Advanced search Help
Clear all search criteria
Only 2/3! You are seeing results from the Public Collection, not the complete Full Collection. Sign in to search everything (see eligibility).
-
Potential Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plans: Background and Issues for Congress [December 22, 2004]
"Navy and Department of Defense (DOD) officials reportedly are considering
reducing at least some parts of Navy force structure from current levels. In addition,
the Navy in the summer of 2004 reportedly submitted to the Office of the Secretary
of Defense a draft FY2006-FY2011 budget plan that would delay or reduce a number
of planned Navy shipbuilding programs. These developments have caused concern
among Members of Congress and others about potential DOD plans for the Navy and
the effect these plans might have on the shipbuilding industrial base.
The current absence of an officially approved, consensus plan for the size and
structure of the Navy may make it difficult, if not impossible, for Congress to
conduct effective oversight by reconciling desired Navy capabilities with planned
Navy force structure, and planned Navy force structure with supporting Navy
programs and budgets. It may also cause business-planning uncertainty for industry.
Statements from Navy officials suggest that the next Navy force structure plan
may call for a fleet of roughly 250 to 330 ships. Historical figures for the total
number of ships in the Navy are not necessarily a reliable yardstick for assessing the
adequacy of today's Navy or a future planned Navy that includes a certain number
of ships. Similarly, trends over time in the total number of ships in the Navy are not
necessarily a reliable indicator of the direction of change over time in the fleet's
ability to perform its stated missions. Current force-planning issues that Congress may consider in assessing how large
a Navy the United States needs include sea-based missile defense; the sea basing
concept for conducting expeditionary operations ashore; naval requirements for the
global war on terrorism and irregular conflicts; the possible emergence over the next
10 to 25 years of significantly more capable Chinese maritime military forces; new
technologies that may affect U.S. Navy ship capabilities; Navy ship homeporting
arrangements and deployment methods; DOD's increased emphasis on achieving full
jointness in U.S. military operations; and potential tradeoffs between funding Navy
requirements and funding competing defense requirements."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2004-12-22
-
Piracy off the Horn of Africa [April 24, 2009]
"Recent attacks, including those on U.S.-flagged vessels, in the waters off the Horn of Africa have brought new U.S. and international attention to the long-standing problem of piracy in the region. The International Maritime Bureau recorded 111 attacks in the waters off the Horn of Africa in 2008, almost double the number in 2007. As of April 20, 2009, The International Maritime Bureau had counted 84 attacks since January: approximately 300 non-U.S. crew members on 18 hijacked vessels remain in Somali captivity. […]. In January 2009, a multilateral Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia (CGPCS) was established to coordinate antipiracy efforts. U.S., NATO, European Union, regional, and other naval forces are currently patrolling waters near Somalia in coordination with a U.S.-led Task Force. Some members of the 111th Congress have expressed concern about the threat posed by piracy, and President Obama has stated that his Administration is resolved to halt the rise of piracy in the Horn of Africa region. On April 15, the Obama Administration outlined preliminary plans for a more robust policy response to the threat of piracy and pledged to continue working through multilateral coordination and enforcement mechanisms established during the Bush Administration. Most experts believe that the reestablishment of government authority in Somalia is the only guarantee that piracy will not persist or reemerge as a threat. Congress may seek to influence U.S. policy through oversight of U.S. military operations and diplomacy and through foreign assistance appropriations and authorizations."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald; Blanchard, Christopher M.; Blanchard, Lauren Ploch
2009-04-24
-
Piracy off the Horn of Africa [April 21, 2009]
"Recent attacks, including those on U.S.-flagged vessels, in the waters off the Horn of Africa have brought new U.S. and international attention to the long-standing problem of piracy in the region. The International Maritime Bureau recorded 111 attacks in the waters off the Horn of Africa in 2008, almost double the number in 2007. As of April 20, 2009, The International Maritime Bureau had counted 84 attacks since January: approximately 300 non-U.S. crew members on 18 hijacked vessels remain in Somali captivity. […]. In January 2009, a multilateral Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia (CGPCS) was established to coordinate antipiracy efforts. U.S., NATO, European Union, regional, and other naval forces are currently patrolling waters near Somalia in coordination with a U.S.-led Task Force. Some members of the 111th Congress have expressed concern about the threat posed by piracy, and President Obama has stated that his Administration is resolved to halt the rise of piracy in the Horn of Africa region. On April 15, the Obama Administration outlined preliminary plans for a more robust policy response to the threat of piracy and pledged to continue working through multilateral coordination and enforcement mechanisms established during the Bush Administration. Most experts believe that the reestablishment of government authority in Somalia is the only guarantee that piracy will not persist or reemerge as a threat. Congress may seek to influence U.S. policy through oversight of U.S. military operations and diplomacy and through foreign assistance appropriations and authorizations."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald; Blanchard, Christopher M.; Blanchard, Lauren Ploch
2009-04-21
-
Poverty in the United States: 2011 [September 27, 2012]
"In 2011, 46.2 million people were counted as poor in the United States, the same number as in 2010 and the largest number of persons counted as poor in the measure's 53-year recorded history. The poverty rate, or percent of the population considered poor under the official definition, was reported at 15.0% in 2011, statistically unchanged from 2010. The 2011 poverty rate of 15.0% is well above its most recent pre-recession low of 12.3% in 2006, and has reached the highest level seen in the past 18 years (1993). The increase in poverty over the past four years reflects the effects of the economic recession that began in December 2007. Some analysts expect poverty to remain above pre-recessionary levels for as long as a decade, and perhaps longer, given the depth of the recession and slow pace of economic recovery. The pre-recession poverty rate of 12.3% in 2006 was well above the 11.3% rate at the beginning of the decade, in 2000, which marked a historical low previously attained in 1973 (11.1%, a rate statistically tied with the 2000 poverty rate). The incidence of poverty varies widely across the population according to age, education, labor force attachment, family living arrangements, and area of residence, among other factors. Under the official poverty definition, an average family of four was considered poor in 2011 if its pretax cash income for the year was below $23,021."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Gabe, Thomas
2012-09-27
-
Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008 (Post-9/11 GI Bill): Primer and Issues [September 21, 2012]
"This report provides a detailed description of the Post-9/11 GI Bill [veterans educational assistance program] and related issues. The first section describes the participant eligibility criteria. The second section indicates a participant's entitlement to benefits and the period during which the benefits must be used. The third section describes the eligible programs of education. The subsequent section explains the eligible benefit payments. This is followed by descriptions of the two Post-9/11 GI Bill provisions for dependents�"�the Marine Gunnery Sergeant John David Fry Scholarship Program and the transferability option. The final sections illustrate key links to other programs administered by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), present data on obligations and participation, and portray key issues that may be addressed by Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Dortch, Cassandria
2012-09-21
-
Poverty in the United States: 2011 [September 13, 2012]
"In 2011, 46.2 million people were counted as poor in the United States, the same number as in 2010 and the largest number of persons counted as poor in the measure's 53-year recorded history. The 'poverty rate,' or percent of the population considered poor under the official definition, was reported at 15.0% in 2011, statistically unchanged from 2010. The 2011 poverty rate of 15.0% is well above its most recent pre-recession low of 12.3% in 2006, and has reached the highest level seen in the past 18 years (1993). The increase in poverty over the past four years reflects the effects of the economic recession that began in December 2007. Some analysts expect poverty to remain above pre-recessionary levels for as long as a decade, and perhaps longer, given the depth of the recession and slow pace of economic recovery. The pre-recession poverty rate of 12.3% in 2006 was well above the 11.3% rate at the beginning of the decade, in 2000, which marked a historical low previously attained in 1973 (11.1%, a rate statistically tied with the 2000 poverty rate). The incidence of poverty varies widely across the population according to age, education, labor force attachment, family living arrangements, and area of residence, among other factors. Under the official poverty definition, an average family of four was considered poor in 2011 if its pretax cash income for the year was below $23,021."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Gabe, Thomas
2012-09-13
-
Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs [January 3, 2013]
"In the midst of national concern over illicit drug use and abuse, prescription drug abuse has been described by the Centers for Disease Control as an epidemic in the United States. Nearly all prescription drugs involved in overdoses are originally prescribed by a physician (rather than, for example, being stolen from pharmacies). Thus, attention has been directed toward preventing the diversion of prescription drugs after the prescriptions are dispensed. Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) maintain statewide electronic databases of prescriptions dispensed for controlled substances (i.e., prescription drugs of abuse that are subject to stricter government regulation). Information collected by PDMPs may be used to support access to and legitimate medical use of controlled substances; identify or prevent drug abuse and diversion; facilitate the identification of prescription drug-addicted individuals and enable intervention and treatment; outline drug use and abuse trends to inform public health initiatives; or educate individuals about prescription drug use, abuse, and diversion as well as about PDMPs."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Finklea, Kristin M.; Bagalman, Erin; Sacco, Lisa N.
2013-01-03
-
Post-Employment, 'Revolving Door,' Laws for Federal Personnel [September 13, 2012]
"Federal personnel may be subject to certain conflict of interest restrictions on private employment activities even after they leave service for the United States Government. These restrictions-- applicable when one enters private employment after having left federal government service--are often referred to as 'revolving door' laws. For the most part, other than the narrow restrictions specific to procurement officials or bank examiners, these laws restrict only certain representational types of activities for private employers, such as lobbying or advocacy directed to, and which attempt to influence, current federal officials."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Maskell, Jack
2012-09-13
-
Sino-Soviet Border Conflict: Deterrence, Escalation, and the Threat of Nuclear War in 1969
"In 2009, the Advanced Systems and Concepts Office of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA/ASCO) asked CNA [Center for Naval Analyses] to conduct a series of case studies on Cold War crises involving nuclear weapons. The objective is to analyze past cases in which nuclear weapons played a role in order to better understand whether, when, and how nuclear weapons affect political and military decision-making and crisis outcomes, and to glean new lessons for current and future nuclear challenges. Given the limited amount of data on nuclear interactions, and given the methodological challenges of 'proving' deterrence, fresh analysis of the historical record provides an important empirical foundation for designing and implementing effective U.S. nuclear policies. A key element of this research is the emphasis on historical cases that have not been well examined in the existing policy and academic literature. In addition, we focus on cases in which new primary and secondary source materials are available that can shed new light on the role of nuclear weapons in decision-making. By selecting previously under-developed cases and relying on new source materials, this project seeks to advance our understanding of nuclear interactions and add new empirical evidence to the bank of knowledge that is used to inform U.S. nuclear policy decisions in peacetime and especially in crises. The 1969 Sino-Soviet border conflict, the first case we examine in this series, serves as a crucial 'test case' for this line of research. [...] This study constructs an interpretive, chronological narrative of the decisions and events surrounding the 1969 Sino-Soviet border conflict. Although the main fighting between Chinese and Russian forces occurred in March 1969, the nuclear dimensions of the conflict took shape in the following months. After developing the narrative, the study extrapolates key insights and lessons from this case that can be useful for current and future nuclear challenges. The goal is not to develop and promulgate concrete and universal propositions about future nuclear interactions; rather, we use the empirical record to raise a number of possibilities, issues, and considerations that should be taken into account when developing and implementing U.S. strategies for future nuclear contingencies. Since much of today's thinking about nuclear deterrence and nuclear crisis management is based on untested theories and general guiding principles, the examination of this and other case studies can refine -- and perhaps challenge -- long-held views and assumptions about nuclear deterrence and crisis behavior." Note: This document has been added to the Homeland Security Digital Library in agreement with the Project on Advanced Systems and Concepts for Countering WMD (PASCC) as part of the PASCC collection. Permission to download and/or retrieve this resource has been obtained through PASCC.
Center for Naval Analyses
Gerson, Michael S.
2010-11
-
Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs [July 10, 2012]
"In the midst of national concern over illicit drug use and abuse, prescription drug abuse has been identified as the United States' fastest growing drug problem. Nearly all prescription drugs involved in overdoses are originally prescribed by a physician (rather than, for example, being stolen from pharmacies). Thus, attention has been directed toward preventing the diversion of prescription drugs after the prescriptions are dispensed. Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) maintain statewide electronic databases of prescriptions dispensed for controlled substances (i.e., prescription drugs of abuse that are subject to stricter government regulation). Information collected by PDMPs may be used to support access to and legitimate medical use of controlled substances; identify or prevent drug abuse and diversion; facilitate the identification of prescription drug-addicted individuals and enable intervention and treatment; outline drug use and abuse trends to inform public health initiatives; or educate individuals about prescription drug use, abuse, and diversion as well as about PDMPs."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Finklea, Kristin M.; Sacco, Lisa N.; Bagalman, Erin
2012-07-10
-
Pipeline Safety and Security: Federal Programs [Updated February 26, 2007]
"Nearly half a million miles of oil and gas transmission pipeline crisscross the United States. While an efficient and fundamentally safe means of transport, many pipelines carry hazardous materials with the potential to cause public injury and environmental damage. The nation's pipeline networks are also widespread, running alternately through remote and densely populated regions; consequently, these systems are vulnerable to accidents and terrorist attack. Congress is examining the progress of federal efforts to protect pipelines as it considers reauthorization of the federal Office of Pipeline Safety under the Pipeline Safety Improvement Act of 2006 (H.R. 5782) and the Pipeline Inspection, Protection, Enforcement, and Safety Act of 2006 (S. 3961). Congress is also considering proposals to expand the pipeline security activities of the Transportation Security Administration under the Transportation Security Improvement Act of 2005 (S. 1052). The Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS), within the Department of Transportation (DOT), is the lead federal regulator of pipeline safety. The OPS uses a variety of strategies to promote compliance with its safety regulations, including inspections, investigation of safety incidents, and maintaining a dialogue with pipeline operators. The agency clarifies its regulatory expectations through a range of communications and relies upon a range of enforcement actions to ensure that pipeline operators correct safety violations and take preventive measures to preclude future problems. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA), within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), is the lead federal agency for security in all modes of transportation - including pipelines. The agency oversees industry's identification and protection of pipelines by developing security standards; implementing measures to mitigate security risk; building stakeholder relations; and monitoring compliance with security standards, requirements, and regulation. While the OPS and TSA have distinct missions, pipeline safety and security are intertwined. Although pipeline impacts on the environment remain a concern of some public interest groups, both federal government and industry representatives suggest that federal pipeline programs have been on the right track. As oversight of the federal role in pipeline safety and security continues, questions may be raised concerning the effectiveness of state pipeline damage prevention programs, the promulgation of low-stress pipeline regulations, federal pipeline safety enforcement, the relationship between DHS and the DOT with respect to pipeline security, and particular provisions in federal pipeline safety regulation."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Parfomak, Paul W.
2007-02-26
-
Pipeline Safety and Security: Federal Programs [Updated January 25, 2007]
"Nearly half a million miles of oil and gas transmission pipeline crisscross the United States. While an efficient and fundamentally safe means of transport, many pipelines carry hazardous materials with the potential to cause public injury and environmental damage. The nation's pipeline networks are also widespread, running alternately through remote and densely populated regions; consequently, these systems are vulnerable to accidents and terrorist attack. Congress is examining the progress of federal efforts to protect pipelines as it considers reauthorization of the federal Office of Pipeline Safety under the Pipeline Safety Improvement Act of 2006 (H.R. 5782) and the Pipeline Inspection, Protection, Enforcement, and Safety Act of 2006 (S. 3961). Congress is also considering proposals to expand the pipeline security activities of the Transportation Security Administration under the Transportation Security Improvement Act of 2005 (S. 1052). The Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS), within the Department of Transportation (DOT), is the lead federal regulator of pipeline safety. The OPS uses a variety of strategies to promote compliance with its safety regulations, including inspections, investigation of safety incidents, and maintaining a dialogue with pipeline operators. The agency clarifies its regulatory expectations through a range of communications and relies upon a range of enforcement actions to ensure that pipeline operators correct safety violations and take preventive measures to preclude future problems. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA), within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), is the lead federal agency for security in all modes of transportation - including pipelines. The agency oversees industry's identification and protection of pipelines by developing security standards; implementing measures to mitigate security risk; building stakeholder relations; and monitoring compliance with security standards, requirements, and regulation. While the OPS and TSA have distinct missions, pipeline safety and security are intertwined. Although pipeline impacts on the environment remain a concern of some public interest groups, both federal government and industry representatives suggest that federal pipeline programs have been on the right track. As oversight of the federal role in pipeline safety and security continues, questions may be raised concerning the effectiveness of state pipeline damage prevention programs, the promulgation of low-stress pipeline regulations, federal pipeline safety enforcement, the relationship between DHS and the DOT with respect to pipeline security, and particular provisions in federal pipeline safety regulation."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Parfomak, Paul W.
2007-01-25
-
Posse Comitatus Act and Related Matters: A Sketch [August 21, 2012]
"The Posse Comitatus Act states that: Whoever, except in cases and under circumstances expressly authorized by the Constitution or Act of Congress, willfully uses any part of the Army or the Air Force as a posse comitatus or otherwise to execute the laws shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than two years, or both. 18 U.S.C. §1385. It reflects an American tradition that bridles at military involvement in civilian affairs. Congress, however, has approved a number of instances where extraordinary circumstances warrant a departure from the general rule, particularly in cases where the armed forces provide civilian assistance without becoming directly involved in civilian law enforcement. This is an abridged version of CRS [Congressional Research Report] Report R42659, 'The Posse Comitatus Act and Related Matters: The Use of the Military to Execute Civilian Law,' in which the authorities for the statements made here may be found."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Elsea, Jennifer
2012-08-21
-
Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008 (Post-9/11 GI Bill): Primer and Issues [July 28, 2014]
"The Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008 (Post-9/11 GI Bill®)--enacted as Title V of the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2008 (P.L. 110-252) on June 30, 2008--is the newest GI Bill and went into effect on August 1, 2009. There were four main drivers for the Post-9/11 GI Bill: (1) providing parity of benefits for reservists and members of the regular Armed Forces, (2) ensuring comprehensive educational benefits, (3) meeting military recruiting goals, and (4) improving military retention through transferability of benefits. By FY2010, the program had the largest numbers of participants and the highest total obligations compared to the other GI Bills. The Post-9/11 GI Bill provides benefits to veterans and servicemembers who serve on active duty after September 10, 2001. Participants may be eligible for payments to cover tuition and fees, housing, books and supplies, tutorial and relocation assistance, and testing and certification fees. Individuals who serve on active duty for 36 months after September 10, 2001, may receive a tuition and fees benefit of up to the amount of in-state tuition and fees charged when enrolled in public institutions of higher learning (IHLs), or up to $19,198.31 when enrolled in private IHLs in academic year 2013-2014. Benefit payments vary depending on the participant's active duty status, length of qualifying active duty, rate of pursuit, and program of education. There are two mechanisms by which dependents of individuals with military service may be eligible for Post-9/11 GI Bill benefits. Transferred Post-9/11 GI Bill benefits may be available to the dependents of servicemembers who stay in the military for at least 10 years. Also, the Post- 9/11 GI Bill Marine Gunnery Sergeant John David Fry Scholarship Program may be available to the children of servicemembers who die while serving on active duty in the line of duty."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Dortch, Cassandria
2014-07-28
-
Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs [March 24, 2014]
"In the midst of national concern over illicit drug use and abuse, prescription drug abuse has been described by the Centers for Disease Control as an epidemic in the United States. Nearly all prescription drugs involved in overdoses are originally prescribed by a physician (rather than, for example, being stolen from pharmacies). Thus, attention has been directed toward preventing the diversion of prescription drugs after the prescriptions are dispensed. Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) maintain statewide electronic databases of prescriptions dispensed for controlled substances (i.e., prescription drugs of abuse that are subject to stricter government regulation). Information collected by PDMPs may be used to support access to and legitimate medical use of controlled substances; identify or prevent drug abuse and diversion; facilitate the identification of prescription drug-addicted individuals and enable intervention and treatment; outline drug use and abuse trends to inform public health initiatives; or educate individuals about prescription drug use, abuse, and diversion as well as about PDMPs. How PDMPs are organized and operated varies among states. Each state determines which agency houses the PDMP; which controlled substances must be reported; which types of dispensers are required to submit data (e.g., pharmacies); how often data are collected; who may access information in the PDMP database (e.g., prescribers, dispensers, or law enforcement); the circumstances under which the information may (or must) be accessed; and what enforcement mechanisms are in place for noncompliance."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Finklea, Kristin M.; Sacco, Lisa N.; Bagalman, Erin
2014-03-24
-
Post-Employment, 'Revolving Door,' Laws for Federal Personnel [January 7, 2014]
"Conflict of interest regulations and restrictions on certain private employment opportunities for a federal officer or employee do not necessarily end with the termination of the officer's or employee's federal service. This report is intended to provide a brief history and description of the provisions of federal law restricting employment opportunities and activities of federal employees after they leave the service of the executive or legislative branches of the federal government. The conflict of interest provisions applicable after one leaves government service to enter private employment are often referred to as 'revolving door' laws."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Maskell, Jack
2014-01-07
-
Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers: ePlex® Respiratory Pathogen Panel 2, GenMark Diagnostics, Inc.
From the Document: "This Fact Sheet informs you of the significant known and potential risks and benefits of the emergency use of the ePlex Respiratory Pathogen Panel 2. The ePlex Respiratory Pathogen Panel 2 is authorized for use with nasopharyngeal swab specimens collected from individuals suspected of respiratory viral infection consistent with COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2010] by their health care provider."
United States. Food and Drug Administration
2020-10-07
-
Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers: Beckman Coulter, Inc., Access SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM
From the Document: "This Fact Sheet informs you of the significant known and potential risks and benefits of the emergency use of the Access SARS‐CoV‐2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] IgM [Immunoglobulin M]. [...] The Access SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM is authorized for the detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in human serum and plasma."
United States. Food and Drug Administration
2020-10-08
-
DHS Grants and Contracts Awarded Through Other Than Full and Open Competition, FYs 2018 and 2019
From the DHS OIG (Department of Homeland Security, Office of Inspector General) Highlights: "The Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2019 required DHS to submit a report to the Office of Inspector General listing all grants and contracts awarded by any means other than full and open competition (OTFOC) during fiscal years 2018 and 2019. We reviewed the report to assess DHS' compliance with applicable laws and regulations. This report contains two recommendations aimed at improving DHS' future reporting submissions."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2021-02-01
-
Navy Columbia (SSBN-826) Class Ballistic Missile Submarine Program: Background and Issues for Congress [July 31, 2018]
"The Columbia (SSBN-826) class program, previously known as the Ohio replacement program (ORP) or SSBN(X) program, is a program to design and build a new class of 12 ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) to replace the Navy's current force of 14 Ohio-class SSBNs. The Navy has identified the Columbia-class program as the Navy's top priority program. The Navy wants to procure the first Columbia-class boat in FY2021. The Navy's proposed FY2019 budget requests $3,005.3 million in advance procurement (AP) funding and $704.9 million in research and development funding for the program. [...] Issues for Congress for the Columbia-class program for FY2019 include the following: [1] whether to approve, reject, or modify the Navy's FY2019 funding requests for the program; [2] cost, schedule, and technical risk in the Columbia-class program; and [3] the prospective affordability of the Columbia-class program and its potential impact on funding available for other Navy programs. This report focuses on the Columbia-class program as a Navy shipbuilding program. CRS Report RL33640, U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues, by Amy F. Woolf, discusses the Columbia class as an element of future U.S. strategic nuclear forces in the context of strategic nuclear arms control agreements."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2018-07-31
-
Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 5187, Housing is Infrastructure Act of 2020
This is the Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Financial Services on February 28, 2020. From the Bill Summary: "H.R. 5187 would authorize the appropriation of $100.6 billion for fiscal year 2021 for housing and community development programs. In addition, the bill would authorize the appropriation of whatever amounts are necessary for capital and operating subsidies for new housing, which CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates would total $855 million over the 2021-2025 period. CBO estimates that H.R. 5187 would authorize appropriations totaling $100.7 billion in 2021 and $101.5 billion over the 2021-2025 period. The Congress appropriated $20.8 billion for those programs in 2020."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2020-12-22
-
Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 2757, HELP for Small Business Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs on March 11, 2020. From the Document: "S. 2757 would direct federal agencies to waive fines on small businesses for first-time violations of reporting requirements. Those waivers would not apply if the agency determines the violation was intended to cover criminal activity, related to tax collections, not corrected in a timely manner, or dangerous to public health and safety. Agencies would be required to track and report on the waived fines."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2020-12-09
-
Impact of COVID-19 on School Re-Opening [video]
This resource is a recording of the October 1, 2020 webinar "The Impact of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] on School Re-Opening" hosted by the National Association of County & City Health Officials. The duration of the video is 1 hour, 24 minutes, and 30 seconds.
National Association of County & City Health Officials (U.S.)
2020-10-01
-
Navy Columbia Class (Ohio Replacement) Ballistic Missile Submarine (SSBN[X]) Program: Background and Issues for Congress [May 12, 2017]
"The Navy's proposed FY2017 budget requests $773.1 million in advance procurement (AP) funding and $1,091.1 million in research and development funding for the Columbia class program, previously known as the Ohio replacement program (ORP) or SSBN(X) program, a program to design and build a new class of 12 ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) to replace the Navy's current force of 14 Ohio-class SSBNs. The Navy has identified the Columbia class program as the Navy's top priority program. The Navy wants to procure the first Columbia-class boat in FY2021, and the $773.1 million in AP funding requested for FY2017 represents the initial procurement funding for that boat. The Navy as of January 2017 estimates the procurement cost of the lead ship in the class at $8.2 billion in constant 2017 dollars, not including several billion dollars in additional cost for plans for the class, and the average unit procurement cost of ships 2 through 12 in the program at $6.5 billion each in constant FY2017 dollars. A March 2017 GAO [Government Accountability Office] report assessing selected major DOD weapon acquisition programs stated that the estimated total acquisition cost of the Columbia class program is $100,221.9 million (about $100.2 billion) in constant FY2017 dollars, including $12,648.1 million (about $12.6 billion) in research and development costs and $87,426.5 million (about $87.4 billion) in procurement costs. Observers are concerned about the impact the Columbia class program will have on the Navy's ability to fund the procurement of other types of ships at desired rates in the 2020s and early 2030s."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2017-05-12
-
Ninth Circuit Decision Allows Termination of Temporary Protected Status for Sudan, Nicaragua, and El Salvador to Go Forward [Updated January 12, 2021]
From the Document: "Certain non-U.S. nationals (aliens) who otherwise might be subject to removal from the United States may stay and work here when the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) designates their countries for Temporary Protected Status (TPS) because of unstable or dangerous conditions in those countries. In 2017 and 2018, DHS announced the termination of TPS designations for Sudan, Nicaragua, Haiti, El Salvador, Nepal, and Honduras. The agency's decisions affect more than 400,000 TPS beneficiaries from those six countries who may no longer be authorized to remain in the United States upon the effective termination date of the countries' TPS designations. Several lawsuits have challenged DHS's decisions on various constitutional and statutory grounds. Recently, in 'Ramos v. Wolf', the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit reversed a lower court's preliminary injunction enjoining DHS from ending the TPS designations for four of those countries--Sudan, Nicaragua, Haiti, and El Salvador. A separate challenge to the termination of the TPS designations for Honduras and Nepal remains pending in federal district court. The Ninth Circuit decision does not affect a separate injunction by a court outside the Ninth Circuit barring the termination of the TPS designation for Haiti. This Legal Sidebar examines the Ninth Circuit's decision and the implications that decision may have for TPS recipients."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Smith, Hillel R.
2021-01-12
-
Executive Order 14013: Rebuilding and Enhancing Programs to Resettle Refugees and Planning for the Impact of Climate Change on Migration
From the Document: "The long tradition of the United States as a leader in refugee resettlement provides a beacon of hope for persecuted people around the world, promotes stability in regions experiencing conflict, and facilitates international collaboration to address the global refugee crisis. Through the United States Refugee Admissions Program (USRAP), the Federal Government, cooperating with private partners and American citizens in communities across the country, demonstrates the generosity and core values of our Nation, while benefitting from the many contributions that refugees make to our country."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Biden, Joseph R., Jr.
2021-02-04
-
Navy Columbia (SSBN-826) Class Ballistic Missile Submarine Program: Background and Issues for Congress [March 13, 2018]
"This report provides background information and potential oversight issues for Congress on the Columbia-class program, a program to design and build a new class of 12 ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) to replace the Navy's current force of 14 Ohio-class SSBNs. The program was previously known as the Ohio replacement program (ORP) or SSBN(X) program. The Navy has identified the Columbia-class program as the Navy's top priority program. The Navy wants to procure the first Columbia-class boat in FY2021. The Navy's proposed FY2019 budget requests $3,005.3 million in advance procurement (AP) funding and $704.9 million in research and development funding for the program. The program poses a number of funding and oversight issues for Congress. Decisions that Congress makes on the Columbia-class program could substantially affect U.S. military capabilities and funding requirements, and the U.S. shipbuilding industrial base."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2018-03-13
-
Unauthorized Alien Students: Issues and 'DREAM Act' Legislation [December 14, 2010]
"Supporters of comprehensive immigration reform have urged the President and Congress to pursue reform legislation. While legislative action on comprehensive reform does not appear likely during the remainder of the 111th Congress, there are efforts to enact a measure, commonly referred to as the 'DREAM Act,' to enable certain unauthorized alien students to legalize their status. On December 8, 2010, the House approved DREAM Act language as part of an unrelated bill, the Removal Clarification Act of 2010 (H.R. 5281). Unauthorized aliens in the United States are able to receive free public education through high school. They may experience difficulty obtaining higher education, however, for several reasons. Among these reasons is a provision enacted in 1996 that prohibits states from granting unauthorized aliens certain postsecondary educational benefits on the basis of state residence, unless equal benefits are made available to all U.S. citizens. This prohibition is commonly understood to apply to the granting of 'in-state' residency status for tuition purposes. Unauthorized alien students also are not eligible for federal student financial aid. More broadly, as unauthorized aliens, they are not legally allowed to work and are subject to being removed from the country."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra
2010-12-14
-
Unauthorized Alien Students: Issues and 'DREAM Act' Legislation [December 1, 2010]
"Supporters of comprehensive immigration reform have urged the President and Congress to pursue reform legislation. While legislative action on comprehensive reform does not appear likely during the remainder of the 111th Congress, there may be an effort to enact a measure, commonly referred to as the 'DREAM Act,' to enable certain unauthorized alien students to legalize their status. Unauthorized aliens in the United States are able to receive free public education through high school. They may experience difficulty obtaining higher education, however, for several reasons. Among these reasons is a provision enacted in 1996 that prohibits states from granting unauthorized aliens certain postsecondary educational benefits on the basis of state residence, unless equal benefits are made available to all U.S. citizens. This prohibition is commonly understood to apply to the granting of 'in-state' residency status for tuition purposes. Unauthorized alien students also are not eligible for federal student financial aid. More broadly, as unauthorized aliens, they are not legally allowed to work and are subject to being removed from the country. Multiple bills have been introduced in recent Congresses to address the unauthorized student population. Most have proposed a two-prong approach of repealing the 1996 provision and enabling some unauthorized alien students to become U.S. legal permanent residents (LPRs) through an immigration procedure known as cancellation of removal."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra
2010-12-01
-
Unauthorized Alien Students: Issues and 'DREAM Act' Legislation [September 22, 2010]
"Supporters of comprehensive immigration reform have urged the President and Congress to pursue reform legislation. While legislative action on comprehensive reform does not appear likely during the remainder of the 111th Congress, there may be an effort to enact a measure, commonly referred to as the 'DREAM [Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors] Act,' to enable certain unauthorized alien students to legalize their status. Unauthorized aliens in the United States are able to receive free public education through high school. They may experience difficulty obtaining higher education, however, for several reasons. Among these reasons is a provision enacted in 1996 that prohibits states from granting unauthorized aliens certain postsecondary educational benefits on the basis of state residence, unless equal benefits are made available to all U.S. citizens. This prohibition is commonly understood to apply to the granting of 'in-state' residency status for tuition purposes. [...] More broadly, as unauthorized aliens, they are not legally allowed to work and are subject to being removed from the country. Multiple bills have been introduced in recent Congresses to address the unauthorized student population. Most have proposed a two-prong approach of repealing the 1996 provision and enabling some unauthorized alien students to become U.S. legal permanent residents (LPRs) through an immigration procedure known as cancellation of removal. Bills proposing this type of relief for unauthorized students are commonly referred to as the DREAM Act. While there are other options for dealing with this population, this report deals exclusively with the DREAM Act approach in light of the widespread congressional interest in it."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra
2010-09-22
