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Analysis Report on Firefighter Fatalities [1993]
"The purpose of this study is to analyze the circumstances surrounding firefighter fatalities in the United States in 1993 in an attempt to identify potential means for reducing the number of deaths that occur each year. In addition to the 1993 findings, this study will also include special analyses of particular recurring scenarios, using NFPA's [National Fire Protection Association] data base of fire fighter fatalities from 1984 through 1993."
United States Fire Administration
1994-08
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Energy and Technology Review (August-September 1994)
This journal features articles on materials by computer design, using computers to build better computers, modeling large molecular systems, massively parallel computing crada , designing better microelectronics devices, nanotribology, material surfaces and interfaces and predicting the structural and electronic properties of scintillators.
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Bookless, William A.
1994-08
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Training Reference for Oil Spill Response
"In order to assist companies in meeting their regulatory responsibilities to develop training programs for their personnel, the four agencies have developed this training reference manual for oil spill response. The contents provide a foundation of suggested subject material for training personnel with responsibilities identified in response plans. Subject material is provided for each of the key individuals or groups of people required to be identified in response plans as well as for worker health and safety as follows: Qualified individual (Section 3); Spill Management Team (Section 4); Vessel Personnel (Section 5); Facility Personnel (Section 6); Oil Spill Removal Organizations (Section 7); Worker Health and Safety (Section 8). The training elements included are not intended to be a "cookbook" providing a complete training program of lesson plans to cover all subject areas. Rather, they are intended to be a foundation upon which individual companies may build training to suit their needs."
United States. Environmental Protection Agency; United States. Department of Transportation; United States. Coast Guard . . .
1994-08
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Assessment of Damage to Residential Buildings Caused by the Northridge Earthquake
"This report presents the findings of a damage assessment survey of the Northridge earthquake. The primary purpose is to provide a statistically-based representation of the seismic performance of residential construction relative to local construction characteristics. In addition, case studies of more extreme failures provide insight into the causes of life-threatening performance problems. The Northridge Earthquake occurred at 4:31 a.m. on January 17, 1994. Its epicenter was located in a densely populated area of Los Angeles county near the community of Northridge. Over 30 deaths were reported as a direct result of the tremor, and a total death toll of 58 was attributed to both direct and indirect causes. Current estimates of the severity of this earthquake place it at a magnitude of ML= 6.4 on the Richter scale (Mw=6.7 and Ms=6.8). Uncorrected peak horizontal ground accelerations were recorded at 0.9g near the epicenter and varied from 0.1g to 1.8g at specific nearfield locations. In terms of the effective peak horizontal ground accelerations, the 475 year return period design estimate of 0.4 g was exceeded by a factor of 1.5 to 2 at several locations. A large 'pulse' of ground movement produced during the 15 and 20 second duration by this earthquake is among the worst recorded in U.S. history. Large ground movements from the earthquake were felt as far away as Las Vegas."
United States. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Office of Policy Development and Research
NAHB Research Center
1994-07-30
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Conventional Arms Transfers to the Third World, 1986-1993 [July 29, 1994]
"The Third World continues to be the primary focus of foreign arms sales activity by weapons suppliers. During the years 1986-1993, the value of arms transfer agreements with the Third World comprised 71.7% of all such agreements worldwide. In 1993, the value of arms transfer agreements with the Third World constituted 64.2% of all arms transfer agreements worldwide. The value of all arms transfer agreements with the Third World in 1993 was $20.4 billion. This was by far the lowest yearly total, calculated in either nominal or real terms, for any of the years during the 1986-1993 period. The general decline in the value of new arms transfer agreements with the Third World seen in recent years was dramatically reversed in 1990 as the result of major new arms agreements related to the Gulf War. However, in 1991 the pattern of overall decline in the value of arms transfer agreements with the Third World resumed in an equally dramatic fashion. This pattern of decline continued in 1993. At the same time, in 1993 the value of all arms deliveries to the Third World ($15 billion) was the lowest total, in nominal and real terms, by a substantial margin for any year during the 1986-1993 period. This is the sixth consecutive year since 1987 that the value of all arms deliveries to the Third World dropped significantly. The United States has become the predominant arms supplier to the Third World since the Cold War's end. During the 1990-1993 period, the United States accounted for 52.2% of the value of all arms transfer agreements with the Third World."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Grimmett, Richard F.
1994-07-29
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Mutual Consent Provisions in the Guam Commonwealth Legislation: Memorandum Opinion for the Special Representative for Guam Commonwealth [July 28, 1994]
"The Guam Commonwealth Bill, H.R. 1521, 103d Cong., 1st Sess. (1993) contains two sections requiring the mutual consent of the Government of the United States and the Government of Guam. Section 103 provides that the Commonwealth Act could be amended only with mutual consent of the two governments. Section 202 provides that no Federal laws, rules, and regulations passed after the enactment of the Commonwealth Act would apply to Guam without the mutual consent of the two governments. The Representatives of Guam insist that these two sections are crucial for the autonomy and economy of Guam. The former views of this Office on the validity or efficacy of mutual consent requirements included in legislation governing the relationship between the federal government and non-state areas, i.e. areas under the sovereignty of the United States that are not States, have not been consistent. We therefore have carefully reexamined this issue. Our conclusion is that these clauses raise serious constitutional issues and are legally unenforceable."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1994-07-28
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Space Operations
This Air Force Instruction (AFI) implements Air Force Policy Directive (AFPD) 10-12, "Space". It provides broad level instruction on the conduct of space operations to Air Force Space Command (AFSPC), Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC), Air Education and Training Command (AETC), Air Mobility Command (AMC), Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC), and Air Combat Command (ACC), Pacific Air Forces (PACAF), and United States Air Forces Europe (USAFE). Users should send comments and suggested improvements on an AF Form 847. This is a new instruction that aligns with AFPD 10-12. It summarizes the missions associated with space operations and provides instructions to Air Force MAJCOMs to ensure space operations enhance air combat operations and strategic defense operations.
United States. Department of the Air Force
1994-07-25
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Revolution in Military Affairs and Conflict Short of War
"Although much of the examination of the Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) has focused on mid- or high-intensity conflict, the authors examine the potential impact of an RMA in that portion of the spectrum of conflict between peace and war. They conclude that while the impact of purely military innovation will always be less in conflict short of war than in conventional warfare, nonetheless there may be utility in applying emerging technology and new operational concepts in that arena. They caution, however, that risks are associated with the pursuit of revolutionary change, and that seeking an RMA in conflict short of war could demand fundamental changes in American attitudes and values."
Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
Kievit, James; Metz, Steven, 1956-
1994-07-25
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Surveillance for Emergency Events Involving Hazardous Substances -- United States, 1990-1992
This report describes the public health consequences of events reported to the HSEES [Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance] system from January 1990 through December 1992 and indicates that not enough information was being collected to determine the public health consequences of emergency events involving hazardous substances. LLIS Core Capability: Public Health
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
1994-07-22?
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Whither the RMA: Two Perspectives on Tomorrow's Army
"The authors present two different views of the Army's future. One author contends that the Army will be shaped by domestic concerns as much as by external threats, and that military power will remain a dominant factor in determining the status of nations. The other holds that doctrines will provide the basis for force structure, training, and weapons acquisition, and that the Army's ability to stay intellectually ahead of the technology will be, perhaps, its greatest challenge in the next century. Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) , Domestic concerns, External threats, Economic power, Military power, International relations, Technology."
Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
Bracken, Paul J.; Alcala, Raoul H.
1994-07-22
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Responding to Terrorism Across the Technological Spectrum
In April 1994, the Army War College's Strategic Studies Institute held its annual Strategy Conference. Dr. Bruce Hoffman presented this paper as part of a panel examining "New Technologies and New Threats." Terrorism, of course, is not new. Hoffman warns, however, of the changing nature of terrorism. In the past, terrorists have been motivated by limited political and ideological objectives. Popular images fostered by terrorist events like the bombing of PAN AM Flight 103 and the attack on the Marine Barracks in Beirut notwithstanding, in the past the preponderance of terrorist attacks targeted specific individuals or small groups. The weapons of choice were the pistol, knife, and, on occasion, dynamite. Often the terrorist was a highly-trained individual, a "professional" in pursuit of specific political or ideological objectives. Hoffman warns that, by comparison, the terrorists of today and tomorrow are amateurs. Furthermore, they are likely to act from religious and racial convictions rather than radical political or ideological motivations. Their objective may be to kill large numbers of people. Indeed, they may want to annihilate an entire race or religious group. Not only are these amateurs less predictable and, therefore, more difficult to apprehend before the incident occurs, they have at their disposal lethal devices that range from the relatively simple fertilizer bomb to biologically-altered viruses. Military professionals and civilian planners must contend with warfare at every level. The threat posed by the changing nature of terrorism falls very much within their purview.
Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
Hoffman, Bruce, 1954-
1994-07-15
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Constitutionality of Legislation Extending the Terms of Office of United States Prole Commissioners: Memorandum for the Deputy Attorney General [July 15, 1994]
"You have asked for our opinion as to whether Pub. L. 101-650, § 316, which extends the terms of United States Parole Commissioners to November 1, 1997, violates the Appointments Clause of the Constitution. […] We conclude that it does not. The United States Parole Commission ('Parole Commission') is an 'independent agency in the Department of Justice,' 18 U.S.C. § 4202, and is vested with authority to establish the organizational structure for receiving, hearing, and deciding requests for parole; to grant or deny an application for parole; to impose reasonable conditions on an order granting parole; to modify or revoke an order paroling any prisoner; to request probation officers and any other appropriate individuals or entities to assist or supervise parolees; and to issue rules and regulations for effectuating these powers. Id. § 4203. In addition, the Chairman of the Parole Commission has the authority to appoint and fix the compensation of the Parole Commission's employees, including hearing officers, to assign duties among officers and employees of the Parole Commission, and to otherwise administer the Parole Commission. […] The Parole Commission comprises nine commissioners appointed for six year terms. The statute also includes a holdover provision under which commissioners continue to serve until a successor is appointed, 'except that no commissioner may serve in excess of twelve years.'"
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1994-07-15
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Federal Judicial Security: Comprehensive Risk-Based Program Should Be Fully Implemented, Report to Congressional Requesters
Executive branch security experts and judges believe that the federal judiciary is becoming an increasingly dangerous place in which to work. Most district marshals believe that judicial personnel are generally safe in judicial facilities but less so away from them. Likewise, most judges believe that security at court buildings is adequate and are more concerned about off-site security. Key aspects of the comprehensive on-site judicial security program recommended by the 1982 task force are not yet fully in place. The Marshals Service has not finished (1) establishing a security committee in each federal judicial district; (2) completing security surveys and plans for all judicial facilities in all districts; and (3) implementing a complete national database to manage security resources and programs. The judicial security program is not comprehensive enough in that it does not evaluate off-site security. The Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts and the Judicial Conference have not systematically overseen and monitored the effectiveness of the security program and the use of appropriated funds.
United States. General Accounting Office
1994-07-14
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United States Assistance to Countries that Shoot Down Civil Aircraft Involved in Drug Trafficking: Memorandum for Jamie S. Gorelick, Deputy Attorney General [July 14, 1994]
"The Aircraft Sabotage Act of 1984 applies to the police and military personnel of foreign governments. In particular, the Act applies to the use of deadly force by such foreign governmental actors against civil aircraft in flight that are suspected of transporting illegal drugs. There is accordingly a substantial risk that United States Government officers and employees who provide flight tracking information or certain other forms of assistance to the aerial interdiction programs of foreign governments that have destroyed such aircraft, or that have announced an intent to do so, would be aiding and abetting conduct that violated the Act. This memorandum summarizes our earlier advice concerning whether and in what circumstances United States Government (USG) officers and employees may lawfully provide flight tracking information and other forms of technical assistance to the Republics of Colombia and Peru. The information and other assistance at issue have been provided to the aerial interdiction programs of those two countries for the purpose of enabling them to locate and intercept aircraft suspected of engaging in illegal drug trafficking. Concern over the in-flight destruction of civil aircraft as a component of the counternarcotics programs of foreign governments is not novel. In 1990, soon after the inception of the USG assistance program, the United States made an oral démarche to the Colombian government informing that government that Colombian use of USG intelligence information to effect shootdowns could result in the suspension of that assistance."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1994-07-14
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Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield
The purpose of this manual is to describe the fundamentals of intelligence
preparation of the battlefield (IPB). It describes IPB, its use in directing the
intelligence effort, and its role in driving the staff's planning for contingency or combat operations. It prescribes the procedures followed in performing IPB and illustrates the application of IPB in various situations.
This manual is intended to serve as a guide for the use of IPB by units of all
types, at all echelons, across the entire spectrum of conflict, and during the
conduct of any mission. It does not contain all the data required to conduct
IPB, such as specific information on threat doctrine or equipment capabilities.
Rather, it is intended as a guide for applying the fundamentals of the IPB
process to any situation. No part of this document should be construed as limiting commanders' freedom of action or committing commanders to a fixed or particular course of action (COA). Nor should it be construed to imply that all IPB products must be prepared by all commands in all situations. Commanders should apply the doctrine and information presented in this manual in any manner appropriate to their particular situation and mission.
United States. Department of the Army
1994-07-08
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Review of 1988 Opinion Concerning the Applicability of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act to Individuals Infected with HIV: Memorandum for Stephen R. Colgate, Assistant Attorney General for Administration [July 8, 1994]
"You have asked us whether an Office of Legal Counsel [OLC] Memorandum of September 27, 1988, reprinted at 12 Op. O.L.C. 264 (1988) and entitled 'Application of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act to HIV-Infected Individuals,' accurately reflects the state of the law on this issue. That memorandum concluded that Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, 29 U.S.C. § 794, bars discrimination against individuals infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus ('HIV'), whether or not the infection has resulted in illness. […] We have reviewed the 1988 O.L.C. Memorandum, and have concluded that it accurately describes the duties imposed by Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act with respect to individuals infected with HIV. We do, however, have a few comments to update the analysis of that Memorandum."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1994-07-08
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Proliferation and Nonproliferation in Ukraine: Implications for European and U.S. Security
Limiting nuclear proliferation is a vital goal of U.S. security policy. With this in mind, the Strategic Studies Institute cosponsored a conference at the University of Pittsburgh on March 16-17, 1994 to deal with the issues involved in achieving this objective. An additional U.S. objective is the stabilization of relationships among the members of the Commonwealth of Independent States. These two issues come together in Ukraine which, upon achieving independence, found itself in possession of nuclear missiles that were positioned in the former Soviet Union and on Ukraine's territory. Ukraine was reluctant to relinquish control of them for security reasons. This monograph, presented at the conference, seeks to explain why Ukraine originally sought to retain the weapons and then, in 1994, agreed to dismantle them in return for compensation and the very limited security guarantees that exist under the 1968 Non-Proliferation Treaty. The author also examines the nature of Russia's threat to Ukraine and the implications of the new agreement for U.S. policy vis-a-vis Ukraine and Russia.
Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
Blank, Stephen, 1950-
1994-07-01
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Defining the Organizational Culture of the Fairborn Fire Department
"In an effort to begin a teambuilding and organizational development program, organizational culture, an important but often overlooked component of the Fairborn Fire Department, was identified for study. This research project will provide insight into the organizational culture of the Fairborn Fire Department, and provide methodology for organizational development and change. The problem that this research project will address is that attempts at organizational development and teambuilding have not been successful due to a failure to thoroughly understand the needs, beliefs, values, and perceptions of the members of the fire department. The overall purpose is to identify the organizational culture, define the strengths and weaknesses, and provide recommendations for methodology of organizational change, teambuilding, and resolution of cultural conflict. The research required the use of both historical and descriptive methodologies. The research questions were 1. What are the strengths and weaknesses within the Fairborn Fire Department that have the greatest impact on its present organizational culture? 2. What are the elements of the organizational culture within the Fairborn Fire Department? 3. How can the organizational culture be defined?"
National Fire Academy
Harlow, T. David
1994-07
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Technical Rescue Incident Report: Search and Rescue in Georgia During Major Floods
This technical rescue incident report details search and rescue operations performed and lessons learned during July 1994 flooding in Georgia.
United States Fire Administration
1994-07
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1993 Toxic Chemical Release Inventory: Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act of 1986, Section 313
"Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know-Act of 1986 (EPCRA) requires the annual submittal of toxic chemical release information to the US Environmental Protection Agency. The following document is the July 1994 submittal of the Hanford site EPCRA Toxic Chemical Release Inventory (TRI) Report. Included is a Form R for chlorine, the sole chemical used in excess of the established regulatory thresholds at the Hanford Site by the US Department of Energy, Richland Operations Office and its contractors during Calendar Year 1993. Only those facilities that fall within the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code range of 20 through 39 are subject to mandatory reporting under EPCRA, Section 313. However, on August 3, 1993, Executive Order 12856 was signed, requiring all federal agencies and facilities to comply with pollution prevention and emergency planning and community right-to-know provisions established by Section 313 of EPCRA and Section 6607 of the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990, without restriction to the specified SIC Codes. The report format requires identification of the facility SIC Code in the TRI Report. Application of definitions and requirements provided in Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations Part 372.22 has led to the adoption of SIC Code 9999, Nonclassifiable Establishments, as the primary Hanford Site SIC Code for EPCRA regulatory assessments. The SIC Code 9999 determination is based on a broad analysis of the current mission of the Hanford Site which includes environmental and waste management, demonstration and application of advanced remediation technologies, and environmental restoration."
United States. Department of Energy
1994-07
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Joint Force Quarterly: Summer 1994, Issue 5 [July 1994]
"NDU Press produces Joint Force Quarterly in concert with ongoing education and research at National Defense University in support of the Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. JFQ is the Chairman's joint military and security studies journal designed to inform and educate national security professionals on joint and integrated operations; whole of government contributions to national security policy and strategy; homeland security; and developments in training and joint military education to better equip America's military and security apparatus to meet tomorrow's challenges while protecting freedom today."
National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies
1994-07
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Border Patrol Strategic Plan 1994 and Beyond: National Strategy
"The mission of the United States Border Patrol is to secure and protect the external boundaries of the United States, preventing illegal entry and detecting, interdicting and apprehending undocumented entrants, smugglers, contraband, and violators of other laws. […] The Border Patrol will improve control of the border by implementing a strategy of 'prevention through deterrence.' The Border Patrol will achieve the goals of its strategy by bringing a decisive number of enforcement resources to bear in each major entry corridor. The Border Patrol will increase the number of agents on the line and make effective use of technology, raising the risk of apprehension high enough to be an effective deterrent. Because the deterrent effect of apprehensions does not become effective in stopping the flow until apprehensions approach 100 percent of those attempting entry, the strategic objective is to maximize the apprehension rate. Although a 100 percent apprehension rate is an unrealistic goal, we believe we can achieve a rate of apprehensions sufficiently high to raise the risk of apprehension to the point that many will consider it futile to continue to attempt illegal entry."
U.S. Border Patrol
1994-07
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Guide to Procurement of Single Connected Systems - Language for RFP Specifications and Statements of Work - An Aid to Procurement Initiators - Includes Complex, Evolving, and Multipolicy Systems
The intended user of the document is the "procurement initiator," to include program managers, users, and security managers. These individuals must write the Request for Proposal (RFP), specifically Section C, the Specification and Statement of Work. Volume 1 of this guideline series discusses the responsibilities of different roles in procurement initiation. The purpose of this document is to facilitate the contracting process, to provide uniformity in competitive acquisitions, to minimize procurement cost and risk, avoid
delays in the solicitation process, and to help ensure the solicitation is complete before its issuance.
United States. Department of Defense
1994-07
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Explaining Weapons Proliferation: Going Beyond the Security Dilemma
This report considers the crucial issue of weapons proliferation by addressing a question of serious debate in the international community: what causes states to acquire weapons of mass destruction? Why do states become proliferators? By summarizing the findings of three cases examined in his group's effort of last year, Captain Rattray sheds light on possible answers to this question, with implications for US and USAF policy. Taking a comparative, regionally-based approach, the report highlights the key findings of a major INSS research project undertaken in 1993. It concludes that the US must look beyond the security dilemma in trying to understand the motivations behind proliferation, especially in emerging democracies. Along the same lines, the US should also consider a wide range of policy tools, to include economic and technological assistance, in attempting to influence proliferation outcomes.
USAF Institute for National Security Studies
Rattray, Gregory J., 1962-
1994-07
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Use and Abuse of Police Powers: Law Enforcement Practices and the Minority Community in New Jersey
"The public is often angered by allegations that police officers use excessive or fatal force and are not held accountable for their actions. This report by the New Jersey Advisory Committee was prompted by one such case in Teaneck, New Jersey, involving a white police officer and a black youth, who was killed while fleeing arrest. The incident precipitated a civil disturbance and a string of local protest demonstrations against police abuse, lasting more than a year. The Committee learned that minority community leaders were very concerned about law enforcement practices as they affected minority groups across the State. Based on a 1991 forum and monitoring through June 1992, this report profiles law enforcement policies and procedures related to police brutality in New Jersey. Its conclusions and recommendations stem from the Committee's view that volatile incidents will be better handled and community tensions lessened when complaints of police bias are reviewed by civilian boards. The Committee also points to the need for mandatory police officer training to improve the quality of law enforcement services."
United States Commission on Civil Rights
1994-07
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Peacekeeping in Somalia
"The U.N. Security Council adopted Resolution 794 on December 3, 1992. The Resolution state that 'the situation in Somalia constitutes a threat to international peace security' and authorized Member States to use all necessary means to establish a secure environment for humanitarian relief. During the same month, the United States deployed troops assigned to the 10th Mountain Division to Somalia. This report describes findings from questionnaires and interviews involving 518 Somalia veterans at Fort Drum, New York. The Somalia peacekeeping mission is unique because it started as a humanitarian mission and evolved into combat. Information gathered about the mission may afford valuable opportunities to improve the effectiveness of future peacekeeping doctrine, force development and training. Results of individual interviews and questionnaires show general discontent with the mission, although most soldiers expressed the opinion that the U.S. Army performed well in Somalia."
U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences
Harman, Joan
1994-07
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National Security Strategy of Engagement and Enlargement [1994]
"This report, submitted in accordance with Section 603 of the Goldwater-Nichols Defense Department Reorganization Act of 1986, elaborates a new national security strategy for this new era. Focusing on new threats and new opportunities, its central goals are: to credibly sustain our security with military forces that are ready to fight; to bolster America's economic revitalization, and; to promote democracy abroad. Over the past seventeen months, my Administration has worked to pursue these goals. This national security strategy report presents the strategy that has guided this effort. It is premised on a belief that the line between our domestic and foreign policies has increasingly disappeared - that we must revitalize our economy if we are to sustain our military forces, foreign initiatives and global influence, and that we must engage actively abroad if we are to open foreign markets and create jobs for our people."
United States. White House Office
1994-07
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Sharing the Challenge: Floodplain Management into the 21st Century
"The Midwest Flood of 1993 was a significant hydro-meteorological event. Flood flows similar to those experienced by most of the Midwest can occur at any time. During the decade ending in 1993, average annual flood damages in the United States exceed $3 billion. Flood damages are a national problem. Excessive rainfall, which produced standing water, saturated soils, and overland flow, caused major damages to upland agriculture and some communities. In turn, runoff from this rainfall created, throughout tie basin, flood events that became a part of the nation's 1993 TV experience. Damages overall were extensive: between $12 billion and $16 billion that can be counted, and a large amount in unquantifiable impacts on the health and well-being of the population of the Midwest. Human activities in the floodplains of the Midwest over the last three centuries have placed people and property at risk. Local and federal flood damage reduction projects were constructed to minimize the annual risk, and, during the 1993 flood, prevented nearly $20 billion in damages. Some of these programs, however, attracted people to high risk areas and created greater exposure to future damages. In addition, flood control, navigation, and agricultural activities severely reduced available floodplain habitat and compromised natural functions upon which fish and wildlife rely. Over the last30 yearn the nation has learned that effective floodplain management can reduce vulnerability to damages and create a balance among natural and human uses of floodplains and their related watersheds meet both social and environmental goals."
Interagency Floodplain Management Review Committee (U.S.)
1994-06-30
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Unity of Command and Interdiction
"The cover of Joint Publication 1, Joint Warfare of the U.S. Armed Forces, says, 'Joint Warfare is Team Warfare.' Inside the publication, an Air Force officer observed, 'Now I know that real jointness means attacking the right target at the right time.' The quote makes joint warfare sound like a simple matter, one that the U.S. military has well in hand. Although the services have made great progress over the last decade or so, Unity of Command and Interdiction highlights an area where there is still a great deal of work remaining. The Army and Air Force have been at odds about how to fight together where their missions overlap the most. Beyond the front lines 30 to approximately 200 kilometers is a gray area where Army deep operations and Air Force interdiction overlap. They often address the same target sets and compete for the same weapons. Synchronizing interdiction and land maneuver is not a new problem, but several new twists are complicating the matter even more. Army doctrine calls for fast-paced and deep maneuver, supported by attack helicopters and artillery. Army artillery ranges have increased over fivefold with rockets and missiles: at the same time technological advances dramatically improved interdiction capabilities. Tactical ballistic missile and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction are other pieces of a very difficult battlefield puzzle. Unity of command is essential to success for both services."
Air University (U.S.). Air War College
Leaf, Daniel P.
1994-07
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Alert Series: Women: Female Genital Mutilation
This document discusses female genital mutilation and its influence on refugee and asylum status. "The World Health Organization estimates that over eighty million infants, adolescents, and women have been subjected to female genital mutilation. These mutilations continue to be performed in more than thirty countries in Africa (including parts of Burkina Faso, Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia, Guinea Bissau, Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, and Sudan) and Asia (including parts of Indonesia, Malaysia, Oman, South Yemen, and the United Arab Emirates), as well as among immigrant communities in other countries."
United States. Immigration and Naturalization Service; INS Resource Information Center
1994-07
