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• Use of the Annual Appropriations Process to Block Implementation of the Affordable Care Act (FY2011-FY2016) [July 10, 2015]

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  "Congress remains deeply divided over implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), the health reform law enacted in March 2010. Since the ACA's enactment, lawmakers opposed to specific provisions in the ACA or the entire law have repeatedly debated its implementation and considered bills to repeal, defund, delay, or otherwise amend the law. In addition to considering ACA repeal or amendment in authorizing legislation, some lawmakers have used the annual appropriations process in an effort to eliminate funding for the ACA's implementation and address other aspects of the law. ACA-related provisions have been included in enacted appropriations acts each year since the ACA became law. In October 2013, disagreement between the Republican-led House and Democratic-controlled Senate over the inclusion of ACA language in a temporary spending bill for the new fiscal year (i.e., FY2014) resulted in a partial shutdown of government operations that lasted 16 days. The House Appropriations Committee has added numerous ACA-related provisions to annual appropriations acts since the Republicans regained control of the House in 2011. Most of these provisions were included in the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies ('Labor-HHS-ED') Appropriations Act, which funds the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). A few were incorporated in the Financial Services and General Government ('Financial Services') Appropriations Act, which funds the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). By comparison, the Labor-HHS-ED and Financial Services appropriations bills drafted by the Senate Appropriations Committee were largely free of any ACA-related provisions while the committee remained under Democratic control through 2014."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Redhead, C. Stephen; Cornell, Ada S.

  2015-07-10
• Use of the Annual Appropriations Process to Block Implementation of the Affordable Care Act (FY2011-FY2016) [September 21, 2015]

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  From the Summary: "Congress remains deeply divided over implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), the health reform law enacted in March 2010. Since the ACA's enactment, lawmakers opposed to specific provisions in the ACA or the entire law have repeatedly debated its implementation and considered bills to repeal, defund, delay, or otherwise amend the law. In addition to considering ACA repeal or amendment in authorizing legislation, some lawmakers have used the annual appropriations process in an effort to eliminate funding for the ACA's implementation and address other aspects of the law. ACA-related provisions have been included in enacted appropriations acts each year since the ACA became law. In October 2013, disagreement between the Republican-led House and Democratic-controlled Senate over the inclusion of ACA language in a temporary spending bill for the new fiscal year (i.e., FY2014) resulted in a partial shutdown of government operations that lasted 16 days."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Redhead, C. Stephen; Cornell, Ada S.

  2015-09-21
• Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA): Resources for Frequently Asked Questions [March 27, 2015]

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  "The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148, as amended) has numerous provisions affecting private health insurance and public health coverage programs. This report provides resources to help congressional staff respond to constituents' frequently asked questions (FAQs) about the law. The report lists selected resources regarding consumers, employers, and other stakeholders, with a focus on federal sources. It also lists CRS [Congressional Research Service] reports that summarize the ACA's provisions. The report begins with links to contacts for specific ACA questions, such as consumer assistance programs, state agencies, and local organizations that can answer constituents' questions directly. For example, the federal HealthCare.gov website has a consumer telephone hotline for questions on exchange (marketplace) coverage, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has individual and employer hotlines for tax-related questions (e.g., about premium tax credits), and the U.S. Department of Labor has a consumer hotline for questions on employer-based coverage. The report also lists sources for congressional staff to contact federal agencies with ACA questions."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Napili, Angela

  2015-03-27
• Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA): Resources for Frequently Asked Questions [March 11, 2015]

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  "The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. [Public Law] 111-148, as amended) has numerous provisions affecting private health insurance and public health coverage programs. This report provides resources to help congressional staff respond to constituents' frequently asked questions (FAQs) about the law. The report lists selected resources regarding consumers, employers, and other stakeholders, with a focus on federal sources. It also lists CRS [Congressional Research Service] reports that summarize the ACA's provisions. The report begins with links to contacts for specific ACA questions, such as consumer assistance programs, state agencies, and local organizations that can answer constituents' questions directly. For example, the federal HealthCare.gov website has a consumer telephone hotline for questions on exchange (marketplace) coverage, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has individual and employer hotlines for tax-related questions (e.g., about premium tax credits), and the U.S. Department of Labor has a consumer hotline for questions on employer-based coverage. The report also lists sources for congressional staff to contact federal agencies with ACA questions."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Napili, Angela

  2015-03-11
• Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA): Resources for Frequently Asked Questions [January 8, 2015]

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  "The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148, as amended) has numerous provisions affecting private health insurance and public health coverage programs. This report provides resources to help congressional staff respond to constituents' frequently asked questions (FAQs) about the law. The report lists selected resources regarding consumers, employers, and other stakeholders, with a focus on federal sources. It also lists CRS reports that summarize the ACA's provisions. The report begins with links to contacts for specific ACA questions, such as consumer assistance programs, state agencies, and local organizations that can answer constituents' questions directly. For example, the federal HealthCare.gov website has a consumer telephone hotline for questions on exchange (marketplace) coverage, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has individual and employer hotlines for tax-related questions (e.g., about premium tax credits), and the U.S. Department of Labor has a consumer hotline for questions on employer-based coverage. The report also lists sources for congressional staff to contact federal agencies with ACA questions. The report provides basic consumer sources, including a glossary of health coverage terms. The next sections focus on health coverage: the individual mandate, private health insurance, and exchanges, as well as public health care programs, such as Medicaid and the State Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), Medicare, Indian health care, and veterans' and military health care. It then lists sources on employer-sponsored coverage, including sources on employer penalties, small businesses, federal workers' health plans, and union health plans. It also provides sources on the ACA's provisions on mental health, public health, workforce, quality, and taxes. Finally, the report lists sources on ACA costs and appropriations, legal issues, the treatment of noncitizens under the ACA, and sources for obtaining the law's full text."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Napili, Angela

  2015-01-08
• Legislative Research for Congressional Staff: How to Find Documents and Other Resources [June 22, 2015]

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  From the Document: "This report is one of a series of reports on legislative process and research; it is intended to serve as a finding aid to sources of information, such as documents, news articles, analysis, contacts, and services, used in legislative research. […] This report is not intended to be a definitive list of all resources, but rather a guide to pertinent subscriptions available in the House and Senate in addition to select resources freely available to the public. This report for use by Members and congressional office staff will be updated annually."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Cornell, Ada S.; Greene, Michael; Hanson, Laura A.

  2015-06-22
• Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA): Resources for Frequently Asked Questions [September 28, 2017]

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  "The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148, as amended) has numerous provisions affecting private health insurance and public health coverage programs. This report provides resources to help congressional staff respond to constituents' frequently asked questions (FAQs) about the law. The report lists selected resources regarding consumers, employers, and other stakeholders, with a focus on federal sources. It also lists Congressional Research Service (CRS) reports that summarize the ACA's provisions. The report begins with links to contacts for constituents' specific questions on insurance coverage (such as state insurance departments and the U.S. Department of Labor's consumer hotline for questions on employer-based coverage) as well as contacts for questions about HealthCare.gov and ACA tax provisions. The report also lists sources for congressional staff to contact federal agencies with ACA questions."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Napili, Angela

  2017-09-28
• Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA): Resources for Frequently Asked Questions [December 6, 2018]

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  "The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148, as amended) had numerous provisions affecting private health insurance and public health coverage programs. This report provides resources to help congressional staff respond to constituents' frequently asked questions (FAQs) about the ACA. It lists selected resources regarding consumers, employers, and other stakeholders, with a focus on federal sources. It also lists Congressional Research Service (CRS) reports that summarize the ACA's provisions. This report begins with links to contacts for constituents' specific questions on insurance coverage (such as state insurance departments and the U.S. Department of Labor's consumer hotline for questions on employer-based coverage) and contacts for questions about HealthCare.gov and ACA tax provisions. It also lists sources for congressional staff to contact federal agencies with ACA questions. The report then provides basic consumer sources, including a glossary of health coverage terms and sources for obtaining the law's full text. The next sections focus on the individual mandate, private health insurance, exchanges,and employer-sponsored coverage. These are followed by information on public health care programs, such as Medicaid, the State Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), and Medicare."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Napili, Angela

  2018-12-06
• Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA): Resources for Frequently Asked Questions [October 23, 2018]

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  "The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148, as amended) had numerous provisions affecting private health insurance and public health coverage programs. This report provides resources to help congressional staff respond to constituents' frequently asked questions (FAQs) about the ACA. It lists selected resources regarding consumers, employers, and other stakeholders, with a focus on federal sources.It also lists Congressional Research Service (CRS) reports that summarize the ACA's provisions. This report begins with links to contacts for constituents' specific questions on insurance coverage (such as state insurance departments and the U.S. Department of Labor's consumer hotline for questions on employer-based coverage) and contacts for questions about HealthCare.gov and ACA tax provisions. It also lists sources for congressional staff to contact federal agencies with ACA questions."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Napili, Angela

  2018-10-23
• Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA): Resources for Frequently Asked Questions [April 3, 2017]

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  From the Summary: "The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148, as amended) has numerous provisions affecting private health insurance and public health coverage programs. This report provides resources to help congressional staff respond to constituents' frequently asked questions (FAQs) about the law. The report lists selected resources regarding consumers, employers, and other stakeholders, with a focus on federal sources. It also lists CRS [Congressional Research Service] reports that summarize the ACA's provisions. The report begins with links to contacts for constituents' specific questions on insurance coverage (such as state insurance departments and the U.S. Department of Labor's consumer hotline for questions on employer-based coverage), and contacts for questions about HealthCare.gov and ACA tax provisions. The report also lists sources for congressional staff to contact federal agencies with ACA questions. The report provides basic consumer sources, including a glossary of health coverage terms. The next sections focus on the individual mandate, private health insurance, exchanges, and employer-sponsored coverage. These are followed by information on public health care programs, such as Medicaid and the State Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) and Medicare. The report also provides sources on the ACA's provisions on specific populations: women's health care, Indian health care, veterans' and military health care, and the treatment of noncitizens under the ACA. These are followed by sources on behavioral health (mental health and substance use disorders); public health, workforce, and quality; and state innovation waivers. Finally, the report lists sources on taxes, congressional efforts to repeal or amend ACA, ACA agency audits and investigations, cost estimates and spending, insurance coverage statistics, legal issues, and sources for obtaining the law's full text."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Napili, Angela

  2017-04-03
• Older Americans Act: Overview and Funding [July 16, 2018]

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  "The Older Americans Act (OAA) supports a wide range of social services and programs for individuals aged 60 years or older. These include supportive services, congregate nutrition services (i.e., meals served at group sites such as senior centers, community centers, schools, churches, or senior housing complexes), home-delivered nutrition services, family caregiver support, community service employment, the Long-Term Care Ombudsman Program, and services to prevent the abuse, neglect, and exploitation of older persons. Except for Title V, Community Service Employment for Older Americans (CSEOA), all programs are administered by the Administration on Aging (AOA) in the Administration for Community Living (ACL) within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Title V is administered by the Department of Labor's (DOL's) Employment and Training Administration."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Colello, Kirsten J.; Napili, Angela

  2018-07-16
• Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA): Resources for Frequently Asked Questions [Updated May 5, 2020]

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  From the Document: "This report provides resources to help congressional staff respond to constituents' frequently asked questions (FAQs) about the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148, as amended). The report lists selected resources regarding consumers, employers, and other stakeholders, with a focus on federal sources. It also lists Congressional Research Service (CRS) reports that summarize the ACA's provisions. The resources are arranged by topic."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Napili, Angela

  2020-05-05
• COVID-19: Household Debt During the Pandemic [October 22, 2020]

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  From the Introduction: "This report explores household debt since the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic began. First, it describes the effects the pandemic has had on unemployment and income losses, followed by a discussion of observed trends in household debt and delinquencies. Then, the report highlights two important policy impacts that influenced these trends: consumer loan forbearance and macroeconomic policy to support households during the economic recession. Lastly, the report discusses the uncertain outlook for household finances and consumer debt markets."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Cooper, Cheryl R.; Weinstock, Lida R.; Mullins, Maura

  2020-10-22
• Federal Reserve's Main Street Lending Program [August 27, 2020]

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  From the Document: "In response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the Federal Reserve (Fed) created a series of emergency lending programs, including the Main Street Lending Program (MSLP). The MSLP supports lending to eligible businesses and nonprofits and marks the first time the Fed has lent to nonfinancial businesses since the 1930s (though it purchased commercial paper [short-term debt securities] issued by nonfinancial businesses in 2008 and 2009)."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Labonte, Marc; Weinstock, Lida R.

  2020-08-27
• Estimating the Impact of COVID-19 on Corporate Default Risk

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  From the Description: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] global pandemic has resulted in a fast-moving health crisis with significant uncertainty. Policy makers have responded by imposing social distancing policies (non-pharmaceutical interventions) which close schools, bars, and restaurants, close non-essential business, restrict movement, and impose quarantines. Under the weight of significant business interruptions, reductions in both supply and demand, and supply chain disruptions the health crisis has given way to deep economic contraction. The confluence of sharp economic losses and historic levels of corporate debt risk producing a financial crisis on top of the health crisis. We build on the work of Vardavas et al. (2020) and Strong and Welburn (2020), who estimate the health and economic impacts of COVID-19 under a set of social distancing scenarios, to estimate the potential for firm exits. We use a structural model of financial distress based on Merton's distance to default to estimate the likelihood of firm defaults conditional on losses in aggregate income. Using the Vardavas et al. (2020) set of scenarios and estimations of reduced income, we estimate average firm default probabilities over a large set of US listed firms. We find that the crisis coincides with exceptional risk of corporate default. Under modest levels of social distancing and economic losses, we estimate high levels of average corporate default risk. As social distancing measures and economic contractions persist, levels of corporate default risk exceed those of the 2008 financial crisis. Under the harshest scenarios of prolonged strict interventions, we estimate exceptional levels of corporate default risk ranging from to double to triple those witness during the 2008 financial crisis. While unmodeled, recent credit market interventions may thwart the worst of the default risk scenarios that we estimate by extending credit access to firms on the brink of insolvency."

  RAND Corporation

  Welburn, Jonathan William; Strong, Aaron

  2020
• Introduction to U.S. Economy: Fiscal Policy [Updated August 3, 2020]

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  From the Document: "Fiscal policy is the means by which the government adjusts its budget balance through spending and revenue changes to influence broader economic conditions. According to mainstream economics, the government can affect the level of economic activity--generally measured by gross domestic product (GDP)--in the short term by changing its levels of spending and tax revenue. This In Focus presents an introduction to fiscal policy."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Stupak, Jeffrey M.; Weinstock, Lida R.

  2020-08-03
• Introduction to U.S. Economy: The Business Cycle and Growth [Updated July 31, 2020]

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  From the Document: "On June 8, 2020, the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), an independent, nonprofit, research group, determined that economic activity in the U.S. peaked in February 2020 and that the economy subsequently entered into a recession in the same month. On a quarterly basis, economic activity peaked in the fourth quarter of 2019. This In Focus discusses the business cycle, how recessions are determined, and potential causes and effects of these fluctuations in the economy."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Weinstock, Lida R.

  2020-07-31
• COVID-19: Selected Financial and Social Service Resources for Older Americans [Updated September 10, 2020]

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  From the Document: "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused economic distress to many older Americans due to job loss, business closings, and financial market conditions. This Insight provides links to selected CRS [Congressional Research Service] products and related resources that address some issues for older populations."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Breslauer, Tamar B.; Overbay, Abigail R.; Napili, Angela

  2020-09-10
• Economic Activity and the Expiration of COVID-19 Relief Provisions [July 30, 2020]

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  From the Document: "The federal response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis has included programs providing economic relief to individuals, businesses, and state and local governments. The recent or looming expiration or exhaustion of several of these programs has generated congressional discussions on the effect that this could have on the U.S. economy's short- and long-term performance. This Insight briefly summarizes the current economic recession and fiscal policy response, highlights some programs that are near expiration or exhaustion of funding, and discusses underlying economic issues."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Driessen, Grant A.; Weinstock, Lida R.

  2020-07-30
• COVID-19: Government Resources for Real-Time Economic Indicators [October 21, 2020]

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  From the Document: "This CRS [Congressional Research Service] Insight presents select real-time economic indicators that attempt to measure the impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the U.S. economy. Created by select federal government agencies, these new or unique indicators attempt to measure the demographic, social, and economic impacts of COVID-19 in real-time, or on a weekly or monthly basis, rather than quarterly or annually."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Jennings, Julie; Weinstock, Lida R.

  2020-10-21
• Introduction to U.S. Economy: Unemployment [Updated July 7, 2020]

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  From the Document: "The U.S. economy has seen historically high levels of unemployment as a result of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This In Focus provides an introduction to the official unemployment rate and alternative measures of unemployment, briefly examines the reasons for unemployment, and places the unemployment rate in a broader economic context."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Weinstock, Lida R.

  2020-07-07
• Domestic Public Health Response to COVID-19: Current Status and Resources Guide [Updated March 25, 2020]

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  From the Document: "The global outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019, COVID-19, is affecting communities throughout the United States, with case counts growing daily. Containment and mitigation efforts by federal, state, and local governments have been undertaken to 'flatten the curve'--that is, to curb widespread transmission that could overwhelm the nation's health care system. This CRS [Congressional Research Service] Insight presents selected information and resources relevant to the 'domestic public health response' to COVID-19 in containing and mitigating the spread and impact of the disease. [...] This Insight does not provide information on the international response to COVID-19, or on economic or other nonhealth policy issues related to COVID-19. This Insight also does not address issues related to health insurance and financing, or human services."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Sekar, Kavya; Cornell, Ada S.

  2020-03-25
• Domestic Public Health Response to COVID-19: Current Status and Resources Guide

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  From the Document: "The global outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019, COVID-19, is affecting communities throughout the United States, with case counts growing daily. Containment and mitigation efforts by federal, state, and local governments have been undertaken to 'flatten the curve'--that is, to curb widespread transmission that could overwhelm the nation's health care system. This CRS [Congressional Research Service] Insight presents selected international and U.S. government actions and related events, CRS products, and federal websites relevant to the 'domestic public health response' to COVID-19. As the situation evolves, CRS will continue to publish and update products relevant to the current needs of Congress. This Insight will be updated accordingly. This Insight does not provide information on the international response to COVID-19, nor on economic or other non-health policy issues related to COVID-19. This Insight also does not address issues related to health insurance and financing."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Sekar, Kavya; Cornell, Ada S.

  2020-03-18
• Health and Economic Impacts of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions to Address COVID-19

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  From the Document: "With the rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and in the absence of evidence-informed guidance, state and local policymakers have had to put policies in place quickly and with little evidence to support their choices or little consideration of the potentially serious trade-offs. Thus, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive and systematic assessment of potential public health interventions to address COVID-19 and when to relax them. This document describes the interdisciplinary and multisectoral approach RAND researchers used to develop the COVID-19 Decision Support Tool, which is designed to fill that need."

  RAND Corporation

  Vardavas, Raffaele; Strong, Aaron; Bouey, Jennifer . . .

  2020
• Older Americans Act: Overview and Funding [Updated April 22, 2020]

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  From the Introduction: "The Older Americans Act (OAA) supports a wide range of social services and programs for individuals aged 60 years or older. [...] The following provides an overview of the Older Americans Act. It briefly describes the act's titles, highlighting selected provisions followed by FY2020 appropriations, including supplemental appropriations in response to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, and funding history."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Colello, Kirsten J.; Napili, Angela

  2020-04-22
• Domestic Public Health Response to COVID-19: Current Status [Updated May 13, 2020]

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  From the Document: "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is affecting communities throughout the United States, with total case counts growing daily. More than 1.3 million cases, including more than 82,000 deaths, have been reported in the United States. Containment and mitigation efforts by federal, state, and local governments have been undertaken to 'flatten the curve'--that is, to slow widespread transmission that could overwhelm the nation's health care system. Currently, 'social distancing' restrictions that have been in place for almost two months are being eased in some jurisdictions as economic consequences mount. Efforts to identify and quarantine close contacts of cases are underway in some places, although testing capacity remains limited. Nursing homes, prisons, jails, and similar congregate settings are emerging as points of rapid spread of infection. This CRS [Congressional Research Service] Insight presents selected information and resources relevant to the 'domestic public health response' to COVID-19 in containing and mitigating the spread and impact of the disease."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Sekar, Kavya; Cornell, Ada S.

  2020-05-13
• Domestic Public Health Response to COVID-19: Current Status [Updated April 20, 2020]

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  From the Document: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic is affecting communities throughout the United States, with case counts changing daily. Over 760,000 cases have been reported in 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, with over 35,000 deaths reported. (Data from compiled state and local reports.) Containment and mitigation efforts by federal, state, and local governments have been undertaken to 'flatten the curve'--that is, to slow widespread transmission that could overwhelm the nation's health care system. This CRS [Congressional Research Service] Insight presents selected information and resources relevant to the 'domestic public health response' to COVID-19 in containing and mitigating the spread and impact of the disease. As the situation evolves, this Insight will be updated."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Sekar, Kavya; Cornell, Ada S.

  2020-04-20
• Title X Family Planning Program [Updated June 3, 2020]

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  From the Introduction: "The Title X Family Planning Program (Title X) was enacted in 1970 as Title X of the Public Health Service Act (PHS Act). Title X provides grants to public and nonprofit agencies for family planning services, research, and training. The Office of Population Affairs (OPA) within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) administers Title X, which is the only domestic federal program devoted solely to family planning and related preventive health services. This In Focus answers questions on Title X, legislative mandates, and other family planning programs, and it identifies resources for Title X projects during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Napili, Angela

  2020-06-03
• COVID-19: Selected Financial and Social Service Resources for Older Americans [May 28, 2020]

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  From the Document: "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused economic distress to many older Americans due to job loss, business closings, and financial market conditions. This Insight provides links to selected CRS [Congressional Research Service] products and related resources that address some issues for older populations."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Breslauer, Tamar B.; Overbay, Abigail R.; Napili, Angela

  2020-05-28
• COVID-19: Measuring Unemployment [July 13, 2020]

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  From the Document: "Due to the effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, unemployment has risen to levels unseen since the Great Depression, peaking at a rate of 14.7% in April before decreasing to 11.1% in June. The unemployment rate is seen as a crucial metric for judging policy outcomes, but confusion among many observers about how the unemployment rate is calculated has been exacerbated by COVID19 and the difficulties it has presented. This Insight discusses how unemployment data are collected and classified, delves into the challenges COVID-19 has introduced, and puts these issues into context with a brief look at recent unemployment trends."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Weinstock, Lida R.

  2020-07-13