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Public Safety Departments: A Second Evaluation of the Consolidation of the City of Mercer Island's Department of Public Safety
"In the author's previous applied research project (ARP), the literary research indicated a national pattern of neglect concerning the fire service in Public Safety consolidated organizations. The author's applied research project indicated that in several ways Mercer Island's Public Safety Department experienced a similar fate. The problem is that no definitive evaluation of this fire service neglect has been conducted regarding Mercer Island's Department of Public Safety. A recommendation of the author's previous ARP included examining how Mercer Island's Fire Service has been neglected. The intent of this research project was to examine the impact of consolidation on the fire service."
National Fire Academy
Tubbs, Chris
2000-11
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Risk Management Framework for Hazardous Materials Transportation
"This report presents and explains the U.S. Department of Transportation's (DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration (RSPA) risk management framework for transportation of hazardous materials. As part of its One Flagship Initiative, RSPA is developing this new framework, with significant stakeholder input, to serve as a resource for self-evaluation by all parties involved in transporting hazardous materials. Although the framework itself is new, many of its concepts and components are drawn from existing risk management systems and approaches used in hazardous materials transport and other venues. The framework is broad in scope, addressing the full range of hazardous materials, transport modes, and parties involved in transporting hazardous materials. It is intended to be comprehensive and thus to cover all the major aspects of risk management. This report articulates the goals for the framework, gives definitions and a brief background discussion to provide context and a common starting point, and describes the three main elements of the framework: a basic philosophy, a set of fundamental risk management principles, and a stepwise general approach to hazardous materials transportation risk management. More detailed information supporting the framework is provided in the appendices."
United States. Department of Transportation. Research and Special Programs Administration
2000-11-01
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Three Case Studies for the Risk Management Framework for Hazardous Materials Transportation
"To determine whether the risk management framework is flexible enough to be useful and more importantly, whether it can serve as an effective tool for encouraging the implementation of risk management strategies, DOT Research and Special Programs Administration (RSPA) chose to test the framework by applying it to a variety of existing programs. Stakeholders identified potential case studies in the exploratory meeting, and the expert panel further refined those recommendations. RSPA selected a few organizations to participate in this phase of the study. In choosing organizations to participate in the case studies, RSPA considered the following factors about an organization's program: Availability of data (e.g., history, results, mission statements); Existing and/or established industry/government programs; Voluntary participation; and Cross-party issues addressed (e.g., carriers and shippers). After evaluating the above factors and taking into account stakeholder recommendations, RSPA chose the following three case studies: Case Study 1: Non-Accidental Release Program Administered by the Association of American Railroads; Case Study 2: RSPA's Exemptions Program and the Regulated Medical Waste Exemptions; and Case Study 3 Risk Management Approaches used by Selected Members of the Trucking Industry. From these case studies, RSPA hopes to identify how adaptable the risk management framework is and also identify areas where the framework can be improved or modified. An additional benefit of these investigations is that they may reveal potential areas for improvement in the industry/government program to which the framework is being applied. The case studies were performed in sequential order. The risk management framework evolved and changed from case study to case study as we adopted specific case study recommendations."
United States. Department of Transportation. Research and Special Programs Administration
2000-11-01
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Foreign Assistance: International Efforts to Aid Russia's Transition Have Had Mixed Results
Since the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, organizations and donors have provided Russia with tens of billions of dollars in economic assistance to helping it transition to a market economy within a democratic state. This transition presents opportunities and challenges to the Russians and to those providing economic assistance. This report focuses on the assistance given to Russia by the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank's International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the 1992 Freedom Support Act, and the European Union's Technical Assistance to the Commonwealth of Independent States program. GAO found that the success of the assistance programs has been mixed. Although there have been several individual successes, such as small business development, GAO's interviews with the financial institutions revealed that overall program goals are not being met. GAO identified three obstacles toward attaining program objectives: (1) difficult conditions in Russia, (2) limitations in how programs were designed and implemented, and (3) the interdependent nature of Russia's transition needs. The financial institutions and donors, along with the Russian government, are reevaluating the design of their programs. GAO also notes several lessons learned that can improve the future success of these programs.
United States. General Accounting Office
2000-11-01
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Nuclear Multipolarity and Stability
"What are the implications of nuclear multipolarity for stability? This is one of a dozen questions set out by the Nuclear Deterrence Sustainment Panel of the Threat Reduction Advisory Committee as a part of its effort to stimulate 'a more profound level of intellectual activity' about how to meet and reduce threats posed by weapons of mass destruction. In trying to come to terms with this question, analysts in the United States clearly work with a very significant intellectual inheritance from the Cold War. This inheritance defines some very specific ways of thinking about nuclear stability, with an emphasis on the twin problems of arms race and crisis instability. It also defines some specific ways of thinking about multipolarity, with an emphasis on the balance of power system and nuclear proliferation. To better appreciate where inherited concepts remain valid, where they can help generate useful new insights, and where their limitations are crippling requires a new approach based on the strategic realities of the emerging nuclear era, rather than the past one. Toward that end, this paper explores three levels of analysis: The major power core, the regional subsystems, the connections between the two.
In each case, new or newly significant nuclear dynamics are identified and explored. Potential sources of instability are then considered. These are then collected together to frame an assessment of the changing nuclear stability agenda." Note: This document has been added to the Homeland Security Digital Library in agreement with the Project on Advanced Systems and Concepts for Countering WMD (PASCC) as part of the PASCC collection. Permission to download and/or retrieve this resource has been obtained through PASCC.
Institute for Defense Analyses; United States. Defense Threat Reduction Agency
Roberts, Brad
2000-11
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Asymmetric Conflict 2010
"Asymmetric warfare emerged as a major theme in U.S. defense planning with the end of the Cold War, the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the shift in focus from peer adversary wars to major theater wars and smaller scale contingencies. At the same time, there has been rising concern about the proliferation of nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) weapons, as well as missile delivery systems, and about their potential utility in asymmetric strategies. These twin factors gave rise to the Defense Counterproliferation Initiative in 1993, which sought to improve the capability of U.S. military force to project and prevail against regional adversaries employing weapons of mass destruction. A decade later, and as the United States begins a Quadrennial Defense Review with a new administration, it is useful to take stock so that mid-course corrections might be made to ensure that desired capabilities are achieved and the challenges of asymmetric warfare fully and competently addressed. Over the last decade, a good deal of thinking has been devoted to defining the asymmetric challenge. Asymmetric conflicts are understood to involve asymmetries of both capability and interest. On capability, the asymmetry in both conventional and nuclear power is much to the benefit of the United States, with the aggressor's imperative to act in ways that do not motivate Washington to bring to bear its full power potential. On interest, the asymmetry--as the aggressor might perceive it--contrasts his ostensibly vital concern against U.S. interests that by definition are over-the-horizon. Asymmetric strategies are the means by which the militarily-weaker state tries to bring whatever advantages it has to bear on the critical weak points of the stronger party. The perceived weak points of U.S.-led coalitions include, for example, the need to project power over long distances, the need for partners in such regional wars, and casualty aversion." Note: This document has been added to the Homeland Security Digital Library in agreement with the Project on Advanced Systems and Concepts for Countering WMD (PASCC) as part of the PASCC collection. Permission to download and/or retrieve this resource has been obtained through PASCC.
Institute for Defense Analyses
Roberts, Brad
2000-11
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Rebuilding for a More Sustainable Future: An Operational Framework
"This document provides guidance to the FEMA [Federal Emergency Management Agency] sustainability planner in the post-disaster response and recovery process. It provides an introduction to the principles and practices of sustainable development and explains the need for sustainable actions to be incorporated into the post-disaster recovery process. It is also a useful reference during non-disaster time for Federal, State, Tribal, and local emergency management officials. The guide explains sustainability tools and programs; how to operate a sustainability desk during a disaster; the role of the sustainability planner in community recovery; and Federal resources for technical assistance and funding. [...] Repetitive disaster losses diminish our quality of life and divert resources that could be used to address other concerns. Recovery from natural disasters presents a unique opportunity to consider alternatives to the damage-rebuild-damage cycle. These alternatives can help communities rebuild stronger, safer and smarter and thereby become less vulnerable to disasters. Communities can also use this opportunity to become more sustainable by integrating hazard mitigation strategies with other community objectives related to economic health, environmental stability, and social well-being."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2000-11-01
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1999 Atlantic Tropical Storms: Views from the NOAA Satellites
"The 1999 hurricane season had above normal activity with 12 named tropical cyclones, 4 of which were tropical storm strength (
United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Climatic Data Center (U.S.)
Graumann, Axel; Lott, Neal
2000-11
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Resource Guide on Racial Profiling Data Collection Systems: Promising Practices and Lessons Learned
"This guide is a blueprint that police and communities can use to develop data collection systems. It offers practical information about implementing these systems and analyzing the data. The guide is not intended to serve as a comprehensive and thorough inventory of all existing data collection systems. It focuses on providing detailed descriptions of data collection efforts in a few selected sites: San Jose, California, which has designed a simple letter-code system allowing information to be collected verbally (via radio) or by computer; San Diego, California, which utilizes an online data collection system; North Carolina, the first state to collect data on traffic stops pursuant to state legislation; Great Britain, which uses a paperbased system to collect information on both traffic and pedestrian stops and searches; and New Jersey, which is collecting information on trafficstops pursuant to a consent decree with the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ). These sites were first identified by DOJ in preparation for the conference and represent various population sizes and geographic locations."
United States. Department of Justice
Ramirez, Deborah; McDevitt, Jack, 1953-; Farrell, Amy
2000-11
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Analysis of Complex Threats - Pacific
"The purpose of this project is to apply the ACT [Analysis of Complex Threats] (CAA-SR-99-4) methodology to analyze country instability in the US Pacific Command (USPACOM) area of responsibility (AOR) through year 2010. The intent of this analysis is to provide USPACOM intelligence analysts with an analytically defensible approach for determining potential locations of intelligence assets."
Center for Army Analysis (U.S.)
Bundy, Judy; Mathur, Kumud
2000-11
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$12 Million Dollar Fire at Dogwood Elementary School, Reston, Virginia
"On November 27, 2000, at 10:30 p.m., Fairfax County, Virginia, Fire and Rescue received a call from the Fairfax County Police Department reporting a fire at the Dogwood Elementary School in Reston, Virginia. The school was built in 1974 in an 'open classroom' design with demountable partitions as 'walls' between groups of four and six classrooms and between classrooms and halls. Measuring approximately 300' by 300', the school was a one story, noncombustible steel frame building with masonry exterior walls. Dogwood served grades kindergarten through six. [...] The school, valued at $12 million, was declared a total loss as a result of the fire. Eight months after the fire, following an intensive, thorough investigation, investigators determined the cause of the fire to be an electrical short in the building's plenum space, with the origin in Quadrant B of the structure."
United States Fire Administration
2000-11
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Traffic Incident Management Handbook
This handbook will assist agencies responsible for incident management activities on public roadways to improve their programs and operations.
United States. Federal Highway Administration
PB Farradyne Inc.
2000-11
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Strategic Personality and the Effectiveness of Nuclear Deterrence
From the abstract: "Changes in the international system since the end of the Cold War has necessitated the reevaluation of the theoretical assumptions that have underlay nuclear deterrence strategies for the past half-century. In light of the emergence of new nuclear-armed states and the breakdown of the bipolar balance-of-power, the old one-size-fits-all deterrence approaches may not reflect the realities of the new security environment. This study suggests how Strategic Personality Typing can provide useful insights into how to approach the problem of forging more effective and supple deterrence strategies in the future. It includes a series of historical case studies to illustrate the kinds of insights the Strategic Personality methodology can provide." Note: This document has been added to the Homeland Security Digital Library in agreement with the Project on Advanced Systems and Concepts for Countering WMD (PASCC) as part of the PASCC collection. Permission to download and/or retrieve this resource has been obtained through PASCC.
Institute for Defense Analyses; United States. Defense Threat Reduction Agency
Ziemke, Caroline F.; Loustaunau, Philippe; Alrich, Amy A.
2000-11
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Foam for Mitigation and Decontamination of Chemical and Biological Weapons Agents
"A non-toxic, non-corrosive aqueous foam with enhanced physical stability for the rapid mitigation and decontamination of chemical (CW) and biological (13W) warfare agents has been developed at Sandia National Laboratories [SNL]. The foam formulation is based on a surfactant system to solubilize sparingly soluble CW agents and to increase rates of reaction with nucleophilic reagents. This decontamination technology is attractive for civilian and military applications for several reasons including 1) a single decon solution can be used for both CW and BW agents, 2) it can be rapidly deployed 3) mitigation of agents can be accomplished in bulk, aerosol, and vapor phases, 4) it exhibits minimal health and collateral damage, 5) it requires minimal logistics support, 6) it has minimal run-off of fluids and no lasting environmental impact, and 7) it is relatively inexpensive."
United States. Department of Energy; Sandia National Laboratories
Tadros, Maher E.; Tucker, Mark D.
2000-11
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Security Clearances and the Protection of National Security Information Law and Procedure
From the Abstract: "This report provides an authoritative compendium for lawyers, security officers and for managers of corporations who must deal with the legal and procedural aspects of security clearances and -not least-for government and contractor employees whose livelihoods depend upon their acquiring or maintaining security clearances."
Defense Personnel Security Research Center (U.S.)
Cohen, Sheldon I.
2000-11
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First Day of a New Congress: A Guide to Proceedings on the House Floor [November 1, 2000]
"This report focuses on the floor activities of the House during its first formal session in a new Congress, and serves as a guide for participating in or watching those proceedings. […] The House of Representatives follows a well established routine on the opening day of a new Congress. The proceedings include election of the Speaker, swearing in its members, election of administrative officers, and adoption of rules of procedure. Also, resolutions assigning its members to committees may be adopted. The House must take these actions at the beginning of each new Congress because it is not a continuing body. Article 1, Section 2 of Constitution sets terms for Members of the House at two years. Thus, the House ends at the conclusion of each two-year Congress and must reconstitute itself at the beginning of a new Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Amer, Mildred L. (Mildred Lehmann)
2000-11-01
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Information Systems Security: The Federal Aviation Administration's Layered Approach
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)develops, maintains, and operates one of the largest
and most complex critical infrastructures; an infrastructure that is almost totally informationcentric. Destroying information or changing it improperly
can disrupt the work of FAA and the
national airspace system. The disclosure of sensitive information about ongoing, critical transportation functions to unauthorized entities can harm the
operations of FAA and other government agencies. For FAA, information systems security extends
beyond the computer environment to the security of airspace and the national airspace system. The
structural, operating, and procedural foundations information systems security provide the mechanisms for achieving FAA's safety, security, and efficiency goals.
United States. Federal Aviation Administration
Mehan, Daniel J.
2000-11
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Small Arms and Asymmetric Threats
"The US response to an asymmetric threat must be an improvement over what has historically been the case. It is arguable that at least three small arms developmental strategies should be adopted. These strategies would permit flexible small arms applications and make the force adaptable in combat at distances from arms-length to roughly 300 meters. First, small arms must overmatch the threat's lethality in close quarters battle while minimizing collateral damage. Second, small arms must continue to overmatch the threat in conventional battle. Third, small arms must be effective against nonparadigmatic shadow threats such as terrorists, drug cartel operatives and transnational criminals. Should US small arms overmatch the threat at long range, the threat will likely seek combat in an urban or heavily wooded area to negate that advantage. The threat could also attempt to erode confidence in weapon systems with the goal of compromising faith in those who manufacture them, the government who supplies them, those who use them and the purpose for which they are employed. Today's pursuit of offensive and defensive technologies--and the under- or over-reliance on them by either the threat or the United States--may well determine whether the US military can successfully deter or defeat future threats. The article also presents likely technological trends that might produce significant improvements in threat small arms from now until the year 2020."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Small, Stephen C.
2000-11
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Implementation of Self-Assessment and Accreditation in the U. S. Marine Corps Fire Service
"The U. S. Department of Defense (DoD) recently agreed to adopt the Commission on Fire Accreditation International (CFAI) Self-Assessment & Accreditation Program (CFAI program) as a measure of merit for DoD fire departments. While two of the DoD Components have started implementing the program, the U. S. Marine Corps has not yet evaluated the U. S. Marine Corps Fire Service support for the CFAI program. Therefore, the problem prompting this research was the failure of the U. S. Marine Corps Fire Protection Program Office to assess the organizational support for the CFAI program and to identify any potential destabilizing forces that could affect the implementation of the program. The purpose of this research was to determine the current organizational support for the CFAI program and to identify the potential destabilizing forces that may affect implementation by the U. S. Marine Corps Fire Service. Evaluative research methods were used to answer the following research questions: 1. Does the literature support the CFAI program as an effective method to measure fire and emergency services? 2. What is the experience of other DoD fire departments that have implemented the CFAI program? 3. Will U. S. Marine Corps Fire Service personnel support implementation of the CFAI program? 4. What are the U. S. Marine Corps Fire Service organizational concerns affecting the implementation of the CFAI program? 5. What is the best strategy for implementing the CFAI program within the U. S. Marine Corps Fire Service?"
National Fire Academy
King, T. Kevin
2000-11
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Organizing for National Security
Over the last decade the United States has been confronted with not just the collapse of the Soviet empire but also with revolutionary scientific breakthroughs, the transformation of the global economy, and the erosion of many of the basic premises of the Westphalian system of international order. The U.S. policy community has attempted to make sense of these and other changes by recourse to bodies such as the National Defense Panel and the U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century (USNCS/21). The USNCS/21 is currently in the third phase of its mandated activities. At the end of phase three, the members of the Commission will recommend changes in the institutions of the U.S. national security policymaking system. Its conclusions are likely to stimulate a lively, and much needed debate. In order for institutional reform to succeed, it will have to be guided by a coherent and compelling national strategy which must, in turn, be anchored in widely-accepted national interests. It will also have to be in accord with such constitutional principles as civilian control of the armed forces and the inviolability of the civil liberties of all Americans. Hopefully, the chapters in this volume will offer some useful insights and some encouragement
Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
Douglas, Stuart T.
2000-11
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Law Enforcement Referral of At-Risk Youth: The SHIELD Program
"Police officers play a crucial role in the juvenile justice system, one that extends beyond enforcing the law. The police officer on the beat has first-hand knowledge of the community and its youth--knowledge that can prove a valuable asset in efforts to prevent delinquency. Initiated in 1996, with funding from the Bureau of Justice Assistance, the Westminster, CA, police department's Strategic Home Intervention and Early Leadership Development (SHIELD) program takes advantage of contacts made by law enforcement officers to identify youth at risk of delinquency and refer them to appropriate community services. Not only are officers familiar with the youth in their communities, they are increasingly knowledgeable about risk and protective factors related to delinquency. This Bulletin describes how the SHIELD program mobilizes these assets to identify youth at risk of involvement in violent behavior, substance abuse, and gang activity and to address their needs through a multidisciplinary team approach involving representatives from the community, schools, and service agencies."
United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
Wyrick, Phelan A.
2000-11
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Comprehensive Responses to Youth at Risk: Interim Findings from the SafeFutures Initiative Summary
"This Summary focuses on the sites' implementation of SafeFutures during the first 3 years of the initiative. The first major section describes the SafeFutures initiative, its goals, and its theoretical foundation. The first section also includes an overview of the demonstration sites and a discussion of each site's management structure for SafeFutures. Subsequent major sections discuss each of the nine SafeFutures components. Each of these sections provides a brief description of the component and selected examples of local programs addressing that component. The examples were chosen to illustrate the variety of programs implemented and are not intended to serve as an exhaustive inventory of SafeFutures programming. Rather, examples reflect programming that appears promising, includes innovative features, or highlights such broad themes as interagency collaboration, systems reform, cultural competency, and/or advocacy. To illustrate the potential pitfalls facing initiatives such as SafeFutures, the Summary includes some examples of programs that were discontinued or that encountered particular difficulties. The final section identifies lessons learned during SafeFutures' first 3 years. It is important to acknowledge that sites are continuing to build on community strengths and respond to the challenges noted in this Summary. A full account of the sites' continued progress and challenges will be documented in the final evaluation report."
United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
Morley, Elaine; Rossman, Shelli B.; Kopczynski, Mary
2000-11
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1998 National Youth Gang Survey Summary
"The fourth in this series, the 1998 National Youth Gang Survey was administered by the National Youth Gang Center to a representative sample of city and county jurisdictions. To facilitate comparative analyses, the 1998 survey used the same sample as its 1996 and 1997 predecessors. This Summary provides the results of the 1998 survey, which indicate that the percentage of jurisdictions reporting active youth gangs decreased from the previous year, from 51 percent in 1997 to 48 percent in 1998. An estimated 780,200 gang members were active in 28,700 youth gangs in 1998, a decrease from the previous year's figures of 816,000 and 30,500, respectively. Despite these declines, and similar declines from 1996 to 1997, gangs remain a serious problem. For example, every city with a population of 250,000 or greater reported the presence of youth gangs, as they did in 1996 and 1997. In addition, the number of gang members increased 43 percent in rural counties from 1996 to 1998, as youth gang participation continued to spread beyond the confines of the Nation's major cities. Awareness of such data is crucial to understanding the nature of America's gang problem and to successfully addressing it. The findings of the 1998 National Youth Gang Survey featured in this Summary should enhance our efforts to combat youth gangs."
United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
2000-11
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Transportation Decision Making: Policy Architecture for the 21st Century
Transportation - and the world - are rapidly changing. Transportation is increasingly viewed, not as an end in itself, but as a means to enhance the nation's economic health, and the quality of life of its citizens. Transportation is more than concrete, asphalt, and steel. Transportation serves people and makes sure that no one is left behind. Globalization and improved communications are increasing the demands on the transportation system and challenging us to meet the needs for additional capacity in light of concerns about safety, security, energy, and the environment. At the same time, transportation decision making has become more decentralized and complex. These changes demand new tools, new competencies, new alliances - in short, a new framework for making decisions - a new transportation policy architecture. Defining this architecture and applying it is a key part of the U.S. Department of Transportation's strategy for meeting the challenges of the next 25 years. The architecture is an overarching set of principles to encourage more open, collaborative, and flexible decision making across the transportation enterprise. It will allow all parts of the enterprise - international, federal, state, regional, local, and private - to make more effective decisions.
United States. Department of Transportation
2000-11
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Agricultural Transportation Challenges of the 21st Century: Transportation, Handling, and Logistical implications of Bioengineered Grains and Oilseeds: A Prospective Analysis
The overall goals of the analysis are to describe and analyze the transportation, handling, and logistical implications likely to result from the continued adoption of bioengineered grains and oilseeds in the United States, including such factors as the number and type of bioengineered products likely to emerge; product certification and testing requirements; and the transportation, storage, and handling requirements that will have to be met if bioengineered products are to be marketed successfully. To achieve those overall goals, a number of specific analyses were conducted. The results of these studies are integrated and reported in this report. The remainder of this section provides a systems perspective of the dynamics inherent in marketing system change, driven by biotechnology. The report's second section will briefly review and assess biotechnology from the perspective of its potential implications for the marketing sector. The next two major sections will examine the evolution of the commodity marketing systems, employing alternative lenses. First, alternative market structures will be detailed by investigating key distinguishing characteristics relative to those of the commodity market channel. Second, the results of indepth futuring exercises with decision makers from throughout today's production and market system will be reported. The final section of the report will identify handling, storage, and logistical implications of alternative future paths for biotechnology.
United States. Department of Agriculture
Cunningham, Carrie; Sonka, Steven T.; Schroeder, R. Christopher
2000-11
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United States Army Corps of Engineers Geospatial Data and Systems Management
To help the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers manage its substantial investment in geospatial data and systems (GD&S), a review of the current state of GD&S in the Districts and Divisions was needed. The authors surveyed employees involved in GD&S work in multiple functional areas at multiple sites. The survey contained questions on GD&S administration and personnel issues including data management, GD&S maintenance, data libraries, data sharing, and Information Management involvement with GD&S. Other topic areas covered are GD&S workflow and technical issues, including hardware, software, metadata creation and publishing, data storage and distribution, networks, and security. The results of the survey show great differences in the approaches and challenges within the various Districts and Divisions. Many are finding solutions that are shared in this report. The report is written as a manual for managers. Each existing problem is described followed by possible solutions. Seven conclusions and a summary "Manager's Checklist" of GD&S issues are included.
United States. Army. Corps of Engineers
Greeley, Nancy H.; Dilks, Kelly M.; Adams, Chad M.
2000-11
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E-mail Over High Frequency (HF) Radio: Filling the Communications Gap During Unexpected Telephone Outages
High frequency radio can provide a communications path to the Internet for sending and receiving E-mail messages in times of telephone network failures. With a laptop computer, and HF radio data modem, and an HF radio transceiver with Automatic Link Establishment (ALE), even an operator who has no radio knowledge or experience can send and receive E-mail messages. A major drawback to using HF E-mail systems is that most systems are proprietary and not interoperable with any others. This document compares the advantages and disadvantages of different HF E-mail systems including: Clover II, Clover 2000, STANAG 5066, STANAG 4285, MIL-STD-188-110B, and MIL-STD-188-110A, as well as sytems still in development.
National Communications System (U.S.). Office of the Manager
Karty, Steven L.
2000-11
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Development of a Facility Prioritizing Tool for Pre-Fire Planning
"The problem facing our department was that we had not pre-planned enough of the facilities in our community. We had the tools and a procedure for creating them in place; however, we had not allocated sufficient resources to effectively perform the task. What we needed was a system that would allow us to rank all our facilities for planning. We proposed that by setting priorities we could focus our limited resources where they were most needed. The purpose of this research project was to create or identfy a facility prioritizing method that we could use to identify where we should focus our effort in pre-fire planning. Action research supported by the historical research method was applied to answer the following questions: (1) How much time and involvement do we want to invest in prioritizing each facility as opposed to the actual preplanning? (2) What methods have been used by the fire service to prioritize facilities before and what criteria did they use? (3) What criteria should we use to prioritize facilities for pre-planning? The procedures utilized in this research initially focused on identifying factors in fire service literature that described methods of prioritizing facilities for pre-planning."
National Fire Academy
Willy, Donald
2000-11
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Succession Planning for the Fire Service: A Vision for the 21st Century
"Many of Palm Beach County Fire-Rescue's (PBCFR) senior fire officers will retire in the next five years. The purpose of this Applied Research Project was to examine how those retirements will affect PBCFR and whether a formal succession plan would be beneficial in coping with the loss of so many senior officers. Evaluative research was conducted to answer the following questions: 1. How do fire departments plan for the professional development of fire officers? 2. Does a lack of succession planning affect organizations? 3. What constitutes successful succession planning? The procedure employed was a literature review of journal articles that examined professional development training for senior managers and succession planning in the fire service and the public sector. An analysis of employment records from PBCFR was conducted to determine how many personnel will retire and project when those retirements will occur. The results of the research suggested that succession planning and on going professional development of personnel would benefit PBCFR. Research showed that there is a correlation between success and failure within an organization that can be directly attributed to the amount of emphasis placed on profissional development of personnel and formal succession planning. The recommendations from the research included instituting a formal succession planning process to include mentoring and stretch work assignments for personnel. A further recommendation included enhancement of existing Officer Candidate School."
National Fire Academy
Howes, Christopher T.
2000-11
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Manual of Crime Analysis Map Production
"Through discussion and comprehensive examples, this manual provides guidelines for introductory-level crime analysis mapping for use in a law enforcement environment. Mapping is essential to both the analysis and presentation phases of crime analysis, as it facilitates spatial depictions of crime and related law enforcement data. Crime analysis mapping is a valuable problem solving tool because it can lead to the identification of new problems facing law enforcement, lend a visual perspective to an analysis, assist in the development of an effective response, aid in the formation of partnerships by providing a common point of reference, and assist evaluation procedures. To produce accurate and effective crime analysis maps, there are three initial factors to consider: (1) the purpose of the map, (2) the audience of the map, and (3) the types of data to include in the map. These considerations often dictate the type of map that will be used and the method of presentation. This document begins with a brief examination of these initial factors, follows with a discussion of the types of maps and design elements, and concludes with five comprehensive examples that illustrate the process of crime analysis mapping."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Santos, Rachel Boba; Velasco, Mary
2000-11
