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U.S. Coast Guard's National Security Role in the Twenty-First Century
"This report addresses the Coast Guard's National security role in the next century by interviewing current and former policy & decision makers involved in the maritime aspects of national security. The report attempts to define the relationship between the Navy and the Coast Guard in the Post Cold War era when the requirements for the Coast Guard to act as Commanders of Maritime Defense Zones (MDZs) and to provide ASW capable cutters has been dramatically lessened. The author suggests the definition of national security needs to expand and that the Coast Guard provide increased support for US CINCS especially in security assistance and low order crisis response. The role of the US Coast Guard as the force manager/force provider for coastal patrol boats is also studied. The need for a viable national defense role for the Coast Guard is examined and the implications of a lack of a well-defined, needed role assessed."
Naval War College (U.S.). Center for Naval Warfare Studies
Stubbs, Bruce B.
1992-09-01
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Monitoring Limits on Sea-Launched Cruise Missiles
Beginning with a hypothetical arms control regime for nuclear SLCMs, this Report examines in detail ways in which compliance with such a regime might be monitored. Surveying the life-cycle of SLCMs from development testing through deployment and storage, the assessment identifies the 'indicators' by which the missiles might be tracked and accounted for. It also assesses the paths of evasion that a determined cheater might take to avoid the proposed monitoring measures.
United States. Government Printing Office
United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment
1992-09
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Legal Authority of the Department of the Treasury to Issue Regulations Indexing Capital Gains for Inflation: Memorandum Opinion for the General Counsel, Department of the Treasury [September 1, 1992]
"You have asked for our opinion whether the Department of the Treasury ('Treasury') has legal authority to amend its regulations to index capital gains for inflation. In connection with that request, you have provided us with your legal opinion concluding that Treasury does not have such authority. Opinion of the General Counsel (Aug. 28, 1992) ('Treasury Memorandum') In reaching that conclusion, you consider in detail, and specifically reject, arguments presented by the National Chamber Foundation in the form of a legal memorandum prepared by its private counsel, which concludes that Treasury has such legal authority. See Memorandum for Dr. Lawrence A. Hunter, Executive Vice President, National Chamber Foundation, by Charles J. Cooper, et al. (Aug. 17, 1992) ('NCF Memorandum'). We have carefully reviewed the arguments set forth in the Treasury Memorandum and the NCF Memorandum. As a result of that review, and of our own research and analysis, we are compelled to agree with Treasury's legal conclusion that Treasury does not have legal authority to index capital gains for inflation by means of regulation."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1992-09-01
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From the Sea - Preparing the Naval Service for the 21st Century
"From the Sea is a Navy and Marine Corps White Paper. It defines a combined vision tor the Navy and Marine Corps. The Navy Policy Book and the Marine Corps' Master Plan describe internal policy issues and serve to complement the task of articulating the shape and size of our service for the next century."
United States. Department of the Navy
1992-09-01
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Oil Spill Case Histories, 1967-1991: Summaries of Significant U.S. and International Spills
"The National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (40 CFR Part 300), referred to subsequently as 'The National Contingency Plan' (NCP), is the principal Federal mechanism for operations pertaining to the identification, containment, and cleanup of releases of oil and hazardous substances in the coastal United States. NOAA [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration] has the responsibility, under the NCP, to provide scientific support to the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) in planning for and responding to spill emergencies in the marine environment. Discussions between the USCG Research and Development Center and NOAA concluded that, by providing insights into past experiences, a database of oil spill case histories might be beneficial to the USCG, NOAA, and other agencies involved in spill response and contingency planning. These case histories, developed with significant funding and consultation from the USCG Research and Development Center, are intended as references to be read as planning aids for insights into scientific and operational decision-making, and to ensure that particular strategic elements are properly addressed in contingency planning. Although the files are configured for ready accessibility to details of particular spills, these case histories can be used for constructing hypothetical scenarios and for 'gaming' a spill, e.g., 'given the actual response to spill x, what would you do?' or 'what would you have done differently, and why?'"
United States. National Ocean Service. Office of Response and Restoration
1992-09
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Computer Security and Concepts and Issues in the Infomation Technology Management (370) Curriculum
"DoD [Department of Defense] has become increasingly dependent upon storing its sensitive information in electronic form and has a deep concern for the integrity and privacy of this valuable information. In the recent aftermath of numerous electronic break-ins, the DoD continues to express anxiety over technically weak system administrators' inability to protect sensitive electronic information. The solution to minimizing these electronic intrusions and bolstering computer security in DoD is to educate military officers and federal civilians in the methods of computer security. This can be accomplished by integrating concepts and problem solving techniques related to computer security into the Information Technology Management (370) Curriculum at the Naval Postgraduate School."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Vaughn, Reginald Wayne
1992-09
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Material Selection Guide Derived from Material - Chemical Compatibility Database: Feasibility Based on Database and Predictive Model Evaluation
"The identification and selection of materials survivable in an NBC environment is an important consideration throughout the Department of Defense. The U.S. Army Chemical Research, Development and Engineering Center was asked by other services to evaluate the feasibility of compiling a list of materials that are survivable in a CB environment and compatible with current decontamination substances. The feasible characteristics of a candidate NBCCS Materials Guide are discussed herein. Thermodynamic predictive methodologies evaluated in the studies included approaches on polymer solubility phase diagrams, equation-of- state, and universal group contribution activity coefficient estimates. The studies required to generate the guide and the resources required are estimated. The evaluation concluded that a limited but potentially useful NBCCS Materials Guide appears to be feasible."
Chemical Research, Development & Engineering Center (U.S.)
McNeely, James J.; Shuely, Wendel J.
1992-09
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Introduction to Survivable Crisis Management
"The Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA's) goal is a nationwide network of statewide SCM [Survivable Crisis Management] capabilities, all compatible with each other and with those of the Federal Government. To this end, FEMA is pursuing the SCM Initiative with interested States and Territories to encourage and assist them in developing comprehensive SCM plans in which they: Assess the risks and threats to their State or Territory, Define the required SCM capabilities, Assess the existing capabilities in light of requirements, Identify deficiencies, Develop a plan to correct deficiencies and achieve the required capabilities, Develop contingency plans to deal with deficiencies until they are corrected, Work with FEMA to obtain technical support and Federal civil defense funding assistance. The SCM initiative makes achievement of statewide SCM capabilities in each of the 50 States and Territories meet their SCM requirements. Each State and Territory must manage the consequences of emergencies regardless of their cause. Therefore, each must identify and develop a basic SCM infrastructure that will meet the needs and threats of that State or Territory. This document explains: what SCM is, why SCM is important, how to achieve SCM capabilities."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
1992-09
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Nuclear Accidents in the Former Soviet Union: Kyshtym, Chelyabinsk and Chernobyl
"Three nuclear accidents besides Chernobyl have occurred in the Former Soviet Union (FSU). The accidents occurred over the geographic area around Kyshtym and Chelyabinsk in the Urals between 1949 and 1967 and contaminated over half a million people. The first accident occurred in 1949-1951, the second on 29 September 1957, and the third in 1967, and involved the air transfer of irradiated sand particles. Although these accidents occurred between 25 and 43 years ago, the first official admission by the FSU was made in June 1989, and it was only during late November 1991 that the FSU declared a national disaster emergency concerning the affected area. The health ministries are now interested in data previously collected from these irradiated populations to examine health effects, including cancer, and genetic damage in humans. Data collected from these large populations and occupationally exposed workers offer a unique opportunity to quantify the adverse health effects of chronic exposure to fission products, reactor neutrons and enviromental [sic] chemicals."
United States. Defense Nuclear Agency
Collins, Daniel L.
1992-08-24
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Whether a State May Elect Its United States Senators from Single-Member Districts Rather than At-Large: Memorandum Opinion for the Assistant Attorney General, Civil Rights Division [August 20, 1992]
"The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Inc., ('NAACP') has filed suit challenging the method by which Mississippi selects its Senators. The NAACP claims that Mississippi has violated the Voting Rights Act of 1965, as amended, 42 U.S.C. §§ 1971-1974e, and the 14th and 15th Amendments to the Constitution, by electing its Senators at-large, rather than from two single-member districts. You have asked for our views on the issue of whether a State constitutionally may elect its Senators from single-member districts, rather than at-large. We conclude that it may not. The analysis begins with the text of the Seventeenth Amendment, which provides that '[t]he Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof.' U.S. Const. amend. 17. Because States of the Union are distinct, unitary political entities, in order for a Senator to be from a State he or she must be from the entire State, not some part of it. Similarly, because of the nature of the States, election by 'the people' of the State implies election by the whole people of the State, not some smaller set of citizens. The election of Senators from smaller districts instead of the entire State would result in Senators elected by only a part of the people of a State. Such a plan would be inconsistent with the Constitution's text."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1992-08-20
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Lexington-Blue Grass Direction and Control Exercise Report
"The Lexington-Blue Grass Direction and Control Exercise (DCX), conducted on 19 August 1992 was the second exercise in a series of exercises designed, conducted, and evaluated under the auspices of the Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program (CSEPP) for the Lexington-Blue Grass Army Depot (LBAD) and the State and surrounding counties. These jurisdictions included the Commonwealth of Kentucky and Madison, Clark, Estill, Fayette, Garrard, Jackson, Powell, and Rockcastle Counties. The first CSEPP exercise for these jurisdictions was a self-evaluated Tabletop Exercise (IX) conducted on 14 April 1992. The requirement for conducting a CSEPP exercise is established in the August 1988 Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the Army and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Specific guidance and objectives used for this DCX were contained in the CSEPP Exercise Program Document, Volumes I, II, and III, dated 14 February 1992, 9 January 1992, and 14 February 1992, respectively. All jurisdictions participating in the exercise also were represented during the exercise planning phase."
Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program
1992-08-19
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Enforcement Jurisdiction of the Special Counsel for Immigration Related Unfair Employment Practices: Memorandum Opinion for the General Counsel, Department of the Navy [August 17, 1992]
"This memorandum responds to your request that we reconsider our opinion of May 2, 1990, in which we concluded that the Antidiscrimination Provision of the Immigration Reform and Control Act, 8 U.S.C. § 1324b(a)(1), authorizes the Special Counsel for Immigration Related Unfair Employment Practices to investigate and prosecute charges of employment discrimination by federal agencies. After evaluating your request for reconsideration and the response of the Special Counsel, we conclude that the federal government is not a 'person or other entity' covered by the Antidiscrimination Provision. We withdraw our earlier opinion."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1992-08-17
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National Security Directive 72: Nuclear Weapons Deployment Authorization for FY 1992 and FY 1993
In this Directive, President H.W. Bush authorizes the Secretary of Defense "to deploy nuclear weapons during FY 1992 and FY 1993 as indicated in Tables 1 and 2, subject to future policy and programming decisions. Deployment figures are end-fiscal year levels and are to be achieved in an orderly manner consistent with operational requirements."
United States. White House Office
1992-08-03
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Food Safety and Quality: FDA Strategy Needed to Address Animal Drug Residues in Milk, Report to the Chairman, Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee, Committee on Government Opearations, House of Representatives
"The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), together with the states and the dairy industry, oversees the safety and purity of the nation's milk supply. Over the last several years, a number of federal and private reports, including GAO's [General Accounting Office], have raised questions about the amount of animal drug residues in milk. Concerned about milk safety, the Chairman, Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee, House Committee on Government Operations, asked GAO to review federal and state efforts to test for and control animal drug residues in milk."
United States. General Accounting Office
1992-08
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Report with Recommendation Concerning State Approved Certification and Mandatory Standards of Training for Police Working Dogs
"This research will assist the State of Texas and law enforcement agencies in establishing working regulations, standards of training, and specifications for police working dogs, their handlers, and trainers. As a result of this research, the civil liability and misuse of the police working dog could be reduced to a minimum with-in the State of Texas. The state approved certification and mandatory training would provide better education resulting in more effective performance. Also, this would provide the recognition and high standards of training and certification that our law enforcement officers enjoy today."
Law Enforcement Management Institute of Texas
Davey, David A.
1992-08
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Health Evaluation Report 90-168-2248; Independence Police Department, Indoor Range Independence, Missouri
"On February 14, 1990, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received a request from a management representative of the Independence, Missouri, Police Department Headquarters for a Health Hazard Evaluation. The Police Department requested NIOSH to evaluate the effectiveness of a newly redesigned air handling system installed inside their indoor firing range."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Rinehart, Richard D.; Almaguer, Daniel; Klein, Matthew K. . . .
1992-08
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Toward a Federal Infrastructure Strategy: Issues and Options
Toward a Federal Infrastructure Strategy documents the progress of an interagency initiative to develop a federal infrastructure strategy through a partnership including the Department of the Army, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Department of Energy, other federal agencies, state and local governments, and the private sector. Emphasis was placed on planning, design, finance, construction, operation, and maintenance. The Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations convened a series of workshops for representatives from more than 25 congressional and other federal agencies and departments, and more than 70 organizations representing state and local governments, public works providers, and related research, advocacy, professional, and user groups. The year-long consultations were guided by a federal interagency work group. The participants concluded the project with a call for federal agencies to pursue new opportunities for action on infrastructure improvements together with state and local governments and the private sector.
United States. Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations
1992-08
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Guidelines for Selecting Preferred Highway Routes for Highway Route Controlled Quantity Shipments of Radioactive Materials
"This document presents guidelines for use by State officials in selecting preferred routes for highway route controlled quantity shipments of radioactive materials. A methodology for analyzing and comparing safety factors of alternative routes is described. Technical information on the impacts of radioactive material transportation needed to apply the methodology is also presented. Application of this methodology will identify the route (or set of routes) that minimizes the radiological impacts from shipments of these radioactive materials within a given State. Emphasis in this document is on practical application of the methodology."
United States. Department of Transportation
1992-08
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Analysis Report on Firefighter Fatalities [1991]
"The purpose of this study is to analyze the circumstances surrounding firefighter fatalities in the United States in 1991 in an attempt to identify potential means for reducing the number of deaths that occur each year. In addition to the 1991 findings, this study will also include special analyses of particular recurring scenarios, using NFPA's [National Fire Protection Association] data base of fire fighter fatalities from 1982 through 1991."
United States Fire Administration
National Fire Protection Association. Fire Analysis and Research Division
1992-08
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Martin C. Faga, Director, National Reconnaissance Office, Memorandum for Secretary of Defense, Director of Central Intelligence, Regarding Changing the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) to an Overt Organization
"This is the memo that NRO director Faga actually signed to the Secretary of Defense and Director of Central Intelligence. In it, Faga notes the recommendation of the Fuhrman panel as well as the view of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence in favor of declassification. Faga also provides his recommendations concerning changing the NRO to overt status. While some of his recommendations (a.-c., e., g.) were accepted, others (d., f, primarily concerning SIGINT) were not. Attachment 2 concerns the implications of the proposed changes in ten different areas."
United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Directorate of Intelligence
1992-07-30
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Drug Control: Oversight Needed to Prevent Acquisition of Unnecessary Equipment
"Each of the three interdiction agencies identifies its own requirements and establishes its own acquisition plans for drug detection and monitoring equipment. There is no organization that routinely oversees and coordinates acquisitions to ensure that they (1) respond to valid requirements and (2) do not unnecessarily duplicate existing or planned equipment in the federal inventory. The National Guard's UC-26C aircraft program and the Coast Guard's EC-130V aircraft program illustrate the need for a clearinghouse organization. These agencies used counterdrug funds to acquire modified aircraft, but neither the National Guard nor the Coast Guard has a validated counterdrug requirement for the aircraft. Interagency coordination has been a major focus of interdiction efforts, but the emphasis to date has been on coordinating operations, not acquisitions. The Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) has processes to oversee budget requests and coordinate operations of the interdiction agencies. However, a similar process has not been established to routinely oversee and coordinate acquisition of detection and monitoring equipment."
United States. General Accounting Office
1992-07-30
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Advisory Circular: Water Supply Systems for Aircraft Fire and Rescue Protection
"This Advisory Circular (AC) provides guidance for the selection of a water source and standards for the design of a distribution system to support aircraft rescue and fire fighting (ARFF) service operations on airports."
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
1992-07-29
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Russian Nuclear Weapons: U.S. Implementation of the Soviet Nuclear Threat Reduction Act of 1991, Statement for the Record by Frank C. Conahan, Assistant Comptroller General, National Security and International Affairs Division, Testimony before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate
"The Nuclear Threat Reduction Act of 1991--passed in response to the turmoil associated with the collapse of the Soviet Union--provided $400 million to transport, store, safeguard, and destroy Soviet nuclear and chemical weapons. Preventing the proliferation of such weapons was a key objective. GAO [General Accounting Office] found that a shortage of funds has not been a problem, although most of the $400 million has yet to be tied to specific projects. U.S. executive branch agencies have been engaging in an unprecedented dialogue with their Russian counterparts on how to handle the Soviet nuclear arsenal. They have negotiated several agreements to help protect Russian nuclear weapons in transit, assist Russia in responding to possible accidents involving these weapons, and provide containers for transporting and storing nuclear materials. These agreements are not, however, directly linked to accelerating dismantling Russian nuclear weapons. Russian officials have sought U.S. help in building a large facility for storing highly enriched weapons-grade uranium and plutonium from dismantled weapons. GAO believes that the Russian request raises many questions about both the facility and its role in the ultimate disposal of these materials in a way that minimizes the risk that they could be reused for weapons."
United States. General Accounting Office
1992-07-27
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National Security Directive 71: FY 1992-1997 Nuclear Weapons Stockpile Plan
In this Directive, President H.W. Bush approves "the Nuclear Weapons Stockpile Plan for the fiscal year 1992 through 1993, as presented in the attached Nuclear Weapons Stockpile Plan for FY 1992-FY 1997. The levels depicted for FY 1993 and beyond should be reviewed immediately, particularly in view of the further reductions in deployed strategic weapons agreed at my June 1992 meeting with President Yeltsin. Those levels may require adjustments, based on those recent arms control achievements, as well as on other changes in the international political environment, the U.S. and allied response to that evolving situation, and the capability of the nuclear weapons production complex."
United States. White House Office
1992-07-20
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Conventional Arms Transfers to the Third World, 1984-1991 [July 20, 1992]
"The major political transitions wrought by the end of the Cold War continued in 1991, resulting in a significant impact on the Third World arms marketplace. The disintegration of the Soviet Union contributed to a sharp fall in Soviet arms agreements, while the United States remained the leader in arms sales to the Third World. The U.N. embargo against Iraq dropped Baghdad from being one of the largest Third World arms purchasers, leading to intense competition among former suppliers for new arms deals elsewhere. Reductions in domestic defense spending in many nations became a matter of acute concern to their weapons exporting industries. Further, in the aftermath of the Persian Gulf war, a number of initiatives were launched to control destabilizing conventional arms transfers, especially to the Near East region. The value of all arms transfer agreements with the Third World in 1991 was $24.7 billion. This was by far the lowest yearly total, calculated in either nominal or real terms, for any of the years during the 1984-1991 period. The general decline in the value of new arms transfer agreements with the Third World seen in recent years was dramatically reversed in 1990 as the result of major new arms agreements related to the Gulf War. However, in 1991, the pattern of overall decline in the value of arms transfer agreements with the Third World resumed in an equally dramatic fashion."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Grimmett, Richard F.
1992-07-20
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Engineer Operations Short of War
FM 5-114 contains doctrine for the conduct of engineer operations short of war. These are operations conducted in peacetime or during conflict. The manual addresses the impact of political, informational and economic factors on military planning in these environments. It includes chapters relating to each category of operations short of war and addresses engineer specific missions within each category. The chapters outline planning considerations, coordination requirements, and key operational concepts. Where possible, regulatory constraints are explained; however, these constraints may change as new laws are passed. Appendices in this manual provide specific information on force protection, unit deployment considerations, the capabilities of selected engineer cellular teams, and the United States (US) Army Crops of Engineers (USACE).
United States. Department of the Army
1992-07-13
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National Security Directive 70: US Nonproliferation Policy
In this Directive, President H.W. Bush directs that "the spread if the capability to produce or acquire weapons of mass destruction and the means to deliver them constitutes a continuing threat to U.S. national security interests. We must seek to minimize and reverse the spread of these capabilities and to prevent the use of such weapons."
United States. White House Office
1992-07-10
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Emergency Incident Rehabilitation [1992]
"The United States Fire Administration (USFA), in an effort to reduce the incidence of
emergency responder injury and death, has developed this sample Emergency
Incident Rehabilitation Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). This SOP outlines the responsibilities of incident commanders, supervisors, and personnel; identifies the components of Rehabilitation Area establishment; and provides Rehabilitation guidelines. A sample Emergency Incident Rehabilitation Report form is also included. The purpose of this guise is to ensure that the physical and mental condition of members operating at the scene of an emergency or a training exercise does not deteriorate to a point that affects the safety of each member or that jeopardizes the safety and integrity of the operation."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1992-07
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Guide to Understanding Object Reuse in Trusted Systems
"This document is written to help vendors and evaluators understand the object reuse requirement. It also provides guidance to vendors on how to design and incorporate effective object reuse mechanisms into their systems. Some examples for accomplishing object reuse are provided in this document, but they are not the only way to meet the requirement. Nor are the recommendations supplementary requirements to the TCSEC [Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria]. The only measure of TCSEC compliance is the TCSEC itself."
United States. National Security Agency
Anderson, James P.; Vaughn, Rayford
1992-07-01
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View of Management in Fire Investigation Units: Issues and Trends for the 90s (Volume II)
This document is a follow-up report detailing further studies in regard to management of arson units. The original report looks at particular management practices from several local fire investigation units. Factors affecting the current state of fire investigation are also described in this report.
United States Fire Administration
1992-07
