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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 4467, Strengthening Aviation Security Act of 2017
From the Document: "The Federal Air Marshal Service (FAMS), part of the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), promotes the safety of the U.S. aviation system, particularly by protecting airline passengers and crew members against the risk of criminal and terrorist violence. H.R. 4467 would require FAMS to use a risk-based strategy when allocating resources between international and domestic flights, and to report to the Congress on its compliance with that requirement. Using information from TSA, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing H.R. 4467 would not significantly affect the federal budget. Because the bill's requirements are consistent with existing administrative policy, CBO expects that any change in federal costs to meet them would be negligible. Such spending would be subject to appropriation."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-03-20
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MISSION EQUITY: NASA Equity Action Plan
From the Document: "To chart America's course in space, we first must embrace and empower the whole of our nation here at home [...] I am pleased to present NASA's Equity Action Plan, which outlines and reaffirms our Agency's strategy to successfully mitigate systemic barriers to equity. NASA must ingrain the lessons learned from our nation's storied 'Hidden Figures' in all of our endeavors today. This plan seeks to further identify and remove the barriers that limit opportunity in historically underserved and underrepresented communities and anchor equity as a core component in every NASA mission to inspire a new, more inclusive generation."
United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
2022
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 2315, Over-the-Counter Drug Safety, Innovation, and Reform Act
From the Summary: "S. 2315 would change the oversight of the commercial marketing of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The bill would authorize the collection and spending of fees through 2023 to cover the costs of expediting the FDA's administrative procedures for certain regulatory activities relating to OTC products. Such fees could be collected and made available for obligation only to the extent and in the amounts provided in advance in appropriation acts. Assuming appropriation actions consistent with the bill, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing S. 2315 would increase fee collections and related spending. Over the 2019-2023 period, spending would lag collections by $10 million."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-12-07
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 2202, National Transportation Safety Board Reauthorization Act
From the Document: "S. 2202 would authorize appropriations totaling $452 million over the 2019-2022 period (and $115 million in 2023) for the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). (By comparison, the Congress provided $106 million for the NTSB in 2017.) That agency is responsible for investigating significant accidents that occur in civil aviation and other modes of surface, rail, and waterborne transportation and for recommending safety measures for preventing future accidents. As shown in the following table, and based on historical spending patterns, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing the bill would cost $427 million over the 2019-2022 period and an additional $138 million after 2022, assuming appropriation of the authorized amounts."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-02-14
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National Science Foundation Agency Equity Action Plan Submitted to the Domestic Policy Council and the Office of Management and Budget
From the Executive Summary: "To promote the progress of science and maintain our Nation's scientific leadership and global competitiveness, the United States must educate, train, and retain more scientists, engineers, and computer scientists. Historically, underrepresented and underserved communities are the largest untapped Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) talent pools in the U.S. As such, NSF [National Science Foundation] strives to encourage the full participation of all Americans and to remove barriers to their doing so. This is reflected in NSF's Strategic Plan which is intended to ensure all sectors of society have the opportunity to contribute to the scientific enterprise. NSF has undertaken a broad range of activities in that regard, and one of the biggest takeaways from this planning exercise is to fully appreciate the coordination required to ensure these activities are robust, consistent, well-executed and evidence based. The Foundation is working on developing a coordinating process to take on that role so that this plan and other activities realize their potential for U.S. science."
National Science Foundation (U.S.)
2022-01
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: Department of Homeland Security Legislation [September 27, 2018]
From the Document: "On September 25, the House of Representatives passed the following three pieces of legislation: [1] H.R. 6620, the Protecting Critical Infrastructure Against Drones and Emerging Threats Act, which would require the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to prepare assessments of the threats presented by unmanned aircraft systems (often called drones) and other emerging threats associated with such new technologies; [2] H.R. 6735, the Public-Private Cybersecurity Cooperation Act, which would require DHS to establish procedures for people or organizations to report vulnerabilities in the department's information systems; and [3] H.R. 6740, the Border Tunnel Task Force Act, which would direct DHS to establish task forces to combat threats from cross-border tunnels; the task forces could include personnel from federal, state, local, and tribal agencies. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that enacting the legislation would not significantly affect spending by DHS in any fiscal year because the department could largely implement each act with existing personnel."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-09-27
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Air Traffic Control System: Selected Stakeholders' Perspectives on Operations, Modernization, and Structure, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "Over the past two decades, U.S. aviation stakeholders have debated whether FAA [Federal Aviation Administration] should be the entity in the United States that operates and modernizes the ATC [air traffic control] system. During this period, GAO [Government Accountability Office] reported on challenges FAA has faced in operating and modernizing the ATC system. FAA reorganized several times in attempts to improve its performance and implement an initiative to modernize the ATC system, known as NextGen. Recent budgetary pressures have rekindled industry debate about FAA's efficiency in operating and modernizing the ATC system. GAO was asked to gather U.S. aviation industry stakeholder views on the operation and modernization of the current ATC system. This report provides perspectives from a wide range of stakeholders on (1) the performance of the ATC system and the NextGen modernization initiative and any challenges FAA may face in managing these activities and (2) potential changes that could improve the performance of the ATC system, including the NextGen modernization initiative."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2014-09-12
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Aviation Safety: Additional Oversight Planning by FAA Could Enhance Safety Risk Management, Report to the Subcommittee on Aviation, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives
From the Highlights: "The U.S. aviation system is one of the safest in the world, reflecting the work of FAA [Federal Aviation Administration], industry, and others to continually improve safety. To further enhance safety, in 2005, FAA began adopting a proactive, data-driven, risk-based approach to managing safety, referred to as SMS [Safety Management System], and has proposed rules that would require SMS implementation for certain segments of the aviation industry. GAO [U.S. Government Accountability Office] was asked to review SMS implementation in the aviation industry. This report addresses (1) the status of SMS implementation at FAA and in the aviation industry; (2) key challenges that FAA and industry face in implementing SMS; and (3) actions aviation stakeholders believe FAA could take to improve SMS implementation. GAO reviewed FAA documents and interviewed FAA officials. GAO also interviewed representatives from 20 selected aviation stakeholders, including commercial air carriers, certificated airports, repair stations, and design and manufacturing firms. Because the stakeholders were non-statistically selected based on their size, SMS implementation, and the industry segment represented, their views cannot be generalized to the industry or any industry segment."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2014-06-25
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Executive Order 13985: Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government: Peace Corps Equity Action Plans
From the Executive Summary: "The Peace Corps, working by invitation of host country governments, is a service opportunity for Americans to work in partnership with local communities around the world to meet their stated needs. Volunteers live and work side-by-side with local community members for 27 months in our traditional model, with shorter and more targeted service through our Peace Corps Response and Virtual Service pilot options. Equity is at the heart of our mission and goals. The Peace Corps Act (Public Law 87-293), signed September 22, 1961, established a Volunteer Service Agency to promote world peace and friendship by pursuing three equal goals that have not changed throughout its 60-year history: 1. To help the people of interested countries in meeting their need for trained men and women; 2. To help promote a better understanding of Americans on the part of the peoples served; 3. To help promote a better understanding of other peoples on the part of Americans. Building on 60 years of experience, Peace Corps orients and trains its Volunteers to work in six sectors, including Agriculture, Community Economic Development, Education, Environment, Health, and Youth Development."
Peace Corps (U.S.)
2022-01
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Department of the Treasury Equity Action Plan
From the Document: "The Department of the Treasury's mission is to maintain a strong economy and create economic and job opportunities by promoting the conditions that enable economic growth and stability at home and abroad, strengthen national security by combating threats and protecting the integrity of the financial system, and manage the U.S. Government's finances and resources effectively. [...] As Treasury implements the American Rescue Plan (ARP), the Department is working to ensure the economic recovery includes those who have been historically underserved or experienced persistent poverty long before the pandemic. Treasury sees this equity assessment as an opportunity to identify and remove any barriers that would prevent any member of the American public from having equal access to Treasury's programs and services, the Nation's financial systems, or the Department's procurement and contracting opportunities. The Department assembled an Equity Review Team in accordance with the White House requirements to provide input and support for the Treasury-wide equity assessment efforts. The Equity Review Team worked with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Office of Tax Policy (OTP), Bureau of the Fiscal Service (BFS) and Office of Recovery Programs (ORP) to develop ambitious, yet manageable, proposals for the equity review process. The following programs were selected by Treasury's Equity Review Team: Economic Impact Payments/Tax Policy (Tax Programs), Treasury Offset Program (TOP), and ARP Programs administered by Departmental Offices. Treasury also worked to identify actionable opportunities to (1) identify and remove any barriers that members of underserved communities may have to Treasury's contracting and procurement opportunities and (2) assess institutional resources available to Treasury's offices responsible for advancing civil rights."
United States. Department of the Treasury
2022-01-20?
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U.S. Small Business Administration Equity Action Plan
From the Executive Summary: "The 'U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA)' helps entrepreneurs start, build, grow, and, if needed, recover their businesses. Created in 1953, SBA is the only cabinet-level federal agency fully dedicated to small business owners and entrepreneurs in their pursuit of the American dream. Since its founding, SBA has delivered millions of loans, loan guarantees, contracts, counseling sessions, and other forms of assistance to small businesses. Each year, SBA serves thousands of small businesses across the country. Many of these businesses are owned by entrepreneurs who identify with communities that have been traditionally underserved. [...] SBA offers support for each stage of the entrepreneurship journey through products and services. Entrepreneurs of underserved communities can experience barriers to accessing those resources. 'This Equity Action Plan', in conjunction with Executive Order (EO) 13985 ('Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government'), 'outlines how SBA willreduce barriers and improve access to the following resources': [1] Capital Access[;] [2] Federal Government Procurement and Contracting Opportunities[;] [3] Disaster Assistance[;] [and 4] Business Counseling, Training, and Services[.] The plan also 'highlights SBA's commitment to advancing civil rights' including leadership from the agency's Office of Diversity Inclusion and Civil Rights. Lastly, an essential component to the Equity Action Plan is for SBA to improve its quantitative and qualitative data gathering to help inform ongoing analysis. SBA is committed to a process that includes working with OMB [Office of Management and Budget] to identify the most efficient and effective ways to acquire needed information, without incurring unnecessary costs or creating additional burden, potential for disclosure, or trust issues for underserved communities."
United States. Small Business Administration
2022-01
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EO 13985 USAID Agency Equity Action Plan
From the Executive Summary: "USAID's [United States Agency for International Development's] equity assessment submitted in August 2021 outlined findings and 61 preliminary recommendations that USAID could use, if approved, to advance a values-based approach, update rules and regulations, expand our partner base, and become more consultative to achieve the President's goals regarding racial and ethnic equity in a foreign assistance context. The USAID Agency Equity Team (AET) prioritized the following recommendations for inclusion in the Action Plan: 1) continued development of the WorkwithUSAID platform, 2) enhanced implementation of USAID's nondiscrimination for beneficiaries policy, development and implementation of an Independent Accountability Mechanism, and advancement of Title VI protections at USAID, 3) lowered internal and external barriers for USAID awards, to include reduction of acquisition and assistance administrative burdens that negatively affect partner capacity, 4) designation of an Inclusive Development (ID) Advisor at each Mission and procurement of inclusive development support mechanisms managed through the Agency's ID Hub, and 5) implementation of a consistent approach to incorporate racial and ethnic equity and diversity into policy, planning, and learning. Together, these actions help reframe the ways in which USAID partners democratize the development process by integrating equity into Agency policies, strategies, and practices; enhance the ability of potential non-traditional partners to pursue USAID opportunities; prevent discrimination in Agency programs; and strengthen the Agency's capacity to advance inclusive development in our overseas programming."
United States. Agency for International Development
2022-02-09
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 1677, Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2018
From the Document: "H.R. 1677 would require the Departments of State and the Treasury to impose sanctions on people and entities responsible for the security and humanitarian crisis in Syria as well as persons who provide significant financial, material, or technological support to the government of Syria. The legislation also would authorize the Department of State to assist entities that are investigating war crimes or crimes against humanity in Syria. Finally, H.R. 1677 would require the Administration to report to the Congress on the implementation of the act, ongoing assistance programs for the Syrian people, and the feasibility of various options to protect civilians in Syria. The requirements of the legislation would expire after five years."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-10-17
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 5081, Surface Transportation Security and Technology Accountability Act of 2018
From the Document: "H.R. 5081 would direct the Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) to establish a Surface Transportation Security Advisory Committee. The bill would specify details related to the composition and responsibilities of that committee, and it would require TSA to consult the committee when developing the agency's plan for making investments in security-related technology. Using information from the agency about the costs of similar activities, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] expects that any increased costs to establish and support the proposed advisory committee would not exceed $500,000 annually. Such spending would be subject to appropriation."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-03-20
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Scientific Integrity: HHS Agencies Need to Develop Procedures and Train Staff on Reporting and Addressing Political Interference, Report to Congressional Addressees
From the Highlights: "Since 2007, Congress and multiple administrations have taken actions to help ensure that federal science agencies have scientific integrity policies and procedures in place that, among other things, protect against the suppression or alteration of scientific findings for political purposes. GAO [Government Accountability Office] defined scientific integrity as the use of scientific evidence and data to make policy decisions that are based on established scientific methods and processes, are not inappropriately influenced by political considerations, and are shared with the public when appropriate. GAO was asked to review scientific integrity policies and procedures, and how allegations of political interference in scientific decision-making are addressed at CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention], FDA, NIH [National Institutes of Health], and ASPR [Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response]. This report examines the procedures in place to address such allegations and the extent to which agencies received them. It also examines training provided by selected agencies on scientific integrity policies and procedures, including those related to political interference. GAO analyzed the agencies' scientific integrity policies, procedures, and trainings; interviewed agency officials, and employees, which includes managers and non-managers; and deployed a confidential hotline."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-04
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 1815, SEC Disclosure Effectiveness Testing Act
From the Bill Summary: "Financial professionals such as broker-dealers and investment advisors are required by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to disclose a variety of documents and other information to retail investors. Disclosures are designed to educate retail investors about financial choices, standards of care, fiduciary relationships, and other aspects of investing. H.R. 1815 would require the SEC to test the usability of any disclosure that it mandates through a final rule to be provided to retail investors by broker dealers or investment advisors. Those usability tests would be required before the SEC adopts final rules governing such disclosures. If proposed disclosures undergo substantive changes before the final rule is promulgated, an additional usability test would be required. Disclosures previously mandated before the bill's enactment also would require a usability test. Each usability test would include the following: [1] One-on-one interviews with retail investors to assess their understanding of the disclosure in question; [2] A nationwide survey of retail investors to assess the usefulness of the disclosure; [3] An analysis of the interview and survey results, which would be published in the Federal Register; and [4] An opportunity for public comment on those published results."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2019-06-19
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 1079, CASES Act
"H.R. 1079 [Creating Advanced Streamlined Electronic Services for Constituents Act of 2019 or the CASES Act] would require the Office of Management and Budget to create an electronic system to enable Members of Congress to act on behalf of consenting individuals concerning matters with any federal agency. Currently, most Congressional offices performing constituent services with federal agencies utilize a paper-based authorization process to conduct those services and to comply with privacy protection laws. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that creating the electronic authorization process envisioned in H.R. 1079 would be similar to the effort that was required to develop another federal system known as Login.gov. The cost of developing Login.gov--a system that offers 14 million users secure access to 18 federal agencies and more than 30 applications--was $30 million over a four year period. CBO estimates that implementing H.R. 1079, which would require a system with a single application and that would have fewer users would cost around $15 million, or less than $1 million per major federal agency. Most of those costs would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2019-06-19
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 2515, Whistleblower Protection Reform Act of 2019
"H.R. 2515 would expand protections for whistleblowers seeking legal recourse under the 2010 Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank) by prohibiting employers from retaliating against employees who report possible violations of securities laws or Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) regulations to their supervisors. Existing protections under Dodd-Frank provide whistleblowers with legal recourse only if they are retaliated against in connection with reporting potential violations to the SEC. The SEC has taken three anti-retaliatory enforcement actions since 2010 under the current statutory framework. On that basis, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] anticipates that any additional enforcement actions taken under the bill would be few and would not have a significant effect on the agency's workload or costs. Moreover, because the SEC is authorized to collect fees each year to offset their annual appropriation, and assuming appropriation action consistent with that authority, CBO estimates that implementing H.R. 2515 would have a negligible effect on spending subject to appropriation."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2019-06-17
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 1430, Representative Payee Fraud Prevention Act of 2019
"S. 1430 would establish new federal crimes related to representative payees who misuse payments received from the Federal Employees Retirement System and the Civil Service Retirement System. (A representative payee is a person or an organization that manages federal retirement benefits for recipients who are unable to do so themselves.) Enacting S. 1430 would enable the government to pursue cases that it otherwise would not be able to prosecute. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] expects that only a relatively small number of offenders would be affected, however, so any increase in costs for law enforcement, court proceedings, or prison operations would not be significant. Any such costs would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds. Because those prosecuted and convicted under S. 1430 could be subject to civil and criminal fines, the federal government might collect additional amounts. Civil fines are recorded in the budget as revenues. Criminal fines also are recorded as revenues, deposited in the Crime Victims Fund, and later spent without future appropriation action. CBO estimates that the revenues and spending associated with those penalties would not be significant in any year because of the relatively small number of cases likely to be affected."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2019-06-13
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 1648, Small Business Advanced Cybersecurity Enhancements Act of 2019
"H.R. 1648 would direct the Small Business Administration (SBA) to establish a central small business cybersecurity assistance unit within the National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center in the Department of Homeland Security. The unit would coordinate information sharing on cybersecurity threats and defensive measures between small businesses and the federal government. Under the bill, 63 small business development centers (SBDCs) would be required to establish regional cybersecurity assistance units to work with small businesses and to coordinate with the central small business cybersecurity assistance unit. Using information from the General Services Administration and from the SBA, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing H.R. 1648 would cost about $2 million annually and $11 million over the 2019-2024 period to create and operate the central small business cybersecurity assistance unit and to provide additional federal funding for the operations of regional cybersecurity assistance units at the SBDCs. Such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2019-06-07
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Congressional Budget Office Preliminary Cost Estimate: H.R. 3253, Empowering Beneficiaries, Ensuring Access, and Strengthening Accountability Act of 2019
This report from the Congressional Budget Office is the preliminary cost estimate through 2029 for H.R. 3253, the "Empowering Beneficiaries, Ensuring Access, and Strengthening Accountability Act of 2019."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2019-06-17
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Economic Report of the President: Transmitted to the Congress April 2022, Together with the Annual Report of the Council of Economic Advisers
From the Document: "When I took office on January 20, 2021, I looked out at a Nation that was in the midst of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic and experiencing a weak and uneven economic recovery. There were roughly 4 million workers who had been unemployed for more than 6 months. The Congressional Budget Office and private sector forecasters predicted a slow decrease in the unemployment rate throughout 2021. Our Nation needed an economic policy that was nimble enough to meet the significant and evolving challenges required to defeat a pandemic and recover from the severe economic disruptions it had caused. Recovery had to be swift and robust; it was not sufficient to return to where we had been, we also had to build toward a better future. Today, we look out at a markedly different America. Over 200 million Americans have been fully vaccinated and are now protected from the worst of COVID-19. Businesses have been able to resume activity. Schools and childcare centers are open again. Our Nation's economic recovery has been strong, marked by dramatic increases in employment and GDP [Gross Domestic Product]. Moreover, our progress has been achieved with a $360 billion decline in the Nation's deficit in fiscal year (FY) 2021 and a historic $1.3 trillion projected decrease in FY22. This success was not preordained. It is the result of well-designed and well-administered policies."
United States. White House Office
Biden, Joseph R., Jr.
2022-04
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United States Office of Personnel Management Equity Action Plan
From the Executive Summary: "The U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) serves as the chief human resources agency and personnel policy manager for the Federal Government. OPM provides human resources leadership and support to Federal agencies and helps the Federal workforce achieve their aspirations as they serve the American people. OPM directs human resources and employee management services, administers retirement benefits, manages health insurance and other insurance benefit programs, and oversees merit-based and inclusive hiring into the civil service. From shaping how and where Federal employees work in the future, to reestablishing the Federal government as a model employer, OPM is leading the discussion on how to rebuild the Federal workforce. OPM is fully committed to the whole of government approach to advance equity and support for underserved communities. Per Executive Order 13985, OPM has started to assess whether underserved communities face systemic barriers in accessing benefits and opportunities in programs or services OPM provides. Outlined below is a summary of the three high-impact services OPM reviewed and assessed for potential barriers that underserved communities may face, as well as the actions OPM will take to eliminate any barriers."
United States. Office of Personnel Management
2022-01
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 3243, FITARA Enhancement Act of 2017
From the Document: "H.R. 3243 would amend the Federal Information Technology Acquisition Reform Act (FITARA) to permanently extend some expiring provisions. FITARA was enacted as part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 and primarily made changes to how the U.S. government buys and manages computer technology. Specifically, the bill would extend the Federal Data Center Consolidation Initiative (FDCCI), PortfolioStat reviews, and the information technology (IT) dashboard. The FDCCI aims to reduce costs and save energy, PortfolioStat reviews are face-to-face meeting between each agency's IT officers and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), and the IT dashboard provides online details of federal information technology spending. Information from OMB suggests that implementing those efforts costs a few million dollars annually for agencies to produce the necessary information; however, OMB expects that much of this work would continue regardless of the expiring authority to conduct them. Thus, CBO estimates there would be no significant additional cost or savings to continue those efforts under H.R. 3243."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2017-09-29
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 4591, Preventing Destabilization of Iraq Act of 2018
From the Document: "H.R. 4591 would codify sanctions imposed under Executive Order No. 13438 on foreign people or entities that threaten peace, stability, economic reconstruction, humanitarian assistance, political reform, or democracy in Iraq. It would broaden the applicable sanctions to include denials of visas and entry into the United States. The requirement to impose sanctions would expire at the end of calendar year 2021. The bill would require the President to determine and report to the Congress on whether certain entities and individuals meet the criteria to be designated as foreign terrorist organizations or to be sanctioned. Finally, the bill would require the Department of State to establish and maintain a list of armed groups that receive support from or are influenced by Iran's Revolutionary Guard Corps."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-10-12
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Suicide Prevention: DOD Should Enhance Oversight, Staffing, Guidance, and Training Affecting Certain Remote Installations, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "In 2020, DOD recorded 384 active component suicide deaths, representing a 33.5 percent increase in the suicide rate since 2016. Some of these servicemembers were stationed at remote OCONUS [outside the contiguous United States] installations, defined by GAO [Government Accountability Office] as meeting DOD criteria involving factors such as harsh living conditions and limited resources. In response to a provision in the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, this report examines, among other objectives, the extent to which DOD and the military services have, in relation to remote OCONUS installations (1) collected required suicide incident data, and what is known about the incidence of suicide and related risk factors among servicemembers during 2016-2020; (2) established and ensured implementation of policies, programs, and activities that address suicide prevention; and (3) established guidance and training for key personnel for responding to suicide deaths and attempts."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-04
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CBO Presentation: Damage from Hurricane Winds and Storm-Related Flooding: Expected Costs and Implications for Federal Spending
This presentation from the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) focuses on the "Expected Costs of Damage From Hurricane Winds and Storm-Related Flooding" in the United States. "CBO has three recent studies on expected costs of storms and their implications for the federal budget: [1] 'Potential Increases in Hurricane Damage in the United States: Implications for the Federal Budget'[;] [2] 'The National Flood Insurance Program: Financial Soundness and Affordability'[;] [3] 'Expected Costs of Damage From Hurricane Winds and Storm-Related Flooding'[.] [...] CBO estimates that expected economic losses total $54 billion for most types of damage caused by storm surges, hurricane winds, and heavy precipitation."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
Dinan, Terry
2019-06-17
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Oil and Gas Transportation: Department of Transportation Is Taking Actions to Address Rail Safety, but Additional Actions Are Needed to Improve Pipeline Safety, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Highlights: "Technology advancements such as horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing (pumping water, sand, and chemicals into wells to fracture underground rock formations and allow oil or gas to flow) have allowed companies to extract oil and gas from shale and other tight geological formations. As a result, oil and gas production has increased more than fivefold from 2007 through 2012. DOT [Department of Transportation] oversees the safety of the U.S. transportation system. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to review oil and gas transportation infrastructure issues. This report examines (1) overall challenges that increased oil and gas production may pose for transportation infrastructure, (2) specific pipeline safety risks and how DOT is addressing them, and (3) specific rail safety risks and how DOT is addressing them. GAO analyzed federal transportation infrastructure and safety data generally from 2008 to 2012 or 2013 (as available), reviewed documents, and interviewed agency, industry, and safety stakeholders, as well as state and industry officials in states with large-scale shale oil and gas development."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2014-08-21
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Community Reporting Thresholds: Sharing Information with Authorities Concerning Terrorism and Targeted Violence
From the Executive Summary: "Parents, siblings, partners, and friends are often the first people to suspect a loved one is on the trajectory towards targeted violence, including terrorism. These intimate bystanders are well positioned to facilitate prevention efforts if there are known and trusted reporting pathways to law enforcement or other resources. To inform US approaches to intimate bystander reporting we conducted mixed qualitative-quantitative interviews with 24 law enforcement and community professionals working in targeted violence prevention and 123 community members recruited in California and Illinois. We adapted methods used by prior studies in Australia and the UK, including using hypothetical scenario-based interviews and adding a scenario on targeted workplace violence. Overall, intimate bystanders reported weighing numerous factors when deciding whether to report or take other actions, and we organized them into four levels of a 'Social-Ecological Model of Intimate Bystander Reporting for Targeted Violence Prevention.' The model describes a total of 28 factors at four levels--Individual, Relationships, Community, and Societal. Intimate bystander reporting is affected by this range of influences and nested interactions. Factors can influence intimate bystander reporting differently, based on cumulative and intersectional experiences. The interaction between factors at the different levels is just as important as the influence of factors within a single level. For example, fears that harm will come to the personof-concern (Relationship level factors) may influence reporting mainly when they occur in combination with factors at the Community level (Trust of Law Enforcement) and Societal level (Police Violence, Racism and Discrimination)."
National Criminal Justice Reference Service (U.S.); United States. Office of Justice Programs
Eisenman, David P.; Weine, Stevan M., 1961-; Thomas, Paul, 1962 January 24- . . .
2022-01
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Scientific Integrity: HHS Agencies Need to Develop Procedures and Train Staff on Reporting and Addressing Political Interference, Statement of Gene L. Dodaro, Comptroller General of the United States, Testimony Before the Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis, Committee on Oversight and Reform, House of Representatives
From the Document: "I am pleased to be here today to discuss our April 2022 report on scientific integrity procedures and training at selected Department of Health and Human Services' (HHS) agencies. To maintain public trust and credibility, safeguarding our nation's public health agencies' scientific decision-making from political interference is critically important. [...] My comments today will summarize the key findings from this report.5 Specifically, I will discuss: 1. the procedures in place at the selected agencies to address allegations of political interference in scientific decision-making and the extent to which agencies received such allegations and 2. training provided by the selected agencies on scientific integrity policies and procedures, including those related to potential political interference."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Dodaro, Gene L.
2022-04-29
