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• Executive Order 12876: Historically Black Colleges and Universities

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  "There shall be established in the Department of Education the President's Board of Advisors on Historically Black Colleges and Universities ('Board of Advisors' or 'Board'), a Presidential advisory committee. The Board of Advisors shall issue an annual report to the President on participation by historically Black colleges and universities in federally sponsored programs. The Board of Advisors will also provide advice to the Secretary of Education ('Secretary') and in the annual report to the President on how to increase the private sector role in strengthening historically Black colleges and universities, with particular emphasis on enhancing institutional infrastructure and facilitating planning, development, and the use of new technologies to ensure the goal of long-term viability and enhancement of these institutions."

  United States. Office of the Federal Register

  Clinton, Bill, 1946-

  1993-11-01
• Federal Guide for a Radiological Response: Supporting the Nuclear Regulatory Commission During the Initial Hours of a Serious Accident

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  "This document is a planning guide for those Federal agencies that work with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) during the initial hours of response to a serious radiological emergency in which the NRC is the Lead Federal Agency (LFA). These Federal agencies are: DOE [Department of Energy], EPA [Environmental Protection Agency], USDA [United States Department of Agriculture], HHS [Health and Human Services], NOAA [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration], and FEMA [Federal Emergency Management Agency]. This guide is intended to help these agencies prepare for a prompt response. Instructions are provided on receiving the initial notification, the type of person to send to the scene, the facility at which people are needed, how to get them to that facility, and what they should do when they arrive. Federal agencies not specifically mentioned in this guide may also be asked to support the NRC."

  U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office for Analysis and Evaluation of Operational Data. Division of Operational Assessment

  1993-11
• Evaluating Small Board and Care Homes: Sprinklered vs. Nonsprinklered Fire Protection

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  "This report studied the effectiveness of sprinklered and nonsprinklered fire protection options in small Board and Care homes. The tools used to compare the effectiveness these fire protection options were mathematical fire models, experimental data and documented fire incidents. The mathematical models estimated fire protection effectiveness through a margin of safety analysis. The margin of safety is defined in this report as the excess time an evacuee has to reach a point of safety before that evacuee's exit path becomes untenable. The margin of safety calculations considered fire growth, detection/Alarm activation, evacuee egress movement and smoke tenability analysis. Two egress movement plans were simulated; one plan reflected necessary movement in a one-exit home, the second plan reflected movement in a two-exit home. Two fast-growing, large flashover fires (with high and low CO production rates) and a small, smoldering fire were modeled. Two sets of full-scale sprinklered and post-flashover fire experiments, as well as 61 documented fire incident were included in the study of fire protection system effectiveness."

  United States Fire Administration

  1993-11
• DOE Standard: Licensed Reactor Nuclear Safety Criteria Applicable to DOE Reactors

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  "The Department of Energy (DOE) Order DOE 5480.6, 'Safety of Department of Energy-Owned Nuclear Reactors,' establishes reactor safety requirements to assure that reactors are sited, designed, constructed, modified, operated, maintained, and decommissioned in a manner that adequately protects health and safety and is in accordance with uniform standards, guides, and codes which are consistent with those applied to comparable licensed reactors. This document identifies nuclear safety criteria applied to licensed reactors. The degree of application of these criteria to a DOE-owned reactor, consistent with their application to comparable licensed reactors, must be determined by the DOE and DOE contractor."

  United States. Department of Energy

  1993-11
• Covert Channel Analysis of Trusted Systems. A Guide to Understanding.

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  "This document provides a set of good practices related to covert channel analysis of systems employed for processing classified and other sensitive information. It's written to help vendors and evaluators understand covert channel analysis requirements. It contains suggestions and recommendations derived from Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC) objectives but which aren't required by the TCSEC. Computer security, Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC), Automated information system (AIS), Covert channel analysis, Operating systems."

  Naval Coastal Systems Center (U.S.)

  Gligor, Virgil

  1993-11
• Operations Other Than War, Volume III: Civil Disturbance - L.A. Riots

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  "Civil Disturbance Operations is one facet of the U.S. Army's vital mission to conduct 'operations other than war'. The Los Angeles civil disturbance presented a unique opportunity for the U.S. Army to provide needed support and assistance to victims, and civilian and governmental agencies at the local, state and federal levels. The Los Angeles civil disturbance operation is a success story that demonstrated the readiness, training and deployability of our forces in time of need. This newsletter contains lessons and information on what began as a relatively small scale disturbance in south central Los Angeles. The disturbance spread rapidly, however, overwhelming local authorities. Emerging doctrine must pay particular attention to unique threat and closer relationships the military must have with civilian law enforcement agencies. It must detail the type of support necessary to deal with today's complex civil disturbance dilemmas, as well as provide guidance for the army to execute selective mobilization, which could include calling the National Guard into federal service."

  U.S. Army Combined Arms Center

  1993-11
• Alert Series: Liberia: Disintegration of the Liberian Nation since the 1989 Civil War

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  "In December 1989, a small group of Liberian rebels crossed the border from Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) into Liberia's Nimba County, sparking off a civil war that would eventually lead to the overthrow of President Samuel Kanyon Doe. Although many Liberians were glad to see Doe's repressive regime removed, no group that emerged from the civil war was powerful enough to replace the Doe government. As a result, the Republic of Liberia was plunged into a state of chaos from which it has yet to emerge. In the meantime, Liberia has effectively ceased to exist as a nation. Despite a cease-fire agreement signed in Bamako, Mali, in 1990, the civil war never really ended, and with the escalation of violence that began in August 1992 it seemed as if even the limited peace Liberia possessed had been completely shattered. The re-emergence of overt civil war threatened to return Liberia to the state of terror and brutality that prompted Africa Watch monitors to call Liberia a 'human rights disaster.'1 In July 1993, the parties involved returned to Geneva for yet another round of peace talks, resulting in the signing of a new agreement in Cotonou, Benin, on July 25, 1993. The agreement provides for a cease-fire beginning on August 1, to be followed by the formation of a transitional government in September and the holding of elections in February 1994."

  United States. Immigration and Naturalization Service; INS Resource Information Center

  1993-11
• Profile Series: Pakistan

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  This profile gives a current overview (1993) of Pakistan and discusses the following groups: the Ahmadi Community, the People's Party of Pakistan, the Mohajirs, Women, and Religious Minorities.

  United States. Immigration and Naturalization Service; INS Resource Information Center

  1993-11
• Constitutionality of Health Care Reform: Memorandum for Attorney General Janet Reno and Associate Attorney General Webster L. Hubbell [October 29, 1993]

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  "The Health Security Act creates for all citizens the security that health care coverage will always be available to them. It accomplishes this by building on the existing American system for providing health care, which largely operates through employers. Much of the system will be administered by the states, which will have primary responsibility to ensure that regional health alliances are established, to certify accountable health plans, and to provide mechanisms to resolve complaints and disputes. This legislation is well within the long-recognized authority of the federal government. It is fair to say that, just as the substantive contents of the legislation draw on existing models and approaches to health care delivery and financing, the structure, processes and mechanisms the legislation uses to accomplish its substantive objectives draw on already existing and validated techniques that the national government has employed on numerous other occasions. Notwithstanding the well-established legitimacy of the means that the Act employs to achieve a public purpose of paramount importance, some special interests have such financial stake in the current system that they have strong incentives to challenge the Act even on highly implausible grounds, if the consequences of doing so were to alter the ultimate design of the system even slightly in their favor."

  United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel

  1993-10-29
• Applicability of the Emoluments Clause to Non-Government Members of ACUS: Memorandum for Gary J. Edles, General Counsel, Administrative Conference of the United States

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  "This memorandum responds to your request of July 30, 1993, which sought clarification of a portion of our April 29, 1991, letter to the Deputy Counsel to the President. Specifically, you raise two questions concerning the advice we gave on that occasion concerning the scope and application of the Emoluments Clause, U.S. Const., art. I, § 9, cl. 8. After noting that a significant number of the 101 members of the Administrative Conference (the Conference or ACUS) are lawyers in private practice, professors of law, or other experts in administrative law, you ask whether the Emoluments Clause prevents service on the Conference by private individuals who receive a partnership distribution from his or her firm that may include income received by the firm from a foreign government solely because of the pooling of partnership revenues. Further, you ask whether the Clause prevents service on the Conference by a private individual who receives payment from government-owned or controlled instrumentalities that do not engage in traditional functions -- including, but not limited to, foreign public universities."

  United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel

  1993-10-28
• Executive Order 12875: Enhancing the Intergovernmental Partnership

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  "The Federal Government is charged with protecting the health and safety, as well as promoting other national interests, of the American people. However, the cumulative effect of unfunded Federal mandates has increasingly strained the budgets of State, local, and tribal governments. In addition, the cost, complexity, and delay in applying for and receiving waivers from Federal requirements in appropriate cases have hindered State, local, and tribal governments from tailoring Federal programs to meet the specific or unique needs of their communities. These governments should have more flexibility to design solutions to the problems faced by citizens in this country without excessive micromanagement and unnecessary regulation from the Federal Government."

  United States. Office of the Federal Register

  Clinton, Bill, 1946-

  1993-10-26
• U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Sodium Explosion Critically Burns Firefighters

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  This report illustrates how quickly and unpredictably an apparently minor hazardous materials situation can change and how standard protective clothing and equipment, designed for structural firefighting, is dangerously inadequate for a molten metals.

  United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration

  1993-10-25
• Latin America: The Unfinished Business of Security

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  "The authors explore the relationship between the theory and practice of democracy in Latin America and the changing roles of the U.S. and Latin American militaries. This is a period when many Latin American countries continue to be threatened by guerrilla movements and/or resurgent militarism and/or narcotrafficking. Among lessons learned during the 1980s are the critical importance of democratization, civilian responsibility, and the development of a civil-military dialogue for the ongoing challenge of maintaining national security. The authors emphasize the importance of keeping an open mind with regard to the threat that narcotrafficking poses to hemispheric security."

  Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute

  Schulz, Donald E., 1942-; Marcella, Gabriel

  1993-10-20
• Executive Order 12873: Federal Acquisition, Recycling, and Waste Prevention

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  "Consistent with the demands of efficiency and cost effectiveness, the head of each Executive agency shall incorporate waste prevention and recycling in the agency's daily operations and work to increase and expand markets for recovered materials through greater Federal Government preference and demand for such products. This order creates a Federal Environmental Executive and establishes high-level Environmental Executive positions within each agency to be responsible for expediting the implementation of this order and statutes that pertain to this order."

  United States. Office of the Federal Register

  Clinton, Bill, 1946-

  1993-10-20
• Recommended Fire Safety Practices for Transit Bus and Van Materials Selection

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  "The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) after receiving comments on two previously published Notices, is revising it Recommended Fire Safety Practices for Transit Bus and Van Materials Selection guidelines. This Notice describes FTA's recommended procedure for testing the ability of foam materials to retain fire retardant chemicals after they have been exposed to water, discusses FTA's position on smoke emission performance criteria for seat cushions, and corrects typographical error. These practices are recommendations rather than requirements and are not binding on FTA's grantees, but do reflect FTA's interest in promoting safety issues."

  United States. Federal Transit Administration

  1993-10-20
• Liability of the United States for State and Local Taxes on Seized and Forfeited Property: Memorandum for Cary H. Copeland, Director and Chief Counsel, Executive Office for Asset Forfeiture [October 18, 1993]

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  "You have asked us to reconsider our opinion that property seized by and forfeited to the United States is not subject to state or local taxation for the period between the commission of the offense that leads to the order of forfeiture and the entry of the order of forfeiture. See Liability of the United States for State and Local Taxes on Seized and Forfeited Property, 15 Op. O.L.C. [Office of Legal Counsel] 85 (1991) (preliminary print) ('Harrison Memorandum'). In light of the Supreme Court's decision in United States v. 92 Buena Vista Ave., 113 S. Ct. 1126 (1993), we partially reverse our opinion. Because states and localities may not tax federal property (absent express congressional authorization), the time at which ownership of forfeited property passes to the United States and the extent of the ownership interest that passes to the United States determine whether state and local taxes are owed. In many property transactions, the time and the extent of transfer of ownership are unambiguous and independent issues. In cases of transfers of ownership under the federal forfeiture statutes, however, the answer to the question of when ownership is transferred has been a matter of dispute, and of great consequence for the extent of the interest transferred."

  United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel

  1993-10-18
• AF Instruction 14-102: International Intelligence Agreements

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  This instruction implements AFPD 14-1, "Intelligence Management". It guides the process of negotiating, concluding, changing, and terminating military-to-military international intelligence agreements (IIA) with foreign governments and international organizations. This instruction does not apply to Air Force Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) activities. This is the initial publication of AFI 14-102, substantially revising AFR 200-25. This publication is available digitally on the SAF/AAD WWW site at: http://afpubs.hq.af.mil.

  United States. Department of the Air Force

  1993-10-15
• Hamas: The Organizations, Goals and Tactics of a Militant Palestinian Organization [October 14, 1993]

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  "The United States has taken a strong stand against Hamas because of its use of violence and its opposition to U.S. interests in the Middle East. There is added concern on the part of U.S. policymakers because of reports that Hamas is receiving support from Iran and is collaborating with its Lebanese client, Hizbullah. The Hamas representative in Iran denied the PLO allegation that it had received $30 million from Iran in 1992, but he acknowledged Iranian assistance to `Palestinian groups.' There are few particulars about Hamas collaboration with Hizbullah; the inference is that Hamas militants have been given refuge in southern Lebanon where they receive training and support from Hizbullah guerrillas. The accumulation of evidence was persuasive enough to convince the State Department to add Hamas to its list of groups known to use terrorist means, issued in April 1993."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  1993-10-14
• Immigration Consequences of Undocumented Aliens' Arrival in United States Territorial Waters: Memorandum for the Attorney General [October 13, 1993]

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  "This memorandum responds to requests made by the Office of the Associate Attorney General and the General Counsel's Office of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) for our views on the consequences under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) of an undocumented alien's arrival in United States territorial waters. Specifically, we have been asked whether undocumented aliens who have been interdicted within United States territorial waters are entitled to an exclusion hearing under section 236 of the INA. We have also been asked to review the INS's enforcement authority under INA section 287, and to assess the INS's recent interpretive regulation, 57 Fed. Reg. 47,257 (1992), codified at 8 C.F.R. § 287 (1993), insofar as it purports to define the 'external boundaries' of the United States under INA section 287. We understand that resolution of these issues is of some urgency because the United States has been interdicting, within its territorial waters, vessels transporting large numbers of undocumented aliens seeking admission into the United States from various foreign countries. These activities have raised the question whether the United States must provide exclusion proceedings for such aliens. Agencies represented on the Working Group on Ocean Policy and the Law of the Sea, in particular the State Department and the United States Coast Guard, have expressed an interest in the issues. We have therefore invited, and received, the views of the State Department and the Coast Guard."

  United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel

  1993-10-13
• Evaluation of the Handling of the Branch Davidian Stand-Off in Waco, Texas, February 28 to April 19, 1993 [Redacted]

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  From the Introduction: "This is a critical retrospective evaluation of the activities of the United States Department of Justice ('Department') and the Federal Bureau of Investigation ('FBI') during the fifty-one day stand-off at the Branch Davidians' Mt. Carmel compound near Waco, Texas which ended on April 19, 1993 when fire consumed the compound, killing David Koresh and most of his followers. To make this evaluation, I have reviewed the procedures followed by the Department and the FBI, giving particular attention to the means employed, the alternatives considered and the decisions made in attempting to resolve the stand-off."

  United States. Department of Justice

  1993-10-08
• Report to the Deputy Attorney General on the Events at Waco, Texas: February 28 to April 19, 1993

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  "What follows is an attempt to explain what actually happened at the Branch Davidian compound between the arrival of the FBI on February 28, and the aftermath of the fire that occurred on April 19. As of the date of this report, the federal trial of the 12 individuals charged with the responsibility for the incidents in Waco has not yet occurred. Therefore, it can be anticipated that many additional facts will come out at trial which are not contained in this report. Nevertheless, we believe this report to be accurate and based upon solid evidentiary grounds; we expect additional details to be revealed at trial. This report has been prepared with the cooperation of literally hundreds of individuals. Approximately 950 interviews were conducted, and tens of thousands of pages of documents and transcripts were read and analyzed. This underlying documentation will be made available to the public, subject to the protection of information relating to sensitive law enforcement sources and methods, and personal privacy concerns, upon the completion of the pending prosecutions in the Western District of Texas. The report begins with a brief history of the Branch Davidian sect and the teachings of David Koresh. There follows a day-by-day chronology of the relevant events during the 51-day standoff. After this chronology, the report will address in more detail numerous areas of particular interest, such as negotiation strategies, the attitudes of individuals in the compound, the decision-making process within law enforcement, the planning for the April 19 insertion of gas, and the aftermath of the fire."

  United States. Department of Justice

  1993-10-08
• DoD Directive 4640.7: DoD Telecommunications Systems (DTS) in the National Capital Region (NCR)

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  This Directive updates policy, responsibilities, and procedures for the acquisition, management, and operation of a consolidated and centrally managed telecommunications system. That system includes support to Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C3I) functions for the Department of Defense in the NCR.

  United States. Department of Defense

  1993-10-07
• Watts Bar Nuclear Plant [October 7, 1993]

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  From the Executive Summary: "This full participation plume exposure and ingestion pathway qualifying exercise was conducted on October 6-7, 1993, and was evaluated by 27 Federal evaluators representing 6 Federal agencies. The plant is located in Rhea County in southeast Tennessee, on the west shore of the Tennessee River, near the town of Spring City, Tennessee. This is approximately 50 miles north northeast of Chattanooga, and 54 miles southwest of Knoxville, Tennessee. Portions of Meigs, McMinn and Rhea Counties are within the 10-mile plume exposure pathway Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ). All or part of Anderson, Bledsoe, Blount, Bradley, Cumberland, Fentress, Grundy, Hamilton, Knox, Loudon, Marion, McMinn, Meigs, Monroe, Morgan, Overton, Polk, Putnam, Rhea, Roane, Sequatchie, Van Buren, Warren, and White Counties in Tennessee, Cherokee and Graham Counties in North Carolina, and Catoosa, Fannin, and Murray Counties in Georgia, lie within the 50-mile ingestion exposure pathway EPZ. [...] All exercise objectives were demonstrated; however, one Deficiency was identified. A remedial drill was conducted on November 15, 1993, which successfully demonstrated that corrective actions had been taken which resolved the identified Deficiency. There were also 3 Areas Requiring Corrective Action (ARCA) and 30 Areas Recommended for Improvement (ARFI) V identified, which are discussed in detail in Section II and listed in Sections III and IV of this report."

  United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency

  1993-10-07
• Standard Automated Password Generator

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  This Automated Password Generator Standard specifies an algorithm to generate passwords for the protection of computer resources. This standard is for use in conjunction with FIPS PUB 112, Password Usage Standard, which provides basic security criteria for the design, implementation, and use of passwords. The algorithm uses random numbers to select the characters that form the random pronounceable passwords. The random numbers are generated by a random number subroutine based on the Electronic Codebook mode of the Data Encryption Standard (DES) (FIPS PUB 46-1). The random number subroutine uses a pseudo-random DES key generated in accordance with the procedure described in Appendix C of ANSI X9.17. Similar to DES, the FIPS for Automated Password Generator is an interoperability standard. Interoperability standards specify functions and formats so that data transmitted can be properly acted upon when received by another computer. This type of standard is independent of physical implementation. Implementers are required to use the algorithm defined in the FIPS, however, they are not constrained in how they package it. For discussion purposes a NIST implementation of the Automated Password Generator is provided. It is expected that commercial implementations will be based on the latest technologies and differ from NIST's, however the results should be logically equivalent to that of this FIPS.

  National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)

  1993-10-05
• Assessment of Damage to Single-Family Homes Caused by Hurricanes Andrew and Iniki

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  "On August 24, 1992, Hurricane Andrew struck South Florida producing an estimated $20 to $25 billion in damage to a heavily populated area of Dade County in the suburbs south of Miami. The cost of this damage is not, in itself, sufficient to describe what is recognized as the most costly natural disaster in the history of the United States. Hurricane Andrew continued across southern Florida, the Gulf of Mexico, and then struck the Louisiana coast causing an additional $1 billion in damage. On September 16, 1992, just 16 days after Andrew, Hurricane Iniki struck a direct blow to the Hawaiian Island of Kauai causing an estimated $1.2 billion in damage. In one hurricane season these two events provided a revealing test of the strength of building construction in the United States. Many facets of the construction process were tested by the severe winds and storm surge, including structural and architectural design, building codes and enforcement, workmanship, building product approvals, and all other aspects affecting the final building product. Also put to the test was home owner preparedness and public policy on acceptable levels of risk. In response to the opportunity to learn from these disasters, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) initiated this unique damage assessment of single-family homes to better understand how different types of residential construction fare under hurricane conditions. The primary goal of this study is to provide an impartial assessment of the damage to singlef amily homes caused by Hurricanes Andrew and Iniki. To this end, over 500 homes in Florida and 160 homes in Kauai were subject to detailed assessment of housing characteristics and damages. Many other homes, including those damaged in Louisiana by Hurricane Andrew, were also observed to capture unique aspects of the housing populations and the damages sustained."

  United States. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Office of Policy Development and Research

  1993-10
• Executive Order 12871: Labor-Management Partnerships

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  "The involvement of Federal Government employees and their union representatives is essential to achieving the National Performance Review's Government reform objectives. Only by changing the nature of Federal labor- management relations so that managers, employees, and employees' elected union representatives serve as partners will it be possible to design and implement comprehensive changes necessary to reform Government. Labor- management partnerships will champion change in Federal Government agencies to transform them into organizations capable of delivering the highest quality services to the American people. By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, and in order to establish a new form of labor-management relations throughout the executive branch to promote the principles and recommendations adopted as a result of the National Performance Review, it is hereby ordered [that] the National Partnership Council ('Council') [shall be established]"

  United States. Office of the Federal Register

  Clinton, Bill, 1946-

  1993-10-01
• Health Hazard Evaluation Report 92-0034-2356; Saint Bernard Police Department Saint Bernard, Ohio

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  "On October 23, 1991, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received a request to conduct a health hazard evaluation (HHE) at the Saint Bernard Police Department located in Saint Bernard, Ohio. The request was initiated by the management which was concerned about police officers' exposures to lead fumes generated during monthly hand gun firing exercises. In response to the request, on January 17, 1992, NIOSH investigators conducted environmental monitoring to assess potential occupational exposures to airborne lead and hazardous noise levels generated at the facility during the hand gun firing exercises."

  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

  Cook, Calvin K.; Tubbs, Randy L. (Randy Lloyd); Klein, Matthew K.

  1993-10
• Hazards Analysis, On the Move, SARA Title Ill (EPCRA) and Conducting a Commodity Flow Study

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  This document is a report from the Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, for local planners to protect their communities from risks resulting from transporting hazardous materials. "The purpose of this document is to help […] local planners (e.g., tribal and state LEPCs, and other planners) and responders, develop a method to determine what hazardous materials are being transported through [the] community and the priority areas of risk that warrant further analysis and study. By doing so, [local planners] can assess and improve existing strategies to minimize risk (both public and private) and the response capabilities within [their] jurisdiction."

  United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response

  1993-10
• Police Guide to Surveying Citizens and Their Environment

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  "'How are we doing?' How the public answers this question can determine police strategies and, ultimately, their success or failure. When a police department surveys public opinion it may well seek to measure much more than citizen perceptions of where police stand in public sentiment. Research teaches that many popular yardsticks of police performance--speedy response to calls for service, for example--may tell little about law enforcement's true effectiveness in reducing crime and the fear of crime. Police survey teams may be probing deeper questions: How do citizens feel about open-air drug markets? Did that last crackdown make people feel safer? How do the elderly feel about our efforts? What do minority groups think? School children? Single female heads of households? Some evidence suggests that door-to-door surveys by police officers are enough by themselves to reduce crime and fear and enhance citizen attitudes toward police, independent of any information they gain or what police do with it. Surveys can also help measure the characteristics of neighborhood residents, the background of crime victims, or the background of offenders. They can supplement and help interpret other, more readily obtainable information such as census data, arrest reports, or complaints of crime."

  United States. Bureau of Justice Assistance

  1993-10
• Operations Other Than War, Volume II: Disaster Assistance

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  This document suggests that "a formalized joint military-civil doctrine approach will greatly enhance the military's ability to execute disaster assistance operations. Developing doctrine should include manning levels for the various agencies, appropriate administrative staffing and equipment, and suggested task organization structures for the JTF (engineer, logistics, security, communications, medical and liaison). The doctrine should also include reference to policy publications and technical manuals related to the specific types of disaster. Army and joint interoperability with civil, state, and federal agencies needs refinement so the Army can be a knowledgeable participant in disaster assistance. Specific guidance is needed in deployment operations, assessment teams, task organization, and required materiel and staff manning levels."

  U.S. Army Combined Arms Center

  1993-10