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COVID-19: Tax Policy Options to Address Medical Supply Chain Concerns [November 20, 2020]
From the Document: "The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States has drawn attention to the ways in which the U.S. economy depends on global manufacturing and supply chains. Many Members of Congress have expressed a strong interest in responding to U.S. shortages of medical supplies-- particularly personal protective equipment (PPE) and pharmaceuticals--as the United States steps up efforts to contain and counter COVID-19. This Insight summarizes the current state of U.S. reliance on foreign medical supplies and identifies potential tax policy options Congress may consider to encourage domestic production of certain medical goods. Changes to tax policies in combination with other economic policies and market forces could encourage domestic production, particularly for companies that are already looking to reshore manufacturing or diversify existing supply chains."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Marples, Donald J.; Schwarzenberg, Andres B.; Sutherland, Michael D.
2020-11-20
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Navy Ship Names: Background for Congress [Updated November 20, 2020]
From the Summary: "Names for Navy ships traditionally have been chosen and announced by the Secretary of the Navy, under the direction of the President and in accordance with rules prescribed by Congress. Rules for giving certain types of names to certain types of Navy ships have evolved over time. There have been exceptions to the Navy's ship-naming rules, particularly for the purpose of naming a ship for a person when the rule for that type of ship would have called for it to be named for something else. Some observers have perceived a breakdown in, or corruption of, the rules for naming Navy ships."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2020-11-20
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Agricultural Provisions of the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement [Updated November 20, 2020]
From the Introduction: "The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), a comprehensive trade agreement among the three countries, entered into force on July 1, 2020. USMCA replaced the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which had been in effect since 1994 (P.L. 103-182). USMCA continues the liberalization of agricultural trade within North America, which has been under way for more than three decades. It also addresses a number of trade-related issues that NAFTA did not consider. This report provides a brief history of agricultural trade agreements within North America, explores the changes made in the USMCA, and considers how the new agreement is likely to affect the flow of trade in agricultural commodities and food products."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Regmi, Anita
2020-11-20
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Air Force Tanker Strategy Changes [November 20, 2020]
From the Document: "[T]he Air Force is in the process of replacing its fleet of 396 KC-135 Stratotanker refueling aircraft, built in the 1950s and 60s, and 59 KC-10 Extenders, which entered service in 1981. Recent announcements indicate that the planned replacement program is changing significantly from its original form, which Congress may consider in evaluating the FY2022 defense budget requests. The Air Force originally envisaged replacing the current tanker fleet in three stages. [1] An initial acquisition of 179 new aircraft procured through the KC-X competition (won by the Boeing KC-46A) would replace roughly one-third of the KC-135 fleet. [2] A further 179 tankers were projected to be procured in a second solicitation called KC-Y; initially projected as a new competition based on what aircraft were available at the time, it was subsequently recast as a continuation of KC-46A procurement. [3] A third program, KC-Z, was to be a replacement for the KC-10 fleet, a larger tanker than the KC-46. Subsequently, the Air Force dropped plans for the KC-Z, envisioning it instead as a third tranche of KC-46s."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Gertler, Jeremiah
2020-11-20
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Selected Authorities to Obtain DOD Personal Property [November 20, 2020]
From the Document: "Recent controversy in the United States over policing methods has focused attention on transfers of military equipment to police forces nationwide. Under certain circumstances, eligible federal, state, and local agencies may obtain Department of Defense (DOD) 'personal property' (e.g., equipment, clothing, vehicles, aircraft, weapons, ammunition) for use in law enforcement, counterdrug, counterterrorism, border security, and/or humanitarian activities. This In Focus describes statutory authorities that give these agencies the ability to obtain, either temporarily or permanently, DOD personal property."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Plagakis, Sofia; Blum, David A.; Mann, Christopher T.
2020-11-20
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Continuity of Essential Health Services: Facility Assessment Tool
From the Introduction: "The 'Continuity of essential health services: Facility Assessment Tool' can be used by countries to rapidly assess the capacity of health facilities to maintain the provision of essential health services during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. It can help to alert the authorities and other stakeholders about where service delivery and utilization may require modification and/or investment. The tool collects information on health workforce capacities, financial management of the facility, changes in health service delivery and utilization, infection prevention and control (IPC) capacities and COVID-19 primary care services. It also includes optional sections on therapeutics, diagnostics, vaccine readiness and infrastructure. The tool can be used in multiple types of health facilities. It can be used once to provide a rapid snapshot of current service capacity, or on a regular basis for tracking and monitoring the continuity of essential health services during the different phases of the pandemic. This assessment tool is informed by relevant WHO [World Health Organization] tools and guidance on the continuity of essential health services and readiness planning for COVID-19."
World Health Organization
2020-11-20
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 3591, America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2020 [Revised November 20, 2020]
This is the revised Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate as reported by the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works on May 11, 2020. From the Bill Summary: "S. 3591 would authorize the Army Corps of Engineers to construct projects to restore aquatic ecosystems, improve navigation and flood management, and mitigate storm and hurricane damage. The bill also would authorize the Corps to renegotiate the terms of deferred-payment agreements with nonfederal sponsors of eligible projects. Finally, the bill would authorize appropriations for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to provide grants and loans to state and local governments, public water systems, nonprofit organizations, and other entities to support various water infrastructure projects and programs to improve water quality."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2020-11-20
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 2117, Food Allergy Safety, Treatment, Education, and Research Act of 2020
This is the Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate as passed by the House of Representatives on November 17, 2020. From the Document: "H.R. 2117 would authorize the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to carry out a number of activities related to identifying and tracking food allergens. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates implementing this act would cost $18 million over the 2021-2015 period; such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2020-11-20
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Global Food Security: Information on Spending and Types of Assistance Provided by the United States and Other Donors
From the Document: "In 2020, the United Nations (UN) reported that nearly 690 million people in the world were undernourished. According to this reporting, the number of undernourished people has increased by 60 million since 2014. Stunting--a condition where children are too short for their age due to poor nutrition in-utero and in early childhood--affected more than 140 million children under the age of 5 around the world in 2019. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is expected to worsen food insecurity levels around the world. In April 2020, the International Food Policy Research Institute estimated that, absent interventions, more than 140 million additional people around the world could fall into extreme poverty in 2020, which would exacerbate global food insecurity. UN projections indicate that 83 million to 132 million people could become undernourished in 2020 as a result of the pandemic. The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) has reported that COVID-19's effects on emerging economies could increase emergency food assistance needs by 25 percent. [...] This report examines the amount and types of food security assistance that the United States and other donors have provided globally from 2014 through 2018."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-11-19
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Defense Primer: Naval Forces [Updated November 19, 2020]
From the Document: "U.S. naval forces give the United States the ability to convert the world's oceans--a global commons that covers more than two-thirds of the planet's surface--into a medium of maneuver and operations for projecting U.S. power ashore and otherwise defending U.S. interests around the world. The ability to use the world's oceans in this manner--and to deny other countries the use of the world's oceans for taking actions against U.S. interests--constitutes an immense asymmetric advantage for the United States."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2020-11-19
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Mexican Drug Trafficking and Cartel Operations Amid COVID-19 [November 19, 2020]
From the Document: "Mexico is a primary foreign producer and transit country for illicit drugs destined for the United States. Policymakers, including many in Congress, have been closely watching how the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected drug flow patterns out of Mexico, including the flow of potent opioids and other illicit drugs. Any changes could affect the extent to which Mexico-based transnational criminal organizations, popularly described as 'cartels', pose a threat to U.S. national security. To date, U.S.-bound illicit drug supplies have persisted, despite early supply chain disruptions."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Beittel, June S.; Rosen, Liana W.
2020-11-19
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U.S. Special Operations Forces (SOF): Background and Issues for Congress Updated [November 19, 2020]
From the Overview: "Special operations are military operations requiring unique modes of employment, tactical techniques, equipment, and training. These operations are often conducted in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments and are characterized by one or more of the following elements: time sensitive, clandestine, low visibility, conducted with and/or through indigenous forces, requiring regional expertise, and/or a high degree of risk. Special Operations Forces (SOF) are those active and reserve component forces of the services designated by the Secretary of Defense and specifically organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and support special operations. The U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM), headquartered at MacDill Air Force Base in Tampa, FL, is a functional combatant command responsible for training, doctrine, and equipping for all U.S. SOF units."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Feickert, Andrew
2020-11-19
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COVID-19: Government Resources for Real-Time Economic Indicators [Updated November 19, 2020]
From the Document: "This CRS [Congressional Research Service] Insight presents select real-time economic indicators that attempt to measure the impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the U.S. economy. Created by select federal government agencies, these new or unique indicators attempt to measure the demographic, social, and economic impacts of COVID-19 in real-time, or on a weekly or monthly basis, rather than quarterly or annually."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Jennings, Julie; Weinstock, Lida R.
2020-11-19
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USDA's Coronavirus Food Assistance Program: Round One (CFAP-1) [Updated November 19, 2020]
From the Document: "On April 17, 2020, Secretary of Agriculture Sonny Perdue announced that the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) would initiate what would be the first round of the Coronavirus Food Assistance Program (CFAP-1), valued at $19 billion, to provide immediate financial relief to farmers, ranchers, and consumers in response to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] national emergency. [...] This report describes the details of the direct payment component of the CFAP-1 initiative. It describes how this program is funded and administered, including specific details on the calculation and implementation of payments. It includes the program changes made by USDA through a series eight subsequent amendments and corrections to CFAP-1 that expanded program eligibility to additional commodities, updated payment rates, and added clarity to program definitions."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Schnepf, Randall Dean, 1954-
2020-11-19
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Global Economic Effects of COVID-19 [Updated November 19, 2020]
From the Summary: "In the months since the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] outbreak was first diagnosed, it has spread to over 200 countries and all U.S. states. The pandemic has negatively affected global economic growth beyond anything experienced in nearly a century. Estimates so far indicate the virus could reduce global economic growth to an annualized rate of -4.5% to -6.0% in 2020. [...] The economic fallout from the pandemic could also risk continued labor dislocations as a result of lingering high levels of unemployment not experienced since the Great Depression of the 1930s and high levels of debt among developing economies. The human costs in terms of lives lost will permanently affect global economic growth in addition to the cost of rising levels of poverty, lives upended, careers derailed, and increased social unrest. Some estimates indicate that 100 million to 110 million people globally could enter extreme poverty as a result of the contraction in the global economy. Global trade could fall by an annual amount of 9.2%, depending on the depth and extent of the global economic downturn, exacting an especially heavy economic toll on trade-dependent developing and emerging economies. The full impact will not be known until the effects of the pandemic peak. This report provides an overview of the global economic costs to date and the response by governments and international institutions to address these effects."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Jackson, James K., 1949-; Weiss, Martin A.; Schwarzenberg, Andres B. . . .
2020-11-19
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Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership: Status and Recent Developments [Updated November 19, 2020]
From the Document: "The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is a regional trade agreement between the ten members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and five of their individual FTA [free trade agreement] partners--Australia, China, Japan, New Zealand, and South Korea. After eight years of challenging talks, the agreement was signed on November 15, 2020, at the 4th RCEP Summit, hosted by Vietnam. Many viewed RCEP's signing as an achievement for the multilateral trading system, which faces myriad challenges, including a global economic slowdown and rising protectionism and trade disputes. It also follows the recent entry into force of 'mega-regional' trade deals, including the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP or TPP-11), which includes seven RCEP members [...]. Although RCEP is generally less comprehensive than other agreements, including TPP-11, its members constitute approximately 30% of global trade and GDP, giving it the potential to restructure some trade patterns and supply chains in Asia through lower trade costs and streamlined rules. As RCEP enters into force, Congress might consider how U.S. commercial interests could be affected by an agreement that allows firms from other developed economies to make supply chains more efficient, as well as the impact of the perceived diminishing U.S. role in shaping trade rules and economic integration in the region and globally."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Cimino-Isaacs, Cathleen D.; Sutherland, Michael D.
2020-11-19
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Are Temporary Protected Status Recipients Eligible to Adjust Status? [November 19, 2020]
From the Document: "Certain non-U.S. nationals (aliens) who lack a permanent foothold in the United States may pursue adjustment of status and become lawful permanent residents (LPRs). To qualify, an alien must satisfy certain requirements, generally including having been 'inspected and admitted or paroled' into the United States by immigration authorities. In recent years, some federal courts have addressed whether aliens who unlawfully entered the United States but later received Temporary Protected Status (TPS) are considered to be 'inspected and admitted' into the United States. Reviewing courts have split on this issue. That said, even if an alien's acquisition of TPS is treated as being 'inspected and admitted' into the country, that alone does not provide a pathway to adjustment of status. An alien who was unlawfully present in the United States before receiving TPS would have to meet other requirements, such as being the beneficiary of an immigrant visa petition filed by a U.S. citizen spouse. This Legal Sidebar provides a brief overview of the adjustment of status framework and TPS, before examining the conflicting jurisprudence on TPS recipients' eligibility for adjustment, the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS's) guidance regarding the adjudication of adjustment applications filed by TPS recipients, and recent legislative proposals."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Smith, Hillel R.
2020-11-19
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EMR-ISAC: InfoGram, Volume 20 Issue 47, November 19, 2020
The Emergency Management and Response Information Sharing and Analysis Center's (EMR-ISAC) InfoGram is a weekly publication of information concerning the protection of critical infrastructures relevant to members of the Emergency Services Sector. This issue includes the following articles: "National Consortium on Preventing Law Enforcement Suicide Final Report"; "START [National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism] studying pandemic response impact to first responders"; "Disasters and Religion app helps emergency managers"; "Virtual Tabletop Exercise program FY2021 schedule"; "Cyber Webinar: Understanding Open Source Anonymizing Tools"; "Zoom adds tools to block, report people disrupting your meetings"; and "Flood sensors drive predictive city management in North Carolina."
Emergency Management and Response-Information Sharing and Analysis Center (U.S.)
2020-11-19
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Caribbean Basin Security Initiative [Updated November 19, 2020]
From the Document: "The United States developed the Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI), a regional U.S. foreign assistance program, in 2009 through a process of dialogue with Caribbean countries. The initiative seeks to reduce illicit trafficking in the region, advance public safety and security, and promote social justice. Because of their geographic location, many Caribbean nations are vulnerable to being used as transit countries for illicit drugs from South America destined for the U.S. and European markets. Strengthened U.S. counternarcotics cooperation with Mexico and Central America--through the Mérida Initiative and the Central America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI)--led U.S. policymakers to anticipate a potential increase in narcotics trafficking through the Caribbean. Many Caribbean countries have also suffered high rates of violent crime, including murder, often associated with drug trafficking activities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sullivan, Mark P.
2020-11-19
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Federal Telework: Key Practices That Can Help Ensure the Success of Telework Programs, Statement of Michelle B. Rosenberg, Acting Director, Strategic Issues, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Regulatory Affairs and Federal Management, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate
From the Highlights: "Telework offers benefits to federal agencies as well as to the federal workforce. These include improving recruitment and retention of employees, reducing the need for costly office space, and an opportunity to better balance work and family demands. In addition, telework is a tool that agencies can use to help accomplish their missions during periods of disruption, including during the current COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. Congress has encouraged federal agencies to expand staff participation in telework, most recently by passing the Telework Enhancement Act of 2010 (the act). The act established requirements for executive agencies' telework policies and programs, among other things. This statement provides key practices to help ensure the success of telework programs. The statement is based on GAO's [Government Accountability Office] body of work on federal telework issued from July 2003 through February 2017."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-11-18
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Military Personnel: Perspectives on DOD's and the Military Services' Use of Borrowed Military Personnel
From the Document: "The House Armed Services Committee has questioned whether the Department of Defense (DOD) continues to divert servicemembers from their unit assignments to perform nonmilitary functions that could be performed by civilian employees. In 2015, we reported that the Army did not know the extent to which it used borrowed military personnel, and we recommended that the Army establish a requirement to collect, track, and report data on the use of borrowed military personnel and provide guidance to ensure that data collected are complete and accurate. Although the Army concurred with our recommendation at that time, Army officials also stated that it would be unreasonable to require the Army to undertake such a tracking requirement, since the Army policy states that it is acceptable to use soldiers for training missions or for temporary functions. In addition, in August 2020 Army officials stated that Army policy, to be updated by December 2020, will further restrict the use of borrowed military personnel. House Report 116-120, accompanying a bill for the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020, included a provision for us to assess the levels and impacts of borrowed military personnel. This report examines DOD's and the military services' policies on the use of borrowed military personnel, the tracking and reporting of their use of borrowed military personnel, and any impacts of that use on readiness."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-11-18
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 7163, VA FOIA Reform Act of 2020
This is the Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Veterans' Affairs on September 17, 2020. From the Document: "H.R. 7163 would require the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to develop a plan to respond to Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests within timelines required by current law. VA would be required to meet those timeliness standards within five years of the bill's enactment. In that plan, which would be due within 180 days of the bill's enactment, VA must describe the technology and process improvements needed to improve response times. VA also would be required to report annually on its progress in implementing the plan and complying with FOIA response timelines."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2020-11-18
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Navy Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated November 18, 2020]
From the Introduction: "This report provides background information and issues for Congress on the Aegis ballistic missile defense (BMD) program, a program carried out by the Missile Defense Agency (MDA) and the Navy that gives Navy Aegis cruisers and destroyers a capability for conducting BMD operations. The issue for Congress is whether to approve, reject, or modify Department of Defense (DOD) acquisition strategies and proposed funding levels for the Aegis BMD program. Congress's decisions on the Aegis BMD program could significantly affect U.S. BMD capabilities and funding requirements, and the BMD-related industrial base."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2020-11-18
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Defense Primer: Senior Reserve Officer Training Corps [Updated November 18, 2020]
From the Background: "The Senior Reserve Officer Training Corps (SROTC)-- more commonly referred to as the Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC)--is an officer training and scholarship program for postsecondary students authorized under Chapter 103 of Title 10 of the United States Code. By enrolling in ROTC, students can pursue an undergraduate degree while also training to become U.S. military officers. The military departments -- Army, Air Force, and Navy -- manage their own ROTC programs, which are hosted at civilian universities and colleges. The Navy ROTC program includes a Marine Corps option and the Air Force program allows for commissions to the Space Force. The Coast Guard, part of the Department of Homeland Security, does not have an ROTC program, but does offer a College Student Pre-Commissioning Initiative (CSPI) that awards scholarships to students at minority-serving institutions and placement in the Coast Guard Officer Candidate School. The military departments provide scholarships and other forms of financial assistance to participating students. In return, students commit to accept an appointment as an officer in the U.S. military upon graduation."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kamarck, Kristy N.
2020-11-18
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Iran Sanctions [Updated November 18, 2020]
From the Overview: "Sanctions have been a significant component of U.S. Iran policy since Iran's 1979 Islamic Revolution that toppled the Shah of Iran, a U.S. ally. In the 1980s and 1990s, U.S. sanctions were intended to try to compel Iran to cease supporting acts of terrorism and to limit Iran's strategic power in the Middle East more generally. After the mid-2000s, U.S. and international sanctions focused largely on trying to persuade Iran to agree to limits to its nuclear program. Still, sanctions have had multiple objectives and sought to address multiple threats from Iran simultaneously. This report analyzes U.S. and international sanctions against Iran. CRS cannot independently corroborate whether any individual or other entity might be in violation of U.S. or international sanctions against Iran. The report tracks implementation of the various U.S. laws and executive orders, some of which require the blocking of U.S.-based property of sanctioned entities. No information has been released from the executive branch indicating the extent, if any, to which any such property is currently blocked."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Katzman, Kenneth
2020-11-18
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Artemis: NASA's Program to Return Humans to the Moon [Updated November 18, 2020]
From the Document: "Between 1969 and 1972, the Apollo program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) landed 12 American men on the Moon and returned them safely to Earth [...]. Since then, no human has been farther from Earth than low-Earth orbit, a few hundred miles up; the distance to the Moon is about 240,000 miles. Artemis, named for Apollo's twin sister in ancient Greek mythology, is NASA's program for a return to the Moon by American astronauts--one of them a woman--in 2024."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Morgan, Daniel (Daniel L.)
2020-11-18
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Overview of Recent Anti-Lynching Proposals [Updated November 18, 2020]
"Following the death of George Floyd in police custody in May and the fatal February shooting of Ahmaud Arbery, interest has heightened in legislation that would criminalize lynching--often described as death or bodily injury caused by two or more individuals acting without legal authority. A number of states have enacted anti-lynching laws, as localized crimes like murder tend to be a subject of state, rather than federal law. Although the conduct criminalized under those state laws can implicate various federal laws such as 18 U.S.C. §§ 241, 242, there is no federal law expressly governing lynching notwithstanding decades of legislative proposals on that front. In June, Members introduced two police reform bills--the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2020 (Justice in Policing Act) and the Just and Unifying Solutions To Invigorate Communities Everywhere Act of 2020 (JUSTICE Act)--both of which originally included 'substantively identical' sections described as anti-lynching provisions. The anti-lynching provision was later removed from the version of the Justice in Policing Act that passed the House."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Berris, Peter G.
2020-11-18
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Reflecting Pool Podcast: Transnational Crime and Malicious AI [audio]
From the Website: "Criminals are often early adopters of new technology and artificial intelligence is no different. Kevin Peters (Masters 1705/6), Chief for the National Threat Evaluation and Reporting (NTER) Program in the Office of Intelligence & Analysis at DHS [United States Department of Homeland Security] takes a close look at how transnational criminal organizations and cybercriminals may leverage developing AI [artificial intelligence] technology to conduct more sophisticated criminal activities and evade detection. He uses a future-scenario methodology to identify how this technology can be used and what steps the homeland security enterprise should take to prepare." The duration of the audio is 19 minutes and 39 seconds.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Karimi, Bijan P.
2020-11-18
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MMWR Early Release: Implementation of a Pooled Surveillance Testing Program for Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections on a College Campus -- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, August 2-October 11, 2020
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This early release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Implementation of a Pooled Surveillance Testing Program for Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] Infections on a College Campus -- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, August 2-October 11, 2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2020.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-11-17
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 3896, PLUM Act of 2020
This is the Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs on July 22, 2020. From the Document: "S. 3896 would require the Office of Personnel Management to maintain a website for 'United States Government Policy and Supporting Positions', a directory of certain government positions and government policies often referred to as the Plum Book. The volume is now published every four years, alternately by the House Committee on Oversight and Reform and the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. The Government Publishing Office currently maintains the online version of the Plum Book. The bill would also discontinue the print version of the Plum Book in 2024. Finally, the bill would require the volume to be updated every two years and would direct the Government Accountability Office to report on the accuracy of information on the website."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2020-11-17
