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Ransomware and Federal Law: Cybercrime and Cybersecurity [October 5, 2021]
From the Introduction: "This report explores legal issues implicated by two potential approaches to combatting ransomware. First, the report summarizes the potential for criminal prosecution under federal statutes such as the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) and the Economic Espionage Act (EEA). This section of the report also discusses legal issues facing ransomware victims--in particular, whether victims risk legal liability by making ransomware payments. Second, the report summarizes federal laws governing public and private sector cybersecurity, including preparedness and incident response. This report does not cover technological and policy considerations involving ransomware, as these topics may be found in other CRS [Congressional Research Service] products."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Berris, Peter G.; Gaffney, Jonathan M.
2021-10-05
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U.S. Research and Development Funding and Performance: Fact Sheet [Updated October 4, 2021]
From the Document: "Research and development (R&D) in the United States is funded and performed by a number of sectors--including the federal government, state governments, businesses, academia, and nonprofit organizations--for a variety of purposes. This fact sheet begins by providing a profile of the U.S. R&D enterprise, including historical trends and current funding by sector and by whether the R&D is basic research, applied research, or development. The final section of this fact sheet includes data on R&D performance by sector."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sargent, John F.
2021-10-04
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Combating WMD Journal (Issue 10, Summer/Fall 2013)
This issue of the Combating WMD (weapons of mass destruction) Journal contains the following articles: "Reorganizing the Domestic EOD [explosive ordinance disposal] and CBRN [chemical, biological radiological and nuclear] Forces for Success - 'A Solution in Search of a Problem?'" by Michael D. Evans; "Why a 15 Minute Biological Detection System?" by Doug Lewis; "Biotoxins Used As Warfare Agents - Part 3" by John S. Nordin; " Monitoring and Surveillance of Biological Threats and Disease" by Jon J. Calomiris; "Nuclear Engineering At UTK [University of Tennessee, Knoxville]" by Sam Willmon; "Shielding - Shielding Theory Fundamentals" by John M. Les; "New Standing Headquarters Focuses on WMD Elimination" by Donna Miles; and "The Four Foodborne Pathogens" by Jeffrey S. Nelson.
United States. Army Nuclear and CWMD Agency
2013
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China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities--Background and Issues for Congress [Updated October 7, 2021]
From the Introduction: "This report provides background information and issues for Congress on China's naval modernization effort and its implications for U.S. Navy capabilities. In an era of renewed great power competition, China's military modernization effort, including its naval modernization effort, has become the top focus of U.S. defense planning and budgeting. The issue for Congress for this CRS [Congressional Research Service] report is whether the U.S. Navy is responding appropriately to China's naval modernization effort. Decisions that Congress reaches on this issue could affect U.S. and allied security, Navy capabilities and funding requirements, and the defense industrial base."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2021-10-07
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Ukraine: Background, Conflict with Russia, and U.S. Policy [Updated October 5, 2021]
From the Introduction: "This report provides an overview of Ukraine's domestic politics and reform challenges; Ukraine's conflict with Russia; the Ukrainian economy; and Ukraine's relations with the United States, the European Union (EU), and NATO."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Welt, Cory
2021-10-05
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Voting in America: Ensuring Free and Fair Access to the Ballot, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Elections, Committee on House Administration, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventeenth Congress, First Session, April 1, 2021 (Book 2 of 2)
This is the April 1, 2021 hearing on "Voting in America: Ensuring Free and Fair Access to the Ballot (Book 2 of 2)," held before the Subcommittee on Elections, U.S. House of Representatives Committee on House Administration. This continuation of Book 1 [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=859538] contains the remaining "Submissions for the Record," which are a variety of state Advisory Committee reports on voting rights. The submissions are as follows: "Barriers to Voting in Louisiana"; "Voting Rights in Maine"; "Voting Rights in New Hampshire"; "Voting Rights in Ohio"; "Advisory Memorandum on Voting Rights Briefing" (Rhode Island); "Voting Rights in Texas"; "Alaska Native Voting Rights"; "Voting Rights and Access in Michigan"; "Alaska Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights Urges Safe and Secure Election Administration During the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Pandemic, September 2020"; "Barriers to Voting in Alabama"; "Voting Rights and Voter Disenfranchisement in Florida"; "Indiana Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights Urges Adoption of No-Excuse Absentee Voting in Upcoming Election, 2020"; "Voting Rights in Missouri, The Impact of COVID-19, A Modified Summary of Testimony"; "Nevada Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, Statement on Voting Access During the COVID-19 Pandemic, September 2020"; "Voting Rights and Felony Convictions, Advisory Memorandum of the Washington Advisory Committee"; and "Carter Center Statement on Voting by Mail for 2020 U.S. Elections."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2021
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Electricity Markets: Lessons Learned from California, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, First Session, February 15, 2001
This is the February 15, 2001 hearing on "Electricity Markets: Lessons Learned from California," held before the House of Representatives Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality of the Committee on Energy and Commerce. From the opening statement of Joe Barton: "In this Congress, the subcommittee intends to focus on the balance of supply and demand in energy. We also want to take an inventory of our Nation's energy capabilities and the obstacles that we face in order to get a better supply/demand balance. Our comprehensive review will be of each of the different fuel sources, and of also the various differences between the regions of our great Nation. We intend to work closely with other committees in the House and the Senate and with the new President and Vice President and his cabinet and the executive branch. Today we are going to begin a series of hearings dealing with our electricity markets. We want to focus on the experiences of several States which have restructured their electricity markets in the last several years. On the West Coast, the great State of California which passed its bill in 1996; on the East Coast, the great State of Pennsylvania, which also passed its bill in 1996; and finally in the central part of the country, the great State of Ohio, which restructured in 1999." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Peter G. Esposito, John R. Fielder, Robert Levin, Adrian T. Moore, John M. Quain, John W. Rowe, Alan R. Schriber, Michael J. Travieso, and Carl Wood.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2001
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Voting in America: The Potential for Voter ID Laws, Proof-Of-Citizenship Laws, and Lack of Multi-Lingual Support to Interfere with Free and Fair Access to the Ballot, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Elections, Committee on House Administration, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventeenth Congress, First Session, May 24, 2021
This is the May 24, 2021 hearing on "Voting in America: The Potential for Voter ID Laws, Proof-Of-Citizenship Laws, and Lack of Multi-Lingual Support to Interfere with Free and Fair Access to the Ballot," held before the U.S. House Subcommittee on Elections of the Committee on House Administration. From the Opening Statement of G. K. Butterfield: "[T]oday's hearing is the third in a series of hearings this Subcommittee is conducting this year examining voting and election administration in America. Today, we will examine three types of State and local election administration laws: those requiring voters to present identification to vote, those requiring voters to provide documentary proof of citizenship in order to register to vote, and those governing the provision of multilingual voting support." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Lonna Rae Atkeson, Matthew L. Campbell, Nazita Lajevardi, Andrea Senteno, Lori Roman, Matt A. Barreto, Terry Ao Minnis, Kira Romero-Craft, and Harmeet Dhillon.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2021
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Countering WMD Journal (Issue 12, Spring/Summer 2015)
This issue of the Countering WMD (weapons of mass destruction) Journal contains the following articles: "Establishment and Growth of Joint Radiological and Nuclear Defense" by Valentin Novikov; "FA52 [Functional Area 52] Technical Support to the Radiological Detection System (RDS): The First Joint, Networked Radiation Detector" by Jayna B. Reichert; "Recovering the Army's Nuclear Battlefield Proficiency" by Richard Hart Sinnreich; "White Sands Missile Range Nuclear Weapon Effects Life Cycle Support Capabilities" by Randolph M. Brady and John M. Les; "Nuclear Atmospheric Test Film Scanning and Re-Analysis" by Michael C. Fish; "Viewshed Analysis of Nuclear Weapon Effects" by Barton T. Jennings; "Disease as a Security Threat and the Militarization of the Response" by Jeffrey B. Bacon; "Army Nuclear Targeting Tools Through The Ages" by Martin W. Moakler, Jr.; "Overview of Current Nuclear Power in the Ukraine" by James P. Shubert and Robin Farmer; "Building CWMD [countering weapons of mass destruction] Officers at West Point and Beyond" by Andrew Decker; "Chemical Warfare: The 100th Anniversary of Modern Chemical Warfare
United States. Army Nuclear and CWMD Agency
2015
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H. Rept. 117-135: Homeland Procurement Reform Act, Report to Accompany H.R. 2915, October 5, 2021
From the Purpose and Summary: "H.R. 2915, the 'Homeland Procurement Reform Act' or the 'HOPR Act,' would reform the way the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) procures uniforms and related gear (e.g., body armor) for its operational components. It seeks to ensure that the Department issues high-quality uniforms and gear to frontline personnel by encouraging the procurement of domestically sourced items. Under the Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security is required to ensure, to the maximum extent possible, that at least one-third of the funds obligated for the procurement of uniforms and gear be used to purchase goods manufactured or supplied by entities that qualify as a U.S. small business. Moreover, the bill requires DHS to study whether uniform allowances provided to personnel are adequate and to also report on opportunities to procure additional items, such as personal protective equipment (PPE), from domestic sources. Lastly, the bill strengthens supply chain security by mandating locked storage, reports of stolen goods, and the destruction of defective or unusable items bearing official DHS insignia not manufactured in the United States."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2021-10-05
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Iraq's October 2021 Election [October 1, 2021]
From the Document: "On October 10, 2021, Iraqis are set to vote in an early [hyperlink] election to determine the makeup of the unicameral Council of Representatives (COR), Iraq's national legislature. The COR elects Iraq's president and approves the prime minister's program and cabinet nominees. The election comes two years after the start of mass protests that convulsed [hyperlink] Iraqi society and ousted [hyperlink] the government formed after Iraq's 2018 national election [hyperlink]. The election result may shape Iraqi policy on issues [hyperlink] of congressional concern, including U.S.- Iraq security cooperation, Iran's influence in Iraq, Iraq's foreign policy, human rights, protection of minorities, and prospects for economic and governance reform."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blanchard, Christopher M.
2021-10-01
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Brief Introduction to the National Flood Insurance Program [Updated October 8, 2021]
From the Document: "The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is the primary source of flood insurance coverage for residential properties in the United States. The NFIP has two main policy goals: (1) to provide access to primary flood insurance, thereby allowing for the transfer of some of the financial risk of property owners to the federal government; and (2) to mitigate and reduce the nation's comprehensive flood risk through the development and implementation of floodplain management standards. A longer-term objective of the NFIP is to reduce federal expenditure on disaster assistance after floods. As a public insurance program, the goals of the NFIP are different from the goals of private sector insurance companies. It encompasses social goals to provide flood insurance in flood-prone areas to property owners who otherwise would not be able to obtain it and to reduce the government's cost after floods. The NFIP also engages in many 'noninsurance' activities in the public interest: it identifies and maps flood hazards, disseminates flood-risk information through flood maps, requires community land-use and building-code standards, contributes to community resilience by providing a mechanism to fund rebuilding after a flood, and offers grants and incentive programs for household- and community-level investments in flood-risk reduction."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Horn, Diane P.
2021-10-08
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Chile: An Overview [Updated October 5, 2021]
From the Document: "Chile, located along the Pacific coast of South America, traditionally has been one of the United States' closest partners in Latin America. The country's transition to a higher level of economic development has enabled it to play a more active role in foreign affairs, often in collaboration with the United States."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Meyer, Peter J.
2021-10-05
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Commercial Human Spaceflight [October 1, 2021]
From the Document: "Recent commercial flights to space by wealthy businesspeople and other private individuals have attracted interest both in Congress and among the general public. This In Focus summarizes current capabilities and plans for commercial human spaceflight, explains how it is regulated and licensed, defines some commonly used terminology, and discusses selected policy issues that may be of interest to Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Morgan, Daniel (Daniel L.)
2021-10-01
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Qatar: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy [Updated October 6, 2021]
From the Summary: "The State of Qatar, a small Arab Gulf monarchy which has about 300,000 citizens in a total population of about 2.4 million, has employed its ample financial resources to exert regional influence, often independent of the other members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Bahrain, and Oman) alliance. Qatar has fostered a close defense and security alliance with the United States and has maintained ties to a wide range of actors who are often at odds with each other, including Sunni Islamists, Iran and Iran-backed groups, and Israeli officials."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Katzman, Kenneth
2021-10-06
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Panama: An Overview [Updated October 7, 2021]
From the Document: "Panama's central location in the Americas (linking North and South America), large financial sector, use of the U.S. dollar as currency, and transportation infrastructure-- especially the Panama Canal, which connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans--make the country a global trade hub and a strategic partner for the United States."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sullivan, Mark P.
2021-10-07
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Wildfire Statistics [Updated October 4, 2021]
From the Document: "Wildfires are unplanned fires, including lightning-caused fires, unauthorized human-caused fires, and escaped prescribed fire projects. States are responsible for responding to wildfires that begin on nonfederal (state, local, and private) lands, except for lands protected by federal agencies under cooperative agreements. The federal government is responsible for responding to wildfires that begin on federal lands. The Forest Service (FS)--within the U.S. Department of Agriculture--carries out wildfire management and response across the 193 million acres of the National Forest System(NFS). The Department of the Interior (DOI) manages wildfire response for more than 400 million acres of national parks, wildlife refuges and preserves, other public lands, and Indian reservations. Wildfire statistics help to illustrate past U.S. wildfire activity. Nationwide data compiled by the National Interagency Coordination Center (NICC) indicate that the number of annual wildfires is variable but has decreased slightly over the last 30 years and the number of acres affected annually, while also variable, generally has increased."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hoover, Katie; Hanson, Laura A.
2021-10-04
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U.S.-China Strategic Competition in South and East China Seas: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated October 6, 2021]
From the Introduction: "This report provides background information and issues for Congress regarding U.S.-China strategic competition in the South China Sea (SCS) and East China Sea (ECS). In an international security environment described as one of renewed great power competition, the South China Sea (SCS) has emerged as an arena of U.S.-China strategic competition. China's actions in the SCS in recent years have heightened concerns among U.S. observers that China is gaining effective control of the SCS, an area of strategic, political, and economic importance to the United States and its allies and partners. Actions by China's maritime forces at the Japan-administered Senkaku Islands in the East China Sea (ECS) are another concern for U.S. observers. Chinese domination of China's near-seas region could substantially affect U.S. strategic, political, and economic interests in the Indo-Pacific region and elsewhere. The issue for Congress is whether the Administration's strategy for competing strategically with China in the SCS and ECS is appropriate and correctly resourced, and whether Congress should approve, reject, or modify the strategy, the level of resources for implementing it, or both. Decisions that Congress makes on these issues could substantially affect U.S. strategic, political, and economic interests in the Indo-Pacific region and elsewhere."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2021-10-06
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Crisis on the National Forests: Containing the Threat of Wildland Fire to the Environment and Communities, Oversight Field Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Forests and Forest Health of the Committee on Resources, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Eighth Congress, First Session, March 7, 2003
This is the March 7, 2003 hearing on "Crisis on the National Forests: Containing the Threat of Wildland Fire to the Environment and Communities," held before the House of Representatives Subcommittee on Forests and Forest Health of the Committee on Resources. From the opening statement of Joseph C. Donaldson: "As evidenced by the ongoing drought, a dramatic increase in insect populations and the ever-growing threat of catastrophic wildfire, our forests are in disrepair and have become littered with untold numbers of dead trees. We are in critical need of a massive cleanup and tree removal effort that can only be achieved with technical and financial assistance through the Federal Government. The Stafford Act has been utilized in many disasters to assist local governments in debris removal efforts. We would ask your consideration in initiating this process to provide Federal assistance to our areas in order to mitigate a very hazardous condition that threatens both the lives and personal property throughout the region." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Bradley L. Ack, Sarah Cassatt, W. Wallace Covington, Joseph C. Donaldson, Kent B. Gibson, Gene Kelley, Thomas Kolb, Lyle Laverty, Dallas Massey, Patrick Moore, Mark Rey, and Rebecca W. Watson.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2003
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Examining the COVID-19 Response in Native Communities: Native Tourism Economies One Year Later, Hearing Before the Committee on Indian Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventeenth Congress, First Session, May 12, 2021
This is the May 12, 2021 hearing on "Examining the COVID-19 Response in Native Communities: Native Tourism Economies One Year Later," held before the U.S. Senate Committee on Indian Affairs. From the opening statement of Brian Schatz: "Today's oversight hearing, the third in this Committee's COVID- 19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Response series, will focus on the pandemic's impact on Native tourism economies. Native communities across the Country have diversified their economies with domestic and international tourism to create jobs for community members, boost tribal government revenue, and improve living conditions. But after COVID-19 hit, many Native communities imposed lockdowns and closed their borders and businesses to outside visitors. The temporary closure of tribal businesses, including tourism-driven enterprises, disrupted a major revenue source for funding tribal government services, and caused a ripple effect through adjacent non-Native communities, many of which rely on tribal enterprise to boost their own economies. Congress responded by providing funding through the American Rescue Plan act to help Native communities rebuild their economies. This included $20 billion in recovery funds and additional funding for programs like the EDA [U.S. Economic Development Administration] grants for tourism. Yes, help is here, but many Native communities need particular resources to regroup, revitalize and expand their own tourism economies. [...] I look forward to hearing from the Administration and Native tourism experts on these impacts and the Federal resources and infrastructure needed to get Native tourism economies back on track." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Dennis Alvord, John De Fries, Russell Dick, Anthony Rodman, and Sherry Rupert.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2021
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Mission Critical: Caring for Our Heroes, Joint Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Health and the Subcommittee on Technology Modernization of the Committee on Veterans' Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, First Session, May 22, 2019
This is the May 22, 2019 hearing on "Mission Critical: Caring for Our Heroes," held before the House of Representatives Subcommittee on Health and the Subcommittee on Technology Modernization of the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. From the opening statement of Julia Brownley: "Thank you all for joining us today for a hearing to discuss the Information Technology systems that support two of VA [United States Department of Veterans Affairs]'s most crucial programs, the General Caregiver Support Program, and the Program of Comprehensive Assistance for Family Caregivers. [...] [I]n 2014 the GAO [Government Accountability Office] released a report highlighting the degree of ineptitude of the IT [information technology] system supporting the caregiver program and recommended VA pursue a replacement system. VA concurred with the recommendations and, 5 years later, nothing has changed. It is deeply frustrating that 5 years after the GAO report these IT problems persist. It is even more frustrating that the only thing standing between pre-9/11 veterans and their caregivers and the services they need is this IT program. [...] What this Subcommittee hopes to learn today is twofold. The first, why after 5 years has VA been unable to replace a faulty IT system; and, second, what reassurances can you offer pre-9/11 veterans and caregivers that continue to wait for access to the care and services they need?" Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Steven Lieberman, Carol C. Harris, Wendell Ocasio, and Ken Beecher.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2021
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Marijuana and America's Health: Questions and Issues for Policy Makers, Hearing Before the Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, First Session, October 23, 2019
This is the October 23, 2019 hearing on "Marijuana and America's Health: Questions and Issues for Policy Makers," held before the U.S. Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control. From the opening statement of John Cornyn: "Despite growing acceptance and accessibility of this drug and its derivatives, I believe we lack definitive evidence on the short- and long-term health implications of marijuana use. That is especially true for vulnerable populations like adolescents, pregnant women, and people suffering from mental health issues. Earlier this year, our Surgeon General, one of our witnesses here today, issued an Advisory that highlighted the risks of marijuana use for pregnant and nursing women and adolescents. I remain concerned about the lack of evidence regarding health risks of these groups, as well as the general population. [...] Surgeon General, Dr. Volkow, and the experts on our second panel will help shed light on what science tells us about the public health risks of marijuana and what we still need to learn. I look forward to hearing the testimony and discussing how we can work to prevent youth access to marijuana, and properly evaluate the safety and efficacy of any therapies that may utilize marijuana and cannabinoids." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Jerome Adams, Nora Volkow, Robert Fitzgerald, Staci Gruber, Sean Hennessy, and Madeline Meier.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2021
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Oversight of Pandemic Evictions: Assessing Abuses by Corporate Landlords and Federal Efforts to Keep Americans in Their Homes, Hearing Before the Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis of the Committee on Oversight and Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventeenth Congress, First Session, July 27, 2021
This is the July 27, 2021 hearing on "Oversight of Pandemic Evictions: Assessing Abuses by Corporate Landlords and Federal Efforts to Keep Americans in Their Homes," held before the House of Representatives Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis of the Committee on Oversight and Reform. From the opening statement of James E. Clyburn: "We are here today to discuss an issue of utmost importance: ensuring that the coronavirus pandemic, which has already resulted in a loss of life for more than 600,000 Americans, does not result in the loss of stable homes for millions more. As the coronavirus pandemic ravaged the Nation, millions of Americans lost their jobs and faced significant challenges making ends meet. For these Americans, one of the most pressing challenges has been ensuring that the loss of a job does not also mean the loss of a roof over their families' heads. [...] As Americans continue to get vaccinated and our economy continues to improve, we must work together to prevent the pandemic from precipitating an eviction crisis. Congress has already taken action to ensure that American families are not evicted from their homes. We must ensure that the law is followed and the rental assistance funds that Congress provided are accessible to all who need them." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Jim Baker, Katrina Chism, Diane Yentel, Rene Solis, and Joel Griffith.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2021
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Examining the Role of Municipal Bond Markets in Advancing--and Undermining-- Economic, Racial, and Social Justice, Virtual Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventeenth Congress, First Session, April 28, 2021
This is the April 28, 2021 hearing on "Examining the Role of Municipal Bond Markets in Advancing--and Undermining-- Economic, Racial, and Social Justice," held before the House of Representatives Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Financial Services. From the opening statement of Al Green: "Today's hearing will assess the municipal bond markets as a driver of systemic discrimination on one hand, and of restorative justice on the other hand. First, it will examine material disparities and costs of capital raising for Minority Serving Institutions, more specifically, Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). Second, this hearing will explore the fact that municipal bonds can drive positive change and promote fiscal justice, a truly exciting area of finance today thanks to the efforts of some issuers and investors and some of those represented among the witnesses." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: William Fisher, Gary Hall, Chelsea McDaniel, Jim Nadler, and Christopher Parsons.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2021
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Examining the Significant Costs and Related Burdens for Small Businesses Resulting from the Gold King Mine Waste Water Spill near Silverton, Colorado, Hearing Before the Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, First Session, October 1, 2015
This is the October 1, 2015 hearing on "Examining the Significant Costs and Related Burdens for Small Businesses Resulting from the Gold King Mine Waste Water Spill near Silverton, Colorado," held before the U.S. Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship. From the opening statement of Cory Gardner: "We will call the committee to order for this morning's hearing in which we will examine the significant costs and related burdens for small businesses resulting from the Gold King Mine waste water spill near Silverton, Colorado." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Scott Tipton, Bradford P. Blake, DeAnne Gallegos, and Andrew Corra.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2021
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Morocco: Background and U.S. Relations [Updated September 30, 2021]
From the Document: "Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament and local government officials. King Mohammed VI, who inherited the throne in 1999, maintains overarching political authority but has taken some liberalizing steps. In 2011, amid large protests in Morocco and the popular overthrow of governments in other North African countries, the king introduced a new constitution that strengthened the office of the Prime Minister and expanded individual rights. The monarch remains the arbiter of national decision-making, the head of the military, and--as 'Commander of the Faithful'--the country's highest religious authority. Morocco's stability has taken on greater prominence amid the conflicts in Libya and the Sahel region and political turbulence in Tunisia and Algeria. The country has nonetheless seen recurrent protests over economic challenges, corruption, and police brutality, to which authorities have sometimes responded harshly. [...] Successive U.S. Administrations have viewed Morocco as an important regional partner on security, trade, and development."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
2021-09-30
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2021 National Veteran Suicide Prevention Annual Report
From the Introduction: "The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs' 2021 National Veteran Suicide Prevention Annual Report shows the overall Veteran suicide count and rate decreased in 2019 from 2018 and from 2017. [...] The report represents and communicates a 'whole of VA [Veterans Affairs]' approach to suicide prevention that integrates strategic planning, program operations, and program evaluation across the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), the Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA), and the National Cemetery Administration. The report represents and communicates a 'whole of government' approach to suicide prevention that integrates strategic planning across federal agencies to facilitate complementary and collaborative prevention, intervention, and postvention approaches tailored to agency-specific populations. The report represents and communicates the value of 'public/private partnerships' to reinforce and magnify collective and unified engagement of suicide prevention. Given this background, this report includes the following updated information and data: [1] There were 399 fewer Veteran suicides in 2019 than in 2018. [2] There was a 7.2% overall decrease in the age- and sex-adjusted Veteran suicide mortality rate in 2019, as compared to 2018. [3] The unadjusted suicide rate for male Veterans decreased 3.6% in 2019 from 2018 while the unadjusted suicide rate for female Veterans decreased 12.8% in 2019 from 2018. Decreases in Veteran suicide across multiple fronts and methods of measurement in 2019 were unprecedented across the last 20 years."
United States. Department of Veterans Affairs. Office of Suicide Prevention
2021-09
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Clean Electricity Performance Program (CEPP): In Brief [October 7, 2021]
From the Document: "The Clean Electricity Performance Program (CEPP) has been proposed in the 117th Congress as a policy aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in the electric power sector. The CEPP sometimes is referred to as a clean energy standard (CES), although the CEPP and a CES generally are seen as different policies. This analysis summarizes the key elements of the proposed CEPP included in House Committee on Energy and Commerce (House E&C) budget reconciliation legislative recommendations[.] This analysis also identifies some potential considerations for lawmakers."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lawson, Ashley J.
2021-10-07
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Russian Military Exercises [October 4, 2021]
From the Document: "The Russian military has routinely conducted two types of military exercises: annual strategic command staff exercises and combat readiness inspections. Many of these exercises are what most analysts consider part of a military's normal training routine. Russia uses these exercises to test military readiness, refine operational concepts, assess new equipment and technologies, and improve command and control. Russia also may use some of these exercises as a form of coercive signaling toward neighboring states and foreign audiences. Some observers are also concerned about Russian use of military exercises as a pretext to mask preparations for potential and actual invasions[.] In particular, the size and nature of the exercises, including the recently concluded Zapad 2021 joint Russian-Belarusian strategic exercise, have caused concern among U.S. and European observers, including some Members of Congress. Some Members expressed concern about the exercise reflecting Russian aggression toward allies in the region."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bowen, Andrew S.
2021-10-04
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Labor Market Tightness and the Economic Recovery, Part 2 [October 5, 2021]
From the Document: "Recently, many businesses have reportedly complained of labor market 'tightness'--workforce shortages and difficulties in hiring to reduce them. This is surprising to many economists because employment is still low. If long-lasting, these shortages could hold back the economic recovery and potentially contribute to inflationary pressures [hyperlink]. This Insight, which concludes a previous CRS Insight (Part 1 [hyperlink]) that analyzes evidence of potential labor market tightenness, discusses potential causes and the policy implications of those findings."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Labonte, Marc; Weinstock, Lida R.
2021-10-05
