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From Drugs to Bugs: The National Guard's Expanding Role in the National Security Strategy
"The National Guard continues to expand its role in the National Security Strategy with increased involvement in Counter Drug operations and the mission to defend the Homeland. This research discusses the National Guard's involvement as a Department of Defense Agency in two of the Nation's biggest concerns, the insidious drug problem and the Asymmetrical Threat of Weapons of Mass Destruction use within the borders of the United States. The status of the National Guard under the individual Governor's control and the natural link between the military and civilian agencies provide a cost effective means to assist in countering the drug problem and reacting to a weapons of mass destruction attack."
Army War College (U.S.)
Bloomquist, Robert D.
2000-03-15
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Guidebook for Developing Strategic Plans
The purpose of this guidebook is to provide information and a suggested planning process to military leaders for developing and executing strategic plans. The planning process will address how to develop, maintain, and use strategic plans (what needs to be done) and related supporting business plans (how to get things done) within DoD organizations and a process for reviewing and updating those plans in the future. The role of strategic planning is to ensure that the long-term goals and objectives for which an organization is striving to accomplish are the best that can be envisioned today in order to achieve continued success in the future. The strategic planning process presented in this guidebook assumes constant turbulence and change; it anticipates there will be future changes in missions, technology, and customers; and scans for trends that may impact an organization. It assumes opportunities and threats external to the organization as well as strengths and weaknesses internally will continually surface. The guidebook is organized into three parts. Part one includes information and perspectives on strategic planning; addressing its evolution, benefits, and possible resistance leaders may face from within their organization when implementing a strategic planning process. The second part is an explanation of how to develop a strategic plan using a nine-step process. The third part discusses the development of supporting business plans and techniques for choosing key performance indicators to measure organizational success.
Army War College (U.S.)
Vosler, James
2000-03-15
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Enforcement of INA Employer Sanctions Provisions Against Federal Government Entities, Memorandum Opinion for the General Counsel, Immigration and Naturalization Service [March 15, 2000]
"Section 274A of the INA [Immigration and Nationality Act], which establishes employer verification requirements and authorizes the INS [Immigration and Naturalization Service] to take enforcement actions against employers for failure to comply with those requirements, authorizes imposition of employer sanctions against federal government entities. The Immigration and Naturalization Service can exercise this enforcement authority against persons and entities within all three branches in a manner consistent with the Constitution."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
2000-03-15
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Nuclear Security: Security Issues at DOE and Its Newly Created National Nuclear Security Administration, Statement of Gary L. Jones, Associate Director, Energy, Resources, and Science Issues, Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division, Testimony before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Commerce, House of Representatives
In this report the General Accounting Office (GAO) provides its observations on the Department of Energy's (DOE) and the National Nuclear Security Administration's (NNSA) security programs to protect against theft, sabotage, espionage, terrorism, and other risks to national security at its facilities. Congress established NNSA on March 1, 2000, as a semi-autonomous agency within DOE with responsibility for the nation's nuclear weapons, nuclear nonproliferation activities, and naval reactors programs. NNSA was established to correct long-standing management and security problems at DOE's nuclear facilities. GAO's testimony focuses on (1) oversight of safeguards and security programs at DOE and (2) security issues with NNSA. This testimony is based on GAO's numerous reviews of security at DOE--in particular, GAO's recently issued report to the full Committee entitled "Improvements Needed in DOE's Safeguards and Security Oversight" --and testimony presented earlier this month before the House Armed Services Special Oversight Panel on Department of Energy Reorganization. Sound management and independent oversight of security at DOE's nuclear facilities is critical to ensure that security problems are identified, raised to the attention of the highest levels in DOE, and corrected. DOE has recently made a number of improvements to its security oversight. However, GAO's February report to the Committee discussed several areas where security oversight could be further strengthened.
United States. General Accounting Office
2000-03-14
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Final Exercise Report: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant [October 21 and 26, 1999]
From the Executive Summary: "On October 26, 1999, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Region III, conducted an unannounced exercise in the plume exposure pathway emergency planning zone (EPZ) around the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant (CCNPP). The purpose of the exercise was to assess the level of state and local preparedness in responding to a radiological emergency. [...] This report contains the final evaluation of the biennial exercise held on October 26, 1999, and the out-of-sequence school drills conducted on October 21, 1999, including the capabilities of risk jurisdictions to coordinate and provide reception and radiological monitoring and decontamination for both evacuees and emergency workers."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2000-03-14
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Guideline for Preparing a Vulnerability Analysis for Correctional Facilities
"A vulnerability analysis is a systematic approach used to analyze the effectiveness of the overall (current or proposed) security system at a particular facility. The vulnerability analysis first determines the objectives of the facility's physical protection system. Next, it identifies the physical protection elements in place (or proposed) to prevent or mitigate security concerns. Finally, it analyzes the system design against the objectives in a systematic, quantitative manner in order to determine if the physical protection system is effective and acceptable for that facility. The following guideline is provided for use during this process. [...] The scope of this effort will include characterizing the facility and its operation, defining the threat, identifying security targets, determining security system objectives, identifying existing physical protection system elements, and analyzing the effectiveness of the security system, including identifying any deficiencies. This will aid in determining the need for equipment upgrades, or changes in policies and procedures. When developing the vulnerability analysis, the following process should be used. We recommend that a written vulnerability analysis document be developed with the following subheadings corresponding to report sections."
Sandia National Laboratories
Nicholson, Larry Gene, 1957-
2000-03-14
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Starting Date for Calculating the Term of an Interim United States Attorney, Memorandum for the Deputy Attorney General [March 10, 2000]
"Under 28 U.S.C. § 546(c)(2), the 120-day term of an interim United States Attorney appointed by the Attorney General is calculated from the date of the appointment, rather than the date on which the vacancy occurred."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
2000-03-10
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Russian Capital Flight, Economic Reforms, and U.S. Interests: An Analysis [Updated March 10, 2000]
From the Abstract: "Russian capital flight is a longstanding problem with negative effects on the partially reformed Russian economy. Recent reports of Russian money laundering and other financial scandals involving the Russian Central Bank, the Bank of New York, other commercial banks, and even former President Yeltsin's household involve forms of capital flight and have drawn greater attention to the problem. They have been the subjects of Congressional hearings and have focused the attention of Members of Congress and others on U.S. interests in Russia and the effectiveness of U.S. policies. Recent legislation has been proposed as a result of concern over these scandals and Russian capital flight. This report will be updated as events warrant. For additional information see CRS [Congressional Research Service] Issue Brief, Russia: Issue Brief, IB92089."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hardt, John P.; Cooper, William H., 1949-
2000-03-10
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Doctrine for Intelligence Support to Joint Operations
This publication is the keystone document of the intelligence support to joint operations series. It describes doctrine for intelligence support to interagency, joint, and multinational operations. It sets forth doctrine to govern the joint activities and performance of the Armed Forces of the United States in joint operations and provides the doctrinal basis for US military involvement in multinational and interagency operations. It provides military guidance for the exercise of authority by combatant commanders and other joint force commanders and prescribes doctrine for joint operations and training. It provides military guidance for use by the Armed Forces in preparing their appropriate plans. Included in this document are the following topics: role of intelligence in joint operations; the intelligence cycle; intelligence operations; joint intelligence architecture; and appendices on intelligence in multinational operations, references, and administrative instructions.
United States. Joint Chiefs of Staff
2000-03-09
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S. Hrg. 106-572: NATO and the EU's European Security and Defense Policy: Hearing before the Subcommittee on European Affairs, Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, March 9, 2000
S. Hrg. 106-572: The Subcommittee on European Affairs has convened today to discuss the emerging European Security and Defense Policy, known as ESDP, and how its evolution may affect the NATO alliance. Representing the administration in our first panel will be Ambassador Marc Grossman, Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs, and Mr. Frank Kramer, Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs. The second panel will consist of: Dr. Jeffrey Gedmin from the American Enterprise Institute and the New Atlantic Initiative; Dr. Stephen Larrabee from the RAND Corporation and Ambassador Robert Hunter, our former Ambassador to NATO who is now also at the RAND Corporation. Statements, witnesses and submissions for the record include those of: Jeffrey Gedmin, Marc Grossman, Robert Hunter, Franklin Kramer, Stephen Larrabee, and Gordon Smith.
United States. Government Printing Office
2000-03-09
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Combating Terrorism: Chemical and Biological Medical Supplies Are Poorly Managed: Statement of Cynthia A. Bascetta, Associate Director Veterans' Affairs and Military Health Care Issues Health, Education, and Human Services Division, Testimony before the Subcommittee on National Security, Veterans Affairs, and International Relations, Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives
This testimony draws on a recent GAO report on the management of federal medical stockpiles that would be used to treat civilians in a chemical or biological terrorist attack. (See GAO/HEHS/AIMD-00-36, Oct. 1999.) GAO highlights the problems that it found with the management of the stockpiles, discusses the results of its actual count of stockpiled supplies, and provides information on the progress made since GAO's last report was issued.
United States. General Accounting Office
2000-03-08
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U.S. Security Concerns in Asia: Hearing Before the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session, March 8, 2000
On March 8, 2000, the House of Representatives Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific of the Committee on International Relations convenes to discuss and hear testimony on U.S. Security Concerns in Asia. Testifying are Admiral Dennis Blair, the Commander in Chief of the US Pacific Command; Rust Deming, the Acting Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs at the US Department of State; and Franklin Kramer, the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs at the US Department of Defense. Chairman Doug Bereuter explains that "The Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific meets today to examine U.S. security interests in Asia" and that "the first immutable principle that I identified was the advancement of U.S. security interests in the region; thereby ensuring that the U.S. remains engaged, committed to peace, and dedicated to strengthening our alliance and friendships in the region." Admiral Blair testifies to the multiple goals and challenges facing American interests with regard to Asian security, including North Korea, Taiwan, and East Timor. He suggests better military relations with Russia, Indonesia, India, and China as a means to securing peace in the region. Mr. Deming focuses his remarks "on how our military efforts support our broader interests in the region." In particular, he speaks to issues regarding the DPRK, Japanese and Okinawan, Southeast Asian, Australian, Indonesian, and Chinese issues.
United States. Government Printing Office
2000-03-08
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Military Personnel: Preliminary Results of DOD's 1999 Survey of Active Duty Members Statement of Norman J. Rabkin, Director, National Security Preparedness Issues, National Security and International Affairs Division before the Subcommittee on Military Personnel, Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives
This GAO testimony from 2000 addresses military readiness, recruitment, and retention. "Since the end of the Cold War and the subsequent downsizing, the U.S. military has undergone considerable change. Last year, Congress approved substantial increases in pay and retirement benefits for military personnel. It is too early to know the impacts of these changes; they only became effective in January. This year, with pay and retirement increases in place, Department of Defense (DOD) leaders are proposing significant funding increases to improve health care and housing. Some accounts of military life today paint a bleak picture. Reports of declining military readiness and decreased retention raise several questions. What is the level of satisfaction in the military ranks? What is keeping people in, or driving them out, of the military? Is the smaller military being stretched too thin, resulting in long hours and too much time away from home? And finally, how do military personnel perceive they are faring in today's strong economy?"
United States. General Accounting Office
Rabkin, Norman J.
2000-03-08
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State Department: Overseas Emergency Security Program Progressing, But Costs Are Increasing, Report to the Chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate
In the wake of the U.S. embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania in 1998, Congress provided the State Department with $1.5 billion in emergency supplemental funding to strengthen security worldwide. GAO found that State has made progress in implementing the program funded by the emergency supplemental appropriation. State has reestablished embassy operations in interim office buildings in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam and signed a contract to build new embassy compounds. Projects to relocate several other embassies and consulates are also underway. However, the costs to build new embassies in Uganda, Croatia, and Qatar are about $45 million higher than originally estimated, mainly because of upgraded security requirements. State has also made progress in implementing many of its planned security upgrades, including enhancing vehicle inspection and security guard programs, hiring additional special agents and other security staff, and instituting a new surveillance detection program designed to identify hostile surveillance activities and potential attackers. However, major construction upgrades to strengthen security at more than 100 posts are over budget and behind schedule, according to State.
United States. General Accounting Office
2000-03-08
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Annual Firearms Manufacturers and Export Report (1998)
This report covers the number of pistols, revolvers, rifles, shotguns, and miscellaneous firearms manufactured in the year 2000. Specifics include caliber and manufacturer, as well as the numbers imported and exported.
United States. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms
2000-03-08
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Case Study - School Community Safe Room: Wichita, Kansas
"This case study presents an example of a tornado safe room that meets tornado hazards
and design criteria set forth in FEMA P-361(2008). This example was from the
reconstruction of a damaged school after the May 1999 Midwest tornado outbreaks and
background information on the project is included in the 'Overview' section. The following
items related to this project have been included in this case study:
[1] Initial wind load calculations for the safe room.
[2] A sample of the original conceptual design drawings for the Wichita safe room project."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2000-03-07
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Defense Transportation: More Reliable Information Key to Managing Airlift Services More Efficiently
Report determined (1) the extent to which the Air Mobility Command has reliable financial information for managing airlift transportation services and (2) the factors affecting efficient cost control of airlift services. Authors used the Command's cost data to perform our review. Report recommends that DOD and the Air Mobility Command improve the Command's financial information for airlift services and provide better incentives to reduce costs and operate more efficiently by (1) correcting data errors, (2) improving information systems, and (3) developing an annual airlift operations cost reduction goal.
United States. General Accounting Office
2000-03-06
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Office for State and Local Domestic Preparedness Support
"Through OSLDPS, the Office of Justice Program has established a new program office whose primary goal is building capabilities at the state and local levels through a coordinated program of equipment support; training, from the awareness level to the incident command level; exercise planning and support; and specialized technical assistance. OSLDPS is looking to the designated state agencies to provide the critical state-based plans which will help our office more effectively allocate program funding to the jurisdictions with the greatest need. OSLDPS is committed to working with you and your staff to coordinate the implementation of an integrated national program working in partnership with state and local agencies within your state."
United States. Office of Justice Programs. Office for State and Local Domestic Preparedness Support
Straub, C.H., II
2000-03-06
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Release of Office for State and Local Domestic Preparedness Support Training Videos: 'Surviving Weapons Mass Destruction' and 'Weapons of Mass Destruction and First the Responder'
This Office of State and Local Domestic Preparedness information bulletin announces "…the release of two first responder training videos produced with funding provided by the Office for State and Local Domestic Preparedness Support (OSLDPS). The videos are intended to provide emergency response agencies with helpful information that could be used to enhance the emergency services and first responder capabilities in their jurisdictions. The production of the films were made possible with the dedication and support of the Georgia Emergency Management Agency (GEMA) and the Seattle Fire Department. GEMA coordinated the production of the, 'Surviving Weapons of Mass Destruction' training video which is designed to enhance the survivability of first responders during an incident of biological terrorism. The Seattle Fire Department handled the production of the 'Weapons of Mass Destruction and the First Responder' video, and provides the viewer with helpful information to recognize when to use existing assets and resources on-hand within the jurisdiction which could be used to mitigate a terrorist incident and shape a jurisdiction-wide response to mass casualty terrorism."
United States. Office of Justice Programs. Office for State and Local Domestic Preparedness Support
Straub, C.H., II
2000-03-06
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United States Policy and The Islamic Republic of Iran: A Time For Change
"Current United States Policy toward the Islamic Republic of Iran is containment of Iran's opposition to the Middle East peace process, it's support for global terrorism, and it's development of weapons of mass destruction specifically nuclear weapons. The United States has been without formal diplomatic relations with Iran since 1979, when a group of students seized the United States Embassy in Tehran and held 652 American citizens for 444 days. This paper provides current information on Iran's government, economy, military, culture, religion, political process, and presents arguments for a change in current United States Policy concerning Iran, moving from isolation and containment toward engagement and eventually rapprochement."
Naval War College (U.S.)
Constantine, B. J., Jr
2000-03-06
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Weapons of Mass Destruction: U.S. Efforts to Reduce Threats from the Former Soviet Union: Statement of Harold J. Johnson, Associate Director International Relations and Trade Issues, National Security and International Afairs Division, Testimony before the Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities, Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate
To date, Congress has authorized more than $4.7 billion for U.S. programs aimed at helping Russia and other newly independent states reduce the threats posed by their weapons of mass destruction. For example, the anticipated U.S. cost of designing, building, and filling a Russian facility for storing nuclear weapons components has increased by an estimated 300 percent since 1996. This is because Russia's frequent reluctance to provide the United States needed access to sensitive nuclear materials and facilities are denying DOD the ability to confirm that the facility will contain only components from dismantled weapons. With the continuing economic crisis in Russia, a major question that applies to all U.S. threat reduction assistance is whether Russia will ever pay its agreed-upon share of program costs or be able to fund operations and maintenance of the facilities and systems that we have or plan to put in place.
United States. General Accounting Office
2000-03-06
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Fiscal Year 1999 Equipment Grant Application Electronic Submissions Using the Worldwide Web [March 6, 2000]
"To reduce paperwork and improve efficiency, the Office of Justice Programs (OJP) has adopted an on-line grant application process for all OJP program offices which includes the Office for State and Local Domestic Preparedness Support (OSLDPS). States participating in the OJP State and Local Domestic Preparedness Equipment Program are encouraged to submit their state applications through the OJP Grants Management System (GMS). User ID's and passwords state points of contact use to access GMS must be verified by OSLDPS before on-line applications can be submitted. To speed the process, please contact your OSLDPS program manager to review on-line submission procedures, and to discuss related programmatic issues."
United States. Office of Justice Programs. Office for State and Local Domestic Preparedness Support
Straub, C.H., II
2000-03-06
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Office for State and Local Domestic Preparedness Support State Administrative Agency (SAA) Contact List
"The attached list includes the names, addresses, phones, faxes, and e-mail addresses of the State agencies designated by the Governor to oversee the administration of the Office for State and Local Domestic Preparedness Support's (OSLDPS) State and Local Domestic Preparedness Equipment Program. We encourage you to work with your counterparts in other states to gain insight into how the states are both organizing and planning to administer this program."
United States. Office of Justice Programs. Office for State and Local Domestic Preparedness Support
Straub, C.H., II
2000-03-06
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Memorandum: AFM Update: Immigrant Investor Petitions - Form I-829 Adjudication
"This memorandum updates the Adjudicators Field Manual (AFM) to provide guidance on the adjudication of petitions on Form I-829, Petition by Entrepreneur to Remove the Conditions. In addition, this memorandum provides the status of certain other EB-5 matters and reminds all Immigration and Naturalization Service (Service) offices that the Service remains committed to having these complex matters adjudicated by specially trained and experienced officers. The AFM is updated by adding appendices which include a list of frequently asked questions about Form I-829, a model notice of automatic termination of status, and four model Notices to Appear (Form I-862). These policies and procedures are effective immediately and will be included in the AFM in the next release of INSERTS. This memorandum reflects the complexity of certain EB-5 petitions and the INS' commitment to provide specialized training to Service personnel who adjudicate these petitions. All Service personnel are reminded that the 'hold' on the adjudication of certain EB-5 petitions implemented pursuant to the March 19, 1998 field memorandum is over."
United States. Immigration and Naturalization Service
Pearson, Michael A.
2000-03-03
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Information Security: Comments on the Proposed Government Information Security Act of 1999. Statement of Jack L. Brock Director, Governmentwide and Defense Information Systems, Accounting and Information Management Division before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate, March 12, 2000
This GAO testimony covers " the Government Information Security Act of 1999, which seeks to strengthen information security practices throughout the federal government. Such efforts are necessary and critical. Our work has shown that almost all government agencies are plagued by poor computer security. Recent events such as the denial of service attacks last month indicate the damage that can occur when an organization's computer security defenses are breached. However, Mr. Chairman, let me emphasize that the potential for more serious disruption is significant. As I stated in recent testimony, our nation's computer-based infrastructures are at increasing risk of severe disruption. The dramatic increase of computer interconnectivity, while beneficial in many ways, has provided pathways among systems that, if not properly secured, can be used to gain unauthorized access to data and operations from remote locations. Government officials are increasingly worried about attacks from individuals and groups with malicious intentions, such as terrorists and nations engaging in information warfare.1 S. 1993 provides opportunities to address this problem. It updates the legal framework that supports federal information security requirements and addresses widespread federal information security weaknesses. In particular, the bill provides for a risk-based approach to information security and independent annual audits of security controls. Moreover, it approaches security from a governmentwide perspective, taking steps to accommodate the significantly varying information security needs of both national security and civilian agency operations."
United States. General Accounting Office
Brock, Jack L.
2000-03-02
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Department of Energy: Views on DOE's Plan to Establish the National Nuclear Security Administration, Statement of Gary L. Jones, Associate Director, Energy, Resources, and Science Issues, Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division, Testimony before the Special Oversight Panel on Department of Energy Reorganization, Armed Services Committee, House of Representatives
"Since its creation in 1977, DOE has conducted technically complex activities at its facilities across the country. These activities include developing, producing, and maintaining nuclear weapons; performing research and development to enhance energy efficiency and develop innovative nuclear, renewable, and other energy sources; and cleaning up environmental contamination from its past weapons production operations. However, in conducting these activities, DOE has a long history of problems that have indicated a need for organizational and managerial improvement. DOEs history of failures in managing major projects that are critical to its mission have resulted in significant cost overruns, schedule delays, and failure to complete and operate those projects. These problems continue with the recent failure of the in-tank precipitation project at DOEs Savannah River Site after cost overruns of nearly $400 million and a 10-year schedule slippage and with cost overruns and schedule delays with the National Ignition Facility project."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2000-03-02
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Final Exercise Report: H. B. Robinson Nuclear Station [December 7, 1999]
From the Executive Summary: "On December 7, 1999, a partial participation exercise was conducted in the plume exposure emergency planning zone (EPZ) around the H. B. Robinson Nuclear Station. The purpose of the exercise was to assess the level of state and local preparedness in responding to a radiological emergency. [...] The previous exercise at this site was an ingestion pathway exercise that was conducted on November 17-18, 1997. [...] This report contains the evaluation of the biennial exercise and the evaluation of the following out-of-sequence activities: protective actions for schools, traffic and access control points, lake clearing, emergency worker decontamination and reception and congregate care centers. The state and local organizations, except where noted in this report, demonstrated knowledge of their emergency response plans and procedures and the ability to implement them. Only one Area Requiring Corrective Action (ARCA) was identified during the exercise and one ARCA remains from the November 17-18, 1997 exercise, because field teams were not deployed during this exercise. Two ARCAs identified during the 1997 H. B. Robinson exercise were corrected during other South-Carolina exercises: one during the August 18, 1998, Oconee Nuclear Station exercise and the other during the July 21, 1999 V. C. Summer Nuclear Station exercise. Four other previous ARCAs were corrected as was one ARCA from the July 21, 1999 V. C. Summer Nuclear Station exercise."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2000-03-02
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International Transfer of US Defense-Related Technology and Munitions
This instruction implements the references and establishes Joint Staff procedures for reviewing the international transfer of US Defense-related technology. DOD policy is to treat defense-related technology as a valuable, limited national security resource, to be husbanded and invested in pursuit of national security objectives. Consistent with this policy and in recognition of the importance of international trade to a strong US defense industrial base, the Department of Defense will apply export controls in a way that minimally interferes with the conduct of legitimate trade and scientific endeavor. Within the DOD review process, the Joint Staff, in coordination with the combatant commanders, represents the operational interest and perspective of the war fighter. Issues in technology transfer and specific proposals for the transfer of defense related technology, goods, or services are evaluated at The Joint Staff and unified command level from the perspective of providing the best military advice possible to the National Command Authorities and from the viewpoint of the potential impact on operations and war fighting.
United States. Department of Defense
2000-03-01
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Command of Space: A National Vision for American Prosperity and Security
This thesis develops a compelling case for a national space vision to advance the American vital interests of prosperity and security. The first half of paper focuses on laying the background for the vision that follows in the second half. In the title, prosperity is listed before security since it is the reason for exploration and eventually requires protection.
The paper begins with the premise that space is becoming an information center of gravity that is increasingly important to the commercial sector as well as the military. However, a major stumbling block in this transition is the lack of the means to protect on-orbit space systems. Without this capability, true command of space is not possible. The paper then transitions to a discourse on the current dependence on space in America. Next, the quest for wealth and information by the European powers in the second millennium is discussed. Each of these examples demonstrates a recurring cycle in their quest: knowledge, exploitation, investment, consumption and protection. This same cycle is seen in the early days of space where the focus was almost exclusively on knowledge and exploration. Several who possessed a vision to advance space were Jules Verne, Wernher von Braun and Arthur C. Clark. From the early days of space, the transition is made to reviewing a current space system, Global Positioning System, as an example of the promise of space and the current focus on investment and consumption. To make the case for protecting space assets, the role of the U.S. Navy in protecting maritime commerce is examined as well as the current threat to the space sector.
The vision for space focuses on the near-term and primarily on the Air Force. While it is recognized that space is much larger, consisting of the military, intelligence, civil and commercial sectors, to thoroughly discuss each sector is beyond the scope of this paper. The Air Force is singled out since it controls nearly ninety percent of the DOD's white-world space budget and contains nearly the same percentage of space personnel. Fundamental changes are recommended in each of these areas: organization, space doctrine, changing the space culture, professional military education, funding/core competencies, and a review of whether to integrate or separate space capabilities. In addition to these, recommendations are also made for the president and Congress to advance toward the goal of commanding space. The future requires a national effort to master all sectors of space for America to realize its vital interests of prosperity and security. The vision--to command space--is an economic and political imperative, which in turn will require a military capability. It is a matter of quality of life as well as national security.
Air University (U.S.). Air War College
Amrine, John M.
2000-03
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Identifying the Core Values of the City of Markham Fire Department
"The strategic plan has become the road map for an organization's day-to-day operation. Most organizations perform some sort of strategic or executive planning. The critical starting point in any planning process is an audit of the core values of the organization's stakeholders. A values audit is both the key to an organization's identity and the first practical step in the planning process. The problem this project examined was the lack of a workable strategic plan in the City of Markham Fire Department. The project would answer one question: What are the core values of the City of Markham Fire Department? This project was the first step in the department's upcoming strategic planning process. It involved conducting a core values audit of the members of the City of Markham Fire Department. The results would be the formal starting point for the strategic plan. The project used the descriptive method to identify the City of Markham Fire Department's values through survey instruments. The literature review and shift interviews augmented the surveys. Three different survey tools were used as part of the research procedures: (a) The Rokeach Values Survey, (b) The Mitchell Value Instrument, and (c) a values scan. Surveys were used because they were the appropriate instruments for assessing the firefighters' thoughts and feelings on values. The core values of the City of Markham Fire Department were defined as honesty and compassion."
National Fire Academy
Drumm, H. Michael
2000-03