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Family Matters: Executive Guide for Developing Family-Friendly Law Enforcement Policies, Procedures, and Culture
From the Purpose of Document: "The law enforcement profession affects not only the personnel who serve day in and day out but also the network of friends and family members who support officers. In recognition of the important role support networks have in officer wellness, agency effectiveness, and community wellness, the purpose of this executive guide is to create a roadmap for law enforcement agencies to develop stronger family-friendly policies, procedures, and organizational culture. This document is not intended to provide specific model policies or to encompass every possible aspect of work-family integration. Instead, its objective is to positively affect police performance by stimulating professional dialogue around family inclusion and highlight opportunities within agencies to strengthen relationships with law enforcement families."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
International Association of Chiefs of Police
2021-06-17
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Magnitude and Frequency of Floods in the Alluvial Plain of the Lower Mississippi River, 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021-5046
From the Abstract: "Annual exceedance probability flows at gaged locations and regional regression equations used to estimate annual exceedance probability flows at ungaged locations were developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Mississippi Department of Transportation, to improve flood-frequency estimates at rural streams in the alluvial plain of the lower Mississippi River. These estimates were developed using current geospatial data, analytical methods, and annual peak-flow data through September 2017 at 58 streamgages in the alluvial plain of the lower Mississippi River, including 9 in Mississippi, 35 in Arkansas, 4 in Missouri, and 10 in Louisiana. Annual exceedance probability flows presented in this report incorporate streamflow data through the 2017 water year, 32 additional years of record since the previous study in 1985 of flood magnitude and frequency in the Mississippi portion of the alluvial plain of the lower Mississippi River. Ranges for standard error of prediction, average variance of prediction, and pseudo-R2 are 45-61 percent, 0.035-0.059 (log cubic feet per second)2, and 90-94 percent, respectively."
United States. Department of the Interior; Geological Survey (U.S.)
Anderson, Brandon T.
2021
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 2931, Enhancing Grid Security Through Public-Private Partnerships Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Energy and Commerce on June 10, 2021. From the Document: "H.R. 2931 would direct the Department of Energy (DOE) to establish a program to collaborate with federal, state, and private sector entities to assess and improve the cyber and physical security of electric utilities. The bill would authorize DOE to provide guidance, training, and technical assistance to electric utilities and would specify program reporting and administrative requirements."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2021-06-28
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India-U.S. Relations [Updated January 3, 2007]
From the Summary: "Long considered a 'strategic backwater' from Washington's perspective, South Asia has emerged in the 21st century as increasingly vital to core U.S. foreign policy interests. India, the region's dominant actor with more than one billion citizens, is now recognized as a nascent major power and 'natural partner' of the United States, one that many analysts view as a potential counterweight to China's growing clout. Washington and New Delhi have since 2004 been pursuing a 'strategic partnership' based on shared values such as democracy, multi-culturalism, and rule of law. Numerous economic, securities, and global initiatives, including plans for 'full civilian nuclear energy cooperation,' are underway. This latter initiative, launched by President Bush in July 2005 and provisionally endorsed by the 109th Congress in late 2006 (P.L. 109-401), reverses three decades of U.S. nonproliferation policy. It would require, among other steps, conclusion of a peaceful nuclear agreement between the United States and India, which would itself enter into force only after a Joint Resolution of Approval by Congress. Also in 2005, the United States and India signed a ten-year defense framework agreement that calls for expanding bilateral security cooperation. Since 2002, the two countries have engaged in numerous and unprecedented combined military exercises. The issue of major U.S. arms sales to India may come before the 110th Congress. The influence of a growing and relatively wealthy Indian-American community of more than two million is reflected in Congress's largest country-specific caucus."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kronstadt, K. Alan
2007-01-03
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Iraq: Recent Development in Reconstruction Assistance [Updated January 12, 2007]
From the Document: "Following years of authoritarian rule and economic sanctions, the United States and the international community agreed in the spring of 2003 that efforts should be made to rehabilitate economic infrastructure and introduce representative government to post-war Iraq, among other objectives. To meet these ends, a large-scale assistance program has been undertaken by the United States in Iraq. This program, funded through a mix of appropriations accounts, is expected to undergo increased scrutiny in the 110th Congress. This report describes recent developments in this assistance effort and key issues of potential interest to Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Tarnoff, Curt
2007-01-12
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Maritime Security: Potential Terrorist Attacks and Protection Priorities [January 9, 2007]
From the Summary: "A key challenge for U.S. policy makers is prioritizing the nation's maritime security activities among a virtually unlimited number of potential attack scenarios. While individual scenarios have distinct features, they may be characterized along five common dimensions: perpetrators, objectives, locations, targets, and tactics. In many cases, such scenarios have been identified as part of security preparedness exercises, security assessments, security grant administration, and policy debate. There are far more potential attack scenarios than likely ones, and far more than could be meaningfully addressed with limited counter-terrorism resources. Clear perspectives on the nature and likelihood of specific types of maritime terrorist attacks are essential for prioritizing the nation's maritime anti-terrorism activities. In practice, however, there has been considerable public debate about the likelihood of scenarios frequently given high priority by federal policy makers, such as nuclear or 'dirty' bombs smuggled in shipping containers, liquefied natural gas (LNG) tanker attacks, and attacks on passenger ferries. Differing priorities set by port officials, grant officials, and legislators lead to differing allocations of port security resources and levels of protection against specific types of attacks. How they ultimately relate to one another under a national maritime security strategy remains to be seen."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Parfomak, Paul W.; Frittelli, John
2007-01-09
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U.S. Foreign Assistance to the Middle East: Historical Background, Recent Trends, and the FY2007 Request [Updated December 21, 2006]
From the Summary: "This report is an overview of U.S. foreign assistance to the Middle East from
FY2002 to FY2006, and of the FY2007 budget request. It includes a brief history of aid to the region, a review of foreign aid levels, a description of selected country programs, and an analysis of current foreign aid issues. It will be updated periodically to reflect recent developments. For foreign aid terminology and acronyms, please see the glossary appended to this report. Congress both authorizes and appropriates foreign assistance and conducts oversight of executive agencies' management of aid programs. As a region, the Middle East is the largest annual recipient of U.S. economic and military aid. With Iraq in need of long-term reconstruction assistance, many analysts expect Iraq to become a regular recipient of U.S. foreign aid."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sharp, Jeremy Maxwell
2006-12-21
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Endangered Species Act (ESA) in the 110th Congress: Conflicting Values and Difficult Choices [January 3, 2006]
From the Summary: "This report will identify and discuss oversight issues and legislation introduced in the 110th Congress to address specific concerns related to how ESA is implemented and how endangered species are managed, and will be updated periodically to reflect legislative action. The 110th Congress is likely to oversee implementation and funding of the Endangered Species Act (ESA; P.L. 93-205, 16 U.S.C. §§1531-1543) and to consider proposals to amend the act. Major issues in recent years have included the role of science in decision-making, critical habitat (CH) designation and procedures, protection by and incentives for property owners, and appropriate protection of listed species, among others. In addition, many have advocated enacting as law some ESA regulations promulgated during the Clinton Administration."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sheikh, Pervaze A.; Buck, Eugene H.
2007-01-03
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Bahrain: Reform, Security and U.S. Policy [Updated December 21, 2006]
From the Summary: "After instability during the late 1990s, Bahrain undertook substantial political
reforms, but tensions between ruling Sunni Muslims and the Shiite majority re-emerged in the context of November 2006 parliamentary elections, as well as Sunni-Shiite conflict in Iraq. Bahrain's stability has long been a key U.S. interest; it has hosted U.S. Naval headquarters for the Gulf for nearly 60 years. In September 2004, the United States and Bahrain signed a free trade agreement (FTA); legislation implementing it (H.R. 4340) was signed January 11, 2006 (P.L. 109-169). This report will be updated. See also CRS [Congressional Research Service] Report RS21846, 'U.S.-Bahrain Free Trade Agreement.'"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Katzman, Kenneth
2006-12-21
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Unmanned Vehicles for U.S. Naval Forces: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated December 13, 2006]
From the Summary: "Unmanned vehicles (UVs) are viewed as a key element of the effort to transform U.S. military forces. The Department of the Navy may eventually acquire every major kind of UV. This document examines the issues for Congress related to the Navy and Marine Corps UV programs. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2006-12-13
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Evolutionary Acquisition and Spiral Development in DoD Programs: Policy Issues for Congress [Updated December 11, 2006]
From the Summary: "The Department of Defense (DOD) in 2001 adopted a new approach for developing major weapon systems, called evolutionary acquisition with spiral development (EA/SD), as its preferred standard. EA/SD is intended to make DOD's acquisition system more responsive to rapid changes in military needs. EA/SD poses potentially important challenges for Congress in carrying out its legislative functions, particularly committing to and effectively overseeing DOD weapon acquisition programs. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Pagliano, Gary J.
2006-12-11
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Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004: 'Lone Wolf' Amendment to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act [Updated December 19, 2006]
From the Summary: "Section 6001 of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, P.L. 108-458, amended the definition of 'agent of a foreign power' in the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), 50 U.S.C. § 1801(b)(1), to add a new category of covered individuals. Under this 'lone wolf' provision, a non-United States person who engages in international terrorism or activities in preparation for international terrorism is deemed to be an 'agent of a foreign power' under FISA. This provision does not change the procedures to be used to apply for a court order authorizing electronic surveillance or a physical search under FISA. If an order is sought under this definition of an 'agent of a foreign power,' however, the applicant is not required to demonstrate a connection between the target of the electronic surveillance or the physical search and a foreign nation, foreign group, or international terrorist group. Nor does the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC), in approving such an order, have to find probable cause to believe that such a connection existed. Rather, if the court authorizes such a surveillance or physical search using this definition of 'agent of a foreign power,' the FISC judge has to find, in pertinent part, which, based upon the information provided by the applicant for the order, the target had engaged in or was engaging in international terrorism or activities in preparation therefore. By operation of the sunset provision in Section 103 of the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act, P.L. 109-177, the amendment to the definition of 'agent of a foreign power' in FISA will cease to have effect on December 31, 2009."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bazan, Elizabeth B.; Yeh, Brian T.
2006-12-19
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European Union-U.S. Trade and Investment Relations: Key Issues [February 14, 2008]
From the Summary: "The United States and EU share a huge, dynamic, and mutually beneficial economic relationship. Not only are trade and investment ties between the two partners huge in absolute terms, but the EU share of U.S. global trade and investment flows has remained high and relatively constant over time, despite the rise of Asian trade and investment flows. These robust commercial ties provide consumers on both sides of the Atlantic with major benefits in terms of jobs and access to capital and new technologies. Agreements between the two partners in the past have been critical to making the world trading system more open and efficient. At the same time, the commercial relationship is subject to a number of trade disputes and disagreements that potentially could have adverse political and economic repercussions. […] Congress has taken a strong interest in many of these issues. By both proposing and passing legislation, Congress has supported the efforts of U.S. industrial and agricultural interests to gain better access to EU markets. Congress has pressured the executive branch to take a harder line against the EU in resolving some disputes, but has also cooperated with the Administration in crafting compromise solutions. Primarily through oversight in the second session of the 110th Congress, many Members of Congress can be expected to support efforts to resolve existing disputes and to maintain an equitable sharing of the costs and benefits of the commercial relationship with the EU. This report starts with background information and data on the commercial relationship and then discusses selective issues associated with trade in agricultural products, trade in services, and foreign direct investment. A concluding section assesses prospects for future cooperation and conflict. The report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Ahearn, Raymond J.; Fischer, John W. (John Werner); Goldfarb, Charles B.
2008-02-14
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Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC) and Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-76: Implications for the Future [Updated January 29, 2008]
From the Summary: "This report examines the issues surrounding the Walter Reed public-private competition conducted under Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-76 and its potential impact on future Department of Defense (DOD) competitions. Circular A-76 is a policy and a process first initiated in 1966 that was designed to determine whether federal employees or private sector contractors are best to perform activities deemed commercial. A series of articles that first appeared in the 'Washington Post' chronicled the dilapidated conditions and the substandard medical treatment afforded to returning veterans. Media reports surrounding the competition have suggested that one possible contributing factor to the Walter Reed controversy was the decision to privatize base support services. […] Some have suggested that constrained Army resources, due to a convergence of events, may have caused and/or contributed to the problems in the competition and led to the attrition of skilled base support services staff. Other factors that may have affected the process were the entry of the United States into combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, a 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission recommendation for the consolidation of Army and Navy military medical services into a single tertiary hospital at the campus of the Bethesda Naval Hospital (effectively closing the Walter Reed campus), a surge in the number of outpatient medical care visits for veterans returning from the war, and the Army's push to achieve the Bush Administration's competitive sourcing goals. The Walter Reed A-76 competition was a case where a lot of things went wrong. Some assert that for some types of settings (like military medical facilities) conducting A-76 competitions may not be the most appropriate vehicle for achieving costs savings. Congress may want to act so that what happened at Walter Reed not happen elsewhere. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Grasso, Valerie Bailey
2008-01-29
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Defense Contracting in Iraq: Issues and Options for Congress [Updated January 29, 2008]
From the Summary: "This report will examine logistical support contracts for troop support services in Iraq primarily administered through the U.S. Army's Logistics Civil Augmentation Program (LOGCAP). LOGCAP is an initiative to manage the use of civilian contractors that perform services in support of DOD [Department of Defense] missions during times of war and other military mobilizations. It was established on December 6, 1985 with the publication of Army Regulation 700-137. LOGCAP has been used in a variety of military contingency operations and provides for the awarding of contingency, or bridging contracts, or for the inclusion of contingency clauses in peacetime contracts. The Army's Sustainment Command (ASC) has awarded contracts to three companies under LOGCAP IV. Media reports state that several companies not selected have filed protests with the Government Accountability Office (GAO). According to media reports, an ACS [sic?] spokesperson reported that KBR's current LOGCAP contract will be extended while the Army makes a decision. […] Another legislative initiative, the proposed Accountability in Government Contracting Act of 2007 (S. 680), would provide greater oversight and accountability for federal contracting. Also, Congress may examine the Gansler Commission report, which recommended operational and structural changes in Army contracting policies. This report will be updated as warranted."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Grasso, Valerie Bailey
2008-01-29
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Navy Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) Program: Background, Oversight Issues, and Options for Congress [Updated February 27, 2008]
From the Summary: "The Navy is procuring a new type of surface combatant called the Littoral Combat Ship (LCS). The Navy substantially restructured the LCS program in 2007 in response to significant cost growth and schedule delays in the program. The Navy's proposed FY2009 budget requests $920 million in procurement funding for the procurement of two LCSs, which would be the fourth and fifth ships in the restructured LCS program. The LCS is a small, fast, relatively inexpensive combat ship that is to be equipped with modular 'plug-and-fight' mission packages, including unmanned vehicles (UVs). The basic version of the LCS, without any mission packages, is referred to as the LCS sea frame. The Navy wants to procure a total of 55 LCSs. […] The issue for Congress in 2008 is whether to approve, reject, or modify the Navy's restructured LCS program. The LCS program raises potential oversight issues for Congress relating to cost growth, total program acquisition cost, operational evaluation and competition for production, a proposed common combat system, and coordination of sea frames and mission packages. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2008-02-27
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Iraq's Debt Relief: Procedure and Potential Implications for International Debt Relief [Updated January 28, 2008]
From the Summary: "Following the ouster of the Saddam Hussein regime in spring 2003, Iraq's external debt was estimated to be $125 billion. Reducing this debt to a sustainable level has been a priority of the U.S. government. Since 2003, debt relief negotiations have taken place in a variety of fora and led to the cancellation of a significant amount of Iraq's external debt. Iraq's external debt comprised four components: Paris Club bilateral debt ($37.15 billion), non-Paris Club bilateral debt ($67.4 billion), commercial debt ($20 billion) and multilateral debt ($0.5 billion). Debt relief negotiations first led to an 80% reduction of the Paris Club debt. The Paris Club agreement also set the terms for non-Paris Club and commercial debt cancellation levels. A provision of the Paris Club agreement is that Iraq cannot accept a debt cancellation agreement with other creditors on less favorable terms than those reached with the Paris Club. Thus, Iraq is expected to receive no more than an 80% cancellation from all of its creditors. [...] In light of Iraq's experience, three new precedents appear to have taken shape: (1) a willingness by the international community to grant a stay on the enforcement of creditor rights to collect unpaid sovereign debt; (2) an increased flexibility in Paris Club debt relief decisions; and (3) an unwillingness by successor regimes to claim that their debt is odious and repudiate it. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Weiss, Martin A.
2008-01-28
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U.S. Army and Marine Corps Equipment Requirements: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated January 29, 2008]
From the Summary: "The United States Army and Marine Corps have been at war -- first in Afghanistan and then Iraq -- since November 2001. The Army's and Marine Corps' equipment has been employed in what has been described as 'the harsh operating environments of Iraq and Afghanistan' where the heat, sand, and dust as well as operational rates 'well in excess of peacetime rates' have taken a heavy toll on the Army's and Marines' equipment. Re-equipping Reserve and National Guard units that, in many cases, were under-equipped to start with and then required to leave their equipment in theater also presents challenges to the Services. The Army and Marine Corps are also undertaking efforts to re-equip their pre-positioned stocks which were drawn upon to provide equipment for use in Afghanistan and Iraq. There are also concerns that the Army and Marines have not always aggressively pursued the best force protection equipment available and the Army has been questioned on its efforts to improve the standard soldier assault rifle."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Feickert, Andrew
2008-01-29
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Russia's 2008 Presidential Succession [February 26, 2008]
From the Summary: "An election to choose Russia's next president is set for March 2, 2008. The Russian Constitution limits the president to no more than two consecutive four-year terms. President Putin's second term ends in March 2008. Uncertainty about the post-Putin succession dominated and roiled Russian politics for most of 2007, until late in the year, when Putin made clear that he would relinquish the presidency and take the position of prime minister after his protégé, First Deputy Prime Minister Dmitri Medvedev, was elected president. Putin's genuine popularity at home, combined with the near-total control that he and his regime exercise over nearly every aspect of the political scene, guarantee the electoral outcomes sought by the Kremlin. Major questions remain, however, about the configuration of political power after Medvedev succeeds Putin as president. What will be the balance of power between the President Medvedev and Prime Minister Putin? Will a diarchy of power be stable? Will Putin seek to regain the presidency after a Medvedev interregnum which would legalize a third (and fourth) 'non-consecutive' term for Putin? The answers to these questions will help determine the course of Russia's political evolution -- continuing and consolidating the authoritarianism that Putin has fostered, or moderating that trend. At the same time, Russia's domestic political evolution will likely have a strong influence on its relations with its neighbors, with the EU and NATO, and with the United States. [...] This report will be updated as needed."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Goldman, Stuart D. (Stuart Douglas), 1943-
2008-02-26
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Iraq: U.S. Casualties [Updated February 14, 2008]
From the Summary: "The following casualty data was compiled by the Department of Defense (DOD), as tallied from the agency's press releases. 'Table 1' provides statistics on fatalities during Operation Iraqi Freedom, which began on March 19, 2003, and is ongoing, as well as on the number of fatalities since May 1, 2003, plus statistics on those wounded, but not killed, since March 19, 2003. Statistics may be revised as circumstances are investigated and as all records are processed through the U.S. military's casualty system. More frequent updates are available at DOD's website at [http://www.defenselink.mil/ news/] under 'OIF/OEF [Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom] Casualty Update.'"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Bryant, JoAnne
2008-02-14
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Understanding the Power of Social Media as a Communications Tool in the Aftermath of Disasters, Hearing Before the Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Disaster Recovery and Intergovernmental Affairs of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session, May 5, 2011
From the opening statement of Mark L. Pryor: "Today the Subcommittee has been joined by very insightful guests to talk about the increasingly important role that social media networks play during disaster response and recovery efforts. From search and rescue to family reunification, to safety updates, to communicating vital shelter information, to other critical or lifesaving information, and to all around situational awareness, social media is becoming a tool that people are coming to rely on and to use heavily during emergencies. In July 2010, the American Red Cross conducted a survey--and they are here today, and they will probably talk about this in more detail, but they conducted a survey of over 1,000 people about their use of social media sites in emergency situations. The results of the survey were striking: 82 percent of the participants used some form of social media at least once a day, and nearly half of those use it every day or nearly every day. The survey found that if they needed help and could not reach 911, one in five would try to contact responders through a digital means such as e-mail, Web sites, or social media. If Web users knew of someone else who needed help, 44 percent would ask other people in their social network to contact authorities. Three out of four respondents would expect help to arrive in an hour if a call for help was delivered over the Internet; 35 percent would post a request for help directly on a response agency's Facebook page, and 28 percent would send a direct Twitter message to responders." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Mark L. Pryor, Scott P. Brown, W. Craig Fugate, Renee Preslar, Suzy DeFrancis, Shona L. Brown, and Heather Blanchard.
United States. Government Printing Office
2012
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IRS Data Breach: Steps to Protect Americans' Personal Information, Hearing Before the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, First Session, June 2, 2015
This is the June 2, 2015 hearing on "The IRS Data Breach: Steps to Protect Americans' Personal Information," held before the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. From the opening statement of Ron Johnson: "I got a call from the Commissioner of the IRS informing me of the-it is not necessarily a breach. I guess you could call it a breach, but it is not your standard cyber attack that we have been talking about. This is just simply a breach of confidentiality in a system that is meant to assist taxpayers, and it brought all kinds of questions to mind: What type of authentication system, what kind of security system is being utilized here, not only within the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) but also other agencies in the government? And what we are starting to find out is, well, different agencies-the Social Security Administration (SSA), we have the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) with Healthcare.gov, similar types of systems." Statements, letters, and other materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Michael Kasper, Kevin Fu, Jeffrey E. Greene, and John A. Koskinen.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2015-06-02
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Cities and Pandemics: Towards a More Just, Green and Healthy Future
From the Introduction: "To add to the existing evidence base on the relations between pandemics and urban areas, as well as pathways to inclusive recovery and rebuilding, the report's analysis focuses on forces that are central to shaping cities and their functions. [...] To guide those policy decisions, this report focuses on four timely priorities for the recovery and futureproofing of cities: [1] 'Rethinking the Form and Function of the City': In particular, how the urban morphologies and systems can be reconfigured at different scales to not only enhance their resilience to the effects of the pandemic, but also make them more sustainable and productive in the long term through inclusive planning. [2] 'Addressing Systemic Poverty and Inequality in Cities': Designing targeted interventions that mitigate the disproportionate impacts of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] and related restrictions on poor and vulnerable groups through emergency assistance and service provision, while also taking steps to address the underlying causes of their exclusion. [3] 'Rebuilding a 'New Normal' Urban Economy': Developing a suite of tailored economic support and relief packages to help smaller businesses, informal workers and at-risk sectors to survive the crisis, with an emphasis on 'building back better' by promoting the transition to greener, more equitable urban economies. [4] 'Clarifying Urban Legislation and Governance Arrangements': Recognizing the need for more integrated, cooperative multi-level governance between national, regional and municipal governments, with an emphasis on developing more flexible and innovative institutional and financial frameworks for cities to respond effectively to the unfolding crisis."
United Nations Habitat and Human Settlements Foundation
Tuts, Rafael; Knudsen, Christine; Moreno, Eduardo López . . .
2021
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Committee's Investigation into Counterfeit Electronic Parts in The Department of Defense Supply Chain, Hearing Before The Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session, November 8, 2011
From the opening statement of Carl Levin: "The systems that we rely on for national security and the protection of our military men and women depend on the performance and reliability of small, highly sophisticated electronic components. Our fighter pilots rely on night vision systems enabled by transistors the size of paper clips to identify targets. Our troops depend on radios and Global Positioning Systems (GPS) devices and the microelectronics that make them work to stay in contact with their units and to get advance warning of threats that may be just around the next corner. The failure of a single electronic part could leave a soldier, sailor, airman, or marine vulnerable at the worst possible time. A flood of counterfeit electronic parts has made it a lot harder to have confidence that will not happen. In some industries, the term ''counterfeit' suggests an unauthorized fake, a knock-off of an original product. The definition of 'counterfeit' as it relates to electronic parts, which has been endorsed by DOD and defense contractors alike, includes both fakes and previously used parts that are made to look new and are sold as new. In March of this year, we announced an Armed Services Committee investigation into counterfeit parts in the DOD supply chain. During the course of the committee's investigation, virtually every one of the dozens of people our investigators have spoken with, from defense contractors to semiconductor manufacturers, to electronic component brokers--every one of them has pointed to China, specifically the City of Shenzhen in Guangdong Province as the primary source of counterfeit electronic parts. While this hearing is focused mainly on the national security implications of counterfeit electronic parts, the rampant theft of U.S. Intellectual Property by Chinese counterfeiters also severely impacts our economic security. According to the Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA), U.S. semiconductor manufacturers employ nearly 200,000 American workers. Counterfeiting puts those jobs at risk and robs us of American jobs yet to be created. The SIA estimates that counterfeiting costs U.S. semiconductor manufacturers $7.5 billion a year in lost revenue and costs U.S. workers nearly 11,000 jobs." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Thomas R. Sharpe, Richard J. Hillman accompanied by Timothy Persons, Brian C. Toohey, Patrick J. O'Reilly, Vivek Kamath, Ralph L. DeNino, and Charles Dabundo.
United States. Government Printing Office
2012
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Leveraging a Targeted Violence Prevention Program to Prevent Violent Extremism: A Formative Evaluation in Los Angeles
"The following report represents the results of a formative evaluation conducted from December 2015 to November 2016. The data and results reflect what was learned during that time period and are not intended to represent the status of subsequent efforts in Los Angeles. 'Countering Violent Extremism,' or CVE, refers to proactive actions to counter efforts by extremists to recruit, radicalize, and mobilize followers to violence. Fundamentally, CVE actions intend to address the conditions and reduce the factors that most likely contribute to recruitment and radicalization by violent extremists. Where possible, CVE should be incorporated into existing programs related to public safety, resilience, inclusion, and violence prevention. CVE efforts do not include gathering intelligence or performing investigations for the purpose of criminal prosecution."
United States. Department of Homeland Security; University of Illinois at Chicago; UCLA Center for Public Health and Disasters
Weine, Stevan M., 1961-; Eisenman, David P.; Glik, Deborah . . .
2018-09-20?
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Overcoming COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: United States Facing Steeper Uphill Struggle Than United Kingdom
From the Background: "Achieving a high overall vaccination rate is crucial for overcoming the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic (Randolph & Barreiro, 2020). To prevent widening health disparities, it is also important to increase vaccination rates among the diverse populations that are most gravely affected by the pandemic. [...] This policy brief analyzes data collected shortly before vaccines were formally approved. Our findings on vaccine willingness and trends around race and gender are broadly in line with findings of other surveys conducted after the approval of COVID-19 vaccines in the United States (Kim, 2021; Savoia et al., 2021; Social Experts Action Network, 2021) and the United Kingdom (Office for National Statistics, 2021; Sonawane, Troisi, & Deshmukh, 2021; University of Oxford, 2021). However, our study provides more detailed insights into the socioeconomic factors and information seeking behaviors associated with the willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine. It also examines in more depth the challenges faced by government, health experts, and media, to communicate reliable information about the pandemic, and suggests strategies to overcome them."
Michigan State University. Quello Center for Media and Information Policy
Reisdorf, Bianca C. (Bianca Christin), 1983-; Blank, Grant; Cotten, Shelia R. . . .
2021-03-21
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Cybersecurity, Terrorism, and Beyond: Addressing Evolving Threats to the Homeland, Hearing Before the U.S. Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, Second Session, September 10, 2014
This testimony compilation is from the September 10, 2014 hearing "Cybersecurity, Terrorism, and Beyond: Addressing Evolving Threats to the Homeland," held before the U.S. Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. From the opening statement of Thomas R. Carper: "Almost every year, this committee holds a hearing to review a multitude of threats to our homeland and examine how our government is working to counter them. We routinely hear from the Department of Homeland Security, the FBI and the National Counter Terrorism Center about how we can best keep Americans safe from those who seek to carry out deadly attacks against our country and its people. We also hear about actors in cyberspace that want to drain our bank accounts, shut down our financial system and our electric grid, steal our individually identifiable information and our identities, as well as the R & D [Research & Development] that will enable American businesses and our military to remain pre-eminent in the world. Assessing these ever-changing, broad threats and making sure our government continues to hone its ability to stop them remains a top priority for this committee, particularly as we approach another 9/11 anniversary. This year, our hearing takes on an added significance, as our nation confronts a growing terrorist threat in Iraq and Syria. As we sit here today, our military is engaging in limited airstrikes in Iraq in an effort to dislodge and repel that threat. Later this evening, President Obama will address our nation. He is expected to share with us and the world the steps that he is recommending be taken in Iraq and in Syria to reverse the expansion of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria and enable the people who live in those countries to reclaim their lives." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Thomas R. Carper, Francis X. Taylor, Suzanne E. Spaulding, Nicholas J. Rasmussen, and Robert Anderson, Jr.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
2014-09-10
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Examining the Evolving Cyber Insurance Marketplace, Hearing Before the U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, & Transportation, Subcommittee on Consumer Protection, Product Safety, Insurance, and Data Security, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, First Session, March 19, 2015
This testimony compilation is from the March 19, 2015 hearing, "Examining the Evolving Cyber Insurance Marketplace," before the U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, & Transportation, Subcommittee on Consumer Protection, Product Safety, Insurance, and Data Security. Taken from the summary of the press release: "The hearing will explore the growing cybersecurity risk insurance market and hear from experts about coverage, challenges, and opportunities in the industry and the impact on cybersecurity. The Committee's cybersecurity activity this Congress began with two hearings last month. The first hearing examined the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)'s partnership with the private sector to improve critical infrastructure cybersecurity. NIST's continuing role was codified in S. 1353, the Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-274), originally introduced by Commerce Committee Chairman John Thune (R-S.D.) and former Chairman Rockefeller (D-W.Va.). The second hearing informed Committee efforts in crafting a federal data breach bill." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Ben Beeson, Catherine Mulligan, Ola Sage, and Michael Menapace.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
2015-03-19
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Online Advertising and Hidden Hazards to Consumer Security and Data Privacy: Hearing Before the U.S. Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, Second Session, May 15, 2014
This is the May 15, 2014 hearing on "Online Advertising and Hidden Hazards to Consumer Security and Data Privacy" held before the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. From the Opening Statement of Senator Levin: "Good morning, everybody. For almost a year, the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations has been investigating hidden hazards to consumers' data privacy and security that results from online advertising. Our Subcommittee operates in a very bipartisan way, and our practices and our rules provide that the Ranking Minority Member may initiate an inquiry, and our tradition is for both sides of the aisle to work on investigations together, and our staffs work very closely together. This investigation was initiated and led by Senator McCain, so I would like to call on him to give his opening statement first, after which I will add a few additional remarks. But first I would like to commend Senator McCain for his leadership and his staff for their very hard work in addressing the facts and issues that are the subject of today's hearing. Senator McCain." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Alex Stamos, George Salem, Craig Spiezle, Maneesha Mithal, and Luigi Mastria.
United States. Government Printing Office
2014
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Data Breach on the Rise: Protecting Personal Information from Harm, Hearing Before U.S. Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, Second Session, April 2, 2014
This is a compilation of the April 2, 2014 hearing on "Data Breach on the Rise" held before the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. From the opening statement of Thomas R. Carper: "There is no doubt that technology has evolved rapidly, particularly over the last decade. And these advances will continue to grow exponentially in the coming years. Technology that, 10 years ago, could have been something out of a science-fiction movie, is now a part of our daily lives. As we embrace the latest technology both at home and in the workplace, there is little doubt that more of our sensitive personal information is at risk of being compromised. Whether it is stored on the electronic devices we use daily or on a company server, this data can be vulnerable to theft. As the way we communicate and do business has evolved, so have the tactics used by criminals to steal our money and personal information. Today's cyber criminals run sophisticated operations and are discovering how to manipulate computer networks and make off with troves of personal data. These data breaches have become much more prevalent, with a new one seemingly being reported almost every day." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Thomas R. Carper, Tom Coburn, Edith Ramirez, William Noonan, Gregory C. Wilshusen, Tim Pawlenty, Sandra L. Kennedy, and Tiffany O. Jones.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
2014-04-02
