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• Immigration Enforcement: Actions Needed to Better Track Cases Involving U.S. Citizenship Investigations, Report to Congressional Requesters

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  From the Government Accountability Office (GAO) Highlights: "In recent years, some U.S. citizens have claimed that they were mistakenly detained or removed by ICE [U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement] and held by CBP [U.S. Customs and Border Protection] on administrative immigration charges. Such charges are based on civil violations of U.S. immigration law, but these charges are not applicable to U.S. citizens. GAO was asked to review issues related to U.S. citizens detained by ICE or held by CBP on administrative immigration charges. This report examines (1) the extent to which ICE and CBP have developed and implemented policies and procedures for investigating the potential U.S. citizenship of individuals its officers and agents encounter; (2) ICE and CBP data on U.S. citizens detained by ICE or held by CBP on administrative immigration charges; and (3) the extent to which ICE has developed and implemented policies and procedures for investigating the potential U.S. citizenship of individuals its officers identify for detainers. GAO analyzed DHS documents and record-level enforcement data, and interviewed DHS officials at headquarters and in the field."

  United States. Government Accountability Office

  2021-07
• Violations of ICE Detention Standards at Adams County Correctional Center

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  From the Highlights: "In accordance with the 'Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021', we conduct unannounced inspections of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention facilities to ensure compliance with detention standards. Between January and February 2021, we conducted a remote inspection of the Adams County Correctional Center (Adams) to evaluate compliance with ICE detention standards and COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] requirements. [...] We made seven recommendations to improve ICE's oversight of detention facility management and operations at Adams."

  United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General

  2021-07-14
• CHDS Thesis Series: Can You Lead Me Now? Leading in the Complex World of Homeland Security [video]

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  In this Viewpoints interview, "Nola Joyce discusses her masters thesis on suggested activities and processes to yield more successful leadership within an organization which is required when facing complex issues and problems like those found in homeland security." The Center for Homeland Defense and Security produces the "Viewpoints in Homeland Defense and Security" series to allow homeland security leaders to share opinions on current issues and challenges. The complete thesis can be accessed at the following web address: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=479345]

  Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)

  Joyce, Nola

  2007-10-09
• COVID-19 Working Paper: Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and Pandemic Electronic Benefit Transfer Redemptions During the Coronavirus Pandemic

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  From the Abstract: "The coronavirus [disease 2019] (COVID-19) pandemic led to an economic contraction in the United States in 2020, predictably leading to an increase in the dollar amount of food assistance benefits issued to households. Previous economic downturns provide limited precedent to understand the growth in food assistance benefits during this pandemic, especially considering the speed of the economic contraction and the policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. To quantify part of the growth in food assistance benefits, this analysis explores monthly patterns in combined Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Pandemic Electronic Benefit Transfer (P-EBT) redemptions through September 2020, compares these patterns with recent years, and explores changes in the types of food retailers at which redemptions are made. This analysis uses 2017-20 data from the Food and Nutrition Service's (FNS) Store Tracking and Redemption System (STARS) on the monthly value and store type of SNAP and P-EBT benefit redemptions, as well as data from the Economic Research Service's (ERS) Food Expenditure Series on the value of food-at-home expenditures. Overall, an average of $8.4 billion in combined SNAP and P-EBT benefits were redeemed per month during the 6-month period of April through September 2020--an increase of 86.4 percent compared to the same period in 2019. These benefits accounted for an average of 11.7 percent of expenditures on food at home during the April-September 2020 period--an increase of 72.1 percent compared to the same period in 2019. The share of benefits redeemed at super stores increased, while the share of benefits redeemed at other store types decreased relative to previous years. The value of benefits redeemed online also grew quickly, from $2.9 million in February 2020 to $196.3 million in September 2020. By September, online redemptions accounted for 2.4 percent of the total value."

  United States. Department of Agriculture. Economic Research Service

  Jones, Jordan W.

  2021-03
• BMGF Position Paper on Pandemic Preparedness and Response Financing Ecosystem

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  From the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) Document: "The world's experience with COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] has reinforced the criticality of a new, intensified approach to investing in health security at the global, regional, and country levels which has significant benefits not only for health but also for economic stability and broader security. Across the complex Global Health Security (GHS) ecosystem, there are three categories of challenges for pandemic preparedness and response that need to be addressed through more and better financing alongside other global health needs: '1. Global goods' with significant health security spillover effects such as R&D [research and development] for products and platforms, a globally coordinated rapid pandemic response force, and integrated surveillance, zoonotic monitoring, etc. '2. [']At-risk' financing for scaling up development and manufacturing and reserving production capacity for medical countermeasures,' not just for high-income countries but for the world. This entails pre-positioned financing that can be deployed during a crisis for producing vaccines and other medical countermeasures even before they are proven effective, at a level of risk that the private sector alone can't absorb. It also includes some 'at-risk' financing during non-pandemic times to build up globally networked, distributed capacity that is resilient to nationalistic needs and can be repurposed to target specific viruses during a pandemic. '3. Regional and country-level preparedness and response needs' with clear benefits at the national level but whose positive externalities for health security are often undervalued."

  Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; G20 High-Level Independent Panel (HLIP)
• Nota De Orientación: Protección a Niños, Niñas Y Adolescentes Durante Los Brotes De Enfermedades Infecciosas

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  "Esta Nota de orientación tiene por tanto, el objetivo de proporcionar a los especialistas en protección humanitaria de la niñez y adolescencia dirección técnica y a los asesores y directores de programas de protección de la niñez y adolescencia, orientación sobre cómo responder a brotes de enfermedades infecciosas y garantizar que se tengan en cuenta las necesidades de protección de los niños y niñas durante la fase de preparación e implementación de las respuestas a los brotes. Esta Nota de orientación hace uso de las lecciones que se aprendieron durante los brotes de enfermedades infecciosas a nivel mundial en una variedad de contextos."

  Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action

  Fischer, Hanna-Tina; Elliott, Leilani; Bertrand, Sara Lim

  2020-04-23?
• Spectrum Management: Agencies Should Strengthen Collaborative Mechanisms and Processes to Address Potential Interference, Report to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, House of Representatives

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  From the Government Accountability Office (GAO) Highlights: "Spectrum is a scarce resource that supports vital services, such as mobile communications and Earth-observing satellites. In the U.S., FCC [Federal Communications Commission] and NTIA [National Telecommunications and Information Administration] regulate and manage nonfederal and federal spectrum use, respectively, while the ITU [International Telecommunication Union's] sets global regulations and hosts conferences to update them. Recent U.S. and ITU activities have sought to designate spectrum for possible 5G [5th generation] use and to study how to do so without causing harmful interference to other uses, particularly satellites like those operated by NOAA [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration] and NASA [National Aeronautics and Space Administration] that contribute to weather forecasting and climate science. GAO was asked to review how agencies coordinate on and study these matters. Among other objectives, this report examines: (1) the extent that cognizant federal agencies follow leading practices in collaborating on potential interference effects on weather forecasting and (2) their processes to conduct and review technical interference studies."

  United States. Government Accountability Office

  2021-06
• Reimagining Manufacturing for Pandemic Preparedness: Non-Paper on Public Private Partnerships for the High-Level Independent Panel on Financing the Global Commons for Pandemic Preparedness and Response

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  From the Summary: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic illuminated longstanding challenges in our global ability to respond to pandemic threats, including a global biopharmaceutical manufacturing ecosystem unprepared for crisis response. The lack of manufacturing capacity for vaccines and therapeutics poses a public health risk to the world and prevents new medicines from reaching patients as fast as possible. As the global community looks to prevent, prepare for, and respond to future pandemics, it must commit to a new future for biopharmaceutical manufacturing that reimagines how medicines are made. A sustainable ecosystem for biopharmaceutical manufacturing requires new manufacturing technologies and flexible, distributed production systems that can respond to diverse disease threats at speed and at scale. Public-private partnerships play a vital role in bringing together the innovation, infrastructure, and human capital that make this new ecosystem possible. This non-paper outlines how biopharmaceutical manufacturing must be enhanced and ways the public and private sector can partner to build flexible, multi-modality manufacturing capacity, invest in novel technologies, and advance manufacturing science."

  National Resilience, Inc.; G20 High-Level Independent Panel (HLIP)

  2021-07
• Widening the Framework for Regulation of Dual-Use Research in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic

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  From the Executive Summary: "In the wake of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, the global scientific community has directed increased resources and attention towards the study of viruses and emergency medical countermeasure development. Our analysis of publicly available data on publications, preprints, and clinical trials coupled with the Global Health Security Index [GHSI] measure of dual-use oversight suggests that some research activities raise dual-use concerns that have gone unaddressed. [...] We argue that certain categories of research that receive more attention following a pandemic pose unique dual-use risks that must be addressed by a comprehensive approach involving: 1) a broader definition of dual-use research of concern that captures experimental techniques that could feasibly be translated to harmful pathogens. 2) creation of regulatory frameworks to oversee the funding and publication of dual-use experiments, especially in countries with large biomedical research output and countries where the GHSI has highlighted shortcomings in national dual-use policies. These policy changes must also be accompanied by stronger social norms among grant makers and scientists alike, in order to effectively address biosecurity concerns in advance of the next outbreak."

  American Biological Safety Association

  Sandbrink, Jonas B.; Musunuri, Sriharshita; Monrad, Joshua T.

  2021-07?
• Population Health in Challenging Times: Insights from Key Domains: Proceedings of a Workshop

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  From the Webpage Description: "The year 2020 presented extraordinary challenges to organizations working to improve population health - from public health agencies at all levels of government to health systems to community-based non-profit organizations responding to health-related social needs. To improve understanding of how different domains in the population health field are responding to and being changed by two major crises (racial injustice and the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic), the Roundtable on Population Health Improvement of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop from September 21-24, 2020, titled Population Health in Challenging Times: Insights from Key Domains. The workshop had sessions organized by themes: academic public health and population health; the social sector; health care, governmental public health; philanthropy; and cross-sector work. Each panel discussion highlighted difficulties and opportunities, both internal to the respective institutions and sectors, and at the interface with peers and partners, especially communities. This publication summarizes the presentations and panel discussions from the workshop."

  National Academies Press (U.S.)

  Baciu, Alina

  2021
• Guidance Note: Protection of Children During Infectious Disease Outbreaks

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  From the Aims and Audience: "This Guidance Note aims to provide humanitarian child protection practitioners, particularly child protection advisors and program managers, with guidance on how to engage in responses to infectious disease outbreaks to ensure children's protection needs are taken into account in preparedness for, and during responses to, the outbreaks. The Guidance Note draws upon lessons learned during infectious disease outbreaks globally in a variety of contexts."

  Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action

  Bertrand, Sara Lim; Fischer, Hanna-Tina; Elliott, Leilani

  2020-04-23?
• Can You Lead Me Now? Leading in the Complex World of Homeland Security

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  "This thesis focuses on a theory of leading and the activities and processes used to move a bureaucratic, public agency to a higher level of fitness in the contexts of dynamic equilibrium and the edge of chaos. The main claim is that leading and all of its components -- thinking and sensemaking, storytelling and demonstrating the right ideas, and organizing action and shaping collective movement -- are required for an organization to address the complex, coordinating problems of homeland security. This research is exploratory using the methodology of grounded theory. An in-depth analysis of a single case was used to test a theory of leading in complexity. Descriptive examples are provided of the activities identified in the process of leading. The findings supported the theory of leading and offered some suggestions for leading the work of homeland security. The analysis demonstrated that leading is a process that weaves in a non-linear way from thinking to sensemaking to demonstrating the "right ideas" and identities to organizing collective movement and back around to thinking. It is a process without ends and a process that shows how to accomplish organizational change in the realm of complexity and chaos." A short video interview on this thesis is also available at the following link: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=36617]

  Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)

  Joyce, Nola

  2007-09
• Law Enforcement Mental Health and Wellness Programs: Eleven Case Studies

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  From the Document: "This report is designed to provide an overview of multiple successful and promising law enforcement mental health and wellness strategies with the joint aims of informing Congress, state and local government officials, and the law enforcement field. The report includes 11 case studies from a diverse group of sites across the United States. Each case study shares basic information about the program or agency, a description of how and why they got engaged in officer mental health and wellness, the components of their programming, the challenges encountered, and key findings for replication."

  United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services

  Copple, Colleen K.; Copple, James E.; Drake, Jessica . . .

  2019
• Opioid Epidemic: A Geography in Two Phases

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  From the Abstract: "The United States has been experiencing a drug overdose mortality epidemic marked by the introduction and spread of opioids across rural and urban communities over the past 20 years. The current Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has overshadowed the opioid epidemic but aggravated the opioid problem by hindering access to health services and increasing the number of people out of work. Research on the geography of the opioid epidemic has focused on the association between declining local economic opportunities and increases in drug overdose mortality since 2000, but the link has not always been strong. This study identifies two phases comprising the epidemic and examines their differing demographic and geographic natures. Results show that in the first phase, beginning around 2000 and ending in the early 2010s, drug overdose mortality rates soared among the middle aged as prescription opioid painkillers drove the epidemic. Physical disability is associated with chronic pain, and during this period, drug overdose deaths rose most in areas with high physical disability rates. We found little evidence that the aggravation of local economic problems was associated with increases in drug overdose mortality in the 2000s."

  United States. Department of Agriculture. Economic Research Service

  McGranahan, David A.; Parker, Timothy S.

  2021-04
• Estimating Prices for Foods in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: The Purchase to Plate Price Tool

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  From the Abstract: "The 2018 Farm Bill mandates that the market basket of the Thrifty Food Plan (TFP) be updated every 5 years using current food prices, food composition, food consumption patterns, and dietary guidance. The TFP forms the basis of the maximum allotment for the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits. Current food composition and food consumption data are available through What We Eat in America, the dietary component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (WWEIA/NHANES). 'The Dietary Guidelines for Americans' provides current dietary guidance. However, food price information that aligns with these data are not available, which limits the economic analysis that can be conducted with the survey data. This report details the construction of the Purchase to Plate Price Tool (PPPT), which uses retail or household scanner data to estimate prices for foods reported consumed by participants in WWEIA/NHANES and compares estimated total food expenditure of WWEIA/NHANES participants to other estimates of food expenditure."

  United States. Department of Agriculture. Economic Research Service

  Carlson, Andrea; Kuczynski, Kevin; Pannucci, TusaRebecca . . .

  2020-09
• Resource Requirements of Food Demand in the United States

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  From the Abstract: "Natural resources facilitate production of an adequate daily food supply for Americans. Food consumption in the United States, measured in total calories per day, increased about 50 percent over a recent 25-year span. Understanding how changes in food consumption impact the U.S. food system's use of the country's natural resources requires consideration of many factors. We find that diets, or food choices, are likely to be an important factor. For example, had the diets of Americans who met all the 2010 USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans back in 2007 become the typical American diet of that time, then per capita consumption of the fruits, vegetables, legumes/nuts/seeds, eggs, and dairy categories would have increased, while per capita consumption in the sugars/sweets/beverages, fats/oils/salad dressings, grain products, and meat/poultry/fish/mixtures food groups would have declined. In such a scenario, under the production and marketing practices in 2007, nutrition and resource conservation goals would have been mostly complementary, or synergistic. As one notable exception, water conservation in particular may have required tradeoffs between competing goals, especially for production of fruits, vegetables, and dairy. This report combines empirical evidence of resource use in the system in 2007 with the presentation of a framework for a broader empirical study of sustainable pathways to producing a healthy and adequate food supply."

  United States. Department of Agriculture. Economic Research Service

  Canning, Patrick; Rehkamp, Sarah; Hitaj, Claudia . . .

  2020-05
• Rural Individuals' Telehealth Practices: An Overview

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  From the Abstract: "Telehealth--i.e., health services or activities conducted via phone, Internet, and other technologies--has emerged as a new way for consumers to meet their health care needs. The benefits of telehealth may be greater in rural areas, where remoteness and provider shortages may make accessing health care more difficult for rural residents. Using detailed 2015 household data, the report analyzes three basic telehealth activities as practiced by consumers age 15 or older: (1) online health research; (2) online health maintenance (communication with health providers, including communicating with medical practitioners, maintaining records, and paying bills); and (3) online health monitoring via devices that exchange data remotely with medical personnel. Rural residents were less likely than urban people to engage in the telehealth activities, with 17 percent of rural people conducting online health research, 7 percent engaging in online health maintenance, and 1.3 percent using online health monitoring (compared with 20 percent, 11 percent, and 2.5 percent of urban residents, respectively). Use of all of these telehealth activities increased among individuals with higher levels of education. Generally, use increased among individuals with higher household income, but income's effect varied across the telehealth activities."

  United States. Department of Agriculture. Economic Research Service

  Stenberg, Peter L.

  2018-11
• COVID-19 Working Paper: A Timely Tool for Evaluating Financial Conditions in Agriculture: USDA Forecasts of the Value of Production in the Face of COVID-19

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  From the Summary: "The USDA Economic Research Service (ERS) releases farm income forecasts 3 times per year. At times when conditions in the farm sector are changing rapidly, as with the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] outbreak, it can be useful to assess the likely impacts of recent events on U.S. farm sector income in between scheduled ERS data releases. This paper demonstrates how to use data that is available monthly to evaluate changes in the ERS forecasts of crop value and animal/animal products production--a major driver of farm income. The study found that between February and June 2020, the value of production forecasts for 8 crops in the 2019/20 and 2020/21 crop marketing years--and the value of production forecasts for the 6 animal products for calendar year 2020--were revised down a combined $28.9 billion. These forecasts, based on data from the June World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE), were effective in anticipating the downward revision to the value of production forecasts in the ERS farm income forecasts released in September 2020."

  United States. Department of Agriculture. Economic Research Service

  Litkowski, Carrie; Law, Jonathan

  2021-01
• Report to Congress Pursuant to Section 5 of the Elie Wiesel Genocide and Atrocities Prevention Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-441)

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  From the Document: "The Biden Administration is committed to promoting democratic values that underpin a stable international system critical to freedom, prosperity, and peace. This Administration will defend and protect human rights around the world, and recognizes the prevention of atrocities is a core national security interest and a core moral responsibility. This report highlights countries of concern and whole-of-government efforts undertaken by the Atrocity Early Warning Task Force (Task Force) to prevent and respond to atrocities from July 2020 to May 2021."

  United States. Department of State

  2021-07-12?
• UFO Evidence

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  This document on "The UFO Evidence (Unidentified Flying Objects)" published by the National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena (NICAP) in 1964 was approved for release on April 2, 2001. From the Abstract: "A synthesis is presented of data concerning Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs) reported during the past 20 years through governmental, press and private channels. The serious evidence is clarified and analyzed. The data are reported by categories of specially trained observers and studied by patterns of appearance, performance and periodic recurrence."

  National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena

  Hall, Richard, 1930-2009; Keyhoe, Donald E. (Donald Edward), 1897-1988

  1964-05
• Expanding COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution to Primary Care Providers to Address Disparities in Immunization: Guide for Jurisdictions

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  From the Executive Summary: "[1] Jurisdictions should increase the proportion of vaccines allocated to primary care providers (PCPs) and medical offices to promote health equity and address disparities in adult COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] vaccination; [2] CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] recommends that at least 60% of doses distributed to medical offices be allocated to those located in the most socially vulnerable communities in each jurisdiction; [3] CDC will provide data analysis and technical assistance to support jurisdictions to distribute vaccine and enroll medical offices, with a focus on reaching the most socially vulnerable communities; [and 4] Jurisdictions will provide technical assistance to PCPs [primary care providers] and medical offices administering vaccine, and facilitate partnerships with community-based organizations to build vaccine confidence and access[.]"

  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

  2021-04-14
• Inspection Procedures for the COVID-19 Emergency Temporary Standard

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  From the Purpose: "The purpose of this Direction is to provide guidelines and establish uniform inspection and enforcement procedures for the (COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] emergency temporary standard, hereafter referred to as the ETS."

  United States. Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  2021-06-28
• Effect of Imports of Automobiles and Automobile Parts on the National Security: An Investigation Conducted Under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as Amended

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  From the Executive Summary: "This report summarizes the findings of an investigation conducted by the U.S. Department of Commerce ('Department') pursuant to Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended (19 U.S.C. § 1862) ('Section 232'), into the effects of imports of automobiles and automobile parts on the national security of the United States. In conducting this investigation, the Secretary of Commerce ('Secretary') noted the Department's prior investigations under Section 232. Consistent with those investigations, the Secretary in this investigation again determined that 'national security' for purposes of Section 232 includes the 'general security and welfare of certain industries, beyond those necessary to satisfy national defense requirements, that are critical to the minimum operations of the economy and government.'3"

  United States. Department of Commerce

  2019-02-17
• Opportunities to Advance Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Efforts in the United States, Hearing Before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, First Session, May 21, 2019

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  This is the May 21, 2019 hearing on "Opportunities to Advance Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Efforts in the United States," held before the U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. From the opening statement of Lisa Murkowski: "We have also made great progress on energy efficiency. This is also another good story and one that, unfortunately, is not told near often enough. According to the American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy, energy efficiency has helped reduce energy use by about 50 percent relative to what it would have been had 1980 patterns continued. These reductions are saving Americans. They are saving them approximately $2,500 per year. That makes a difference for our families. We are making progress, but I think we know that we have plenty of areas where we can continue to improve and increase efficiency." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Daniel R. Simmons, Martin Keller, Dan Conant, Jason Hartke, and Bruno C. Grunau.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2021
• Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction's 2021 High-Risk List, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on National Security of the Committee on Oversight and Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventeenth Congress, First Session, March 16, 2021

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  This is the March 16, 2021 hearing on "Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction's 2021 High-Risk List," held before the U.S. House Subcommittee on National Security of the Committee on Oversight and Reform. From the opening statement of Stephen Lynch: "Good morning, everyone. I would like to thank Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction [SIGAR] John Sopko to join us once again as we examine SIGAR's 2021 High-Risk List. This biennial report identifies key areas of Afghanistan reconstruction that are especially vulnerable to waste, fraud, abuse, and corruption." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: John F. Sopko

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2021
• Economic and National Security Impacts Under a Hydraulic Fracturing Ban

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  From the Document: "As directed by the President in an October 31, 2020 Presidential Memoranda titled: 'Memorandum on Protecting Jobs, Economic Opportunities, and National Security for All Americans,' the Department of Energy is submitting the following report on the economic and national security outcomes of a domestic ban on hydraulic fracturing technologies. This report addresses Section 4 (Domestic and Economic Impacts of Undermining Hydraulic Fracturing and Other Technologies) and Section 5 (National Security Impacts of Undermining Hydraulic Fracturing and Other Technologies) of the Presidential Memoranda."

  United States. Department of Energy

  2021-01
• Federal Sentencing of Child Pornography: Non-Production Offenses

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  From the Introduction: "This report focuses on non-production child pornography offenses and provides updated data from fiscal year 2019 regarding the three factors the Commission previously identified as the recommended focus in sentencing child pornography offenders: content, community, and conduct. Specifically, this report analyzes the content of the offender's collection, the offender's level of involvement with other individuals in child pornography communities, and any engagement by the offender in sexually abusive conduct in addition to the child pornography offense."

  United States Sentencing Commission

  2021-06-29?
• Committee Print 112-B: Boko Haram: Emerging Threat to the U.S. Homeland, December 2011

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  From the Introduction: "On August 26, 2011, a suicide bomber drove a vehicle-borne improvised explosive device (VBIED) into the United Nations (U.N.) headquarters in Abuja, Nigeria, killing 23 people and injuring more than 80 others. Responsibility for the bombing, one of the deadliest in the United Nations' history, was claimed by Boko Haram, an Islamist religious sect turned insurgent group based in the predominantly Muslim northern Nigeria. While this attack occurred inside Nigerian borders, it was the first time Boko Haram had targeted an international, non-Nigerian entity. [...] nd most importantly, the U.S. homeland. Historically, Boko Haram has been focused on Nigerian government targets. Until recently, Western intelligence services did not widely view Boko Haram as a potential threat. Even after the U.N. attack, Nigerian experts remain skeptical about Boko Haram's intent and capability to strike U.S. interests and the homeland. However, in the recent past, the U.S. Intelligence Community has underestimated the intent and capability of other terrorist groups to launch attacks against the U.S. homeland. The most notable recent examples include al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), and Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), also known as the Pakistani Taliban."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2011-12
• Impact of COVID-19 on the Local Jail Population, January-June 2020

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  From the Document: "Local jails in the United States experienced a large decline (down 185,400 inmates) in their inmate populations from June 30, 2019 to June 30, 2020, which can be attributed mainly to the COVID-19 pandemic. The inmate population confined in local jails was 549,100 at the end of June 2020, down from 734,500 at the end of June 2019. The midyear 2020 inmate population was the lowest since 1996, when 518,500 inmates were confined in local jails (not shown in tables). The impact of COVID-19 on local jails began in March 2020, with a drop of 18% in the inmate population between the end of February and the end of March, followed by an 11% drop by the end of April. By the last weekday in April 2020, the number of jail inmates dropped to a low of 519,500. By the end of May 2020, the population increased about 3% and was up another 2% by the end of June 2020. The decline in the inmate population since midyear 2019 resulted from both a reduction in admissions to jails and expedited releases in response to the COVID-19 pandemic from March to June 2020."

  United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics

  Minton, Todd D.; Zeng, Zhen; Maruschak, Laura M.

  2021-03
• Examining Next Steps for U.S. Engagement in Afghanistan, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on National Security of the Committee on Oversight and Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventeenth Congress, First Session, May 20, 2021

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  This is the May 20, 2021 hearing on "Examining Next Steps for U.S. Engagement in Afghanistan," held before the U.S. House Subcommittee on National Security of the Committee on Oversight and Reform. From the opening statement of Stephen Lynch: "Today's hearing will examine President Biden's landmark decision to withdraw all remaining U.S. military forces, approximately 3,500 troops, from Afghanistan by September. When announcing this historic decision last month, President Biden underscored that the United States has achieved its primary objective for launching Operation Enduring Freedom in 2001, 'to ensure Afghanistan would not be used as a base from which to attack our homeland once again.' I certainly share President Biden's desire to bring a responsible end to America's longest war." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Zalmay Khalilzad.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2021