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Authority of the Secretary of the Treasury to Order the Closing of Certain Streets Located Along the Perimeter of the White House: Memorandum for Edward S. Knight, General Counsel, Department of the Navy [May 12, 1995]
"This is in response to your request for a legal opinion from the Office of Legal Counsel ('OLC') on whether the Secretary of the Treasury ('Secretary') has the authority to order the closing to vehicular traffic of (1) Pennsylvania Avenue between 17th Street and Madison Avenue, (2) State Place, (3) and the segment of South Executive Avenue that connects into State Place in furtherance of his responsibility to protect the President under 18 U.S.C. § 3056. Based on a review of § 3056 and related statutes, their legislative histories, and relevant court and OLC opinions, we conclude that § 3056 grants the Secretary broad authority to take actions that are necessary and proper to protect the President. In light of the recommendations of the White House Security Review and the United States Secret Service's unique expertise and special responsibility in this matter, we agree with your conclusion that § 3056 authorizes the actions contemplated by the Secretary."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1995-05-12
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Whether 18 U.S.C. § 603 Bars Civilian Executive Branch Employees and Officers from Making Contributions to a President's Authorized Re-Election Campaign Committee: Memorandum Opinion for the Counsel to the President [May 5, 1995]
"You have asked for our opinion with respect to whether 18 U.S.C. § 603 would bar civilian executive branch employees and officers from making contributions to a President's authorized re-election campaign committee. For the reasons expressed below, we conclude that such employees and officers would not violate § 603 by making such contributions, without more."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1995-05-05
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Chemical Agent Attacks in Japan [May 4, 1995]
"The release of the nerve agent Sarin in Tokyo's subway system on March 20, marks the first clearly non-state terrorist use of chemical weapons. The agent was highly diluted and fatalities were relatively few (10), though the number of injured was substantial (5,000+, with 600 hospitalized). This incident clearly indicates the potential political effectiveness of chemical weapons against an unprotected civilian population. Once a population has been sensitized by an incident like this, even the threat of CW can become significantly disruptive. Some have credited fear of another attack with contributing to the cautiousness of the Japanese police investigation."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bowman, Steve
1995-05-04
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Development of a Strategy for Conflict Management During Fire/EMS Department Amalgamation
"The purpose of this research was to develop a strategy for the management of conflict between Fire and EMS personnel in the Edmonton Emergency Response Department. The research was undertaken employing both an historical research methodology and an action research methodology. Document analysis and interviews were used to gain an understanding of the premerger motives. Management literature on amalgamation (mergers and acquisitions) and on theories of conflict management was examined in order to develop an organizational strategy to provide direction in the development of a specific set of guidelines or tools that may be used by managers to resolve or diffuse situations where conflict negatively affected organizational performance."
National Fire Academy
Williams, Bernard E.
1995-05
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H. Rept. 104-110, Part 2: Pipeline Safety Act of 1995, Report Together with Dissenting and Additional Dissenting Views to Accompany H.R. 1323, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, May 1, 1995
From the Purpose and Summary: "H.R. 1323 reauthorizes the Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act of 1968 and the Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Safety Act of 1979. These two Acts were combined into Chapter 601 of Title 49 of the United States Code during recodification of laws in 1994."
United States. Government Printing Office
1995-05-01
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Weapons Proliferation Threat
Few international dangers confronting the United States have more serious and far-reaching implications for national security and worldwide stability than the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD). The legendary Chinese master of military strategy, Sun Tzu, is reported to have said that the best method of preserving security is to avoid direct battle and instead attack the enemy's plans and strategies. That, in essence, is a fundamental principle of the nonproliferation policy of the United States. If we can determine and understand the plans and intentions of would-be proliferators of weapons of mass destruction, and then frustrate those plans before they reach fruition, we will have preserved the security of our nation without having to confront the devastating power of the weapons themselves. The proliferation of WMD is a global problem that cuts across geographic, political, and technological lines. It involves some of the largest and smallest, richest and poorest countries led by some of the most reactionary and unstable regimes Many potential proliferators are convinced that they need to develop WMD and associated delivery systems to protect their national security.
United States. Central Intelligence Agency
1995-05-01
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H. Rept. 104-110, Part 1: Pipeline Safety Act of 1995, Report Together with Additional Views to Accompany H.R. 1323, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, May 1, 1995
From the Purpose: "The purpose of this legislation is to reauthorize the Natural Gas and Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Safety programs and to reduce risk to public safety and the environment associated with pipeline transportation of natural gas and hazardous liquids."
United States. Government Printing Office
1995-05-01
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Reengineering Defense Acquisition: A Concept of Operations for Waging the Acquisition Campaigns of the 21st Century
The defense acquisition system has earned a reputation of being unable to provide the weapons the warfighters need at a value the Congress and American taxpayers deserve. At the macro level, acquisition is the convergence of five processes--requirements, technology, budgeting, management and operations and support. Micro-management of acquisition execution, when coupled with unstable requirements, technology and budgeting processes, results in a system that is not responsive to the customers' needs. It is time to implement dramatic changes based on a process-oriented reengineering of the entire system and radically improve its performance. To generate recommendations for system improvement, we assessed and restructured the top-level, macro processes associated with defense acquisition--relying on the time-proven tenet of centralized control with decentralized execution. To address current system shortfalls, we propose greatly expanding the role of the joint staff in preparing, planning and executing joint acquisition campaigns. The authors suggest the Department of Defense (DoD) execute acquisition campaigns by mirroring the way military forces plan and execute joint battle campaigns. They suggest process improvements which will strengthen the link between requirements definition and technology insertion. They also suggest altering the budgeting process to enable the DoD to submit a more unified budget position each fiscal year. They then developed a phased, methodical approach for implementing the proposed changes. The recommendations are controversial. The authors are challenging dogmatically accepted paradigms regarding the way the DoD bureaucracy functions and the roles of the joint staff. Before any of the proposed changes can be implemented, dramatic changes in current laws will have to occur. The recommendations are not consistent with either the current interpretations of Title 10 or the law governing the size of the Joint Staff. However, only by changing the current bureaucratic organizations and culture will the acquisition community have a chance at providing the capabilities US warfighters need in the resource constrained environment in which the DoD will continue to find itself.
Air University (U.S.). Air Command and Staff College
Martin, Laura; Starkey, Loretta; Wandrey, Jeffrey
1995-05
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Rhode Island Hurricane Evacuation Study Technical Data Report
"The purpose of this study is to provide the Rhode Island Emergency Management Agency and Rhode Island coastal communities with data quantifying the major factors involved in hurricane evacuation decision-making. [...] the Study provides information on the extent and severity of potential flooding from hurricanes, the associated vulnerable populations, capacities of existing public shelters and estimated sheltering requirements, and evacuation roadway clearance times."
United States. Army. Corps of Engineers; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
1995-05
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Old Buckingham Station - Chesterfield, Virginia
Fire protection issues, particularly unsprinklered combustible spaces, associated with a 4-story apartment complex fire are examined.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
Miller, Thomas H. (Professional safety engineer)
1995-05?
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Selected Annotated Bibliography on Youth and Gang Violence Prevention, Community Team Organizing and Training, and Cultural Awareness Curricula
"This document has been prepared as a resource for youth-serving organizations and individuals, researchers, and policymakers concerned with youth issues. In their efforts to deal proactively with youth violence, gangs, and drug involvement-and to address the opportunities and challenges of collaborating with diverse communities to enhance youth development-many hard-working groups and individuals find that they lack the time to stay current on important literature in their fields. This annotated bibliography deals with this dilemma by providing brief summaries of materials ranging from reports and monographs to curricula, training manuals, articles, and other literature and products. The topics covered in this bibliography reflect the wide array of issues facing youthserving groups and professionals. The original impetus for the creation of this document was a set of expert meetings held in the spring and summer of 1993 to develop a guide to building and training community-based violence prevention teams. Participants in those meetings suggested that a multi-topic, annotated bibliography would meet the diverse informational needs of a broad spectrum of concerned parties."
United States. Family and Youth Services Bureau
Development Services Group, Inc.
1995-05
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Human Radiation Studies: Remembering the Early Years, Oral History of Merril Eisenbud
"In December 1993, U.S. Secretary of Energy Hazel R. O'Leary announced her Openness Initiative. As part of this initiative, the Department of Energy undertook an effort to identify and catalog historical documents on radiation experiments that had used human subjects. The Office of Human Radiation Experiments coordinated the Department's search for records about these experiments. […] In September 1994, the Office of Human Radiation Experiments, in collaboration with Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, began an oral history project to fulfill this goal. The project involved interviewing researchers and others with firsthand knowledge of either the human radiation experimentation that occurred during the Cold War or the institutional context in which such experimentation took place. The purpose of this project was to enrich the documentary record, provide missing information, and allow the researchers an opportunity to provide their perspective. […] Merril Eisenbud was selected for the oral history project because of his former positions as Director of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission's (ABC's) Health & Safety Laboratory (HASL) and Manager of the New York Operations Office, and because of his research into the effects of environmental radioactivity. The oral history covers Mr. Eisenbud's long career, focusing on the years spent founding and managing the Health & Safety Laboratory, his research on radioactive fallout in the United States and abroad, and his experiences with early occupational exposure, especially in uranium processing."
United States. Department of Energy. Office of Human Radiation Experiments
1995-05
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Parameter Estimation in Chaotic Systems
"This report examines how to estimate the parameters of a chaotic system given noisy observations of the state behavior of the system. Investigating parameter estimation for chaotic systems is interesting because of possible applications for high precision measurement and tor use in other signal processing, communication, and control applications involving chaotic systems. In this report, we examine theoretical issues regarding parameter estimation in chaotic systems and develop an efficient algorithm to perform parameter estimation. We discover two properties that are helpful for performing parameter estimation on non-structurally stable systems. First, it turns out that most data in a time series of state observations contribute very little information about the underlying parameters of a system, while a few sections of data may be extraordinarily sensitive to parameter changes. Second, for one-parameter families of systems, we demonstrate that there is often a preferred direction in parameter space governing how easily trajectories of one system can 'shadow' trajectories of nearby systems. This asymmetry of shadowing behavior in parameter space is proved for certain families of maps of the interval. Numerical evidence indicates that similar results may be true for a wide variety of other systems. Using the two properties cited above, we devise an algorithm for performing parameter estimation Standard parameter estimation techniques such as the extended Kaiman filter perform poorly on chaotic systems because of divergence problems. The proposed algorithm achieves accuracies several orders of magnitude better than the Kaiman filter and has good convergence properties for large data sets. In some systems the algorithm converges at a rate proportional to $\frac{l}{nA{2}}$ where $n$ is the number of state samples processed. This is significantly better than the $\frac{l}{\sqrt{n}}$ convergence one would expect from nonchaotic oscillators based on purely stochastic considerations."
United States. Office of Naval Research
Hung, Elmer S.
1995-05
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Intelligence Implications of the Military Technical Revolution [May 1, 1995]
"The availability of precision guided munitions (PGMs) and precise intelligence transmitted in 'real time' lies at the center of a military technical revolution that is changing the ways in which future military operations are likely to be planned and conducted. This revolution requires changes in the functions and organization of the U.S. Intelligence Community. During the decades of the Cold War, intelligence agencies were organized around collection disciplines, e.g., signals intelligence, photographic intelligence, and human intelligence. Collection efforts were managed by Washington-based agencies, principally, the National Security Agency, the National Reconnaissance Office, the Defense Intelligence Agency, and the Central Intelligence Agency. Their efforts were largely (but by not means exclusively) directed towards supporting senior policymakers in dealing with the threat from the Soviet Union. Support to military operations was provided by service intelligence organizations using information that became available from national-level agencies. [...] The Intelligence Community, with congressional support and encouragement, is being restructured to ensure that support to military commanders assigned regional and peacekeeping missions has a high priority. Relationships between national and tactical systems are being rationalized. New surveillance equipment and communications links are being procured. Personnel are being trained to draw upon all the resources of the Intelligence Community to provide real-time support to military operations. There are major challenges remaining, however, to ensure that this process of intelligence 'tacticalization' goes smoothly, that interoperability among equipment used by different services and intelligence agencies is achieved, and that a reasonable relationship between force structure, intelligence and communications 'architectures,' and likely operational missions in the uncertain post-Cold War world is maintained.Some observers have also expressed concern that national intelligence not be neglected as necessary adaptations to the military technical revolution are implemented."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Best, Richard A.
1995-05-01
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United States Code: Title 47, Chapter 5, Subchapter III, Part I, Sec. 308. - Requirements for License
Title 47 describes the U.S. Code regarding Telecommunications. Section 308 details the requirements for licensing a station or modifications thereof, relating to wire or radio communications.
United States. Government Printing Office
1995-05-01
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Guide for Implementing the Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders
"This Guide is a resource to help States, cities, and communities implement OJJDP's [Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention]Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders (Wilson and Howell, 1993). The Guide is presented in four parts. The first provides a detailed blueprint for use by communities and organizations that plan to implement all or part of the Comprehensive Strategy. The remaining three parts provide detailed, research-focused program information on key topics covered in Part I, including prevention, graduated sanctions, and risk assessment."
United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
Krisberg, Barry; Hawkins, J. David; Catalano, Richard F.
1995-05
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Operations Other Than War: A Selected Bibliography
Military operations other than war encompass the use of military capabilities for any purpose other than war. These operations range from peacetime operations such as providing assistance to civil authorities, to combat operations associated with short-duration interventions, to post-combat restoration operations. This bibliography covers materials that address the subject in a general manner, as well as readings that focus specifically on recent operations like RESTORE HOPE, PROVIDE COMFORT, and the Hurricane Andrew restoration. CONTENTS: General Information; Support to Counterdrug Operations; Support for Insurgencies and Counterinsurgencies; Domestic Disaster Response; International Humanitarian Assistance; Combatting Terrorism; Support to Domestic Civil Authorities; Noncombatant Evacuation; Nation Assistance; Peace Operations; and Related Bibliographies. (KAR) P. 2-3
Army War College (U.S.)
Shope, Virginia C.
1995-05
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Impact of the NBC Clothing Ensemble on Respiratory Function and Capacities During Rest and Exercise
This study examined the effects of wearing a modified MOPP (mMOPP) over garment (Protective Clothing, PC), configured with body armor (BA), Load Bearing Equipment (LBE), and M40 CB mask on the pattern and mechanics of breathing and cognitive functioning in 15 male soldiers at rest and during sustained sub-maximal exercise (approx. 600 W). The M40 CB mask reduced breathing capacity 20%, and the PC+BA+LBE components of the mMOPP reduced it 5%. Total respiratory system compliance decreased by 16% in the mMOPP. Thus, wearing the PC+BA+LBE increased the "stiffness" of the soldier's respiratory system. During exercise, the mMOPP decreased tidal volume and increased respiratory rate, a compensation for the decreased respiratory system compliance. Although the M40 CB mask imposes a significant impairment to breathing, the PC with BA and LBE presents a unique external constraint on breathing, which may be more aversive than that imposed by the CB mask. These impairments may be reduced by wearing BA and LBE that are properly fitted over the PC and incorporating, in future designs, enhancements that allow for outward expansion of the PC, BA or LBE with inhalation.
U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine
Muza, Stephen R.; Banderet, Lou; Forte, Vincent A.
1995-05
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Command Arrangements for Peace Operations
"With the end of the Cold War and the emergence of the United States as the only remaining superpower in a world increasingly characterized by disorder, the U.S. has found itself involved in a number of 'peace operations'. These are complex, untraditional missions that are as much political as they are military. Moreover, their successful conduct requires the U.S. military to work with a wide variety of institutions and organizations including foreign governments, non-national political actors, international organizations, and private voluntary organizations (PVOs), as well as the variety of U.S. Government agencies and foreign military forces that are typically part of a peace operation coalition."
Command and Control Research Program (U.S.)
Alberts, David S. (David Stephen), 1942-; Hayes, Richard E.
1995-05
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Radioactive Waste: Status of Commercial Low-Level Waste Facilities, Report to Congressional Requesters
"Through its Environmental Management program, DOE is responsible for environmental restoration, waste management, and facility transition and management at 15 major contaminated facilities and more than 100 smaller facilities in 34 states and territories. These facilities encompass a wide range of environmental problems, including more than 7,000 locations where radioactive or hazardous materials were released into the environment, almost 200 tanks containing high-level radioactive waste from nuclear weapons production, some of which have leaked or could explode, and 7,000 production facilities that are now idled and in need of deactivation, decontamination, and decommissioning."
United States. Government Accountability Office
1995-05
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Profile Series China: Family Planning Policy and Practice in the People's Republic of China
"China's family planning program represents one of the world's most comprehensive and controversial efforts to achieve rapid population stabilization. China experts differ in their assessment of the extent of coercion in the family planning program. There is general agreement, however, on the use of coercion in parts of China, including Fujian province. A recent informal review of asylum applications by the U.S. Department of State's Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor reported that approximately 75 per cent of Chinese asylum seekers come from Fujian Province. In view of this, available information pertaining specifically to the family planning program in Fujian Province has been included in this report."
United States. Immigration and Naturalization Service; INS Resource Information Center
1995-05
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Toxicology Terrorism: Nerve Gas Technology Use
"Recently, a new chapter was started in the handbook of terror involving the application of nerve gas technology to the killing of civilians. On March 19, a terrorist attack in a Tokyo subway resulted in the loss of 10 lives and injury to over 5,000 others. In view of the lethality of the suspected agent, sarin, the fatalities were surprisingly few. Terrorist attacks on civilians are not new, but what was unique about this particular attack was the use of a nerve agent instead of the customary conventional weapons. The possibility that nerve agents can be used against a vulnerable civilian population is alarming. A new era has begun, and we would be remiss if we did not learn from this one attack and take steps to prepare for the next. There is no doubt that those involved in the use of terror will learn from their mistakes and become more effective in their deployment of these horrific weapons. From a public perspective there are several questions that must be urgently addressed. What can we do to prevent such attacks and how do we respond if such an attack should occur? Can we prevent terrorist organizations from making nerve agents? How do we prevent them from delivering these agents to their targets? Is there anything that we as a society can do to protect ourselves in the event of a gas attack? How do we minimize our vulnerability? How do we respond to an attack?"
National Institutes of Health (U.S.)
Hook, Gary E. R
1995-05
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Report on Activities and Programs for Countering Proliferation, 1995
In the 1995 National Defense Authorization Act, Congress directed that a
Counterproliferation Program Review Committee (CPRC) be established, chaired by the Secretary of Defense, and composed of the Secretary of Energy (as Vice Chairman), the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI), and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS). The Committee was instructed to review activities related to countering proliferation within the represented agencies and, based on that review, make recommendations relative to modifications in such programs required to address shortfalls in existing and programmed capabilities. The
CPRC was also tasked to assess progress of the represented agencies toward implementing the recommendations of its predecessor, the Nonproliferation Program Review Committee (NPRC), as summarized in its May 1994 Report to Congress. This report presents the findings and recommendations of the CPRC. The results are summarized below and provided in detail in the main body and appendices of the report. The recommendations of the 1994 NPRC report constitute an integrated, top level plan to improve the overall capability of the United States in countering the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Although it will take a period of years to implement all of the NPRC recommendations, the represented organizations have taken a number of actions since the report was submitted. The CPRC can report that progress has been made over the past year in many areas leading toward a strengthening of U.S. capabilities for countering proliferation. This strengthening includes implementing initiatives that will lead to rapid fielding of essential
capabilities and improved integration, management, and oversight of programs related to countering proliferation.
United States. Counterproliferation Program Review Committee
1995-05
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Radical Responses to Radical Regimes: Evaluating Preemptive Counter-Proliferation
"On December 7, 1993, Secretary of Defense Les Aspin announced that the United States was adding a military dimension to its fight to prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction (WMD). The new program, called the Counter-Proliferation Initiative (CPI), provides funding to prepare for combating foes with nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) and missile weapons on future battlefields, improves monitoring for locating rival NBC/missile programs, improves theater defenses, and develops weapons capable of penetrating and destroying underground facilities. U.S. efforts will include a diplomatic offensive to persuade U.S. allies to take similar counter-proliferation steps. The central thrust of the CPI is to prepare U.S. and allied forces for dealing with future enemies on the battlefield who are armed with weapons of mass destruction. An important secondary thrust of the CPI is to provide the Commander-in-Chief with the tools to disarm an adversary unilaterally if necessary, before the adversary can initiate the use of WMD in situations where we are on a collision course with such an enemy and no alternative course seems feasible."
National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies
Schneider, Barry R.
1995-05
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Research Paper: Immigrant Quality and Assimilation: A Review of the Literature
This review summarizes the conclusions reached by recent studies of immigration to the United States. The central questions that motivate this literature are: How has the character of immigrants changed over time? How have these immigrants been assimilated and performed economically in the United States? What demands have immigrants placed on public services and income transfer programs? What consequences have immigrants had for native-born workers? These questions span a large field of study, and references and discussion of major issues of interpretation and uncertainty are of selective necessity. The first section of this paper discusses how characteristics of cohorts of immigrants that enter the United States at different times can be compared, both with earlier or later immigrants and with native-born Americans. The second section describes the conclusions from studies that attempt to quantify the assimilation process, where the standard practice is to compare the economic productivity or earnings of immigrant and native workers, although consideration of how well the children of the immigrants are assimilated might bring us closer to the long-run effects of immigration. Section three discusses the social consequences of legal and illegal immigration and the unresolved problems we have in assessing these consequences from local labor market studies. Finally, the characteristics and assimilation of immigrants can be affected by immigration policies that can emphasize family reunification or skill-based selection of immigrants or humanitarian assistance to refugees. Policies that reduce the flow of legal immigration can also influence the flow of illegal immigration to those seeking a refugee status. A final section recapitulates the findings.
U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform
Schultz, T. Paul
1995-05
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Mission Need Statement (MNS) for Global Command and Control System (GCCS)
This MNS is intended to be one of several within the C4I for the Warrior Concept (C4IFTW) and defines the C4I capability that must exist from the National Command Authorities (NCA) to the CINCs; between the supported and supporting CINCs; from the supported CINC to the Commander Joint Task Force (CJTF); and from the CJTF to the component commands. This MNS states a required need for selected common functionality between the combatant commands, Services, and agencies which will allow interconnecting to the theater and task force level communications infrastructures. Requirements include information pull, collaborative planning, and teleconferencing.
United States. Department of Defense. Office of the Secretary of Defense
1995-05
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Area Handbook Series: Belarus and Moldova - Country Studies
At the end of 1991, the formal liquidation of the Soviet Union was the surprisingly swift result of partially hidden decrepitude and centrifugal forces within that empire. Of the fifteen 'new' states that emerged from the process, many had been independent political entities at some time in the past. Aside from their coverage in the 1991 Soviet Union: A Country Study, none had received individual treatment in this series, however. Belarus and Moldova: Country Studies is the second in a new subseries describing the fifteen post- Soviet republics, both as they existed before and during the Soviet era and as they have developed since 1991. This volume covers Belarus and Moldova, two nations on the western border of what was once the Soviet Union. The marked relaxation of information restrictions, which began in the late 1980s and accelerated after 1991, allows the reporting of extensive data on every aspect of life in the two countries. Scholarly articles and periodical reports have been especially helpful in accounting for the years of independence in the 1990s. The authors have described the historical, political, and social backgrounds of the countries as the background for their current portraits. However, in general, both Belarus and Moldova (especially the former) have been written about to a lesser extent than other former Soviet republics. In each case, the authors' goal in this book was to provide a compact, accessible, and objective treatment of five main topics: historical setting, the society and its environment, the economy, government and politics, and national security.
Library of Congress. Federal Research Division
1995-05
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International Energy Outlook 1995
"The report begins with a look at the worldwide trends associated with energy consumption. The historical time frame has been expanded from previous reports to incorporate data from 1970. The longer time span provides readers with a better historical context for the projections. The environment remains an important focus internationally as nations attempt to stabilize carbon emissions at their 1990 levels as agreed upon at the June 1992 United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. World carbon emissions attributable to fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal) were computed as part of EIA's[Energy Information Administration] international model, the World Energy Projection System (WEPS), which is described in Appendix B of this report. As is true for energy consumption, the time frame for carbon emissions includes historical data from 1970. The remainder of the report is organized by energy source. Regional consumption projections for oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear power, hydroelectric and other renewable energy (geothermal, solar, biomass, wind, and other renewable sources), and electricity are discussed. Several chapters feature discussions on North America, important regionally because of Mexico's acceptance into the OECD and because of the potential impact of the recent North American Free Trade Agreement."
United States. Energy Information Administration
1995-05
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Koreapolitik
"Security agreements between North and South Korea have had a disconcerting tendency to break down within a short time, and the confidence-building that should result from implementation of these agreements has never been achieved. The Basic Agreement between North and South Korea, which took effect in 1992, provided a partial blueprint for achieving broad restructuring of security relations and a more stable order in Northeast Asia. The ROK Government has repeatedly declared its readiness to resume discussions with North Korea to advance the unfinished agenda defined in the Basic Agreement and the Denuclearization Agreement, each of which provides much that could contribute to a peace system in the Korean peninsula. One obstacle to progress has been North Korea's insistence that a peace treaty to replace the 1953 armistice agreement should be negotiated between North Korea and the United States. The South Korean and U.S. governments have insisted that a peace treaty should be negotiated between North and South Korea. A peace system based on agreements codifying certain security arrangements would be the most feasible next step toward lasting peace in the Korean peninsula. Peace and stability could be promoted through a series of interrelated measures that would be the functional equivalent of a peace treaty. Both North and South Koreans have spoken of a "peace system" and both sides share some similar ideas about the contents of such a system. The United States also would be very much engaged in one aspect the regulation of arms and armed forces in the Korean peninsula. Furthermore, a commission similar to the South-North Joint Military Commission established in the Basic Agreement would be authorized to deal with compliance questions. This would require examination of the continued relevance of the Military Armistice Commission and the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission, as well as other arrangements established by the 1953 armistice agreement."
National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies
Goodby, James E.
1995-05
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DoD Directive 1400.31: DoD Civilian Work Force Contingency and Emergency Planning and Execution
This Directives reissues reference DoD directive 1400.31, "Mobilization Management of the DoD civilian Work Force, " September 9, 1986 to update and establish DoD policies, and assigns responsibilities for implementing this Directive under the statutory authority for emergency planning and preparedness, and management functions of the DoD civilian work force.
United States. Department of Defense
1995-04-28
