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• Offsite Environmental Monitoring Report: Radiation Monitoring Around United States Nuclear Test Areas, Calendar Year 1991

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  "This report describes the Offsite Radiation Safety Program conducted during 1991 by the Environmental Protection Agency`s (EPA`s) Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory-Las Vegas. This laboratory operates an environmental radiation monitoring program in the region surrounding the Nevada Test Site (NTS) and at former test sites in Alaska, Colorado, Mississippi, Nevada, and New Mexico. The surveillance program is designed to measure levels and trends of radioactivity, if present, in the environment surrounding testing areas to ascertain whether current radiation levels and associated doses to the general public are in compliance with existing radiation protection standards. The surveillance program additionally has the responsibility to take action to protect the health and well being of the public in the event of any accidental release of radioactive contaminants. Offsite levels of radiation and radioactivity are assessed by sampling milk, water, and air; by deploying thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and using pressurized ion chambers (PICs); and by biological monitoring of animals, food crops, and humans. Personnel with mobile monitoring equipment are placed in areas downwind from the test site prior to each nuclear weapons test to implement protective actions, provide immediate radiation monitoring, and obtain environmental samples rapidly after any occurrence of radioactivity release. Comparison of the measurements and sample analysis results with background levels and with appropriate standards and regulations indicated that there was no radioactivity detected offsite by the various EPA monitoring networks and no exposure above natural background to the population living in the vicinity of the NTS that could be attributed to current NTS activities. Annual and long-term trends were evaluated in the Noble Gas, Tritium, Milk Surveillance, Biomonitoring, TLD, PIC networks, and the Long-Term Hydrological Monitoring Program."

  United States. Environmental Protection Agency

  Chaloud, D. J.; Dicey, B.B.; Mullen, A.A.

  1992-01-01
• Joint Task Force Andrew After Action Report

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  This after-action report provides a broad overview of Joint Task Force Andrew operations based on the analysis of joint assessment topics, such as healthcare, logistics, and joint airspace management, as they apply across the joint spectrum. Joint Task Force Andrew assisted the Department of Defense in complying with the provisions of the Stafford Act after Hurricane Andrew in 1992.

  United States. Joint Forces Command

  1992
• US Army Field Manual: Legal Guide for Commanders

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  "This manual is a guide to military law for company commanders - officers and noncommissioned officers. It describes military law reflected in military justice, administrative law, and personal rights, responsibilities, and restrictions. It outlines basic responsibilities and daily procedures for administering military justice and administrative law in the unit."

  United States. Army

  1992-01
• U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: National Guard Plane Crash at Hotel Site

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  This technical report series looks at a C-130 crash outside of a hotel in Evansville, IN resulting in fire extension to the structure which led to multiple deaths and injuries.

  United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration

  1992
• Responding to a Changing World

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  "The changes in the world since the demise of the Soviet Union have significantly altered the environment in which the United states seeks to achieve its national objectives. While the threat to the survival of the U.S. has diminished, new and less predictable threats to other of the U.S.'s national interests have emerged. Airpower is uniquely suited to deal with the changing world; an examination of objectives, strategy, doctrine, force structure, and constraints and opportunities shows how airpower, and the Air Force, can contribute to safeguarding national interests in a changing world."

  Air University (U.S.). Air War College

  Campbell, John H.

  1992
• Psychological Assessment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

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  This article on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) offers a review of progress in the field of assessing PTSD. From the article: "Knowledge of PTSD is advancing rapidly, as evidenced by the burgeoning literature on traumatic events and their psychological and social sequelae (Blake, Albano & Keane, 1992). Driving this expansion of information is the development and utilization of assessment approaches and instruments that are both conceptually and technically sophisticated. Numerous methodologically sound studies appear in the literature regularly that document the capacity of researchers and clinicians working in the field of trauma to evaluate comprehensively the nature of high-magnitude stressors, the characteristics of the persons exposed, and the expression of symptoms following exposure. As advocated by Sutker et al. (1991), the assessment of PTSD is increasingly characterized by person-environment conceptualizations with an emphasis on continuous measures of the stressor events, person characteristics, individual symptom responses, and a comprehensive assessment of compromised and spared abilities among individuals exposed. This approach to assessment is both dynamic and interactive, placing a greater emphasis on longitudinal rather than cross-sectional views in understanding psychological outcomes associated with traumatic event exposure. [...] The publications cited in this article were selected not to be exhaustive of all important articles on PTSD assessment, but rather to present articles that served as precedents for instrument development or application; remaining articles were selected because they summarized well the existing literature on PTSD assessment. It is remarkable, and indeed gratifying, that the field of PTSD assessment has expanded so broadly. Through this expansion, work on treatment, psychopathology, health care utilization, and long-range effects can proceed in a systematic, coherent manner."

  National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (U.S.)

  Keane, Terence Martin; Kaloupek, Danny G.; Weathers, Frank W., 1957-

  1992
• Selective Review of the Literature on Ethnocultural Aspects of PTSD

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  This article on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) discusses ethnic and cultural considerations as related to PTSD, providing selected abstracts from related documents. From the article: "During the past twenty years, the growth of interest in ethnocultural aspects of reactions to traumatic events has been indicated by publication of numerous books, technical reports, and journal articles on a broad spectrum of ethnic populations and ethnic aspects of PTSD. As noted by the present authors in a recent article (Marsella, Friedman & Spain, in press), information on ethnocultural aspects of PTSD is widely distributed across publications that focus on different: 1) ethnocultural groups (e.g., Afro-Americans, American Indians, Asian-Americans, Cambodians, Hispanics); 2) traumatized populations (e.g., war veterans, refugees, torture victims, prisoner-of-war survivors, rape and crime victims, survivors of natural and human-made disasters); 3) traumatic events (e.g., Vietnam War, Afghanistan War, Northern Ireland Conflict, Buffalo Creek Disasters, Chernobyl, Hiroshima, Three Mile Island, San Ysidro Massacre, Khmer Rouge genocide, Nazi Holocaust, refugee camp internment, rape, criminal assault); and 4) clinical topics (e.g., epidemiology, measurement of PTSD, clinical diagnosis, alternative therapies). [...] Ethnocultural studies of PTSD offer an opportunity to identify the universal and the culture-specific aspects of the PTSD experience by comparing ethnocultural group differences in the distribution, expression, and treatment of PTSD. Identifying these differences can help clinicians adjust their practices and procedures to accommodate the shared and the unique aspects of the PTSD experience. While responses to a traumatic event may share some universal features, especially as the trauma becomes more severe, ethnocultural factors may play an important role in the individual's vulnerability to PTSD, the expression of PTSD, and the treatment responsivity of PTSD."

  National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (U.S.)

  Friedman, Matthew J.; Marsella, Anthony J.; Spain, E. Huland

  1992
• Trauma of Sexual Victimization: Feminist Contributions to Theory, Research, and Practice

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  This article on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) discusses the feminine perspective and research contributions on sexual trauma among women and girls. From the article: "Twenty years ago, rape was thought of as a rare event, incest as a culturally universal taboo. Public and professional awareness have undergone dramatic transformation in the course of just two decades (Briere, 1992). Today, the literature is replete with research examining the scope and trauma of sexual victimization. We have chosen to focus on feminist contributions to understanding the sexual victimization of women and girls. We have abstracted our own most recent books (Herman, 1992; Koss & Harvey, 1991) and a number of works that together highlight twenty years of feminist inquiry. Readers interested in male victims are referred to a recent review by Watkins and Bentovim (1992)."

  National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (U.S.)

  Harvey, Mary R.; Herman, Judith Lewis, 1942-

  1992
• Introduction to Coastal Habitats and Biological Resources for Spill Response

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  "This is a 1992 training manual covering physical, geological, and biological considerations relevant to oil spill response and cleanup."

  United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

  1992
• Our Changing Planet: The FY 1993 U.S. Global Change Research Program

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  "I am pleased to forward with this letter 'Our Changing Planet: The FY 1993 U.S. Global Change Research Program,' a report prepared by the Committee on Earth and Environmental Sciences (CEES) of the Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering, and Technology (FCCSET) to supplement the President's Fiscal Year 1993 Budget. This is the fourth report in a series established in 1989. This report outlines a Presidential Initiative for an accelerated, focused research strategy designed to reduce key scientific uncertainties and to develop more reliable scientific predictions upon which sound national and international policies and responses to global change can be based. Because of the importance of this area, even in a time of substantial fiscal constraints, the President is proposing a 24 percent increase in the budget for this effort in FY 1993. The U.S. Global Change Research Program is a key component of the President's overall approach to the U.S. responsibility for global stewardship. This broad approach recognizes the profound economic and social implications of responding to global environmental changes and maintains U.S. leadership on this issue. Given the international importance of negotiations on the Framework Convention on Climate Change, the report emphasizes activities intended to respond to scientific uncertainties identified through the assessment process of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)."

  U.S. Global Change Research Program

  1992?
• Perspective on Strategic Nuclear Deterrence in the New World Order

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  "For over 40 years, American nuclear strategy reflected a bi-polar world view. White the Cold War is over, the former Soviet Union remains the sole threat of a cataclysmic nuclear attack and we see emerging Third World capabilities. The post-Cold War world promises to be complicated, more volatile, and less predictable. While the strategic mission is largely unchanged, the threat, arms control, and budget realities are dramatically changed. It is time, to conduct a review of the purpose, character, size, and composition of US strategic forces. This paper suggests our deterrence philosophy is sound. We have the opportunity to create a stable deterrence at substantially reduced force levels. But, we need to change the way we do business in Europe, the Third World, in space, and in our planning and targeting."

  Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)

  Webber, Richard E.

  1992
• National Military Strategy of the United States

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  "The community of nations has entered into an exciting and promising era. Global war is now less likely and the US national security strategy reflects that fact. The 'National Military Strategy' reflects this new world and guides US military planning. The Goldwater-Nichols Reorganization Act of 1986 charges the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, with the responsibility of assisting the President and the Secretary of Defense in providing strategic direction for the Armed Forces. This document provides my advice in consultation with the commanders of the unified and specified commands and the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It implements the Defense Agenda of the President's 'National Security Strategy' and Secretary of Defense policies spelled out in the 'Defense Planning' Guidance and in the 'Annual Report to the President and the Congress'. This new strategy is built upon the four key foundations of the National Defense Strategy: Strategic Deterrence and Defense, Forward Presence, Crisis Response, and Reconstitution. For most of the past 45 years the primary focus of our national military strategy has been containment of the Soviet Union and its communist ideology--we met that challenge successfully. Certain realities remain -- the United States is looked to for world leadership; we have enduring cultural, political, and economic links across the Atlantic, the Pacific, and within the Western Hemisphere; and vast quantities of modern nuclear and conventional forces still exist in the Commonwealth of Independent States and its constituent republics."

  United States. Department of Defense

  1992-01
• Statistical Report United States Attorneys Offices: Fiscal Year 1992

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  "This Annual Statistical Report summarizes and presents the criminal prosecutions and civil litigation conducted by the United States Attorneys in Fiscal Year 1992. The statistical information is reported by the United States Attorneys to the centralized computer database maintained by the EOUSA [Executive Office for United States Attorneys] Case Management Staff, which used the newly developed Central Caseload Tracking System and the Central Collections System to compile the charts and graphs within this report. Slight variations between this report and the Fiscal Year 1991 report may be attributed to the transition to the new tracking system and to our continued attention to identifying and removing obsolete files from the system."

  Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys

  1992?
• Expanding Chinese Naval Power and Maritime Security in Southeast Asia

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  "The collapse of East-West competition for global preeminence is unleashing powerful forces for strategic change in the Asia-Pacific region. A reconfiguration of the regional security balance is taking place, especially a resurging naval rivalry, as aspiring hegemons--notably China, Japan and India--jostle for leadership roles. This report examines the central role being played by China in the unfolding security changes in Asia. Chinese naval modernization is analyzed within the context of China's Southeast Asian maritime interests, its new maritime strategy, and its evolving naval capabilities. The report recommends: maintaining a significant U.S. naval presence in Asia to protect American economic and political interests in the region; creating a loose yet textured and inclusive multilateral set of security relations in the Asia-Pacific region; initiating a Sino-American naval rapprochement as a prelude to enhanced regional naval cooperation; and, reassuring America's friends in the region through a continuing American naval deterrence."

  Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)

  Winterford, David, 1949-

  1992-01
• Goals, Opportunities, and Priorities for the USGS Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program

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  "This report presents a new strategic plan for the U.S. Geological Survey's Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (EHRP), which is directed at understanding the causes and effects of earthquakes, evaluating potential earthquake hazards, and predicting earthquakes and their geologic effects. The program is a principal component of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, established by the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977 for the purpose of reducing risks to life and property from earthquakes. [...] As a strategic plan, this document provides the scientific framework and rationale for the EHRP. It defmes the goals and objectives of the program and the types of activities by which the goals should be pursued. Further, it suggests priorities for program activities in the context of two annual funding options-$50 and $100 million. This document is not an itemized workplan and thus does not define how, when, and where specific activities should be undertaken. The intended audience of this report is primarily the earth-science and earthquake-hazard-reduction community."

  Geological Survey (U.S.)

  Page, Robert A.; Boore, David M.; Thatcher, Wayne R. . . .

  1992
• Fire Management Notes (Vol.53-54 No.4)

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  This is Volume 53-54, No.4 of Fire Management Notes, a quarterly periodical devoted to the technique of forest fire control, produced by the U.S. Forest Service.

  United States. Forest Service

  1992
• Fire Management Notes (Vol.53-54 No.3)

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  This is Volume 53-54, No.3 of Fire Management Notes, a quarterly periodical devoted to the technique of forest fire control, produced by the U.S. Forest Service.

  United States. Forest Service

  1992
• Fire Management Notes (Vol.53-54 No.2)

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  This is Volume 53-54, No.2 of Fire Management Notes, a quarterly periodical devoted to the technique of forest fire control, produced by the U.S. Forest Service.

  United States. Forest Service

  1992
• Fire Management Notes (Vol.53-54 Special Issue)

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  This is Volume 53-54, special issue of Fire Management Notes, a quarterly periodical devoted to the technique of forest fire control, produced by the U.S. Forest Service.

  United States. Forest Service

  1992
• Fire Management Notes (Vol.53-54 No.1)

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  This is Volume 53-54, No.1 of Fire Management Notes, a quarterly periodical devoted to the technique of forest fire control, produced by the U.S. Forest Service.

  United States. Forest Service

  1992
• Terrorist Defectors: Are We Ready? Hearing Before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, Second Session, February 4, 1992

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  This is the February 4, 1992 hearing on "Terrorist Defectors: Are We Ready?," held before the U.S. Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs. From the Opening Statement of Senator Lieberman: "This morning the Committee on Governmental Affairs will be exercising its jurisdiction over interagency coordination, particularly in the areas of national security and law enforcement. As such, we will be reviewing the effectiveness of our Nation's efforts to attract terrorist defectors and to gain the cooperation of people with information about past and future terrorist acts. As we learned at this Committee's hearing last July on our Nation's domestic and international counter-terrorism efforts in the wake of the Gulf War, obtaining information on the inner workings of terrorist networks is by far the most effective way to counter terrorism. In fact, in the world of terrorism there is just no substitute for good intelligence and particularly intelligence from the inside." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Adnan Awad, Neil J. Galagher, Howard Safir, and Victoria Toensing.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1992
• Annual Report to Congress: Department of Energy Activities Relating to the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board: Second Annual Report -- Calendar Year 1991

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  This is the second Annual Report to the Congress by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) on its activities relating to its interactions with the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (DNFSB). "In calendar year 1991, the Board submitted six recommendations to DOE. Seven recommendations were submitted for calendar year 1990. I have accepted all of the recommendations. The implementation plans for four recommendations have either been prepared or are already being carried out, and two implementation plans are currently being prepared."

  United States. Department of Energy

  1992-01
• Technology against Terrorism: Structuring Security

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  In 1989, because of growing concern over terrorist threats, several Senate Committees requested that OTA study the role of technology in fighting terrorism and the Federal effort in promoting related research and development. This report is devoted primarily to three other topics: interagency coordination of efforts in counterterrorist research and development, integrated security systems, and the role of human factors in aviation security. In addition, it furnishes details on a number of technologies that play a role in counterterrorism.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment

  1992-01
• Security Policy Concerning Travel and Assignments of Personnel with Access to Sensitive Compartmented Information (SCI)

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  This policy is based on the need to protect SCI and SCI indoctrinated personnel from the intelligence/counterintelligence threat as a consequence of hazardous travel. A listing of countries considered to present such threat(s) to SCI-indoctrinated personnel assigned to or traveling through these countries provides an essential baseline for SOICs responsible for rendering guidance to SCI indoctrinated travelers and ensuring these travelers meet the requirements of this directive.

  United States. Central Intelligence Agency

  1991-12-29
• U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Four Firefighters Killed, Trapped by Floor Collapse

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  This technical report series analyzes a fire at a furniture refinishing business in Brackenridge, PA. This report provides several valuable lessons for the fire service to help prevent this type of accident from occuring in the future.

  United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration

  1991-12-20
• Smart Weapons: Can We Fold the Nuclear Umbrella?

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  The United States has possessed smart weapons since the late 1960's. Each generation of smart weapons incorporated significant improvements in range, accuracy, and lethality over the previous generation. These continuing improvements led many military analysts to question the continued utility of Army tactical nuclear weapons. With the elimination of Army tactical nuclear weapons, the Army must assess if the effectiveness of smart weapons eliminates the need for Army tactical nuclear weapons. Following a discussion of the evolution of tactical nuclear weapons and smart weapons theories, capabilities, and employment doctrines, this monograph conducts a comparative analysis of tactical nuclear weapons and smart weapons.

  U.S. Army Command and General Staff College

  Vokac, Robert H.

  1991-12-17
• Assessment of the Safety of US Nuclear Weapons and Related Nuclear Test Requirements: A Post-Bush Initiative Update

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  From the document abstract: "The Nuclear Weapons Reduction Initiative announced by President Bush on September 27, 1991, is described herein as set forth in Defense Secretary Cheney's Nuclear Arsenal Reduction Order issued September 28, 1991. The implications of the Bush Initiative for improved nuclear weapons safety are assessed in response to a request by US Senators Harkin, Kennedy, and Wirth to the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory that the author prepare such an assessment. The author provides an estimate of the number of nuclear tests needed to accomplish a variety of specified warhead safety upgrades, then uses the results of this estimate to answer three questions posed by the Senators. These questions concern pit reuse and the number of nuclear tests needed for specified safety upgrades of those ballistic missiles not scheduled for retirement, namely the Minuteman III, C4, and D5 missiles."

  Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

  Kidder, R. E. (Ray E.)

  1991-12-10
• Assessment of the Safety of U.S. Nuclear Weapons and Related Nuclear Test Requirements: A Post-Bush Initiative Update

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  "The Nuclear Weapons Reduction Initiative announced by President Bush on September 27,1991, is described herein as set forth in Defense Secretary Cheney's Nuclear Arsenal Reduction Order issued September 28,1991. The implications of the Bush Initiative for improved nuclear weapons safety are assessed in response to a request by U.S. Senators Harkin, Kennedy, and Wirth to the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory that the author prepare such an assessment. The author provides an estimate of the number of nuclear tests needed to accomplish a variety of specified warhead safety upgrades, then uses the results of this estimate to answer three questions posed by the Senators. These questions concern pit reuse and the number of nuclear tests needed for specified safety upgrades of those ballistic missiles not scheduled for retirement, namely the Minuteman III, C4, and D5 missiles."

  United States. Department of Energy; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

  Kidder, R. E. (Ray E.)

  1991-12-10
• Integrating Veterinary Services into Disaster Management Plans

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  "The emergency role of the veterinarian should be integrated with the FORSCOM emergency operations plans of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). This memorandum will outline some of the veterinary responsibilities and dutiesduring a national emergency. Civilian authorities at the city and state level, have primary responsibilities of responding to man-made ox natural disasters. Should they exhaust their capabilities, the Federal authorities, to include the military, should be prepared to respond with assistance. For national emergencies, FORSCOM would provide the military resources to include personnel, supplies and equipment; if tasked by Department of the Army, Direct& of Military Operations."

  United States. Department of the Army

  1991-12-05
• Public Law 102-183: David L. Boren National Security Education Act of 1991

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  "Congress makes the following findings: (1) The security of the United States is and will continue to depend on the ability of the United States to exercise international leadership. (2) The ability of the United States to exercise international leadership is, and will increasingly continue to be, based on the political and economic strength of the United States, as well as on United States military strength around the world. (3) Recent changes in the world pose threats of a new kind to international stability as Cold War tensions continue to decline while economic competition, regional conflicts, terrorist activities, and weapon proliferations have dramatically increased. (4) The future national security and economic well-being of the United States will depend substantially on the ability of its citizens to communicate and compete by knowing the languages and cultures of other countries. (5) The Federal Government has an interest in ensuring that the employees of its departments and agencies with national security responsibilities are prepared to meet the challenges of this changing international environment. (6) The Federal Government also has an interest in taking actions to alleviate the problem of American undergraduate and graduate students being inadequately prepared to meet the challenges posed by increasing global interaction among nations. (7) American colleges and universities must place a new emphasis on improving the teaching of foreign languages, area studies, counter proliferation studies, and other international fields to help meet those challenges."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1991-12-04