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After Action Report/Improvement Plan: Salem/Hope Creek Nuclear Generating Stations [May 19, 2010]

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From the Executive Summary: "On May 19-20, 2010, an ingestion exercise was evaluated in the 50-mile exposure pathway, emergency planning zone (EPZ) around the Salem/Hope Creek Nuclear Generating Stations (S/HCNGS) by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Region III. On May 18, 2010, a full-scale exercise was evaluated in the 10-mile plume exposure pathway, emergency planning zone (EPZ) around the Salem/Hope Creek Nuclear Generating Stations (S/HCNGS) by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Region III. Out-of-sequence demonstrations were conducted on May 5-6, 2010. The purpose of the exercise and the out-of-fsequence demonstrations was to assess the level of State and local preparedness in responding to a radiological emergency. [...] One new planning issue was identified and it was successfully resolved."

United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency

2010-08-09
Final Exercise Report: Salem/Hope Creek Nuclear Generating Stations [May 20, 2008]

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From the Executive Summary: "On May 20, 2008, a full-scale plume exercise was conducted in the 10-mile plume exposure pathway, emergency planning zone (EPZ) around the Salem/Hope Creek Nuclear Generating Stations (S/HCNGS) by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Region III. Out-of-sequence demonstrations were conducted on May 7-8, 2008. The purpose of the exercise and the out-of-sequence demonstrations was to assess the level of State and local preparedness in responding to a radiological emergency. [...] There were no Deficiencies and no Areas Requiring Corrective Action (ARCAs) identified as a result of this exercise. One planning issue from a previous exercise was resolved."

United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency

2008-08-13
After Action Report/Improvement Plan: Salem/Hope Creek Nuclear Generating Stations [May 18, 2010]

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From the Executive Summary: "On May 18, 2010, a full-scale exercise was evaluated in the 10-mile plume exposure pathway, emergency planning zone (EPZ) around the Salem/Hope Creek Nuclear Generating Stations (S/HCNGS) by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Region III. Out-of-sequence demonstrations were conducted on May 5-6, 2010. The purpose of the exercise and the out-of-sequence demonstrations was to assess the level of State and local preparedness in responding to a radiological emergency. [...] One Deficiency and one Area Requiring Corrective Action (ARCA) were identified as a result of this exercise; both of the issues were demonstrated successfully during the remedial exercise on June 3, 2010. One new planning issue was identified and was successfully re-demonstrated on the remedial exercise on July 29, 2010. Also, one planning issue from a previous exercise is resolved."

United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency

2010-08-11
World Trade Organization: Overview and Future Direction [Updated October 18, 2021]

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From the Summary: "Historically, U.S. leadership of the global trading system has ensured the United States a seat at the table to shape the international trade agenda in ways that both advance and defend U.S. interests. The evolution of U.S. leadership and the global trading system remain of interest to Congress, which holds constitutional authority over foreign commerce and establishes U.S. trade negotiating objectives through legislation. Congress has recognized the World Trade Organization (WTO) as the 'foundation of the global trading system' within the promotion authority (TPA) and plays a direct legislative and oversight role over WTO agreements. The statutory basis for U.S. WTO membership is the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (P.L. [Public Law] 103-465), and U.S. priorities and objectives for the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)/WTO have been reflected in various TPA legislation since 1974. Congress also has oversight of the U.S. Trade Representative and other agencies that participate in WTO meetings and enforce WTO commitments."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Cimino-Isaacs, Cathleen D.; Fefer, Rachel F.; Fergusson, Ian F.

2021-10-18
Resolving Subpoena Disputes in the January 6 Investigation [Updated October 21, 2021]

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From the Document: "The inquiry conducted by the House Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack [hyperlink] on the U.S. Capitol (Select Committee) has recently garnered headlines [hyperlink] not only for the Committee's extensive efforts to obtain information from a variety of public and private sources, but because at least one subpoenaed individual has not complied with the Select Committee's demands. On October 21, 2021, the House of Representatives approved a resolution [hyperlink] finding Stephen Bannon in criminal contempt of Congress for refusing [hyperlink] to comply with a subpoena for testimony and records. Because Bannon may not be the only party [hyperlink] to decline to answer all of the Select Committee's demands, this Sidebar addresses how, as a legal and legislative matter, disputes over the Select Committee's authority to access relevant information could unfold. Various parties may raise different arguments for withholding information from the Select Committee, ranging from claims that withholding information from the Committee is necessary to protect the former President's interest in executive privilege [hyperlink], to claims that the Committee's request infringes on individual constitutional rights such as the Fourth or Fifth Amendment, to claims that the subpoenas exceed the Committee's jurisdiction and authority. On Monday, October 18, former President Trump filed suit [hyperlink] challenging the validity of Select Committee demands for certain documents as constitutionally invalid and unenforceable. This Sidebar does not address the substantive merits of such arguments, though other CRS [Congressional Research Service] [hyperlink] products explore how arguments against the validity of congressional subpoenas have typically been addressed by the courts."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Garvey, Todd

2021-10-21
USA PATRIOT Act at 20: Sneak and Peek Searches [October 27, 2021]

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From the Document: "President George W. Bush signed the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 ('USA PATRIOT Act' or Act) on October 26, 2001. Section 213 [hyperlink] of the Act, enacted as part of the legislative response to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, authorizes sneak and peek search warrants. 'Sneak and peek' refers to the unannounced execution of a warrant on premises where officers observe, examine, measure, conduct tests, and otherwise surreptitiously search, but do not seize tangible property, and where officers thereafter delay notice of the search for 30 days. Notice permits an individual to challenge the legality of the search. It could also lead to flight, destruction of evidence, or placing a witness in peril. In FY2020, under the authority of Section 213, courts issued close to 20,000 such 30-day, delayed-notice search warrants, and approved extended delayed notice beyond 30 days in more than 10,000 cases. Drug cases accounted for more than 70% of the total number of the delayed-notice warrants issued. Authorities used delayed-notice warrants in fewer than 250 terrorism investigations."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Doyle, Charles

2021-10-27
Sexual Misconduct on Merchant Ships of the United States [October 28, 2021]

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From the Background: "In 1988, the Government Accountability Office studied sexual assaults of female seafarers and recommended a requirement for the Coast Guard to be notified of these incidents (see 46 U.S.C. [United States Code] §10104). Starting in 2009, Congress has addressed sexual assault during seafarer training with specific legislation (see P.L. [Public Law] 110-417, §3507). Since 2014, the Department of Transportation Inspector General has issued three reports regarding sexual assault at the United States Merchant Marine Academy (USMMA)."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Ott, Alan

2021-10-28
Voter Registration Agencies Under the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (NVRA) October 21, 2021

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From the Document: "A key purpose of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (NVRA) [hyperlink] was to expand access to voter registration for federal elections, in part by providing registration opportunities at various government agencies that people commonly visit for services. NVRA's 'motor voter' provisions require state departments of motor vehicles (DMVs) to provide a simultaneous application [hyperlink] for federal voter registration alongside an application for a driver's license. NVRA also requires that states designate other state or local offices (and potentially federal or nongovernmental offices, with the agreement of those offices) as 'voter registration agencies' [hyperlink], which distribute voter registration applications; offer assistance for applicants completing these forms; and transmit completed applications to the appropriate state election official. At times, Congress has shown interest in revising the NVRA voter registration agency requirements to, for example, specify participation by certain agencies or modify the registration-related requirements for designated voter registration agencies. On March 7, 2021, as part of Executive Order 14019 (Promoting Access to Voting) [hyperlink], President Biden directed all federal agencies to explore ways in which they could provide access to voter registration alongside the provision of agency services and potentially participate as an NVRA voter registration agency, if requested by a state. This Insight provides background on NVRA's voter registration agency requirements and briefly discusses related recent executive branch actions and legislative proposals from the 117th Congress."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Eckman, Sarah J.

2021-10-21
Executive Order 14051: Designation to Exercise Authority Over the National Defense Stockpile

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From the Document: "The United States needs resilient, diverse, and secure supply chains to ensure our economic prosperity, national security, and national competitiveness. In Executive Order 14017 of February 24, 2021 (America's Supply Chains), I directed a comprehensive review of America's supply chains to ensure that they are resilient in the face of a range of risks. One critical component of safeguarding supply chain resilience and industrial base health is ensuring that both the Federal Government and the private sector maintain adequate quantities of supplies, equipment, or raw materials on hand to create a buffer against potential shortages and import dependencies. Some of the Federal Government's key tools to maintain adequate quantities of supplies to guard against such shortages and dependencies are the United States national stockpiles, including the National Defense Stockpile. By strengthening the National Defense Stockpile, the Federal Government will both ensure that it is keeping adequate quantities of goods on hand and provide a model for the private sector, while recognizing that private sector stockpiles and reserves can differ from government ones. This order confers authority related to the release of strategic and critical materials from the National Defense Stockpile to improve Federal Government efforts around stockpiling for national defense purposes."

United States. Office of the Federal Register

Biden, Joseph R., Jr.

2021-11-03
MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, November 5, 2021

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The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Progress Toward Global Eradication of Dracunculiasis, January 2020-June 2021"; "National Surveillance for Acute Flaccid Myelitis -- United States, 2018-2020"; "Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Among Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19-Like Illness with Infection-Induced or mRNA [messenger ribonucleic acid] Vaccine-Induced SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] Immunity -- Nine States, January-September 2021"; "The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' Interim Recommendations for Additional Primary and Booster Doses of COVID-19 Vaccines -- United States, 2021"; "Effectiveness of 2-Dose Vaccination with mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines Against COVID-19-Associated Hospitalizations Among Immunocompromised Adults -- Nine States, January-September 2021"; and "'QuickStats': Infant Mortality Rates for Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Counties, by Single Race and Hispanic Origin -- National Vital Statistics System, United States, 2019.'" Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2021.html]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

2021-11-05
U.S. Climate Change Policy [October 28, 2021]

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From the Summary: "The greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere trap radiant energy, warming earth's surface and oceans. Scientific assessments conclude that GHGs very likely have been the main driver of warming of the earth's lower atmosphere since 1979. The most recent global assessment projected that surface temperature would continue to rise until at least mid-century even under the lowest GHG emission scenarios considered. A range of actions to mitigate GHG emissions and the risks of climate change (i.e., for adaptation or resilience) are under way or being developed on the international, national, and subnational levels. U.S. federal policymakers and stakeholders have different viewpoints regarding what, if anything, to do about future climate change and related impacts."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Shouse, Kate C.

2021-10-28
After Action Report/Improvement Plan: Salem/Hope Creek Nuclear Generating Stations [April 27, 2011]

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From the Executive Summary: "A REP [Radiological Emergency Preparedness] Medical Services Drill was evaluated on April 27, 2011, by FEMA Region III REPP [Radiological Emergency Preparedness Program] to assess the capabilities of State and local offsite emergency preparedness organizations in implementing their RERPs [Radiological Emergency Response Plans] and procedures to protect the public health and safety during a radiological emergency involving the Salem/Hope Creek Nuclear Generating Stations (S/HCNGS). The purpose of this report is to present the drill results and findings on the performance of the offsite response organizations (OROs) during a simulated radiological emergency involving a radiologically contaminated, injured individual. [...] There were no Deficiencies, Areas Requiring Corrective Action, or Planning Issues identified as a result of this exercise/drill."

United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency

2011-06-28
Final Exercise Report: Salem/Hope Creek Nuclear Generating Station Full Scale Exercise [May 18, 19-20, 2010]

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From the Executive Summary: "On May 18, 2010 an exercise was conducted in the plume exposure pathway emergency planning zone (EPZ) around the Salem/Hope Creek Nuclear Generating Station (S/HC NGS). The exercise was evaluated by Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Region II. The purpose of this exercise was to demonstrate and assess the level of State and local preparedness in responding to a radiological emergency. [...] Four prior Areas Requiring Corrective Action (ARCAs) were successfully addressed. There were two Deficiencies, and six new areas requiring Areas Requiring Corrective Action identified as a result of this exercise."

United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency

2010-10-14
Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2013 and the Future Years Defense Program, Hearings Before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session on S. 3254, to Authorize Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2013 for Military Activities of the Department of Defense, for Military Construction, and for Defense Activities of the Department of Energy, to Prescribe Military Personnel Strengths for Such Fiscal Year, and for Other Purposes, Part 7: Strategic Forces, March 14, 21, 28; April 25, 2012

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This document is a record of the Senate Armed Services Committee hearing titled "Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2013 and the Future Years Defense Program, Part 7," a series of hearings held March 14, 21, 28, and April 25, 2012. From the opening statement of E. Benjamin Nelson: "In August, we passed the Budget Control Act (BCA), which set a 10-year ceiling on the defense and non-defense portions of our discretionary budget. For the Department of Defense (DOD) relative to the 2012 baseline, that translates to a $259 billion reduction in the 5-year budget window from 2013 to 2017, with a growth of about 1 percent annually. DOD made hard decisions to meet the reductions under the act, and likewise I expect similar hard decisions have been made by NNSA [National Nuclear Security Administration] and the Office of EM. This hearing will examine those decisions. This hearing will also examine recent findings from the National Academies from a study we legislated in the fiscal year 2010 defense authorization bill on the role of NNSA in managing its laboratories." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: E. Benjamin Nelson, Thomas P. D'Agostino, Kirkland H. Donald, Donald L. Cook, David G. Huizenga, Madelyn R. Creedon, William L. Shelton, Richard P. Formica, Robert S. Winokur, John A. Zangardi, Cristina T. Chaplain, Andrew C. Weber, Terry J. Benedict, James M. Kowalski, William A. Chambers, Bradley H. Roberts, Patrick J. O'Reilly, and J. Michael Gilmore.

United States. Government Printing Office

2012
Automated Crisis Content Categorization for COVID-19 Tweet Streams

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From the Abstract: "Social media platforms, like Twitter, are increasingly used by billions of people internationally to share information. As such, these platforms contain vast volumes of real-time multimedia content about the world, which could be invaluable for a range of tasks such as incident tracking, damage estimation during disasters, insurance risk estimation, and more. By mining this real-time data, there are substantial economic benefits, as well as opportunities to save lives. Currently, the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic is attacking societies at an unprecedented speed and scale, forming an important use-case for social media analysis. However, the amount of information during such crisis events is vast and information normally exists in unstructured and multiple formats, making manual analysis very time consuming. Hence, in this paper, we examine how to extract valuable information from tweets related to COVID-19 automatically. For 12 geographical locations, we experiment with supervised approaches for labelling tweets into 7 crisis categories, as well as investigated automatic priority estimation, using both classical and deep learned approaches. Through evaluation using the TREC-IS [Text Retrieval Conference-Incident Streams] 2020 COVID-19 datasets, we demonstrated that effective automatic labelling for this task is possible with an average of 61% F1 performance across crisis categories, while also analysing key factors that affect model performance and model generalizability across locations."

Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management

Long, Zĳun; McCreadie, Richard

2020-05
Coronavirus Concerns Led More Than 1 in 10 Nonelderly Adults to Delay or Forgo Health Care in Spring 2021

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From the Document: "Many adults have gone without needed health care during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic over concerns about being exposed to the novel coronavirus in hospitals, doctor's and dentist's offices, and other health care settings. New data from the Urban Institute's April 2021 Health Reform Monitoring Survey show that 1 in 4 nonelderly adults (24.9 percent) reported delaying or forgoing care for this reason in the past 12 months (data not shown). And more than 1 in 10 (11.0 percent) reported having this experience in the past 30 days [...], showing that coronavirus concerns led some adults to continue delaying or forgoing care into this past spring. Unmet health care needs can adversely affect health and other daily activities and could potentially worsen chronic health conditions among adults who have them."

Urban Institute

Gonzalez, Dulce; Karpman, Michael; Haley, Jennifer M.

2021-08
COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Socioeconomic Inequality in Psychological Distress in the UK: An Update

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From the Introduction: "Understanding Society, the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS), has tracked its participants with web-based Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Surveys during the first two waves of the pandemic, between April 2020 and March 2021. This paper addresses socioeconomic inequality in mental health, measured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and extends the work of Davillas and Jones (2021) that presented results for the first wave of Covid in the UK between April and July 2020. The contribution of this short paper is to extend the span of the UKHLS Covid-19 Survey data to include all survey waves. This allows us to follow the progress of the UK population's mental wellbeing during the easing of the first national lockdown, the period of limited restrictions during the summer of 2020 and the second national lockdown up to March 2021. After the outbreak of Covid-19 there was a substantial deterioration in population mental wellbeing and the prevalence of mental problems increased (e.g., Banks and Xu, 2020). The experience of mental health problems is disproportionate across groups, by gender, age, race and socioeconomic status. Groups with disadvantaged backgrounds such as lower socioeconomic positions and pre-existing psychological distress were more likely to experience adversities including job loss and financial stress, and difficulties accessing basic requirements like food and medical care (Pierre et al., 2021)."

IZA Institute of Labor Economics

Gao, Xiaoying; Davillas, Apostolos; Jones, Andrew M., 1960-

2021-10
Improving Women's Mental Health During a Pandemic

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From the Abstract: "In low-income settings, women are vulnerable to the psychological distress caused by the social and economic impact of large-scale shocks (e.g., pandemics, natural disasters, political). This paper evaluates a randomized over-the-phone counseling intervention aimed at mitigating the mental health impact of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] on a sample of 2,402 women across 357 villages in Bangladesh. We find that the provision of mental support to participating women improves their mental health ten months post-intervention, leading to reductions of 20.4% in the prevalence of moderate and severe stress and 32.8% in depression, relative to women in the control group. We also find positive impacts on economic outcomes: household food security and time invested in homeschooling of children, suggesting that improvement in mental health is an important step toward better economic well-being for these women. Finally, we also observe impacts on various other outcomes, including preventive health behavior associated with COVID-19 and vaccination take-up. Our results suggest that this type of low-cost intervention can be effective in providing rapid psychological support to vulnerable groups in times of crises."

IZA Institute of Labor Economics

Vlassopoulos, Michael; Siddique, Abu; Rahman, Tabassum . . .

2021-10
COVID-19 Pandemic and School Closure: Learning Loss in Mathematics in Primary Education

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From the Abstract: "Italy was the first Western country hit by Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] in February 2020, responding with a tight lockdown and full school closure until the end of the school year. This paper estimates the effect of the pandemic and school closure on the math skills of primary school pupils in Italy. We compare the learning achievements of two cohorts of pupils, the pre-Covid and the Covid cohort. For both cohorts, we match scores on the national standardised assessment in grade 2 with scores on a standardised test delivered by the researchers at the end of grade 3. The pandemic had a large negative impact on the pupils' performance in mathematics (-0.19 standard deviations). Among children of low-educated parents, the learning loss was larger for the best-performing ones (up to -0.51 s.d.) and for girls (-0.29 s.d.)."

IZA Institute of Labor Economics

Contini, Dalit; Di Tommaso, M. L. (Maria Laura); Muratori, Caterina . . .

2021-10
Remote Working and Mental Health During the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic

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From the Abstract: "We use longitudinal data from the SHARE [Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe] survey to estimate the causal effect of remote working during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic on mental health of senior Europeans. We face endogeneity concerns both for the probability of being employed during the pandemic and for the choice of different work arrangements conditional on employment. Our research design overcomes these issues by exploiting variation in the technical feasibility of remote working across occupations and in the legal restrictions to in-presence work across sectors. We estimate heterogeneous effects of remote working on mental health: we find negative effects for respondents with children at home and for those living in countries with low restrictions or low excess death rates due to the pandemic. On the other hand, the effect is positive for men and for respondents with no co-residing children."

IZA Institute of Labor Economics

Bertoni, Marco; Cavapozzi, Danilo; Pasini, Giacomo, 1976- . . .

2021-10
Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2013 and the Future Years Defense Program, Hearings Before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session on S.3254 to Authorize Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2013 for Military Activities of the Department of Defense, for Military Construction, and for Defense Activities of the Department of Energy, to Prescribe Military Personnel Strengths for Such Fiscal Year, and for Other Purposes, Part 5, Emerging Threats and Capabilities, March 20, 27; April 17; June 12, 2012

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This document is a record of the Senate Armed Services Committee hearing titled "Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2013 and the Future Years Defense Program, Part 5," a series of hearings held March 20 and 27, April 17, and June 12, 2012. From the opening statement of Kay R. Hagan: "This afternoon, the Emerging Threats and Capabilities Subcommittee meets to review testimony on cybersecurity research and development (R&D), in review of the Defense Authorization Request for Fiscal Year 2013 and the Future Years Defense Program (FYDP). The topic of cybersecurity has been the subject of growing concern and has figured prominently, not only in the newest strategic defense guidance released in January of this year, but also in previous national security and defense planning documents. The 2010 national security strategy states that: ''Cybersecurity threats represent one of the most serious national security, public safety, and economic challenges we face as a Nation.'' The recent strategic defense guidance lists as one of the primary missions of the U.S. Armed Forces the need to operate effectively in cybersecurity and space, which will require investments by the Department of Defense (DOD) in advanced capabilities to defend its networks, operational capability, and resilience in cybersecurity. The challenge DOD faces is to find resources to address this growing threat in an era where there are increasing budgetary pressures on investments in the future. To its credit, cyber is one of the few areas in which DOD actually increased its investments in the fiscal year 2013 budget request." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for record include those of the following: Zachary J. Lemnios, Kaigham J. Gabriel, Michael A. Wertheimer, James S. Peery, Michael H. Sheehan, Garry Reid, William F. Wechsler, Marilyn M. Freeman, Mary E. Lacey, Steven H. Walker, Madelyn R. Creedon, Anne Harrington, and Kenneth A. Myers, III.

United States. Government Printing Office

2012
Review of the Selection Process and Administrative Leave for the Former National Security Agency General Counsel (Redacted)

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From the Introduction and Summary: "This report presents the results of the DoD Office of Inspector General (OIG) review of the selection of Mr. Michael J. Ellis, then-Deputy Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Intelligence Programs, National Security Council (NSC), for the civil service position of the National Security Agency (NSA) General Counsel (GC). Specifically, our review examined the process to select Mr. Ellis as the NSA GC and the placement of Mr. Ellis on administrative leave pending an NSA inquiry into alleged security incidents involving Mr. Ellis by General (GEN) Paul M. Nakasone, U.S. Army, U.S. Cyber Command, Commander, and NSA Director."

United States. Department of Defense. Office of the Inspector General

2021-10-21
Incident Streams 2020: TREC-IS in the Time of COVID-19

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From the Document: "A core question in crisis informatics concerns how well datasets and models - and in fact whole processes - developed on one emergency event perform when applied to a new, unseen event. This question is especially critical for rare emergencies or short-duration, fast-onset events, where opportunities for data collection and annotation are limited. The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic represents such a crisis, leaving open questions about how well crisis-informatics systems developed for non-COVID events adapt to this new, global emergency. Emergency response officers are therefore less likely to trust or use these systems during a critical moment where social-distancing ordinances may drive social media data volumes to new highs, and public health is at significant risk. Likewise, researchers and system developers have limited evidence about what types of information actually transfer to this new crisis context and whether extant datasets on non-COVID crises should be discarded in favor of collecting wholly new COVID-specific data. This paper investigates these concerns through the lens of the 2020 editions of the TREC Incident Streams (TREC-IS) track, wherein we investigate applications of the TREC-IS information-type and priority taxonomies developed on non-COVID-19 crises to COVID-19 data and explicitly evaluate a collection of crisis-informatics systems in both non-COVID and COVID-19 contexts."

Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management

Buntain, Cody; McCreadie, Richard; Soborof, Ian

2021-05
Towards Predicting COVID-19 Trends: Feature Engineering on Social Media Responses

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From the Document: "On January 14, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) to be potentially transmitted by human contact. [...] The United States of America (U.S.A) was hit with its first COVID-19 cases on January 21, 2020, which was later confirmed on February 26, 2020 (Jorden et al., 2020). During this time, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) began to spread information about the COVID-19 virus through social media channels. [...] Quickly following this the U.S.A halted as the cases in New York began to rapidly increase starting in late February (Thompson et al., 2020). In return cities around the U.S.A seeing what happened in New York began to enforce social distancing mandates, the wearing of mask and the closure of non-essential businesses and activities such as churches, bars, beaches, etc. Although this pandemic became a common thread around the world, it wasn't the only commonality. The world had lockdowns, social distancing protocols, and mask mandates in common. With social distancing protocols in place, we noticed the use of social networking increase dramatically as users attempted to keep in contact. This made individuals within all generations increase their use of social media. Social media platforms such as Twitter had a 24% increase in daily users in relation to its previous year. Users new and old flocked to Twitter as they began to vocalize their concerns about the government's plan."

Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management

Evans Jr., Antone; Yang, Yingyuan; Lee, Sunshin

2021-05
Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2019, Hearing Before the Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, Second Session, April 2, 2018

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This is the April 2, 2018 hearing on the "Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2019", held before the U.S. Senate Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations. Per the clerk note: "The subcommittee was unable to hold hearings on nondepartmental witnesses." The statements and letters of those submitting written testimony are as follows: 1854 Treaty Authority, Aleutian Pribiloff Islands Association, Inc., Alliance to Save Energy, American Alliance of Museums, American Bird Conservancy, American Forest Foundation, American Forests, American Geophysical Union, American Geosciences, Institute, American Indian Higher Education Consortium, American Institute of Biological Sciences, American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Andean Tapir Fund/Wild Horse and Burro Fund, Animal Welfare Institute, Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes of the Fort Peck Reservation, Air Pollution Control Agencies, Association of Art Museum Directors, and many more nondepartmental witnesses.

United States. Government Publishing Office

2018-04-02?
Impacts of Sequestration and/or a Full-Year Continuing Resolution on the Department of Defense, Hearing Before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, February 12, 2013

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This is the February 12, 2013 hearing on "The Impacts of Sequestration and/or a Full-Year Continuing Resolution on the Department of Defense" held before the U.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services. From the opening statement of Carl Levin: "The committee meets this morning to consider the impacts of sequestration and a full-year continuing resolution (CR) on the Department of Defense (DOD). […] I would like to start by thanking all of you for your continued service to our Nation, and please convey our thanks to the soldiers, sailors, airmen, and marines at home and in harm's way around the globe. They and their families deserve our utmost support. Some Members of Congress and commentators in the press have said that we should let sequestration go into effect, that it would be better to severely cut the budget than to work out a deficit reduction agreement that would require compromise. I could not disagree more. Sequestration is arbitrary and irrational. It will not only weaken our security but, as Secretary Panetta said: 'It's not just defense, it's education, loss of teachers, it's child care. It's food safety, it's about law enforcement, it's about airport safety.'" Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Ashton B. Carter, Robert F. Hale, Martin E. Dempsey, Raymond T. Odierno, Mark E. Ferguson III, James F. Amos, Mark A. Welsh III, and Frank J. Grass.

United States. Government Printing Office

2014
Assessing Public Health and the Delivery of Care in the Wake of Katrina: Joint Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Health and the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, September 22, 2005

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From the opening statement of Nathan Deal: "As everyone is now aware, Hurricane Katrina devastated the lives of countless thousands of people living along America's Gulf Coast and decimated much of the public health structure in the areas that were hit by the hurricane. The purpose of today's hearing is to focus on the current situation on the ground in terms of public health and the health delivery infrastructure, and to focus on how we can improve our preparation and response to similar natural disasters in the future. A broad list of public and private sector organizations are working together in efforts to improve the lives of people affected by Hurricane Katrina, and I am proud to say that many of these groups are represented here today on our panels. We have two panels of witnesses appearing before us, and I believe they certainly can help shed light on the current situation in the affected areas and on the direction we need to take in the future to lessen the impact of similar natural disasters." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Nathan Deal, Edolphus Towns, Barbara Cubin, Henry A. Waxman, Ted Strickland, Diana DeGette, Sherrod Brown, Ed Whitfield, Bart Stupak, John D. Dingell, Anna G. Eshoo, Joe Barton, Lois Capps, Michael C. Burgess, Tammy Baldwin, Sherrod Brown, John B. Shadegg, Tom Allen, Jan Schakowsky, and Bobby L. Rush.

United States. Government Printing Office

2005
Looking to the Future: Lessons in Prevention, Response, and Restoration from the Gulf Oil Spill, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and Coast Guard of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session, July 20, 2011

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From the opening statement of Mark Begich: "On July 15, 2010, just over a year ago, BP finally succeeded in stemming the seemingly never-ending flow of oil of the Deepwater Horizon spill. When the well was capped, the people of the Gulf Coast and people across the country, who were mesmerized by the video of the subsea gusher; we were finally able to breathe a collective sigh of relief. Yet, capping the Macondo well was not the end of this tragedy. We're still understanding and accounting for its costs--the cost to the environment, the cost to the individual people in the Gulf communities, and the cost to their economies. Over 200 million gallons of oil spewed out into the Gulf for nearly 3 months, becoming the largest accidental marine oil spill in history. The long term impacts to the wildlife and ecosystems of the Gulf, while still ill-defined, are sure to be long-lasting. Eleven men lost their lives in the explosion that preceded the blowout. Many other lives and livelihoods were, and continue to be, upended by the spill. Alaskans sympathize with the Gulf and its plight. We've lived through this before. In 1989, Alaska suffered the Exxon Valdez disaster, then the largest marine oil spill this country had faced. More than 20 years later, Alaskans are still dealing with the aftermath. The environmental impacts are still being monitored and assessed in the waters of the Prince William Sound. Affected Alaskans, many who waited decades before seeing justice in the courts, still feel the impacts of the trauma which the spill caused within their communities. While the effects of both spills are tragic, the greatest tragedy of both could and should have been avoided. In each case the responsible parties cut corners and took unnecessary risks for the promise of greater profits." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Mark Begich, Roger F. Wicker, Bill Nelson, Frank R. Lautenberg, Maria Cantwell, Marco Rubio, Paul F. Zukunft, David M. Kennedy, Grover C. Robinson, R. Eugene Turner, Erik Milito, Jim Ayers, and John D. Rockefeller IV.

United States. Government Printing Office

2012
Report of the Quadrennial Defense Review Independent Panel, Hearing Before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, Second Session, August 3, 2010

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From the opening statement of John McCain: "As long as America has troops in combat, they and their mission must be our highest priority. Yet prevailing in the wars of today cannot be our only priority. We will also need to ensure that our force is prepared and resourced to meet a wide array of other challenges over the coming decades, especially amid the tectonic shifts now occurring in the global distribution of power. In particular, our military must be able to ensure secure access to the global commons, including cyberspace, to shape a balance of power in critical regions that favors our interests and values and those of our allies; to build the capacity of weak partners to secure their countries and operate together with us; and, of course, to defend the Homeland." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: William J. Perry, Stephen J. Hadley, Carl Levin, and John McCain.

United States. Government Printing Office

2011
Department of Defense Views on the Military Compensation and Retirement Modernization Commission's Recommendations for Military Health Care Reform: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Military Personnel of the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, First Session, June 11, 2015

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This is the June 11, 2015 hearing on "Department of Defense Views on the Military Compensation and Retirement Modernization Commission's Recommendations for Military Health Care Reform" held before the Senate Subcommittee on Military Personnel of the Committee on Armed Services. From the statement of Jonathan Woodson: "Thank you for the opportunity to come before you today to specifically remark on the recent recommendations from the Military Compensation and Retirement Modernization Commission (MCRMC), as well as to discuss the state of the Military Health System (MHS), and our plans for the future . Our testimony reflects the shared perspective and vision of the entire MHS leadership team that is testifying before you today. The Commission has performed a valuable service to the Department and the nation. The Commission's 18- month independent review reaffirmed many positive changes we are making to help enhance the Services' capability to recruit, train and retain America's All -Volunteer Force in the present and future, while supporting those who have served our Nation. I n addition, it pointed out areas where we can do better. In many cases, we have come to similar conclusions about the challenges facing military medicine with the end of kinetic combat operations. There were many important recommendations with which we concur, and have already moved into implementation . There were other recommendations that contained suggestions that matched actions that were already well under way. The Commission's endorsement of these approaches is both welcome and helpful." Statements, letters and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Mark Ediger, C. Forrest Faison III, Patricia D. Horoho, and Jonathan Woodson.

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services

2015-06-11

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