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Defense Primer: Department of Defense Pre-Positioned Materiel [December 9, 2020]
From the Document: "As part of its global posture, the U.S. military maintains war reserve materiel (WRM), stocks of 'mission-essential secondary items, principal and end items, and munitions,' to 'attain and sustain operational objectives in scenarios' authorized by the Department of Defense (DOD). Some of this materiel, designated pre-positioned WRM, or PWRM, is 'strategically located to facilitate a timely response ... during the initial phase of an operation.' PWRM is stored worldwide at or near points of planned use in specialized facilities and dedicated ships."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hacker, Tyler F.
2020-12-09
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U.S. Customs and Border Protection Standards of Conduct
From the Introduction: "In fulfilling its mission, CBP [Customs and Border Protection] and its employees must sustain the trust and confidence of the public they serve. All employees must maintain high standards of honesty, integrity, impartiality, character, and professionalism to ensure the proper performance of government business and the continued trust and confidence of the public. The conduct of CBP employees must reflect the qualities of integrity and loyalty to the United States; a sense of responsibility for the public trust; courtesy and promptness in dealing with and serving the public; and a standard of personal behavior that reflects positively upon, and will be a credit to, both CBP and its employees."
United States. Office of Homeland Security; U.S. Customs and Border Protection
2020-12-09
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 2757, HELP for Small Business Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs on March 11, 2020. From the Document: "S. 2757 would direct federal agencies to waive fines on small businesses for first-time violations of reporting requirements. Those waivers would not apply if the agency determines the violation was intended to cover criminal activity, related to tax collections, not corrected in a timely manner, or dangerous to public health and safety. Agencies would be required to track and report on the waived fines."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2020-12-09
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Iran: Internal Politics and U.S. Policy and Options [Updated December 9, 2020]
From the Summary: "U.S.-Iran relations have been mostly adversarial since the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran, occasionally flaring into direct conflict while at other times witnessing negotiations or tacit cooperation on selected issues. U.S. officials have consistently identified the regime's support for militant Middle East groups as a significant threat to U.S. interests and allies, and limiting the expansion of Iran's nuclear program has been a key U.S. policy goal for nearly two decades. The Obama Administration engaged Iran directly and obtained a July 2015 multilateral nuclear agreement (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, JCPOA) that exchanged sanctions relief for limits on Iran's nuclear program. The accord did not contain binding curbs on Iran's missile program or its regional interventions, or any requirements that the Iranian government improve its human rights practices. The Trump Administration criticized the JCPOA's perceived shortcomings and returned to prior policies of seeking to weaken Iran strategically. On May 8, 2018, the Administration announced it would no longer implement the U.S. commitments under the JCPOA and it re-imposed all U.S. secondary sanctions. The stated intent of the Trump Administration's 'maximum pressure' policy on Iran is to compel it change its behavior, including negotiating a new nuclear agreement that encompasses the broad range of U.S. concerns."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Katzman, Kenneth
2020-12-09
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Responding to COVID-19: Immigrants Face Major Barriers to Accessing Essential Services in the SF Bay Area
From the Document: "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] disproportionately impacts foreign-born communities due to the overlapping issues of poverty, lack of access to healthcare, and legal vulnerabilities among immigrants. Some immigrants' precarious legal status means that they do not receive government support under the CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act and are more likely to lack health insurance. Six million immigrants are essential workers in the United States, which increases their risk of exposure to the coronavirus at work or during their commute. In the San Francisco Bay Area, stay-at-home orders and social distancing provisions may be nearly impossible to follow for a substantial number of the region's 2.3 million immigrants, given work demands and crowded living arrangements. As the number of COVID-19 cases continues to rise in the Bay Area and across the U.S., it is clear that immigrants are at the front lines of this pandemic. Where can immigrants turn to for help during the pandemic? What barriers do they face in accessing necessary services? This brief summarizes key issues around immigrant service provision in the San Francisco Bay Area in the context of COVID-19, from economic aid to food assistance. It shines a light on the structural inequities that immigrants face, especially those who are low-income. In particular, the brief highlights seven key challenges: barriers to accessible healthcare, employment and housing vulnerabilities, obstacles to obtaining economic assistance, fear over using public benefits (even when eligible), going hungry, language barriers, and the digital divide."
University of California, Berkeley. Berkeley Interdisciplinary Migration Initiative
Narahari, Nina; Pon, Sydney; Ragot, Salomé . . .
2020-12-09?
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Viewpoints in Homeland Defense and Security: Blip on the Radar: School Safety Synergy Through Early Warning and Information Sharing [video]
From the Webpage: "In this episode of the CHDS [Center for Homeland Defense and Security] Master's Thesis Series, Heather Issvoran interviews Bruno Dias, Director of Safety, Security, and Threat Management for the Mansfield Independent School District on his thesis, 'Blip on the radar; school safety synergy through early warning and information sharing.'" The duration of this video is 26 minutes and 54 seconds. The full thesis can be found here: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=850257].
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Issvoran, Heather; Dias, Bruno S.
2020-12-09
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National Space Policy of the United States of America
From the Introduction: "Fifty-one years ago, the United States focused its will, leadership, and imagination to lead the greatest expedition in history, the landing of the first humans on another celestial body. The aspiration to explore space led the United States to generate the new technologies, capabilities, expertise, and businesses to fulfill this goal. [...] As we seek to expand the benefits of space to people on Earth and in space, unfettered access to, and freedom to operate in, space will remain a vital national interest. Recognizing the right of nations to explore and use outer space, the United States will continue to use space for the security of the Nation and our allies. Should any adversary threaten to endanger the benefits we all derive from space, the United States will employ all elements of national power to deter and, if necessary, prevail over hostile activities in, from, and through space."
United States. White House Office
2020-12-09
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Economic Benefits of COVID-19 Screening Tests with a Vaccine Rollout
From the Abstract: "This note estimates the costs and benefits of a nationwide COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] screening testing program in the presence of an imminently arriving vaccine. Even for an optimistic vaccine rollout scenario, a well-designed federally-funded screening testing program, coupled with self-isolation of those who test positive, pays for itself in terms of increased fiscal revenues and is projected to save 10,000 or more lives. The sooner the testing program is put in place, the greater are its net economic benefits."
Harvard University
Atkeson, Andrew; Droste, Michael C.; Mina, Michael J. . . .
2020-12-09
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Department of Homeland Security: Maritime Law Enforcement Assessment (Fiscal Year 2020 Report to Congress)
From the Foreword: "I am pleased to present the following report, 'Maritime Law Enforcement Assessment,' which has been prepared by the U.S. Coast Guard. Senate Report 116-125 accompanying the Fiscal Year 2020 Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act (P.L. 116-93) directs the Coast Guard to provide an assessment of the Coast Guard's ability to conduct maritime law enforcement activities on the high seas in support of international partners. Pursuant to congressional requirements, this report is being provided to the following Members of Congress: [1] The Honorable Lucille Roybal-Allard Chairwoman, House Appropriations Subcommittee on Homeland Security; [2] The Honorable Chuck Fleischmann Ranking Member, House Appropriations Subcommittee on Homeland Security; [3] The Honorable Shelley Moore Capito Chairman, Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Homeland Security; [and] [4] The Honorable Jon Tester Ranking Member, Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Homeland Security."
United States. Department of Homeland Security; United States. Coast Guard
2020-12-09
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How FEMA Public Assistance Works [December 8, 2020] [infographic]
From the Document: "FEMA's Public Assistance (PA) reimburses eligible public and nonprofit entities for at least 75% of eligible response and recovery costs when authorized in a presidential emergency or major disaster declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act." The attached infographic outlines, "[1] What is Public Assistance (PA)? [2] How is PA funded? [3] How is PA authorized? [4] How is PA structured? and [5] How do applicants receive PA funds?"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lee, Erica A.
2020-12-08
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Judicial Review Under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) [December 8, 2020]
From the Document: "Federal agencies administer a wide range of areas by adopting rules, adjudicating disputes and claims, and providing guidance on matters within their purview. Given the potential impact of these agency actions on individual rights, the Supreme Court has recognized a 'strong presumption that Congress intends judicial review of agency action'; this presumption is embodied in the Administrative Procedure Act (APA). For agency actions not governed by another statute, the APA defines the federal courts' 'scope of review--how' courts review agency actions, including the legal standards used to review those actions. This Sidebar provides a brief summary of the APA's judicial review requirements before exploring the scope of that review. It does not address other issues affecting judicial review of agency actions, such as subject-matter jurisdiction or the case-or-controversy requirement."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Gaffney, Jonathan M.
2020-12-08
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Energy and Water Development Appropriations for Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation: In Brief [Updated December 8, 2020]
From the Summary: "The Department of Energy's (DOE's) nonproliferation and national security programs provide technical capabilities to support U.S. efforts to 'prevent, counter, respond' to the proliferation of nuclear weapons worldwide, including by both states and non-state actors. These programs are administered by the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), a semi-autonomous agency established within DOE in 2000. NNSA is responsible for maintaining the U.S. nuclear weapons stockpile, providing nuclear fuel to the Navy, nuclear and radiological emergency response, and nuclear nonproliferation activities. NNSA's Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation is funded under the Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation (DNN) account. This report addresses the programs in the DNN account, appropriated by the Energy and Water appropriations bill. The FY2021 request for DNN appropriations was $2.031 billion. The proposal included unobligated prior year balances. The reduction continues an earlier trend to reduce prior-year carryover balances. According to the budget justification, the decrease of 6.2% from the FY2020-enacted level is due to 'completion of funding for contractual termination' of the mixed-oxide fuel (MOX) project at the Savannah River Site."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Nikitin, Mary Beth Dunham
2020-12-08
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COVID-19 Vaccines: Global Health Issues [December 8, 2020]
From the Summary: "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to severe health and economic consequences across the globe, with country governments struggling to contain the spread of the disease through physical lockdown and quarantine measures, while working towards vaccines, to prevent further morbidity (illness) and mortality (death). As of December 8, 2020, COVID-19 cases had reached roughly 67 million, with over 1.5 million deaths globally. The successful deployment of a COVID-19 vaccine globally could curb spread of the virus by aiding in creating herd immunity; whereby a high proportion of individuals within a population are resistant to infection based on pre-existing immunity (through vaccination and/or previous infection). At least 200 experimental COVID-19 vaccine candidates are under development worldwide. As of November 30, 2020, several companies, including Pfizer and Moderna, had requested emergency use authorization from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for their vaccine candidates. Vaccine development is typically a long, complex, and difficult process that can take decades. However, given the urgency of controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, governments, philanthropies, international organizations, scientists, and manufacturers are expediting research and development (R&D) for COVID-19 vaccines and other medical countermeasures. The stated goal of many entities is making a vaccine widely available within two years."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Tharakan, Sara M.; Salaam-Blyther, Tiaji; Sekar, Kavya
2020-12-08
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COVID-19 Pandemic: Labor Market Implications for Women [December 8, 2020]
From the Summary: "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic dramatically disrupted the labor force in early 2020 as businesses closed or reduced operations and consumer demand shifted away from in-person commerce. The swift drop in economic activity translated into widespread and massive employment loss. This report considers the implications for women, who disproportionately lost employment during the early months of the pandemic; as 2020 comes to a close, labor market data suggest that to some degree these losses may be lasting. Women's employment declined by 17.8% (13.3 million fewer women were employed) between January 2020 and April 2020. In contrast, men's employment declined by 14.3% between January and April. Employment loss (as a share of January employment) for Black women and Hispanic women has been considerable and exceeded that of other groups. Women's employment has recovered to some extent since April, with particularly large gains in October. In that month, women's employment was 6% below January values, and men's employment was lower by about 5%. However, with COVID-19 cases spiking and new business restrictions being reintroduced this fall, some of the recent employment gains could reverse in the near term. If so, women may again bear a disproportionate burden of employment losses."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Donovan, Sarah A.; Labonte, Marc
2020-12-08
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Nuclear Command, Control, and Communications (NC3) Modernization [December 8, 2020]
From the Document: "The U.S. military is currently recapitalizing its nuclear arsenal; one effort in this regard is the replacement of many of the systems that make up its nuclear command, control, and communications (NC3) architecture. According to the 2018 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR), the 'NC3 system performs five crucial functions: detection, warning, and attack characterization; adaptive nuclear planning; decision-making conferencing; receiving Presidential orders; and enabling the management and direction of forces.' [...] The Department of Defense (DOD) has identified a number of expanding threats that might challenge current NC3 systems and thus create a need to procure new systems. The NPR states that China and Russia have developed capabilities that could potentially threaten space-based systems; in addition, the introduction of modern information technologies poses potential cyber vulnerability, which 'has created new challenges and potential vulnerabilities for the NC3 system.' Moreover, many NC3 systems entered service in the 1970s, so some, like the Strategic Automated Command and Control System, are reaching the end of their life or are facing parts obsolescence. This makes maintenance either impractical or extremely expensive. According to some experts, the NC3 architecture is composed of up to 160 individual systems; the following discussion highlights select NC3 systems that the Pentagon might consider replacing in the near term."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hoehn, John R.
2020-12-08
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Defense Primer: Army Multi-Domain Operations (MDO) [Updated December 8, 2020]
From the Document: "As an operational concept, Multi-Domain Operations (MDO) influence what types of weapon systems and equipment the Army procures, what types and numbers of soldiers are needed, and what type of training is required-- significant legislative concerns for Congress. In this regard, an understanding of MDO could prove beneficial for congressional oversight activities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Feickert, Andrew
2020-12-08
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Yemen: Civil War and Regional Intervention [Updated December 8, 2020]
From the Summary: "For over a decade, the Republic of Yemen has been torn apart by multiple armed conflicts to which several internal militant groups and foreign nations are parties. Collectively, these conflicts have eroded central governance in Yemen, and have fragmented the nation into various local centers of power. The gradual dissolution of Yemen's territorial integrity has alarmed the United States and others in the international community. Policymaker concerns include fears that state failure may empower Yemen-based transnational terrorist groups; destabilize vital international shipping lanes near the Bab al Mandab strait (also spelled Bab al Mandeb, Bab el Mendeb); and provide opportunities for Iran to threaten Saudi Arabia's borders. Beyond geo-strategic concerns, the collapse of Yemeni institutions during wartime has exacerbated poor living conditions in what has long been the most impoverished Arab country, leading to what is now considered the world's worst humanitarian crisis. This report provides information on these ongoing and overlapping crises. [...] For several years, Yemen has been considered the worst humanitarian crisis in the world, and public health experts warn that the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have significant negative effects on Yemen's vulnerable population. To date, most humanitarian agencies believe that the extent of the outbreak in Yemen has been underreported."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sharp, Jeremy Maxwell
2020-12-08
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Counting Electoral Votes: An Overview of Procedures at the Joint Session, Including Objections by Members of Congress [Updated December 8, 2020]
From the Summary: "The Constitution and federal law establish a detailed timetable following the presidential election during which time the members of the electoral college convene in the 50 state capitals and in the District of Columbia, cast their votes for President and Vice President, and submit their votes through state officials to both houses of Congress. The electoral votes are scheduled to be opened before a joint session of Congress on January 6, 2021. Federal law specifies the procedures for this session and for challenges to the validity of an electoral vote. This report describes the steps in the process and precedents set in prior presidential elections governing the actions of the House and Senate in certifying the electoral vote and in responding to challenges of the validity of electoral votes. This report has been revised and will be updated on a periodic basis to provide the dates for the relevant joint session of Congress and to reflect any new, relevant precedents or practices."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Rybicki, Elizabeth; Whitaker, L. Paige
2020-12-08
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Defense Primer: Defense Support of Civil Authorities [Updated December 8, 2020]
From the Introduction: "The U.S. military has a long history of providing support to civil authorities, particularly in response to disasters, but for other purposes as well. The Defense Department currently defines 'defense support of civil authorities' as 'Support provided by U.S. Federal military forces, DOD civilians, DOD contract personnel, DOD Component assets, and National Guard forces (when the Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the Governors of the affected States, elects and requests to use those forces in Title 32, U.S.C., status) in response to requests for assistance from civil authorities for domestic emergencies, law enforcement support, and other domestic activities, or from qualifying entities for special event.' (DOD Directive 3025.18). Defense support of civil authorities in response to disasters is typically carried out in accordance with the National Response Framework (NRF), which is a structure of preparedness that guides the nation in responding to domestic disasters and emergencies. The NRF is always in effect and its structures, roles, and responsibilities can be partially or fully implemented in response to a threat or hazard. It aims to produce a scaled response with appropriate coordination. Under the NRF framework, local and state governments are expected to put forth their best effort during incidents within their jurisdiction. They should only request federal assistance when their resources are overwhelmed. At that point, DOD may provide support in response to the Request for Assistance (RFA), typically as part of a broader federal response."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kapp, Lawrence
2020-12-08
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U.S. Investors Are Funding Malign PRC Companies on Major Indices
From the Fact Sheet: "The Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) threat to American national security extends into our financial markets and impacts American investors. Many major stock and bond indices developed by index providers like MSCI [Morgan Stanley Capital International] and FTSE [Financial Times Stock Exchange] include malign People's Republic of China (PRC) companies that are listed on the Department of Commerce's Entity List and/or the Department of Defense's List of 'Communist Chinese military companies' (CCMCs). The money flowing into these index funds--often passively, from U.S. retail investors--supports Chinese companies involved in both civilian and military production. Some of these companies produce technologies for the surveillance of civilians and repression of human rights, as is the case with Uyghurs and other Muslim minority groups in Xinjiang, China, as well as in other repressive regimes, such as Iran and Venezuela. As of December 2020, at least 24 of the 35 parent-level CCMCs had affiliates' securities included on a major securities index. This includes at least 71 distinct affiliate-level securities issuers. There are also at least 13 PRC firms on the Entity List whose parent company or affiliates are included in the MSCI or FTSE stock indices. The MSCI emerging market index includes 230 Chinese A-shares stocks incorporated on the Mainland, quoted in renminbi, and listed on Chinese Communist Party-controlled Shanghai and Shenzhen exchanges."
United States. Department of State. Office of the Spokesperson
2020-12-08
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 2722, SWAG Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs on March 11, 2020. From the Document: "S. 2722 would prohibit federal agencies from using federal funds to purchase, acquire or distribute swag, which the bill defines as tangible products or merchandise distributed at no cost with the sole purpose of advertising or promoting an agency, organization, or program. The bill would allow certain exceptions, including items that generate a positive return on investment to agencies or that are used for recruitment, and mascots related to the Armed Forces. Under S. 2722, each agency would be required to report on its spending for public relations and advertising for the previous fiscal year, and the Office of Management and Budget would be required to issue implementing regulations."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2020-12-08
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Effects of S. 1811, Water Resources Development Act of 2020
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as Posted on the Website of the Clerk of the House on December 4, 2020. From the Document: "S. 1811 would authorize the Army Corps of Engineers to construct projects and conduct feasibility studies to improve navigation and flood management, mitigate storm and hurricane damage, and restore ecosystems. Enacting the bill would increase direct spending by $75 million over the 2021-2030 period and would not affect revenues. CBO has not completed an estimate of the bill's effects on spending that is subject to appropriation. Section 351 would authorize the Corps, at the request of the nonfederal sponsor of an eligible project, to either renegotiate deferred payment agreements or to repay the outstanding principal in full by 2023 in exchange for a waiver of all interest payments. CBO expects there would be a 50 percent chance that nonfederal sponsors would choose the prepayment option, thus we estimate offsetting collections would increase in fiscal years 2021 through 2023. Using information from the Corps, CBO estimates that enacting this provision would decrease net offsetting receipts (an increase in direct spending) by $56 million over the 2021-2030 period. After 2030, there would be additional decreases in offsetting receipts but CBO has no basis to estimate those effects."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2020-12-08
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 7539, Strengthening Behavioral Health Parity Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Energy and Commerce on July 15, 2020. From the Document: "H.R. 7539 would require the Secretaries of the Departments of Labor (DOL), Health and Human Services (HHS), and Treasury to request a minimum of 20 comparative analyses per year from health insurance plans. The analyses would include potential violations of parity requirements between medical and mental health and substance abuse services and would involve potential noncompliance with nonquantitative treatment limitations (NQTLs). NQTLs are practices such as prior authorization, medical management standards, step therapy, and prescription drug formulary design. H.R. 7539 also would require the Secretaries to include a summary of the comparative analyses in a report to the Congress each year and to include examples of noncompliance found through those investigations in program guidance that is issued every two years."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2020-12-08
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Executive Order 13962: Ensuring Access to United States Government COVID-19 Vaccines
From the Document: "Through unprecedented collaboration across the United States Government, industry, and international partners, the United States expects to soon have safe and effective COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] vaccines available for the American people. To ensure the health and safety of our citizens, to strengthen our economy, and to enhance the security of our Nation, we must ensure that Americans have priority access to COVID-19 vaccines developed in the United States or procured by the United States Government ('United States Government COVID-19 Vaccines')."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Trump, Donald, 1946-
2020-12-08
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Burden of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Women in the Workforce
From the Foreword: "No matter how one looks at the economic data--by race, by sector, by income--the story is the same: the burden of the coronavirus pandemic is falling hardest on women. Without action, the pandemic will likely erase decades of progress for working women, who are now being forced to shoulder the burden of childcare and remote learning. [...] Working women have always had to make difficult choices to balance their careers and their families, but the pandemic has made these decisions nearly impossible. Women, especially women of color, are overrepresented in the industries that have been hit hardest by COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019], such as food service, retail, and health care. In corporate America, as many as two million women are considering leaving the workforce, due to childcare responsibilities. A longstanding lack of globally competitive family policy compounds some employers' reluctance to make necessary adjustments for working parents now. [...] Without a response and recovery effort that focuses on women and families, the glaring disparities between men and women in the workplace are likely to deepen and last for generations. To restore our economy and maximize our economic potential, we need a recovery plan that supports working women and families."
United States. Congress. House. Office of Katie Porter
2020-12-08
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H. Rept. 116-622: Reliable Investment in Vital Energy Reauthorization Act, Report to Accompany H.R. 3361, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, December 8, 2020
From the Purpose and Summary: "H.R. 3361, the 'Reliable Investment in Vital Energy Reauthorization Act' or the 'RIVER Act', was introduced by Representatives David McKinley (R-WV [Republican-West Virginia]) and Paul Tonko (D-NY [Democrat-New York]). This bill reauthorizes the Hydroelectric Production Incentive and the Hydropower Efficiency Improvement programs at the Department of Energy."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020-12-08
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H. Rept. 116-632: Shareholder Political Transparency Act of 2020, Report Together with Minority Views, to Accompany H.R. 5929, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, December 8, 2020
From the Purpose and Summary: "On February 21, 2020, Representative Foster introduced H.R. 5929, the Shareholder Political Transparency Act of 2020. H.R. 5929 requires public companies to submit quarterly reports to both the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC or Commission) and investors detailing the amount, date, and nature of the company's expenditures for political activities. If the political expenditure was made in support of (or opposition to) a particular candidate, or was made to a trade association, then the company must disclose the candidate and/or trade association. The bill also requires public companies to disclose in their annual reports any political expenditures over $10,000 in the previous year, as well as the nature and amount of any political expenditures the company plans to make in the upcoming year."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020-12-08
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H. Rept. 116-635: Protecting Innocent Consumers Affected by a Shutdown Act, Report Together with Minority Views, to Accompany H.R. 4328, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, December 8, 2020
From the Purpose and Summary: "On September 13, 2019, Chairwoman Maxine Waters introduced H.R. 4328, the 'Protecting Innocent Consumers Affected by a Shutdown Act,' which amends the Fair Credit Reporting Act to protect government employees, contractors, and other consumers affected by a Federal government shutdown. H.R. 4328 restricts 'furnishers' and the credit rating agencies from including any adverse financial information resulting from a government shutdown in the affected consumers' credit profiles for the duration of a shutdown, plus 90 days. H.R. 4328 also prohibits banks, employers and other users of consumer reports from considering adverse credit information regarding such consumers from the applicable period."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020-12-08
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H. Rept. 116-633: Cybersecurity Disclosure Act of 2019, Report Together with Minority Views, to Accompany H.R. 1731, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, December 8, 2020
From the Purpose and Summary: "On March 13, 2019, Representative Jim Himes introduced H.R. 1731, the Cybersecurity Disclosure Act of 2019. H.R. 1731, which would require the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to issue rules that require publicly traded companies, in their annual reports to the SEC or in their annual proxy statements, to disclose whether any member of the company's board of directors, or similar governing body, has expertise or experience in cybersecurity and the nature of such expertise or experience. If no members of the company's governing body have cybersecurity experience or expertise, the bill would require the company to describe what other cybersecurity aspects were taken into account by persons responsible for identifying and evaluating nominees for the company's governing body."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020-12-08
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Avoiding a Pacific Lost Decade: Financing the Pacific's COVID-19 Recovery
From the Executive Summary: "The economic and social damage wrought by the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic threatens a Pacific 'lost decade'. The Pacific has been hit particularly hard by the pandemic because of its heavy reliance on a few key income sources, which have been badly affected by the crisis, especially international tourism. Even when the pandemic has eventually been brought under control and vaccines become widely available, the Pacific's economic and developmental progress is likely to have been permanently set back. More people will be left struggling or unable to meet their basic needs and the prospects for a more prosperous, stable, and secure region will be greatly reduced. [...] The Pacific requires a multi-year 'recovery package' financed by its official development partners totalling [sic] at least US$3.5 billion (A$5.0 billion) if it is to fully recover from the pandemic. This should take the form of an increase in grant assistance to the extent possible. However, with limited political appetite for this strategy, the use of appropriately structured recovery loans is also feasible as a lower cost option to reach the full scale of financing required. In line with its own interests, values, and international responsibilities, Australia should establish a A$2 billion COVID-19 Pacific recovery financing facility, and advocate for other parts of the international community to increase their own contributions to help the Pacific recover from the worst economic shock in the region's modern history."
Lowy Institute for International Policy
Dayant, Alexandre; Rajah, Roland
2020-12-08
