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• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 1612, Homeland Security Technology Improvement Act of 2003

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  This is the Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs on October 22, 2003. From the Document: "S. 1612 would authorize the appropriation of $50 million for each of fiscal years 2005 through 2014 for the Department of Homeland Security to provide technology, equipment, and information to state and local law enforcement agencies for counterterrorism activities. The estimated budgetary impact of S. 1612 is shown in the following table. Based on historical spending patterns for similar programs, CBO estimates that implementing S. 1612 would cost nearly $140 million over the 2004-2008 period (and $360 million after 2008), assuming appropriation of the specified amounts. Enacting S. 1612 would not affect direct spending or receipts. S. 1612 contains no new intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act. State, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies would benefit from the information, technology, and equipment to counter terrorist activities. This bill would allow for technology researched and tested by the Department of Homeland Security to be purchase and distributed to state and local law enforcement agencies. Any costs to those governments would be incurred voluntarily as a condition of participating in a federal program."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2003-10-28
• Hazus Hurricane Model Technical Manual

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  From the Background: "The Hazus Hurricane Loss Estimation Methodology provides state, local, tribal, and territorial (SLTT) officials with a decision support software for estimating potential losses from hurricane events. This loss estimation capability enables users to anticipate the consequences of hurricanes and develop plans and strategies for reducing risk. The Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based software can be applied to study geographic areas of varying scale with diverse population characteristics and can be implemented by users with a wide range of technical and subject matter expertise."

  United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency

  2021-03
• Procurement Disaster Assistance Team (PDAT) Field Manual: Procurement Information for FEMA Award Recipients and Subrecipients

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  From the Foreword: "The Procurement Disaster Assistance Team (PDAT) Field Manual (Manual) provides guidance regarding the mandatory requirements for FEMA award recipients and subrecipients using federal funding to finance the procurement of property and services. [...] This version of the PDAT Field Manual will: A. Exemplify the Agency's mission statement: 'Helping people before, during and after disasters'; B. Improve accessibility to all users of this Manual, providing clear and understandable language to enhance understanding of the federal procurement standards; C. Provide guidance regarding the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) revisions and final guidance [hyperlink] to the 'Uniform Rules', 2 C.F.R. Part 200 on August 13, 2020; D. Illustrate how certain rules apply to an award recipient and/or subrecipient with real world examples; and E. Give additional resources, tools, and guidance to help all users develop further knowledge of the procurement under grants subject matter."

  United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency

  2021-10
• COVID-19 Travel Restrictions Installation Status Update [As of January 31, 2022]

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  From the Document: "Travel Restrictions LIFTED at 185 of 230 Installations (80%) (Met: Step 1 & Step 2)[.] Of the 185 installations with lifted travel restrictions this week, 1 reinstated travel restrictions while 0 lifted restrictions."

  United States. Department of Defense

  2022-01-31
• Radiation Exposure from Pacific Nuclear Test, Oversight Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives, One Hundred, Third Congress, Second Session on Radiation Exposure from Nuclear Tests in the Pacific, Hearing Held in Washington, DC, February 24, 1994

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  This is the February 24, 1994 hearing on "Radiation Exposure from Pacific Nuclear Test," held before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives. From the opening statement of George Miller: "The purpose of this morning's hearing is to conduct oversight hearings on the radiation exposure from nuclear tests in the Pacific. Forty years ago next week, March 1, 1954, a joint U.S. military/ civilian task force detonated a 15-megaton thermonuclear device at Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands, 2,000 miles southwest of Hawaii. Code-named BRAVO, the test unleashed the most powerful explosion then known to mankind. BRAVO's mushroom cloud rose more than 20 miles into the stratosphere. Radioactive fallout from the test blanketed inhabited atolls downwind from ground zero, unalterably changing the lives of the thousands of people who lived in its path. The joint task force called the pattern of radioactive fallout an accident that occurred due to a last-minute shift in the winds and the failure to anticipate the bomb would yield so much power. The task force evacuated the inhabitants of the islands of Rongelap, Rongerik, and Utirik over the days following the BRAVO accident and issued reports which identified the scope of the fallout from BRAVO as confined to a narrow band of 13 mostly uninhabited atolls east of ground zero. In all, we were told, only 267 people were exposed to the fallout from BRAVO; 28 of those exposed people were U.S. servicemen on Rongerik Atoll. The remainder were islanders from Rongelap and Utirik who became part of the DOE health monitoring program which continues to this day." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Jonathan M. Weisgall, Merril Eisenbud, David M. Weima, Howard L. Hills, Thomas E. Hamilton, Steven L. Simon, Edward Radford, Claims Tribunal, Wilfred I. Kendall, William C. Graham, Johnsay Riklon, Henchi Balos, Hiroshi V. Yamamura, Ishmael John, and Harry J. Pettengill.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1994
• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 987, Free Flow of Information Act of 2013

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  This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on the Judiciary on September 12, 2013. From the Document: "S. 987 would exempt journalists from being compelled to disclose protected information (confidential sources or related records, communications, or documents) unless a court finds that a specified exception applies. Based on information provided by the Department of Justice (DOJ), CBO estimates that implementing the legislation would cost $2 million over the 2014-2017 period, subject to the availability of appropriated funds. Enacting S. 987 would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply. […] Based on information provided by DOJ, we expect that the department would need to hire about three people to carry out the audits required by S. 987. CBO estimates that it would cost about $500,000 annually over the 2014-2017 period for DOJ to complete the audits and report required by the bill. Such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds. S. 987 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act and would not affect the budgets of state, local, or tribal governments."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2013-10-30
• Territorial Administrative Cessation Act, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Insular and International Affairs of the Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session, on H.R. 3797 to Transfer Certain Administrative Functions of the Department of the Interior Relating to the United States Territories to the Department of Commerce, July 14, 1994

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  This is the July 14, 1994 hearing on "Territorial Administrative Cessation Act" held before the House Subcommittee on Insular and International Affairs. From the opening statement of Ron de Lugo: "The Subcommittee on Insular and International Affairs meets today at the request of several of its members to take testimony on a bill that would make three changes in the way that the executive branch is organized to perform functions regarding insular areas." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Robert J. Lagomarsino, Juan N. Babauta, Leslie M. Turner, Orson G. Swindle III, Alexander A. Farrelly, and Joe T. San Agustin.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1994
• Cybersecurity: OMB Should Update Inspector General Reporting Guidance to Increase Rating Consistency and Precision, Report to Congressional Committees

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  From the Highlights: "Since 1997, GAO [government Accountability Office] has designated information security as a governmentwide high-risk area. To protect federal information and systems, FISMA requires federal agencies to develop, document, and implement information security programs. Congress included a provision in FISMA [Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 2014] for GAO to periodically report on agencies' implementation of the act. GAO's objectives in this report were to (1) describe the reported effectiveness of federal agencies' implementation of cybersecurity policies and practices and (2) evaluate the extent to which relevant officials at federal agencies consider FISMA to be effective at improving the security of agency information systems."

  United States. Government Accountability Office

  2022-03
• Information Security: Privacy Program Improvements Could Enhance GAO Efforts to Protect Data and Systems

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  From the Report Highlights: "This report presents the OIG's [Office of the Inspector General] Fiscal Year (FY) 2021 assessment of the effectiveness of GAO's [Government Accountability Office] information security program in relation to selected Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 2014 (FISMA) requirements. [...] We assessed GAO's information systems against selected FY 2021 Inspector General (IG) FISMA reporting metrics, and found certain aspects pertaining to management of data protection and privacy have opportunities for improvement. While GAO has taken steps to protect sensitive information and prevent data exfiltration, opportunities exist to improve its privacy program in the areas of incident response and training for people with specific roles."

  United States. Government Accountability Office. Office of the Inspector General

  2022-03
• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 761, Energy Savings and Industrial Competitiveness Act of 2013

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  This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources on May 8, 2013. From the Summary: "S. 761 would authorize appropriations to support a variety of activities aimed at promoting energy efficiency in certain sectors of the economy. To offset a portion of the new discretionary spending authorized under the bill, S. 761 would reduce amounts authorized to be appropriated for an existing program aimed at promoting energy-efficient commercial buildings. Assuming appropriation actions consistent with the bill, CBO estimates that implementing S. 761 would have a net discretionary cost of $210 million over the 2014-2018 period. In addition, S. 761 would expand federal agencies' authority to enter into certain long-term contracts to acquire certain types of vehicles and related infrastructure. CBO estimates that enacting the proposed expansion would increase direct spending by $350 million over the 2014-2023 period. Because the bill would affect direct spending, pay-as-you-go procedures apply. Enacting S. 761 would not affect revenues."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2013-05-21
• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 1919, Safeguarding America's Pharmaceuticals Act of 2013

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  This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Energy and Commerce on May 15, 2013. From the Summary: "H.R. 1919 would require the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to establish national standards for monitoring the movement of prescription drugs through the drug distribution system. The 'drug distribution system' encompasses the network of companies that produce, handle, distribute, and dispense drug products. The legislation would impose new regulatory requirements on such companies relating to the handling of drug products and recordkeeping of transactions, and would create notification rules concerning drugs that are potentially unsuitable for distribution. […] CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 1919 would increase federal revenues by $19 million over the 2015-2018 period and by $24 million over the 2015-2023 period. Pay-as-you-go procedures apply because enacting the legislation would affect revenues. CBO estimates that implementing H.R. 1919 would have a discretionary cost of $39 million over the 2014-2018 period, assuming annual appropriation actions consistent with the bill."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2013-05-31
• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 899, Unfunded Mandates Information and Transparency Act of 2013

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  This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform on July 24, 2013. From the Summary: "H.R. 899 would amend the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) to increase the information available to the Congress and the public with respect to federal mandates contained in proposed legislation and federal regulations. Enacting this legislation would codify in UMRA many practices currently required of most federal agencies when analyzing the potential impact of regulations. The bill also would require independent regulatory agencies to perform broad analyses (including costs and benefits) of regulations by requiring those agencies to comply with standards established in UMRA relating to the rulemaking process. The legislation would amend the Congressional Budget Act to establish a point of order, which a Member of Congress may raise, against legislation that creates a private-sector mandate with costs above the threshold established in UMRA. In addition, the legislation would require CBO to conduct assessments of costs to state, local, and tribal governments resulting from any changes to conditions of certain federal assistance programs."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2013-08-01
• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 415, Small Business Disaster Reform Act of 2013

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  This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs on July 24, 2019. From the Document: "S. 415 would make changes to Small Business Administration (SBA) programs that serve areas affected by disasters. CBO estimates that implementing this legislation would not have a significant cost. Enacting S. 415 would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply. The bill would direct the SBA to: [1] Allow certain applicants for physical disaster and economic injury disaster loans to use assets other than their primary residence as collateral for the loan; [2] Provide technical assistance through small business development centers to small businesses located in a disaster-declared area regardless of proximity to the center; [3] Increase oversight on entities receiving economic injury disaster loans; and [4] Report to the Congress on the creation of a web portal to track the status of disaster loan applications submitted to the agency."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2013-07-11
• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 2711, Citizens Empowerment Act

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  This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform on July 24, 2013. From the Document: "Under H.R. 2711, participation by a federal employee, acting in an official capacity, in an in-person or telephone conversation would constitute consent to a recording of that conversation by another participant in the conversation. The bill would require federal employees to provide written notice of the public's right to record a conversation before meetings or phone calls take place. Agencies would be required to include a right-to-record statement on all written materials provided to the public as well as post that statement on their websites. Guidance on those statements would be provided by the Office of Management and Budget. CBO expects that updating preprinted communications with the public would have no significant impact on administrative costs. The legislation also could affect direct spending by agencies not funded through annual appropriations; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures apply. CBO estimates, however, that any net increase in spending by those agencies would not be significant. Enacting the bill would not affect revenues."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2013-07-29
• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 2922, A Bill to Extend the Authority of the Supreme Court Police to Protect Court Officials Away from the Supreme Court Grounds

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  This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on the Judiciary on September 11, 2013. From the Document: "H.R. 2922 would extend the authority of the U.S. Supreme Court Police to provide security beyond the Supreme Court buildings and grounds for justices, other court employees, and official guests through December 29, 2019. The current authority to provide such services expires on December 29, 2013. Based on information provided by the Supreme Court and the Department of Justice, CBO estimates that implementing H.R. 2922 would not have a significant impact on the federal budget. Enacting H.R. 2922 would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply. Under current law, the Supreme Court Police spend about $15 million annually, and the U.S. Marshals Service would continue to provide protection for the Supreme Court justices, staff, and official guests off the Supreme Court grounds when the authorization for the Supreme Court Police expires. Consequently, CBO estimates that implementing the legislation would have no significant impact on the federal budget. H.R. 2922 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act and would not affect the budgets of state, local, or tribal governments"

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2013-10-24
• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 2728, Protecting States' Rights to Promote American Energy Security Act

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  This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Natural Resources on July 31, 2013. From the Document: "H.R. 2728 would prevent the Department of the Interior (DOI) from enforcing regulations related to hydraulic fracturing in any state where those activities are governed by state regulations. Hydraulic fracturing involves pumping liquids into the ground to generate cracks within geologic formations to increase access to liquids and gases trapped within those formations. Because there are currently no federal regulations directly related to hydraulic fracturing, CBO estimates that implementing H.R. 2728 would have no significant impact on the federal budget. The Department of the Interior has proposed regulations concerning hydraulic fracturing on federal and Indian lands. If those, or similar regulations, were to go into force in the future, H.R. 2728 could limit the implementation of those regulations, possibly reducing federal costs. Enacting the legislation would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2013-10-30
• Options for Reducing the Deficit: 2014 to 2023

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  From the Introduction: "The Congress faces an array of policy choices as it confronts the dramatic increase in the federal government's debt over the past several years and the prospect of large annual budget deficits and further increases in that debt that are projected to occur in coming decades under current law (see Figure 1-1). To help inform lawmakers about the budgetary implications of various approaches to changing federal policies, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) periodically issues a compendium of policy options that would affect the federal budget as well as separate reports that include policy options in particular areas. This volume presents 103 options that would decrease federal spending or increase federal revenues over the next decade (see Table 1-1 on page 5). Those options cover many areas--ranging from defense to energy, Social Security, and provisions of the tax code. The budgetary effects identified for most of the options span the 10 years from 2014 to 2023 (the period covered by CBO's May 2013 baseline budget projections), although many of the options would have longer-term effects as well."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2013-11
• Changing Needs of the West, Oversight Hearing Before the Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session on the Changing Needs of the West, Hearing Held in Salt Lake City, UT, April 7, 1994

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  This is the April 7, 1994 hearing on "The Changing Needs of the West," held before the Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives. From the opening statement of Orrin Hatch: "Many of the legislative proposals to advance the development of the 'New West' will, in most cases, significantly alter the way we do things in public-land States like my home State here in Utah. These things are as basic as how to make a living, how to provide for a family, and how to protect and preserve the rights and freedoms we hold near and dear to our hearts. They are summed up in words like livelihood, culture, and most importantly, values. In recent years, I have heard individuals state that the West is changing and becoming more urbanized. What does that word 'urbanized' mean exactly? Does it mean that we will soon be labeling Coalville, Heber City, and Park City as nothing more than suburbs of Ogden, Provo and Salt Lake City? Has our culture 'progressed' to such a homogeneous point that every city, no matter what the size, fits the cookie-cutter approach to policy development?" Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Orrin Hatch, Charles F. Wilkinson, David M. Emmons, Ted Stewart, Ed Whitelaw, Louise Liston, Bill Hedden, Lill Erickson, Gail Small, Donald Snow, Randy T. Simmons, and David H. Getches.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1994
• Briefing by Fran Townsend, Assistant to the President for Counterterrorism and Homeland Security Via Conference Call [October 9, 2007]

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  From the Document: "The President has issued an updated strategy today to help, guide, organize and unify our nation's homeland security efforts. It's worth noting this strategy is a national strategy, not simply a federal strategy, and articulates our national approach to secure the homeland over the next several years. It, of course, builds on the first National Strategy for Homeland Security issued in July of 2002, and is meant to complement both the National Security Strategy issued in March of 2006, and the National Strategy for Combating Terrorism issued in September 2006. It reflects our increased understanding of the threats confronting the United States today, incorporates lessons learned from exercises and real-world catastrophes, and articulates how we should ensure our long-term success by strengthening the homeland security foundation we have built. Since September the 11th, 2001, our concept of securing the homeland has evolved, adapting to new realities and threats. The strategy issued today incorporates this increased understanding by acknowledging that while we must continue to focus on the persistent and evolving terrorist threat, we must also recognize that certain non-terrorist events that reach catastrophic levels can have significant implications for homeland security; recognizing that effective preparation for catastrophic natural and manmade disasters does increase the security of our homeland."

  United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary

  2007-10-09
• Myth/Fact: Five Myths About the House's Failure to Give Our Intelligence Professionals the Tools They Need to Monitor Terrorists Effectively [February 15, 2008]

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  This document presents five myths followed by correcting facts, regarding the House's decision to block "a good piece of legislation that would give our intelligence community the tools they need to protect America from a terrorist attack."

  United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary

  2008-02-15
• President's Statement on Signing of H.R. 2863, the 'Department of Defense, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and Pandemic Influenza Act, 2006' [December 30, 2005]

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  From the Document: "Today, I have signed into law H.R. 2863, the 'Department of Defense, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and Pandemic Influenza Act, 2006.' The Act provides resources needed to fight the war on terror, help citizens of the Gulf States recover from devastating hurricanes, and protect Americans from a potential influenza pandemic. Sections 8007, 8011, and 8093 of the Act prohibit the use of funds to initiate a special access program, a new overseas installation, or a new start program, unless the congressional defense committees receive advance notice. The Supreme Court of the United States has stated that the President's authority to classify and control access to information bearing on the national security flows from the Constitution and does not depend upon a legislative grant of authority. Although the advance notice contemplated by sections 8007, 8011, and 8093 can be provided in most situations as a matter of comity, situations may arise, especially in wartime, in which the President must act promptly under his constitutional grants of executive power and authority as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces while protecting certain extraordinarily sensitive national security information. The executive branch shall construe these sections in a manner consistent with the constitutional authority of the President."

  United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary

  2005-12-30
• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S.838, United States-Israel Energy Cooperation Act

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  This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources on July 25, 2007. From the Document: "S. 838 would direct the Secretary of Energy to establish a grant program to support joint ventures between U.S. and Israeli entities to promote certain energy-related technologies. CBO estimates that implementing the bill would cost $4 million in 2008 and $35 million over the 2008-2012 period, assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts. CBO estimates that enacting S. 838 would increase both direct spending and revenues by less than $500,000 annually. S. 838 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)."

  United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary

  2007-08-17
• Ignitibility of Structural Wood Products Exposed to Embers During Wildland Fires: A Review of Literature

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  From the Abstract: "The ignitability of structural components due to ember attack is a common cause of the structural fires in wildland-urban interface (WUI) communities. To fire-harden structures in WUI communities, it is important to be able to quantitatively predict the ignitability of wooden substrates in response to ember exposure. To commence this effort, in this manuscript, past studies have been compiled and analyzed to identify the knowledge gaps. Key topics are reviewed, including ignition of structures in WUI fires, measurement of thermal response of solid wood products used in residential structures, controlling mechanisms of ignition and sustained smoldering of wood, measurement of ember properties, real-scale and bench-scale experiments assessing ember ignitability of structural components, and surrogate ignition sources for assessing smoldering propensity of the wooden substrates. Existing standard test methods have also been reviewed in the light of their ability to represent common exposures observed in the WUI environment."

  National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)

  Nazaré, Shonali; Leventon, Isaac; Davis, Rick D.

  2021-04
• Airline Consumer Protections: Additional Actions Could Enhance DOT's Compliance and Education Efforts, Report to Congressional Requesters

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  From the Highlights: "GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to examine airline consumer protection issues. This report examines, among other issues, (1) trends in DOT's [Department of Transportation] data on airline service; ( 2) the effectiveness of DOT's compliance efforts; and (3) the extent to which DOT's passenger education efforts align with key practices for consumer outreach. GAO reviewed DOT data on airline service and analyzed passenger complaint data for the 12 largest domestic airlines from 2008 through 2017; reviewed relevant documents and data on DOT's compliance program; assessed DOT's educational efforts against key practices for successful consumer outreach; and interviewed DOT officials. GAO interviewed or obtained written information from 11 of the 12 airlines."

  United States. Government Accountability Office

  2018-11
• Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies [June 2, 2005]

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  This memo from President Bush calls for the creation of an information sharing system between all agencies taking part in homeland security.

  United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary

  Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-

  2005-06-02
• Deterrence: Selected Articles from the Naval War College Review

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  From the Introduction: "The subject of deterrence fell away from the forefront of American strategic thinking during the three decades following the fall of the Soviet Union. Our ability to deter much weaker states by denying them the ability to achieve their aims was long assumed. But today there is a new global security situation that makes it imperative for American military officers and security specialists to begin to relearn the fundamental tenets of this aspect of national security. The purpose of this volume is to contribute to that campaign of learning by drawing on some of the excellent scholarship published in the Naval War College Review during the Cold War and the decades since."

  Naval War College (U.S.)

  Ayer, Robert; Raymond, Jack; Gray, Colin S. . . .

  2022
• Automated Trucking: Federal Agencies Should Take Additional Steps to Prepare for Potential Workforce Effects, Report to the Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies, Committee on Appropriations, U.S. Senate

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  From the Document: "Automated vehicle technology may eventually make commercial trucking more efficient and safer, but also has the potential to change the employment landscape for nearly 1.9 million heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers, among others. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to examine the potential workforce effects of automated trucking. This report addresses (1) what is known about how and when automated vehicle technologies could affect commercial trucks; (2) what is known about how the adoption of automated trucks could affect the commercial trucking workforce; and (3) the extent to which DOT [Department of Transportation] and DOL [Department of Labor] are preparing to assist drivers whose jobs may be affected."

  United States. Government Accountability Office

  2019-03
• What is a No-Fly Zone (NFZ)? [March 10, 2022]

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  From the Document: "A 'No-Fly Zone' (NFZ) is a military operation to ensure that no aircraft operate in the airspace of a defined geographic area. An NFZ could also suppress and/or destroy air defenses in a defined region. Many defense analysts consider maintaining NFZs to be combat operations, likely involving actively shooting down and/or destroying a hostile country's aircraft, therefore requiring rules of engagement detailing how and when forces can engage a violating aircraft. NFZs are generally international operations, and U.S. participation in them entails oversight and funding considerations by Congress. The United States has participated in four declared NFZ operations[.]"

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Hoehn, John R.; Feickert, Andrew

  2022-03-10
• Grade Crossing Safety: DOT Should Evaluate Whether Program Provides States Flexibility to Address Ongoing Challenges, Report to Congressional Committees

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  From the Highlights: "GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to review federal efforts to improve grade-crossing safety. This report examines: (1) the focus of FRA's [Federal Railroad Administration] grade crossing safety research, (2) how states select and implement grade-crossing projects and what data are available from FRA to inform their decisions, and (3) the challenges states reported in implementing and assessing projects and the extent to which FHWA [Federal Highway Administration] assesses the program's effectiveness. GAO analyzed FRA data; reviewed FRA's, FHWA's, and states' documents; reviewed a study of states' selection of projects; and interviewed FRA and FHWA headquarters and field staff, and officials from a non-generalizable sample of eight states, selected to include a mix in the number of grade crossings and crashes, and geographic diversity."

  United States. Government Accountability Office

  2018-11
• Aviation Security: TSA Uses a Variety of Methods to Secure U.S. - Bound Air Cargo, but Could Do More to Assess Their Effectiveness, Report to Congressional Requesters

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  GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to evaluate TSA's [Transportation Security Administration] progress in assessing and mitigating air cargo security risks. This report addresses (1) steps TSA takes to help ensure that U.S-bound air cargo is secure, (2) the status of TSA's efforts to recognize and monitor foreign governments' air cargo security programs, and (3) the extent to which TSA measures the effectiveness of its efforts to secure U.S.-bound air cargo. GAO reviewed TSA policies and procedures, analyzed TSA program data, observed a nongeneralizable sample of 17 air carrier inspections at two foreign airports (selected based on high air cargo volume and other factors), and interviewed TSA, foreign government, and air carrier representatives.

  United States. Government Accountability Office

  2018-11