategic Security Issues,' IASC [International Assessment and Strategy Center] was tasked with looking at the reality, potential and probabilities for WMD --including weapons, materiel or precursors - development and/or smuggling of WMD into and through Latin America. The task included looking at nation-states, non-state and transnational actors or third party nations, particularly Iran. IASC was asked to use primarily open source reporting, based on field trips to the region, but to also consider classified sources. Because the project ran for just half the time it was originally scheduled to, there are significant unanswered questions which will be outlined at the end of this document. This final report brings together the major findings from that field research and provides some overarching conclusions that can be drawn from those findings. The information was obtained through on the ground research and interviews with individuals in Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Bolivia and the United States; open source literature review; the acquisition and exploitation of grey literature; the study of relevant websites; the review of numerous unpublished and published studies in Latin America on topics of interest; and a review of classified U.S. Government reports and cables. IASC's initial findings show multiple, little-explored areas potentially useful for the movement and production of WMD in which Iran is seeking to consolidate its relationships with governments of the Bolivarian Revolution, meaning Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia and Nicaragua. There is relatively little in the classified literature on this area in general, and what reporting exists is fragmented and piecemeal, with few attempts to connect the dots of activities across different countries, particularly actions by Iran and Venezuela, but also including actions of Cuba and Syria in the region. This project was a first step in filling this significant gap." Note: This document has been added to the Homeland Security Digital Library in agreement with the Project on Advanced Systems and Concepts for Countering WMD (PASCC) as part of the PASCC collection. Permission to download and/or retrieve this resource has been obtained through PASCC.
United States. Defense Threat Reduction Agency. Advanced Systems and Concepts Office
Farah, Douglas
2011-05
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Bonneville/Western U.S. Power Outage, Oversight Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Water and Power Resources of the Committee on Resources, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session, November 7, 1996
This is the November 7, 1996 hearing on "Bonneville/Western U.S. Power Outage," held before the U.S. House Subcommittee on Water and Power Resources of the Committee on Resources. From the opening statement of John T. Doolittle: "The Subcommittee on Water and Power Resources will come to order. We are meeting today to hear testimony regarding issues and recommendations concerning the August 10, 1996, Bonneville Western U.S. power outage." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Mark B. Bonsall, Vikram S. Budhraja, P. Gregory Conlon, Marcie L. Edwards, John Ferraro, Randall Hardy, Renz D. Jennings, E. James Macias, and John E. Velehradsky.
United States. Government Publishing Office
1997
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Strategic Overview of Latin America: Identifying New Convergence Centers, Forgotten Territories, and Vital Hubs for Transnational Organized Crime
From the Document, "This paper outlines a number of critical strategic challenges in Latin America for U.S. policymakers, which were directly identified in the December 2017 National Security Strategy. However, despite this recognition, these issues are seldom featured in policy discussions about the region. [...] This analysis begins with a study of convergence in the illicit gold trade, drawing on fieldwork in Puerto Maldonado, Peru. It then considers three countries--Paraguay, Bolivia, and Nicaragua--that receive little attention from policymakers but are key players in the emerging drug trafficking, gold trade, money-laundering, and extra-regional illicit networks in Latin America. The discussion of both Bolivia and Paraguay features a brief study of the activities of the Primeiro Comando da Capital (First Command of the Capital), based in Brazil but rapidly expanding its operations across South and Central America. Despite being one of the largest and fastest-growing criminal gangs in the hemisphere, it is seldom viewed as an important consideration for regional trends. Finally, an overview of the Ramiro Network, a massive regional state-sponsored money-laundering structure based on fictitious oil sales, highlights a key convergence point for TOC [transnational organized crime] activity in El Salvador, Venezuela, Nicaragua, and Colombia-- including the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia or, FARC), FARC 'dissidents,' and Russia"
National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies
Farah, Douglas; Babineau, Kathryn
2019-01
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Transfer of BLM's Oil and Gas Lease Duties to States, Oversight Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources of the Committee on Resources, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session, September 25, 1996
This is the September 25, 1996 hearing on the "Transfer of BLM's Oil and Gas Lease Duties to States," held before the U.S. House Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources of the Committee on Resources. From the opening statement of Ken Calvert: "The Subcommittee meets to continue oversight on improving lease management of Federal oil and gas resources. Today's hearing is a follow-up to our June 20, 1996, hearing in which the Subcommittee reviewed the Clinton administration's Reinvent Government II proposal to transfer the Bureau of Land Management's (BLM) oil and gas inspection and enforcement functions to the various States. The Subcommittee is concerned that negotiations remain on track after adjournment of the 104th Congress and that a workable transfer of duties actually does occur." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: James Carter and W. Hord Tipton.
United States. Government Publishing Office
1996
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Rapid Evolution of the MS 13 in El Salvador and Honduras from Gang to Tier-One Threat to Central America and U.S. Security Interests
From the Introduction and General Framework: "This study focuses on the MS 13 [Mara Salvatrucha] in Honduras and El Salvador, where it represents an existential threat to the viability of the state. In both countries, the gang has achieved new levels of power and sophistication, via increased revenues from its control of multiple steps in the cocaine supply chain. Now, the MS 13 is not solely involved in transporting cocaine; it also unloads shipments arriving by air from Venezuela and in Honduras runs laboratories that transform coca paste - mostly from Colombia - to hydrochloric acid (HCl). [...] In order to successfully meet this challenge from the next generation MS 13, the United States and its limited number of reliable allies in the region must adopt a new and different strategy that treats the organization as a fully functional transnational organized crime (TOC) group with increasingly strong political components."
William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies
Farah, Douglas; Babineau, Kathryn
2018-03
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Energy Reorganization Act of 1973, Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, Ninety-third Congress, First Session, November 27, 28, and 29, 1973
These are the November 27, 28, and 29, 1973 hearings on the "Energy Reorganization Act of 1973" before the U.S. House Subcommittee on Legislation and Military Operations of the Committee on Government Operations. From the Opening Statement of Chet Holifield: "The hearings this week by the Subcommittee on Legislation and Military Operations are directed to H.R. 11510, a bill to reorganize
and consolidate major energy research and development functions in the Federal Government." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Harold M. Agnew, Roy L. Ash, Carl E. Bagge, Lawrence Coughlin, Floyd L. Culler, S. David Freeman, Shearon Harris, Chet Holifield, John A. Love, Mike McCormack, John Partridge, Robert D. Partridge, James T. Ramey, Dixy Lee Ray, Ann Roosevelt, Robert G. Sachs, John W. Simpson, Chauncey Starr, John S. Steinhart, and John Whitaker.
United States. Government Publishing Office
1973
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Connecting the Dots of an Opaque Crime: Analyzing the Information-Sharing Framework and Practices of California's Human-Trafficking Task Forces
From the thesis Abstract: "This thesis explores existing frameworks and common challenges with information sharing among California's anti-human trafficking specialty units. This research aimed to contextualize current gaps and barriers in the collection and dissemination process of sensitive and confidential human-trafficking information. The research identified social, economic, and human interpersonal factors affecting group work and illustrated how a nuanced application of the social identity analytical method might decrease interpersonal misunderstandings and miscommunications, thus increasing the volume and quantity of anti-trafficking information sharing. The findings of this research indicate that when anti-trafficking specialty units do not work together seamlessly, they foster programmatic and societal shadows that traffickers rely on to exploit their victims. Gaining an in-depth perspective on working group members' social identities will increase trust within the groups, thereby promoting cooperation, coordination, and collaboration. Elevating all forms of group work is likely to spur analytical insights into the evolving tactics, techniques, and procedures of the threat actors, not to mention identify previously unrecognized victims while building more successful prosecutions."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Greer, Benjamin Thomas
2022-03
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Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing in Oceania
From the thesis Abstract: "Illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing (IUUF) is a prevalent issue in Oceania, a vital region to the United States from a military, economic, and diplomatic perspective. IUUF activity is threatening to erode U.S. influence and poses significant homeland defense and security challenges. This thesis addresses the question of how the United States and its partnering nations can better address the IUUF threat in Oceania. A variety of academic research, journal articles, scientific studies, laws and treaties, domestic and international government documents, and non-government reports were analyzed to answer this question. The analysis explored counter-IUUF mitigation efforts underway in Oceania and, in doing so, outlined the region's counter-IUUF strategy. A six-step strategic analysis tool was applied to evaluate Oceania's counter-IUUF strategy and identify actions that the United States and its partnering nations can take to strengthen its effectiveness."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Leahey, Mark
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Conflicts and Common Ground: The Fiscal Relationship Between FEMA, States, and Local Governments
From the thesis Abstract: "All communities need to know what to do during an emergency. Developed with the help of federal grant dollars, emergency management programs have advanced public safety capabilities throughout the country, across federal, state, and local boundaries. However, the disparity in state-level funding contributions is concerning given the critical role of emergency management in helping communities during emergencies and disasters. How should emergency management be funded at the state level? This thesis examines the fiscal relationship between federal, state, and local governments to help advance the discussion about how emergency management should be funded at the state level. After analyzing the research materials and supporting documentation, the review presents alternative perspectives from each level of government to demonstrate the potential outcomes and conflicting trade-offs. An assessment of the research led to suggestions on how to balance the alternative perspectives, which appear to compete in some respects but also share some common ground. The final evaluation includes recommendations for states determined to be potentially vulnerable based on the results of the data analysis, which show that some states invest much more than their federal funding allocation while others spend considerably less, thus relying heavily on federal funds. It concludes with a summary of the purpose for this research and its importance in the emergency management enterprise."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Luna, Justin
2022-03
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Social Media Use in the Venezuelan Defense and Security Sectors: Testing and Refining a Conceptual Framework
From the Introduction: "The global crisis produced by and the responses to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic continue to highlight the importance of modern information technologies and messaging to the general public. Central to both the tools and the content is the generation of trust in message and messenger. Social media tools and usage are vital to both national security and public health in such contexts. Defense and security institutions are a key component of these frameworks whether the task at hand be communicating restrictions to mobility, receiving information from localities about shortages in supplies in order to respond with logistic capabilities or countering false information or propaganda disseminated by adversaries to sow disorder in already challenging environments. This exploratory research begins with an overview of social media usage and norms in the defense and security sectors drawing on an existing typology previously developed for general governmental purposes that categorizes social media use in four basic categories: push, pull, collaboration and self-presentation. It then takes this framework and applies it to the specific case of the defense and security sectors of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela."
William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies
Godnick, William, 1970-; Guenni, David
2020-04
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Great Power Competition and Counternarcotics in the Western Hemisphere
From the Introduction: "The nexus between illicit drug economies and great power competition is a critical, yet understudied, dimension of counternarcotics. If policy experts and academics understood how great power competition intersects with illicit drug economies, then counternarcotics experts would have yet another incisive theoretical lens through which to understand drug flows. This paper contends that China is unwilling to crack down on chemical precursor flows that feed the Western Hemisphere's synthetic drug trade due to its broader geopolitical imperatives, which are shaped by great power competition. Chinese pharmaceutical and chemical producers are taking advantage of un-checked drug demand in the United States by selling chemical precursors to Mexican drug trafficking organizations that manufacture and smuggle synthetic drugs across the U.S.-Mexico border. Their involvement in the Western Hemisphere drug trade has expanded the market for synthetic drugs and has destabilized Mexico's criminal landscape. The Chinese government's response to the export of massive quantities of illegal drugs and precursor chemicals is largely driven by external pressure and characterized by a lack of credible commitment to reduce the flow of illegal drugs and precursor chemicals."
William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies
Gilroy, Chloe
2020-09
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Human Trafficking Trends in the Western Hemisphere
From the Executive Summary: "We see evidence of domestic and foreign sex and labor trafficking victims in Western Hemisphere countries. Some key trafficking trends across the region include: an increase in Venezuelan victims and concerns with other vulnerable migrants, internally displaced persons, indigenous peoples, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) populations. There are also special challenges of child domestic servitude in Haiti ('restavek') and Paraguay ('criadazgo'), and increased risk of trafficking in border areas (e.g., Central American countries; the southern and northern borders of Mexico; the Dominican Republic/Haiti border; the tri-border area between Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay; the Darién Gap between the Panamanian and Colombian borders; and migrants along Peru's southern border) due to lack of regulatory and security gaps and insufficient transnational cooperation. Illegal armed groups are involved in the trafficking of children in the Andean Republics. Over the past five years, more cases of forced labor and forced criminality, as well as child sex trafficking in resort and tourist areas by U.S. and European perpetrators have been reported in the Western Hemisphere. Traffickers are using social media recruitment and multiple-destinations across the region to move victims; there remain continuing problems with complicity of government officials."
William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies
Ellision, Mary C.; Vogel, Kathleen M., 1970-
2020-06
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Strategic Communication in Domestic Disasters: The Military and the Media in an Intergovernmental Environment, v. 08-06, August 2006
"The United States Army War College's Center for Strategic Leadership, in conjunction with the National Guard Bureau and the United States Army Reserve, conducted a symposium from 11-12 July 2006 entitled Improving the Military's Domestic Crisis Response -- Leveraging the Reserves. Building on insights discovered through After Action Reviews of the military's response to Hurricane Katrina, the forum examined areas critical to any future domestic response and identified and leveraged specifically applicable capabilities available throughout those components essential to domestic response. The event took place at the U.S. Army War College's Center for Strategic Leadership, Carlisle Barracks Pennsylvania. The symposium brought together leaders from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) including the U.S. Coast Guard and the Federal Emergency Management Administration (FEMA), the Department of Defense (DOD), United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM), the military service's active and reserve components, and other homeland security stakeholders from both the public and civil sectors. The format of the symposium provided both plenary panel reports and breakout work groups that focused on specific strategic issues regarding Defense Support to Civil Authorities (DSCA). One of those breakout groups specifically considered recommendations to best enable the military to more effectively and efficiently perform its mission in response to an Incident of National Significance (INS) as part of the national response and recovery efforts, and instill public confidence through Strategic Communication. This report reflects the consensus effort of that breakout group in addressing this challenging and important issue."
Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
Kerr, Carol; Murphy, Dennis M.
2006-08
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Information Operations and Winning the Peace: Wielding the Information Element of Power in the Global War on Terrorism, v. 14-05, December 2005
This issue paper summarizes a U.S. Army War College workshop addressing the effects of information operations (IO) on counterinsurgencies (COIN) in the Global War on Terror (GWOT). "The workshop's objective was to define and analyze how IO influences both adversaries and internal and external actors in order to better contribute to a positive end state. Participants used the case study [of the second Israeli / Palestinian intifada] to drive critical discussions of the interplay between the tactical, operational, and strategic dimensions of IO in a complex conflict / stability and reconstruction environment." Plenary sessions focused on "tactical (Israeli Defense Forces incursion into Jenin), operational (Israel's Operation Defensive Shield), and strategic (Israeli withdrawal from Gaza) scenarios." Breakout groups then delved into four topical areas: tactical means / strategic ends, boundaries between military and political responsibility, definitions and categories of enemies who "provide goods and services to the general population whom you wish to influence," and operating environment and wild cards. The workshop included a discussion on the definition of "counterinsurgency" and "information operations." The document also provides recommendations for counterinsurgency planning that take into account cultural awareness.
Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
Murphy, Dennis M.
2005-12
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Combatting Targeted Disinformation Campaigns: A Whole-Of-Society Issue
From the Disinformation Overview: "[T]he purpose of disinformation is to mislead. disinformation is information created and distributed with the express purpose of causing harm. [...] A targeted disinformation campaign, in the context of this paper, is more insidious than simply telling lies on the internet. One untrue meme or contrived story may be a single thread in a broader operation seeking to influence a target population through methods that violate democratic values, social norms and, in some jurisdictions, the law. [...] Targeted disinformation campaigns are not a new phenomenon and sophisticated ones follow a predictable progression. after establishing the objective, a threat actor follow distinct steps, discussed later in more detail: recon, build, seed, copy, amplify, and control to bring about an outcome."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
Public-Private Analytic Exchange Program (U.S.)
2019-10
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Developing a Diplomatic Corps That is Second-to-None: The Army War College Partners to Develop Tomorrow's Diplomats, v. 8-11, May 2011
This paper highlights the current NSS [National Security Strategy] and its emphasis on U.S. foreign policy and the ability to practice both "hard and soft power" in regard to U.S. engagement options. It also explains that the military remains the "cornerstone" of U.S. national security, but should be one of several tools at the U.S. disposal. This article argues that the U.S. should use a wide range of tools, which is refereed to as "smart power" in our NSS. "Smart power" refers to tools such as "diplomatic, economic, military, political, legal, and cultural." Additionally, this paper covers several key topics underscoring the Army War College and its role in developing "tomorrow's diplomats." These topics include the following: "The International Strategic Crisis Negotiation Exercise; Partnerships to Achieve Common Educational Goals; and Developing New Partnerships and the Way Ahead."
Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
White, Samuel R., Jr.
2011-05
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Consequence Management Symposium (August 21-23, 2001)
During a 21-23 August 2001 symposium a group of 80 subject matter experts examined the evolving policy and infrastructure surrounding Consequence Management. Participants concentrated on interagency and intergovernmental issues within this national challenge.
Army War College (U.S.). Center for Strategic Leadership
Reynolds, Jeffrey C.; Tussing, Bert B.
2001-09
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Day After: The Army in a Post-Conflict Iraq
"The world's geostrategic environment, dramatically influenced by terrorism, continues to undergo change marked by a wide array of economic, technical, societal, religious, cultural, and physical challenges. Nowhere is this more apparent than in recent calls by the United States for regime change in Iraq. And assuming a regime change does occur, forced by ground combat in a "coalition of the willing" led by the U.S., the most challenging and important phase of the operation may not be the actual combat, but the post-conflict requirements that follow. Determining the role of the Army "the day after" and beyond in Iraq is critical to understanding the ability of the United States to continue the Global War on Terror while preparing for other unforeseen future contingencies. This issue paper summarizes the results of several post-conflict requirements symposia sponsored by the U.S. Army War College's Center for Strategic Leadership over a period of three years and considers these results in light of the Army's Title 10 responsibilities in post-conflict Iraq. In particular, it provides an outline of the general resource requirements for the major subordinate commands (MACOMs) of the Army who are responsible for planning and executing these responsibilities. Additionally, it considers the impact of other ongoing operations and plausible future operations that may drive risk management decisions by the MACOMs as they plan and execute tasks required by the strategic environment in Iraq and the region."
Army War College (U.S.). Center for Strategic Leadership
Hesse, Bob; Turner, Curtis; Murphy, Dennis M.
2002-12
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Struggle Against Extremist Ideology: Addressing the Conditions that Foster Terrorism
"To be successful, the United States combating terrorism policy must include the synchronized use of defense, diplomacy and development to address the multiple elements of a combating terrorism strategy. This includes the underlying conditions that terrorists seek to exploit to undermine the legitimacy of governments and facilitate terrorist recruiting campaigns. As valuable as the attack and disrupt mission may be, it fails to help at risk countries establish conditions that counter ideological support to terrorism and promote regional stability. This book examines the strategies, interagency process and regional approaches of the United States combating terrorism effort, emphasizes the importance of addressing the underlying conditions in supporting mainstream Muslim efforts to reject violent extremism, and makes policy recommendations to improve this effort."
Army War College (U.S.). Center for Strategic Leadership
Reynolds, Jeffrey C.; Butts, Kent Hughes
2005-08
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Central American Environmental Defense Program in the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor
"One of the greatest conservation efforts ever undertaken on a worldwide level is the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor. Crossing eight national borders this program aims to protect existing ecosystems, while at the same time promoting sustainable development projects that help to alleviate poverty in the region. Famous for both its biological wealth and its vulnerability to natural disasters, Mesoamerica is comprised of Mexico's five southernmost states and the seven Central American countries, and constitutes one of the most dynamic biological corridors' in the world. However, the continuous depletion of its natural environment, serious competition for scarce resources, and complex conflicts over harmonious use of nature are major concerns that greatly affect the current and future economic well being of the region. The existing environmental deterioration in the Mesoamerican region is due largely to the poverty affecting over 60 percent of the population combined with destructive conventional production systems that adversely affect many important ecosystems."
Army War College (U.S.). Center for Strategic Leadership
Griffard, Bernie; Bradshaw, Art; Butts, Kent Hughes
2002-06
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Special Panel Review of Excited Delirium
"This report constitutes the proceedings of a meeting of a special panel convened by the Weapons and Protective Systems Technologies Center (WPSTC) to examine the subject of Excited Delirium Syndrome (ExDS) and the interventions being cooperatively developed by the law enforcement and medical communities. The purpose of the meeting was to examine the phenomenon of 'excited delirium' and its association with the use-of-force in general and the use of CEDs [conductive energy devices] in particular. Additionally, the panel was to review, discuss, and examine related medical and other first responder protocols. The immediate objectives of the meeting were to (1) assess the current body of knowledge regard in excited delirium, (2) determine whether or not existing protocols appear to mitigate the phenomenon, and (3) identify the research questions that might remain. The long-range goal for the panel is to arrive at some consensus on a set of interventions that ideally (1) would reduce the likelihood of sudden and unexpected incustody deaths and (2) would not be harmful in any case, as well as to (3) identify and qualify [characterize] the associated risks."
Pennsylvania State University. Institute for Non-Lethal Defense Technologies; National Institute of Justice (U.S.)
Hughes, Edward L.
2011-12
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Partnering for Environmental Security Cooperation in Central Asia and the Caspian Basin
This is a report of the April 2002 USCENTCOM conference on Environmental Security in Central Asia and the Caspian Basin. The conference brought together senior military and civilian leaders from Central Asia and the Caspian Basin states, international academics, government and military subject matter experts, and non-governmental organizations to examine critical environmental issues that affect the security of the region. This conference focused on promoting multilateral cooperation on environmental security issues and disaster relief planning.
Army War College (U.S.)
Reynolds, Jeffrey C.
2002-04
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Military's Role in Addressing the Underlying Conditions of Terrorism
"The Department of Defense's (DOD) review of the United States (U.S.) capability and capacity for combating terrorism (CT) has identified significant gaps and areas for improvement. One of these critical areas is the need to effectively Counter Ideological Support to Terrorism (CIST) and address the underlying conditions that terrorists seek to exploit. In an effort to bring interagency focus to this important CT element, the U.S. Army War College (USAWC), in collaboration with the National Intelligence Council (NIC), the U.S. Pacific Command (USPACOM), and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) conducted a conference at the Army War College in June 2005 that examined its critical elements. This first of a series of CIST conferences led to the Army War College book, 'The Struggle Against Extremist Ideology: Addressing the Conditions That Foster Terrorism.' The second conference in the series, 'The Military's Role in Addressing the Underlying Conditions of Terrorism,' was a Joint Staff conference co-sponsored by the USPACOM [United States Pacific Command], the Asia Pacific Center for Security Studies (APCSS), and the Center for Strategic Leadership (CSL) of the U.S. Army War College."
Army War College (U.S.). Center for Strategic Leadership
Butts, Kent Hughes; Bradshaw, Art; Klapikis, Terry
2006-06
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Network Centric Warfare Case Study Volume II: Command, Control, Communications and Computer Architectures
From the Foreword: "This volume builds upon the results of a study of Network Centric Warfare entitled 'Network Centric Warfare Case Study, Volume I: Operations, U.S. V Corps and 3rd Infantry Division (Mechanized) during Operation Iraqi Freedom Combat Operations (March-April 2003).' During the past decade, the United States Armed Forces have been in the process of transforming from an Industrial Age to an Information Age military. Although this transformation is a long way from being completed, the maneuver phase of Operation Iraqi Freedom demonstrated the emerging power and potential of information-networked forces."
Army War College (U.S.). Center for Strategic Leadership
Cogan, Kevin J.; DeLucio, Raymond G.
2010-05-12?
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Contagion and Stability
From the Purpose: "The Contagion and Stability Game provided a forum for discussing the military, economic, informational, political, and medical aspects of contagion in an environmentally stressed region of the less-developed world - South Asia. Conference planners developed a scenario set in contemporary India that incorporated natural disaster, the growing local population and the concur rent presence of HIV/AIDS, cholera and plague. Ensuing negotiations clarified environment, health, and population issues that are central to the stability of the region and of priority interest to the United States, regional states, international organizations, and the non-governmental organizations (NGO) community."
Army War College (U.S.). Center for Strategic Leadership
Reynolds, Jeffrey C.; Butts, Kent Hughes
2001-05
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Metering Update: August 2019
From the Introduction: "In the summer of 2018, CBP [U.S. Customs and Border Protection] officers began to be stationed at the United States' international boundary with Mexico to inform arriving asylum seekers that U.S. ports of entry were full and that they needed to wait their turn in Mexico. Simultaneously, these CBP officials accepted limited numbers of asylum seekers a day--in a process known as metering--often communicating directly with Mexican officials regarding these numbers. As lines of asylum seekers grew longer in border cities, Mexican authorities and civil society groups responded by providing humanitarian assistance and creating informal waitlists. [...] [S]ince May 2019, asylum seekers have continued to arrive at the U.S.-Mexico border, Mexican responses have evolved, and U.S. policy has continued to shift. [...] Over the past three months, the Trump administration has taken additional steps to curb migration and the number of asylum seekers arriving at the border. On July 15, the Trump administration created a new 'interim rule' to bar asylum seekers who pass through any country before arriving to the United States. Less than two weeks later, this latest policy was blocked by a California court. [...] This August metering update estimates that there are currently around 26,000 asylum seekers on waitlists or waiting to get on these waitlists in 12 Mexican border cities. This is an increase of 40 percent since May 2019, with the biggest increases in the number of asylum seekers occurring in Tijuana, Reynosa, and Ciudad Juárez."
University of Texas at Austin. Robert S. Strauss Center for International Security and Law; University of California, San Diego. Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies
Leutert, Stephanie; Arvey, Savitri; Ezzell, Ellie
2019-08
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Metering Update: May 2020
From the Introduction: "Since April 2018, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officials have been stationed at the United States' international boundary with Mexico and have informed arriving asylum seekers that U.S. ports of entry are full. Simultaneously, CBP officials also began accepting limited numbers of asylum seekers each day, in a process that is known as metering. As lines of asylum seekers grew longer in border cities, Mexican authorities and civil society groups responded by providing humanitarian assistance and creating informal waitlists. On March 20, 2020, CBP stopped processing asylum seekers at ports of entry, due to the spread of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. At this time, CBP announced that it would 'only be processing individuals for essential travel' [hyperlink] at U.S. ports of entry, and did not include processing asylum seekers in its list of essential travel activities. This announcement has been repeatedly extended, with the current update noting that CBP's changes would 'remain in place until June 22, 2020' [hyperlink]. This report by the Robert S. Strauss Center at The University of Texas at Austin and the Center for U.S.- Mexican Studies (USMEX) at the University of California San Diego provides an update on metering along the U.S.-Mexico border amid CBP's suspension. It covers how the shutdown has affected metering lists and asylum seekers along the border, and how migrant shelters have responded to the spread of COVID-19."
University of Texas at Austin. Robert S. Strauss Center for International Security and Law; University of California, San Diego. Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies
Leutert, Stephanie; Arvey, Savitri; Ezzell, Ellie . . .
2020-05
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Metering Update: February 2020
From the Introduction: "In April 2018, Customs and Border Protection (CBP) issued guidance to its officers, which noted that they could be stationed at the United States' international boundary with Mexico and inform arriving asylum seekers that U.S. ports of entry were full. Arriving asylum seekers were not allowed to cross into the United States and were instead forced to wait in Mexico. Simultaneously, CBP officials accepted limited numbers of asylum seekers a day--in a process that is known as metering--often communicating directly with Mexican officials regarding these numbers. As lines of asylum seekers grew longer in border cities, Mexican authorities and civil society groups responded by providing humanitarian assistance and creating informal waitlists. In December 2018, the Robert Strauss Center at the University of Texas at Austin, the Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies (USMEX) at the University of California San Diego, and the Migration Policy Centre published a report [hyperlink] documenting these practices. This report highlighted how metering had spread across the U.S.-Mexico border and described the waitlist systems in eight border cities. It found that, in December 2018, 6,000 asylum seekers were waiting along the border in Mexico and that the waitlist process varied in each Mexican border city. Since the report's publication, there have been changes in every border community. [...] This February 2020 metering update estimates that there are currently around 15,000 asylum seekers on waitlists in 11 Mexican border cities."
University of Texas at Austin. Robert S. Strauss Center for International Security and Law; University of California, San Diego. Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies
Arvey, Savitri; Leutert, Stephanie; Ezzell, Ellie
2020-02
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Metering Update: May 2019
From the Introduction: "In the summer of 2018, CBP [U.S. Customs and Border Protection] officers began to be stationed at the United States' international boundary with Mexico to tell arriving asylum seekers that U.S. ports of entry were full and that they needed to wait their turn in Mexico. Simultaneously, these CBP officials accepted limited numbers of asylum seekers a day--in a process known as metering--often communicating directly with Mexican officials regarding these numbers. As lines of asylum seekers grew in border cities, Mexican authorities and civil society groups responded by providing humanitarian assistance and creating informal waitlists. [...] This update estimates that there are currently more than 18,700 asylum seekers on waitlists in Mexican border cities or waiting to get on these waitlists. This is an increase from the 6,000 that were documented in November 2018, after a Honduran migrant caravan arrived in Tijuana, Baja California, and the 5,000 in February 2019, after another Honduran migrant caravan arrived in Piedras Negras, Coahuila."
University of Texas at Austin. Robert S. Strauss Center for International Security and Law; University of California, San Diego. Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies
Leutert, Stephanie; Arvey, Savitri; Ezzell, Ellie
2019-05
