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• Healing the Gap: Building Inclusive Public-Health and Migrant Integration Systems in Europe

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  From the Introduction: "The global pandemic has pushed European health-care systems to their limits, with almost 36.2 million reported COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] cases and nearly 750,000 deaths in the European Union/European Economic Area as of early September 2021. But these harms have not been felt evenly. Migrants and refugees have had a disproportionately high risk of infection and severe disease and a mortality rate two to five times that of the native born. [...] This report provides background on and discusses new opportunities to tackle disparities in migrant health and access to health services in the wake of the pandemic. The next section explains why the COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected migrants, specifically the patterns, causes, and consequences of health disparities and the barriers migrants face in accessing health services. Section 3 provides an overview of international and European migrant health-care policies and trends prior to the pandemic. Section 4 offers a comparative analysis of recent initiatives and best practices during the COVID-19 pandemic, detailing Portugal's and Denmark's approaches as case studies. The conclusion summarises the most important trends and pressing questions to ensure inclusive health care, migrant health, and immigrant integration."

  Migration Policy Institute

  Slootjes, Jasmijn

  2021-09
• Syria After Geneva: Next Steps for U.S. Policy: Hearing Before U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, Second Session, March 26, 2014

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  This is a compilation of the March 26, 2014 hearing on "Syria After Geneva" held before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. From the opening statement of Robert Menendez: "We are here today with a distinguished panel of experts to hear their views and to express our concerns -- and what Congress can do -- about Syria after Geneva. At the moment, there is clearly a stalemate at the political level. The Geneva 2 process failed to achieve any forward momentum and fell far short of the goal to agree on a transitional governing body. The Syrian Opposition Delegation went to Geneva ready to work responsibly on behalf of the Syrian people, and Assad's delegation demonstrated their contempt for international efforts to mediate an end to the violence and preserve what's left of Syria. If there was any doubt about the true character of this regime, it was brought into sharp focus when Assad went after family members of the opposition following Geneva. Meanwhile, the barrel bombs continued to drop, the starvation and torture campaign went on unabated even while the delegations were sitting at the negotiating table!" Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Robert Menendez, Anne Patterson, Thomas M. Countryman, David Kilcullen, Vali R. Nasr, and Jan Egeland.

  United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations

  2014-03-26
• Security Assistance In Africa, Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, Subcommittee on Africa and Global Health Policy, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, First Session, June 4, 2015

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  This is a testimony compilation from the June 4, 2015 hearing "Security Assistance In Africa," held before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. From the testimony of Linda Thomas-Greenfield: "Given state fragility, conflict, and transnational security issues, the promotion of peace and security in Africa remains one of the United States' highest priorities, and is critical to attainment of our democracy and governance, economic, and development goals. We are actively pursuing policies of partnership and ways to promote solutions that yield long-term results. In Fiscal Year 2014, the Department of State committed approximately $496 million in bilateral peace and security assistance to Sub-Saharan Africa. Resources are used to support conflict prevention and mitigation, atrocity prevention, stabilization operations, security sector reform, peacekeeping operations, targeted counterterrorism and counter-narcotics initiatives, counter wildlife trafficking, nonproliferation, conventional weapons destruction, and maritime safety and security programs throughout the region. With the overarching goal of helping our African partners, our security policy addresses three broad priorities: peacekeeping and the prevention of additional conflicts, strengthening the security sector in partner states, and countering terrorism and other transnational threats." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Linda Thomas-Greenfield, Puneet Talwar, Amanda J. Dory, and Lauren Ploch Blanchard.

  United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations

  2015-06-04
• Homeland Security Departments Budget Submission for Fiscal Year 2015, Hearing Before the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, Second Session, March 13, 2014

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  This is a hearing titled "The Homeland Security Departments Budget Submission for Fiscal Year 2015" held on March 13, 2014 before the Committee on Homeland Security Affairs. From the opening statement of Chairman Thomas R. Carper: "Providing strong and steady leadership is critically important to the Department and the security of our Nation. Providing adequate funding for the Department to carry out its mission is also vitally important and a central part of our job here in Congress, as you know. The President's request for $38 billion in discretionary funding for the Department makes some very tough choices and cuts the Department's discretionary budget by $1 billion, or almost 3 percent below 2014 appropriated levels." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Jeh C. Johnson.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2016
• No More Hikes: Small Business Survival Amidst Unaffordable Flood Insurance Rate Increases, Hearing Before the Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, Second Session, June 30, 2016

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  This is a testimony compilation of the June 30, 2016 hearing on "No More Hikes: Small Business Survival Amidst Unaffordable Flood Insurance Rate Increases" held before the Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship. From the opening statement of David Vitter: "After the Biggert-Waters Flood Insurance Reform Act was signed into law to help make the program solvent after Hurricane Sandy, many of these people, especially many of my constituents in Louisiana, were outraged at dramatic increases in their premiums. Rates were so dramatic that some folks faced 10 times the price of their previous premium, and even higher in some cases. It was not unheard of to hear horror stories of families paying $20,000-30,000 for a policy that had previously been $2,000 or less." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Roy E. Wright, Kevin Robles, Ceil Strauss, David G. McKey, and Randy Noel.

  United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship

  2016-06-30
• Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2015, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, Second Session, April 3, 2014

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  This is the April 3, 2014 hearing on "Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2015," held before the U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration of the Committee on Appropriations. From the opening statement of Mark Pryor: "First of all, the impact of the agency is significant. Twenty cents out of every spending $1 goes to things that FDA one way or another is involved in. Americans expect that the food they eat to be safe and the drugs they take to be safe and effective. Your private sector partners also expect you to be that; a partner in trying to make those things work and, to those conclusions, in the best way for everybody involved, and, ultimately, the best way for the consumer. And, of course, part of that means getting products to the consumer as quickly as we can but no more quickly than we can." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Margaret Hamburg

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2017
• Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2017, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies of the Senate Committee on Appropriations, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, Second Session, March 9, 2016

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  This is the March 9, 2016 hearing on "Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2017," held before the Subcommittee on Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies of the Senate Committee on Appropriations. From the opening statement of Lisa Murkowski: "Today we will examine the budget request for Indian Health Service [IHS]. I want to thank Mary Smith, the Principal Deputy Director for IHS, for appearing before us today. Ms. Smith was named to the top position at the agency just last week, so we wish you well. The head of the IHS, I think we recognize, is a tough job. It's a critical job for us in Alaska, where all of the healthcare for Native Alaskans is delivered through compacts between tribal organizations and the IHS. Ms. Smith is accompanied by Elizabeth Fowler, who is the Deputy Director for Management Operations, as well as Gary Hartz, Director of the Office of Environmental Health and Engineering." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Mary Smith

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2017
• Fixing the Budget Process and Restoring Stability to Government Operations, Hearing Before the Committee on the Budget, U.S. Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, Second Session, April 20, 2016

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  This testimony compilation is from the April 20, 2016 hearing, "Fixing the Budget Process and Restoring Stability to Government Operations," before the U.S. Senate Committee on the Budget. From the opening statement of Kevin A. Hassett: "Chairman Enzi, and Members of the Committee, I thank you for inviting me to talk about the negative effects of uncertainty and dysfunction in the budget process. In my testimony, I will discuss the latest economic research investigating the impact of uncertainty on the overall economy, and relate uncertainty about the budget to this literature." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Kevin Hassett, Phillip Joyce, and Norman Ornstein.

  United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Budget

  2016-04-20
• United States Assistance for Egypt, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs of the Committee on Appropriations, U.S. Senate, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, April 25, 2017

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  This testimony compilation is from the April 25, 2017 hearing on "United States Assistance for Egypt," before the U.S. Senate Subcommittee on State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs of the Committee on Appropriations. The purpose of this hearing was to discuss the structure and goals of U.S. aid for Egypt. Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Elliot Abrams, Michele Dunne, and Tom Malinowski.

  United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations

  2017-04-25
• Civil Society Perspectives on Russia, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, March 29, 2017

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  This testimony compilation made by the HSDL staff is from the March 29, 2017 hearing, "Civil Society Perspectives on Russia," before the United States Senate Subcommittee on State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs of the Committee on Appropriations. The purpose of this hearing was to discuss civil society perspectives on Russia. Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Vladimir Kara-Murza, Laura Jewett, and Jan Erik Surotchak.

  United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations

  2017-03-29
• Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2017, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies of the Senate Committee on Appropriations, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, Second Session, April 6, 2016

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  This is the April 6, 2016 hearing on "Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2017," held before the Subcommittee on Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies of the Senate Committee on Appropriations. From the opening statement of Lisa Murkowski: "The National Forest System budget activities, which represent the agency's most fundamental responsibilities, get a cut in the budget. And this is particularly frustrating in light of the manner in which the administration continues to propose a wildfire cap adjustment that moves 30 percent of the cost of wildfires off-budget. Now, this has purportedly been to allow the most devastating wildfires to be treated as disasters, while allowing the Forest Service to invest the savings into active forest management activities that your department has long indicated are necessary to reduce the costs associated with wildfire and increase forest health." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Tom Tidewell

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2017
• U.S. Policy and Strategy in Europe, Hearing Before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, March 21, 2017

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  This testimony compilation made by the HSDL staff is from the March 21, 2017 hearing, "U.S. Policy and Strategy in Europe," before the United States Senate Committee on Armed Services. The purpose of this hearing was to, "receive testimony on U.S. policy and strategy in Europe. Since the end of the Cold War, American policy and strategy in Europe have been guided by the idea that Russia was, or at least might become, a reliable security partner. To varying degrees, each of our last three Presidents pursued a partnership with Russia on these terms. And each time, high hopes ended in disappointment, not for lack of good faith or effort on the American side, but because of the simple fact that Vladimir Putin has no interest in such a partnership. He believes achieving his goal of restoring Russia as a great power means diminishing American power, as well as the values and institutions it sustains and defends. Unfortunately, we as a country were slow to recognize that fact. Russia invaded Georgia and Ukraine, annexed Crimea, repeatedly threatened our NATO allies, violated the INF [Intermediate Nuclear Forces] Treaty, rapidly modernized its military, executed a major military buildup along its western border, and interfered in American elections, all before policymakers on both sides of the aisle truly began to come to terms not only with the reality of Vladimir Putin's neo-imperial ambitions, but also with the heavy price we have paid for [...] 'hugging the bear.'" Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Philip M. Breedlove, William J. Burns, and Alexander R. Vershbow.

  United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services

  2017
• Protecting America from Cyber Attacks: The Importance of Information Sharing, Hearing Before the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, First Session, January 28, 2015

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  This is the January 28, 2015 hearing on "Protecting America from Cyber Attacks: The Importance of Information Sharing," held before the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. From the opening statement of Ron Johnson: "We have in this Committee agreed upon a mission, and the mission is pretty simple: to enhance the economic and national security of America. If we focus on that goal, a goal that we all share- whether you are Republican or Democrat, we really share that. And particularly when it comes to this cybersecurity hearing about sharing information to protect our cyber assets, it is also a goal we share. So if we concentrate on that, recognizing there are different viewpoints on this, I think we have a far better chance of actually succeeding. So when Senator Carper gets here, we will give him a chance to have an opening statement." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Marc D. Gordon, Scott Charney, Peter J. Beshar, Richard Bejtlich, and Gregory T. Nojeim.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2016
• Economic Espionage and Trade Secret Theft: Are Our Laws Adequate for Today's Threats? Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Crime and Terrorism of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, Second Session, May 13, 2014

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  This is the May 13, 2014 hearing on "Economic Espionage and Trade Secret Theft: Are Our Laws Adequate for Today's Threats?," held before the Subcommittee on Crime and Terrorism of the Committee on the Judiciary. From the opening statement of Sheldon Whitehouse: "We are having a hearing today that is entitled ''Economic Espionage and Trade Secret Theft: Are Our Laws Adequate for Today's Threats?'' Today the Subcommittee is going to explore how we can better protect American businesses from those who try to steal their valuable intellectual property. American companies are renowned as being the most innovative in the world. Companies of every size and in every industry, from manufacturing to software to biotechnology to aerospace, own large portfolios of legally protected trade secrets they have developed and innovated. In some cases, the ''secret sauce'' may be a company's most valuable asset. The theft of these secrets can lead to devastating consequences. For small businesses it can be a matter of life and death. The risk of trade secret theft has been around as long as there have been secrets to protect. There is a reason why Coca-Cola has kept its formula locked away in a vault for decades. But in recent years, the methods used to steal trade secrets have become more sophisticated. Companies now must confront the reality that they are being attacked on a daily basis by cyber criminals who are determined to steal their intellectual property." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Randall C. Coleman, Drew Greenblastt, Peter L. Hoffman, Douglas K. Norman, and Pamela Passman.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2016
• Understanding America's Long-term Fiscal Picture, Hearing Before the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, First Session, July 9, 2015

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  This is the July 9, 2015 hearing on "Understanding America's Long-Term Fiscal Picture," held before the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. From the opening statement of Ron Johnson: "Today's hearing is the first in a series that will focus on describing and defining America's long-term fiscal situation. Over the past week, the world has watched the inevitable next step unfold as Greece is forced to come to terms with the fact that the government benefits promised to Greek citizens exceed its government's ability to pay. No one can predict the end result, but almost everyone admits that Greece's current welfare model is 'unsustainable.' 'Unsustainable' is a word we have consistently heard from multiple government officials and financial experts in congressional hearings as they describe America's current fiscal path. Few would argue that the current fiscal path is sustainable, and yet very little has been done to address our long-term financial problem. Why? One reason is that basic human nature often leads to procrastination and the avoidance or denial of unpleasant realities. People prefer to be optimistic and tend to convince themselves that somehow they will be able to conjure up some way out of a bad, or even impossible, situation. This kind of 'can do' attitude is admirable when it results in real solutions. It can be disastrous if it prevents us from taking the first step in solving any problem, which is actually admitting we have one." Statements, letters, and other materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Keith Hall.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2015-07-09
• Oversight Hearing: The President's Fiscal Year 2017 Budget Request for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Hearing Before the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, Second Session, April 6, 2016

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  This is the April 6, 2016 hearing on "Oversight Hearing: The President's Fiscal Year 2017 Budget Request for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission," held before the U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works. From the opening statement of James M. Inhofe: "The NRC requested $982 million in budget authority for fiscal year 2017, down slightly from fiscal year 2016. The NRC's safety mission is a critical one, but it accomplished its mission with significantly fewer resources in the past. [...] So what I am saying is we raised the budget anticipating greater activity out there, and that didn't happen. But it is very typical of a government agency to maintain that same size. So we have a chart. What I am saying is right here, if you look at the increases, and then you look at the workload, the workload is going down, money is going up, and this is not the first time in Government that that has happened. So I am concerned about this. As a result of Project Aim, the NRC staff has proposed to the Commission an additional $31 million in cost savings for next year. That is good, but that is not enough. [...] The nuclear industry once again faces challenges in the marketplace, and once again the need for the NRC to be an objective, safety focused, and responsive regulator is imperative." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Stephen Burns, Kristine Svinicki, William Ostendorff, and Jeffrey Baran.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2016
• Assessment of U.S. Economic Assistance, Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, Second Session, July 7, 2016

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  This testimony compilation is from the July 7, 2016 hearing, 'Assessment of U.S. Economic Assistance,' before the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. From the testimony of Todd J. Moss: "I appreciate being invited to testify again and the opportunity to highlight ways the United States can more effectively support private sector growth and economic opportunity around the world. I proudly served in the State Department under Secretary Condoleezza Rice and continue to work closely on global economic policy issues at the nonpartisan Center for Global Development (CGD). I have three points today, drawing on my work at CGD with my colleague Ben Leo. First, development finance, rather than aid, is the future. Aid is the right tool for tackling health challenges and humanitarian crises. Aid has been much less effective at generating broad economic growth. However, when carefully targeted, aid can be useful in addressing specific barriers to business. The Millennium Challenge Corporation model, which uses five-year compacts to explicitly attack constraints to growth, is a great example. So too are the US Treasury's technical assistance programs and USAID's [United States Agency for International Development] laudable coordination of the Power Africa initiative. Yet it is development finance--or the deployment of commercial capital for public policy purposes--that is the most potent weapon we have for expanding markets and spurring private sector growth. When the United States wants to encourage job creation in Tunisia, wants to catalyze infrastructure investment in Nigeria, wants to bring Pakistani women into the banking sector, we turn to development finance. Development finance is the future because of the changing global landscape. Many previously poor countries are richer today and are looking for more than aid." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Todd Moss, Jeffrey Herbst, and Alicia Phillips Mandaville.

  United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations

  2016-07-17
• Hearing to Consider the Anticipated Nomination of Steven Terner Mnuchin to be Secretary of the Treasury, Before the Committee on Finance, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, January 19, 2017

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  This is a testimony compilation of the January 19, 2017 "Hearing to Consider the Anticipated Nomination of Steven Terner Mnuchin to be Secretary of the Treasury" held before the Senate Committee on Finance. From the opening statement of Steven Terner Mnuchin: "Since I was first nominated to serve as Treasury Secretary, I have been maligned as taking advantage of others' hardships in order to earn a buck. Nothing could be further from the truth. During the summer of 2008, I saw the devastation that was caused by the housing crisis when I watched people line up to get their life savings out of IndyMac Bank. It was the middle of the financial crisis and despite the global panic, I saw a way to save the bank. I applied for a banking charter and submitted a bid to the FDIC for IndyMac. On December 31, just before midnight, we signed a binding agreement with the FDIC. They later confirmed that our bid was almost $1 billion dollars higher than the next best bid. We were willing to invest $1.6B into the costliest bank failure ever to the FDIC. We did this because we believed in our ability to rebuild and create a successful regional bank. We believed in recovery for the American economy. Let me be clear: my group had nothing to do with the creation of the risky loans in the IndyMac loan portfolios. When we bought the bank, we assumed these bad loans which had been originated by previous management. Some of those individuals had to answer to federal authorities for their bad lending decisions." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Orrin G. Hatch, Ron Wyden, and Steven Terner Mnuchin.

  United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance

  2017-01-19
• Recent Iranian Actions and Implementation of the Nuclear Deal, Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, Second Session, April 5, 2016

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  This is a testimony compilation of the April 5, 2016 hearing on "Recent Iranian Actions and Implementation of the Nuclear Deal" held before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. From the statement of Thomas A. Shannon: "While we are encouraged by Iran's adherence to its nuclear commitments thus far, I assure you that the Administration shares your concerns about the government of Iran's actions beyond the nuclear issue, including its destabilizing activities in the Middle East and its human rights abuses at home. Iran's support for terrorist groups like Hizballah, its assistance to the Asad regime in Syria and the Houthi rebels in Yemen, and its ballistic missile program are at odds with U.S. interests, and pose fundamental threats to the region and beyond." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Thomas A. Shannon.

  United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations

  2016-04-05
• U.S. Policy in Libya, Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, Second Session, June 15, 2016

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  This testimony compilation is from the June 15, 2016 hearing "U.S. Policy in Libya" before the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. From the statement of Jonathan Winer: "Mr. Chairman, Ranking Member Cardin, and distinguished members of the committee, thank you for the opportunity to appear before you today to discuss U.S. foreign policy on Libya. I have just returned from consultations with regional and European partners to discuss our mutual support for the transitional Government of National Accord (GNA) in Libya, whose challenges include ending civil conflict, promoting stability and addressing the ongoing terrorist threat. Our strategic interest in Libya is to support a unified, accountable government that meets the economic and security needs of the Libyan people. We also seek a government with whom we can partner on bilateral and regional objectives, including countering terrorism and illegal migration which threaten security and stability across North Africa and in Europe. To address this, we have maintained a policy of clear and ongoing support for both the GNA and implementation of the UN-facilitated Libyan Political Agreement which established it." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Jonathan Winer.

  United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations

  2016-06-15
• Developments in Ukraine, Hearing Before the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, Second Session, June 5, 2014

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  This is the testimony compilation from the June 5, 2014 hearing on "Developments in Ukraine" held before the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. Testimonies in this hearing discuss a variety of topics, including how the U.S. should respond to the Ukraine-Russia crisis and how the crisis might impact political, economic, and social relations in the region. Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Jane Harman, Steven Pifer, James F. Jeffrey, Mark Green, and Kenneth Wollack.

  United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations

  2014-06-05
• Changing Landscape of U.S.-China Relations: What's Next? Hearing Before the Committee on the Foreign Relations, Subcommittee on East Asia, the Pacific, and International Cybersecurity Policy, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, First Session, September 29, 2015

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  This is a testimony compilation of the September 29, 2015 hearing "Changing Landscape of U.S.-China Relations: What's Next?" held before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. From the opening statement of subcommittee chairman Cory Gardner: "First and foremost, we must enhance the capabilities of like-minded partners in the region with regard to maritime security, starting with the effort recently announced by Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter called the 'Southeast Asia Maritime Security Initiative'. And we should never miss an opportunity to reiterate our policy, as stated by Secretary Carter at the Shangri-La Dialogue in Singapore on May 30, 2015: 'The United States will fly, sail, and operate wherever international law allows, as U.S. forces do all over the world. America, alongside its allies and partners in the regional architecture, will not be deterred from exercising these rights -- the rights of all nations.' China's behavior in cyberspace has also emerged as a serious threat to U.S national and economic security. Regrettably, well-documented state-sponsored or state-endorsed Chinese activities have not been met with an appropriate response from the United States. Although last year, the Administration announced criminal charges against 5 officials of the People's Liberation Army, clearly that has not been enough to deter further bad behavior from Beijing." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Christopher Johnson and Melanie Hart.

  United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations

  2015-09-29
• Examining Ongoing Conflict in Eastern Congo: Hearing Before the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Subcommittee on African Affairs, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, April 16, 2013

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  This testimony compilation is from the April 16, 2013 hearing, "Examining Ongoing Conflict in Eastern Congo," before the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Subcommittee on African Affairs. From the opening statement of John Prendergast: "There now exists a better chance for peace in eastern Congo than at any time since the current deadly cycle of conflict began in the mid-1990s. A number of variables contribute to this unique opportunity. First, following the Dodd-Frank conflict minerals legislation, consumer pressure, and resulting market adjustments, the economic incentives of the warring parties are starting to shift away from illicit violent profiteering to legitimate trade. Just like with the blood diamonds saga, the profit incentive is shifting from war to peace. Second, donor and World Bank pressure on Rwanda for alleged cross-border support for the M23 rebel group has weakened that group, and rising calls for accountability for war crimes helped pave the way for the surrender of one of Congo's worst warlords, Bosco Ntaganda. Third, the International Monetary Fund's refusal to renew aid to Congo until reforms are enacted provides a window to finally address critical governance issues within Congo. Fourth, the new 'Peace, Security and Cooperation Framework for the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Region', signed by United Nations Secretary-General Ban Kimoon and 11 African heads of state in February, provides a foundation upon which a sustained peace process, led by African partners and the United Nations, can be operationalized. Fifth, the recent appointment of Mary Robinson as the new U.N. envoy, combined with the hoped-for naming of a significant U.S. Special Envoy, will provide a major external boost to African regional peace efforts." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Christopher A. Coons, John Prendergast, Mvemba Dizolele, Ferdinand Muhigirwa, and Federico Borello.

  United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations

  2013-04-16
• #BringBackOurGirls: Addressing the Threat of Boko Haram: Hearing Before the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Subcommittee on African Affairs, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, Second Session, May 15, 2014

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  This testimony compilation is from the May 15, 2014 hearing titled "#BringBackOurGirls: Addressing the Threat of Boko Harram" held before the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Subcommittee on African Affairs. From the testimony of Ambassador Robert P. Jackson: "It has now been one month since Boko Haram kidnapped more than two hundred girls from the town of Chibok in northeastern Nigeria. At the time of the kidnapping, these brave girls had returned to their high school in order to complete examinations that would allow them to attend university. By seeking knowledge and opportunity, they represented a challenge to Boko Haram in the heart of its area of operations. As the world now knows, Boko Haram opposes democracy and formal education. It has attempted to crush the kind of faith in the promise of education and prosperity that families in Chibok showed." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Robert P. Jackson, Earl Gast, Alice Friend, and Lantana Abdullahi.

  United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations

  2014-05-15
• NATO: Reviewing the Agenda and Assessing the Potential Outcomes of the Warsaw Summit, Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, Second Session, June 23, 2016

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  This testimony compilation is from the June 23, 2016 hearing, "NATO: Reviewing the Agenda and Assessing the Potential Outcomes of the Warsaw Summit," before the Committee on Foreign Relations. From the opening statement of Ian J. Brzezinski: "...I am honored to participate in this hearing addressing the challenges now confronting the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the decisions the Alliance will make during its summit meeting in Warsaw on July 8 and 9th. NATO is the institutional cornerstone of transatlantic security. This Alliance serves our national interests by leveraging the political legitimacy and military capacity of its European and North American members. It is history's most successful military Alliance, and it remains as relevant today as it has ever been. NATO's meeting Warsaw next month portends to be its most significant summit since the end of the Cold War. No previous summit in this era has had to address a set of challenges as complex, proximate, and forbidding and as those now present on the Alliance's eastern and southern frontiers. The most urgent of these challenges is the destabilizing combination of Russia's geopolitical assertiveness and growing military power. The decisions NATO promulgates in Warsaw must present a credible deterrent to Russian aggression, revitalize the vision of a Europe whole, free, and secure, and ensure that all allies share equitably the burdens that flow from these objectives. These are three criteria by which to measure success or failure at the Warsaw summit." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Derek Chollet and Ian J. Brzezinski.

  United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations

  2016-06-23
• Economic and Political Future of Ukraine, Hearing Before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, First Session, October 8, 2015

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  This is a testimony compilation of the October 8, 2015 hearing on "Economic and Political Future of Ukraine" held before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. From the statement of Victoria Nuland: "This week we celebrate 25 years since Germany's reunification -- the first major step on our journey toward a Europe whole, free, and at peace. Today that journey goes through Ukraine. Across Ukraine, citizens are standing up and sacrificing for the universal values that bind us as a transatlantic community: for sovereignty, territorial integrity, human rights, dignity, clean and accountable government, and justice for all. America helps Ukraine because that country's success is central to our own profound national interest in an ever more democratic, prosperous, stable Europe. Ukraine's aspirations are ours." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Victoria Nuland, Paula J. Dobriansky, and Clifford G. Bond.

  United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations

  2015-10-08
• CBO's Long Term Fiscal Outlook for the Nation and Analysis of Federal Government's Deepening Fiscal Challenges, Hearing Before the Senate Committee on the Budget, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, First Session, June 17, 2015

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  This is a testimony compilation of the June 17, 2015 hearing on "CBO's Long Term Fiscal Outlook for the Nation and Analysis of Federal Government's Deepening Fiscal Challenges" held before the Senate Committee on the Budget, From the opening statement of Mike Enzi: "Today the Senate Budget committee will focus on the Congressional Budget Office's newly released publication on this vital topic, while across the capitol our colleagues on the House Budget Committee are discussing the need to act on these issues by balancing our budget. Together, these two Budget Committees are restoring order to our fiscal books. I both shudder and rejoice each year when the CBO publishes its long-term budget outlook." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Keith Hall

  United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Budget

  2015-06-17
• Nomination of Jay Clayton, Hearing Before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, on the Nomination of Jay Clayton, of New York, to Be a Member of the Securities and Exchange Commission, March 23, 2017

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  This is the March 23, 2017 hearing on "Nomination of Jay Clayton to Be a Member of the Securities and Exchange Commission," held before the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. From the opening statement of Mike Crapo: "Mr. Clayton has extensive expertise in our financial markets as a highly regarded securities lawyer. For decades he has helped companies access our capital markets, increase their ability to invest in the United States, and grow and create jobs. One area on which Mr. Clayton has already indicated he will focus is capital formation. Capital markets drive innovation and job creation, and access is the lifeblood of our economy." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Jay Clayton

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2017
• Nominations of Richard Clarida and Michelle W. Bowman, Hearing Before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, Second Session, May 15, 2018

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  This is the May 15, 2018 nomination hearing of Richard Clarida and Michelle W. Bowman, held before the U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. From the opening statement of Mike Crapo: "This morning we will consider the nominations of the Honorable Richard Clarida to be a Member and Vice Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and Commissioner Michelle Bowman to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. [...] These positions are critical to ensuring safe, sound, and vibrant financial systems and a healthy, growing economy." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the nominees: Richard Clarida and Michelle W. Bowman.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2018
• Federal Reserve's First Monetary Policy Report for 2016, Hearing Before the U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, Second Session, February 11, 2016

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  This is the February 11, 2016 hearing on "Federal Reserve's First Monetary Policy Report for 2016," before the U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. From the opening statement of Richard C. Shelby: " The semiannual Monetary Policy Report to the Congress is an important statutory tool for oversight of the Federal Reserve, which was created by Congress over 100 years ago as part of the Federal Reserve Act. The act grants the Fed a certain degree of independence, but in no way does it preclude congressional oversight or accountability to the American people. There is broad consensus that the Fed should communicate in a manner that helps Congress and the public understand its monetary policy decision making. How the Federal Open Market Committee makes its decisions remains a point of contention, however. [...] The need to preserve Fed independence is very real, but surely it does not justify objection to any reform. Independence and accountability should not be viewed as mutually exclusive concepts. In fact, accountability is even more crucial given the Federal Reserve's role as a financial regulator. But instead of allowing international bodies to serve as de facto U.S. regulators, the Fed should appropriately vet these rules and answer important questions. For example, are those international requirements appropriately tailored for our domestic financial institutions? Are they even necessary given existing rules? Are they harming our economy or placing U.S. firms at a disadvantage?" Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Janet L. Yellen.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2016