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Defense White Papers in the Americas: A Comparative Analysis
In preparation for the October 2000 Defense Ministerial of the Americas (DMA) in Manaus Brazil and at the request of the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) studied the global trend toward the creation of Defense White Papers. The study aimed to understand the nature of these documents in order to prepare the U.S. delegation to discuss the tendency in Latin America and the Caribbean during the DMA. The INSS study team found no agreement about what constitutes a 'white paper' other than each is a consensus statement on a topic. The team examined 15 defense documents worldwide and interviewed participants in the development process and independent analysts. The results suggest that the formative, often difficult, process through which governments must move to solidify their approach to national security defense policy, and the structure to implement it and build consensus for it is the essential part of a 'white paper,' providing a constructive experience that benefits the country. Governments tended not to want a template for this process, although at the working level there is some interest in the experience of other states. Defense White Papers become highly stylized nationalistic documents that reflect a state's unique domestic circumstances and international geopolitical situation. The attached chart provides an overview comparison of the Defense White Paper processes of Canada, the United States, Argentina, Brazil, Chile and South Africa. Past efforts by U.S. agencies to design templates have
National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies
Cope, John A.; Denny, Laura L.
2002
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Supporting Our Troops Abroad and Increasing Safety at Home: Today's Presidential Action
This is a press release from the White House regarding President George W. Bush's submittal of a wartime budget to Congress. Supplies background on the proposal and justifies allocation of funds.
United States. White House Office
2003-03-25
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Jihadi Groups, Nuclear Pakistan, and the New Great Game
For the United States and other nations concerned with security in South and Central Asia, one of the most ominous trends has been the growing influence of Jihadist groups in Pakistan which feel obligated to wage holy war against everything that they perceive as non-Islamic. Their objective would be a Pakistani government similar to the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. The danger this would pose to regional stability and U.S. interests is clear. The author assesses Jihadi groups from the framework of a new "Great Game" for influence in Central Asia involving an array of states. He argues that, if this competition leads to increased violence, outside states including the United States could be drawn in. On the other hand, if the region stabilizes, it could provide solid economic and political partners for the United States. A well-designed American strategy, Ahrari contends, might help avoid crises or catastrophe.
Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
Ahrari, Mohammed E.
2001-08
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China's Defense Modernization: Aspirations and Capabilities
Assessing Beijing's defense modernization programs in the midst of increasing apprehension over the growth of China's military power is a daunting task. During the Cold War, despite some concern over the long-term implications for the United States, assessments were viewed through the prism of China's role in containing the Soviet Union. Improvements in Beijing's military power were seen as serving U.S. interests by requiring Moscow to divert resources from the possible confrontation with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) alliance. By the mid-1990s, this perspective had shifted. Many observers perceived Beijing's confrontation with Taiwan and its aggressive, nationalistic approaches to territorial claims in the South China Sea as indicators of the belligerent policies China will pursue as economic enrichment and improvements in indigenous science and technology capabilities enhance its military power. Swelling defense budgets and military technology links with Russia, Israel, and Europe are viewed as giving China the potential to destabilize East Asia and challenge U.S. military preeminence. Analysts are divided by two factors in regards to the progress in defense modernization. The two factors are the changed perspective from which China's defense modernization is now viewed, and the differing estimates of the speed with which China can develop and produce weapons and technologies associated with the revolution in military affairs (RMA). The purpose of this essay is not to resolve these differences or bridge this divide. Rather, the differences will be identified to underscore the difficulties in assessing the progress China has made in two decades of defense modernization.
National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies
Godwin, Paul H. B.
2001
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Balancing U.S. Alliance and Chinese Cooperation: Korea's Emerging Security Challenge
Despite the beginning of the new millennium, some fundamental policy dilemmas in U.S. relations with China and Japan remain unsettled and have implications for Korean security. One of the principal foreign policy challenges for the United States during the 1990s has been how to give China implicit recognition for its rising status and influence and assuage its deep-seated suspicions that America's post-Cold War alliance with Japan was targeted at it, while at the same time offering Japan security commitments and credibility and strengthening the U.S.-Japan alliance.
National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies
Kim, Taeho, 1960-
2001
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China's National Insecurity: Old Challenges at the Dawn of the New Millennium
Foreigners and the Chinese themselves typically picture China's population as a vast monolithic Han majority, with a sprinkling of exotic minorities living along the country's borders. This understates China's tremendous cultural, geographic, and linguistic diversity -- in particular, the important cultural differences within the Han population. It also ignores the fact that China is officially a multinational country, with 56 recognized "nationalities." More important, recent events suggest that China may well be increasingly insecure regarding not only these official nationalities, but also national integration. China is seeing a resurgence of pride in local nationality and culture, most notably among southerners such as the Cantonese and Hakka. Chinese society is also under pressure from the officially recognized minorities, such as the Uyghurs and Tibetans. Cultural and linguistic cleavages could worsen in a China that is weakened by internal strife, inflation, uneven growth, or a post-Jiang struggle for succession. At the National Day celebrations in October 1999, commemorating 50 years of Communist Party rule, frequent calls for "National Unity" underscored the importance China's many ethnic populations will play in its national resurgence.
National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies
Gladney, Dru C.
2001
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Southeast Asian Security: A Regional Perspective
For Southeast Asia, as for the West, the end of the Cold War was a seminal event. The region had been a major Cold War battleground. Communism was a clear and present danger to the survival of regimes and, in the case of Cambodia, to the very existence of a people and culture. Marxism left its mark in the three wars and failed economies of Indochina; in the mid-1960s upheaval in Indonesia; as a contribution to societal disruption in Burma, Malaya, and the Philippines; and, even to a degree, in the militarization of some Southeast Asian polities. The collapse of Soviet power meant the withdrawal of the Russian Pacific Fleet back to port and the end of subventions to the Vietnamese economy. In 1989, the Vietnamese army ended its occupation of Cambodia. In the Philippines, the communist New People's Army began to ebb. The Khmer Rouge became politically isolated and ineffective in the early-1990s. Thus, for the first time, the Southeast Asian countries faced no major security threats from within or without the region.
National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies
Ott, Marvin C.
2001
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Regulatory Landscape Overview of the Impacts of Regulatory Agency Practices on Critical Infrastructure Protection
The purpose of this study is to provide an understanding of the relationship between protection of critical infrastructure and the regulatory environment in which the infrastructure operates. This understanding will allow policy makers to target key areas in the search for solutions to the problem of assuring protection of our nation's critical infrastructures.
United States. Critical Infrastructure Assurance Office
1997
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Privacy Laws and the Employer-Employee Relationship: A 'Legal Foundations Study': Report 9 of 12: Report to the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection
"This paper examines what the Federal government should do, if anything, to ensure that appropriate legal means exist by which governments and the private sector can collect, retain and disseminate data or information integral to achieving infrastructure assurance objectives while respecting fundamental privacy concerns of individuals and the interests of state legislatures in protecting citizens' privacy. The paper explores the possibility of making available to owners and operators, for use in filling certain sensitive positions within the critical infrastructures, some of the techniques and methods currently used by the Federal government to screen employees for employment in certain sensitive positions."
United States. President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection
1997
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Proliferation and Nonproliferation in Ukraine: Implications for European and U.S. Security
Limiting nuclear proliferation is a vital goal of U.S. security policy. With this in mind, the Strategic Studies Institute cosponsored a conference at the University of Pittsburgh on March 16-17, 1994 to deal with the issues involved in achieving this objective. An additional U.S. objective is the stabilization of relationships among the members of the Commonwealth of Independent States. These two issues come together in Ukraine which, upon achieving independence, found itself in possession of nuclear missiles that were positioned in the former Soviet Union and on Ukraine's territory. Ukraine was reluctant to relinquish control of them for security reasons. This monograph, presented at the conference, seeks to explain why Ukraine originally sought to retain the weapons and then, in 1994, agreed to dismantle them in return for compensation and the very limited security guarantees that exist under the 1968 Non-Proliferation Treaty. The author also examines the nature of Russia's threat to Ukraine and the implications of the new agreement for U.S. policy vis-a-vis Ukraine and Russia.
Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
Blank, Stephen, 1950-
1994-07-01
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Terrorism and CERT: Glossary
Nine page glossary of terms related to terrorism, relevant to Community Emergency Response Training (CERT) training modules.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
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CERT Terrorism Training Power Point Visuals
Power point visuals to accompany Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) Terrorism training manual.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
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Federal Response Plan Interim (9230.1-PL) January 2003
The Federal Response Plan (FRP) outlines how the Federal Government implements the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, as amended, to assist State and local governments when a major disaster or emergency overwhelms their ability to respond effectively to save lives; protect public health, safety, and property; and restore their communities. The FRP describes the policies, planning assumptions, concept of operations, response and recovery actions, and responsibilities of 25 Federal departments and agencies and the American Red Cross, that guide Federal operations following a Presidential declaration of a major disaster or emergency. The fundamental assumption is that recovery is a cooperative effort among Federal, State, local, and voluntary agencies and the private sector in partnership. This interim edition of the FRP reflects the passage of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 and the establishment of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). This replaces the previous issuance of the FRP in April 1999. It is intended for use pending a thorough review and update by DHS, at which time a new edition of the FRP will be issued.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2003-01
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Espionage Against the United States by American Citizens: 1947-2001
"PERSEREC developed an unclassified database of Americans involved in espionage against the United States since 1945, and in 1992 published a report on it entitled Americans Who Spied Against Their Country Since World War II. The goal of the original project was to analyze the cases in terms of themes and trends that would further our understanding of the phenomenon of espionage. Since 1992, further instances of espionage by American citizens have come to light, and we have continued to enter them into an espionage database. An updated analysis incorporating recent cases seemed useful. In this update we redefined the parameter of the database and of the report to include only Cold War cases, and we created a separate database with cases from the era of World War II. […] This unclassified study, like its predecessor in 1992, deals with individuals whose names and cases surfaced in open source materials. It is impossible to know how many more spies have been identified but whose cases remain classified, how many were identified but not prosecuted (often to prevent the release of information in open court), how many spied in the past and were not identified, or how many are spying at present and remain unidentified. Unfortunately for the student of espionage, government records include more cases of espionage than are described here, but access to these is classified and restricted to the relatively small, cleared community. This database represents the information that is publicly available; it is an open source subset of the larger universe of all espionage committed by American citizens."
Defense Personnel Security Research Center (U.S.)
Herbig, Katherine L. (Katherine Lydigsen); Wiskoff, Martin F.
2002-07
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Getting to Know the President: CIA Breifings of Presidential Candidates: 1952-1992
This document will recount in unclassified form the circumstances under which the Agency established its relationships with successive presidents and to discuss, in general terms, the subjects about which they were briefed. An important issue to be faced by the Agency during each transition concerns how much information derived from sensitive human sources and technical collection efforts and regarding covert action programs should be included in the material given a president-elect, and when. Presidents in office are always informed of such programs, and careful attention is given to the timing, level of detail, and content of the presentation. And finally, concerning the substance of the support provided, there have been dramatic variations in the amount of tailored assistance the Agency has provided presidents-elect to prepare them for pre-inaugural planning and policy deliberations, speeches and press conferences, and, in particular, their meetings and communications with foreign statesmen.
Center for the Study of Intelligence (U.S.)
Helgerson, John L., 1944-
2003?
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Sherman Kent and the Board of National Estimates: Collected Essays
Because of Sherman Kent's importance in the development of the American intelligence profession, the CIA History Staff is publishing this selection of his recently declassified writings on the occasion of the Conference on Estimating Soviet Military Power, 1950--1984, which Harvard University's Charles Warren Center for Studies in American History and the CIA's Center for the Study of Intelligence are cosponsoring in Cambridge in December 1994. After he retired as chairman of the Board of National Estimates at the end of 1967, Sherman Kent wrote a number of monographs on intelligence topics for the CIA History Staff. In recent years most of those that he published later in the CIA's classified quarterly journal, "Studies in Intelligence", have been declassified and made available to the public at the National Archives. Two of these works, however, are declassified and published for the first time in this volume. Kent left a single sealed typescript copy of his 1970 personal memoir, "The First Year of the Office of National Estimates: The Directorship of William L. Langer," for access only by permission of the author or the Chief or Deputy Chief of the History Staff. Those who read this essay--which Kent noted was "composed from memory 20 years after the fact"--will understand why he sequestered these unbuttoned comments on his Board of Estimates colleagues during his lifetime. The other previously classified and unpublished work is this volume's centerpiece, "The Law and Custom of the National Intelligence Estimate."
Center for the Study of Intelligence (U.S.)
2003
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Arming Flight Crews Against Terrorist Acts: Hearing before the Aviation Subcommittee, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, United States House of Representatives One Hundred Seventh Congress, Second Session, May 2, 2002
The purpose of this hearing is to discuss issues associated with providing firearms and/or less-than-lethal weapons to flight crews for the purpose of defending aircraft against terrorist acts. Under section 126 of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act (P.L. 107-71), the Secretary of Transportation, with the approval of the Attorney General and the Secretary of State, may authorize members of a flight crew to carry less-than-lethal weapons in the interest of avoiding air piracy. TASERs have not been cleared for use on commercial aircraft. However, United Airlines has purchased several hundred M-26 TASER guns and intends to install them in lockboxes in the cockpits of all their planes. Several issues require more attention before TASERs can be approved for use on an aircraft in flight. Under section 128 of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act (P.L. 107-71), a pilot of a commercial air carrier may carry an approved firearm while operating an aircraft if he receives approval from the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security and his employer, and he has received proper training. The Transportation Security Administration has begun discussions on this issue with pilots groups, airlines and other interested parties; however, to date, no pilot has received approval to carry a firearm. Statements include those of Sarah V. Hart, Stephen A. Luckey, and Hank Krakowski.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure
2002-05-02
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Aviation Security: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Aviation of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, United States House of Representatives One Hundred Seventh Congress, Second Session, July 23, 2002
The purpose of this hearing is to examine the current status of TSA's effort to improve aviation security. Issues discussed include the following: Checked baggage screening deadline; Federalization of the screener workforce; Screener competence; TSA workforce; Aviation experience of TSA workforce; TSA arrogance; TSA pay scales; TSA research; Guns in the cockpit; Non-Lethal Weapons; Profiling; Trusted traveler program; Cargo security; Airport workers; Perimeter security; Private charters; General Aviation; Reagan National Airport; and Covered airports. Statements include those of Norman Y. Mineta, and Alexis Stefani.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure
2002
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Airport Security: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Aviation of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, United States House of Representatives One Hundred Seventh Congress, Second Session, September 17, 2002
The purpose of this hearing is to examine the current status of efforts to improve airport security. Major issues include: Deadline for hiring a Federal screener workforce; Deadline for screening all checked baggage with explosive detection systems; and Complaints about the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) hiring practices. Other issues that may arise are those relating to airport and airline security and implementing the provisions of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act, including the Trusted Traveler Program, arming pilots, cargo security, general aviation security and TSA budgetary issues. Statements include those of Stephen J. McHale and C.W. "Bill" Jennings.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure
2002
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War Winning: Paradigms and Visions for High-End Warfare
This paper looks at how the U. S. military needs to change its perspectives on high-intensity/high-end warfighting commonly referred to as major theater war (MTW). It focuses on that part of the military operational spectrum where significant conventional forces are committed in violent warfare--such as large, force on force conventional confrontations. Yet since the Gulf War, history continues to repeatedly demonstrate that the conduct of modern conventional warfare is not solely constrained to classic, canonical MTW constructs alone. In fact, future MTWs may not be confined to a Southwest Asia (Iraq) or Northeast Asia (North Korea) scenario. To understand how to fight and win future wars, this work first reviews the current MTW paradigm, with respect to the history of warfare, current warplans, and joint doctrine. It then summarizes and compares future Joint and Service Visions, in an attempt to gain insight on where the military views its future path. Given that foundation, a new definition for major theater war is proposed, along with an analysis of significant influences on its future character--specifically coalitions and alliances, access, and American casualty tolerance. Using the new, broader definition for an MTW, the work frames three possible MTW archetypal scenarios for consideration. Finally, it concludes with outlining concepts and critical enabling capabilities to fight and win the future high-intensity/high-end warfight. It is hoped this work serves as a source for the Joint Staff, Warfighting CINCs, Services, and new Administration in their efforts during the upcoming Quadrennial Defense Review--which is aimed at determining how the United States should structure its military forces for the future.
National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies
Ruhlman, Philip M.
2001-05-31
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Sharing Secrets With Lawmakers: Congress as a User of Intelligence: An Intelligence Monograph
Part I of this study describes in general terms how intelligence-sharing with Congress has developed since 1947. It does not try to analyze every significant interaction during this period, but rather seeks to identify the features that have characterized the relationship over time and to examine key milestones. It is not intended as an analysis of how Congress performed oversight of intelligence activities (including covert actions) during this period, although, as a practical matter, Congress's access to substantive intelligence has to a large degree been a function of its attitude toward oversight. Part II contrasts Congress as a user of intelligence with consumers in the executive branch. Part III describes how intelligence-sharing with Congress is carried out today. Part IV assesses the effects of intelligence-sharing on the work of the legislative and executive branches--including the work of the Intelligence Community itself. Part V discusses difficulties in the relationship for the Intelligence Community, for the rest of the executive branch, and for Congress itself. Part VI contains the author's conclusions and recommendations as to how the relationship between the Intelligence Community and Congress might be made less contentious and more predictable and, at the same time; better satisfy the needs of both branches.
Center for the Study of Intelligence (U.S.)
Snider, L. Britt
2003
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Our First Line of Defense: ('Presidential Reflections on US Intelligence')
This document presents an overview of presidential reflections on United States Intelligence beginning with George Washington and continuing through William J. Clinton. Selected Presidential statements dealing with US intelligence activities have been extracted for presentation in this pamphlet. Although the statements of George Washington were written while he was the commanding general during the American Revolution, they are significant enough to warrant inclusion here. Major wars marked the terms of both Presidents Lincoln and Wilson, but neither appears to have addressed intelligence. President Wilson limited his comments to the presence of German spies in the United States.
Center for the Study of Intelligence (U.S.)
2003
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Food Safety: Continued Vigilance Needed to Ensure Safety of School Meals
This is the testimonial statement of Lawrence J. Dyckman, Director, Natural Resources and Environment before the Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management, Restructuring and the District of Columbia, Committee on Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate, and the Subcommittee on Government Efficiency, Financial Management, and Intergovernmental Relations, Committee on Government Reform, U.S. House of Representatives. Mr. Dyckman discusses the number of school children served meals in the National Scool Lunch and School Breakfasts programs and the number of outbreaks of foodborne illness during a 10-year period between 1990 and 1999. These outbreaks affect 16,000 children. According to CDC data, the number of outbreaks is on the rise and the USDA has determined that steps need to be taken to protect the foods being served to the children in the meal programs due to the vulnerability of children to foodborne illnesses such as salmonella and E. coli. Further discussion is made regarding the lack of safeguards for foods being served to all American's creating the possibility of large outbreaks of foodborne illness.
United States. General Accounting Office
Dyckman, Lawrence J.
2002-04-30
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2002 Annual Report of the United States Intelligence Community
This report, along with its classified annex, fulfills the requirement for an annual report as stated in the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997, Sections 109(a) and 105(d) of the National Security Act of 1947, as amended. The Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) FY2002 Annual Report of the United States Intelligence Community provides insight into the activities and accomplishments of the Intelligence Community (IC). The mission of the Intelligence Community is to provide policymakers, military commanders, and law enforcement officials with timely, accurate intelligence on a wide range of national security issues. Within this context, sources and methods must be protected. Therefore, this report acknowledges only a small fraction of the total contribution made by the men and women of the Intelligence Community. This report, which is unclassified, addresses accomplishments of the Intelligence Community measured against the national security missions. A Classified Annex to the Annual Report provides additional detail and is provided to the Congressional Intelligence, Appropriations, and Armed Services Committees.
United States. Central Intelligence Agency
Tenet, George J., 1953-
2003-01
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Medical Management of Chemical Casualties Handbook, Third Edition
This handbook provides medical personnel in the field with a concise, pocket-size reference source for the medical management of chemical casualties. It is not intended to be a definitive text on the management of chemical casualties. Chapters address Pulmonary Agents, Cyanide, Vesicants, Nerve Agents, Incapacitating Agents, Riot-Control Agents, Decontamination, Casualty Management, Chemical Defense Equipment, Patient Decontamination, Casualty Receiving Area, Personnel Decontamination Station, Toxicity Data, Physicochemical Data, Medical Equipment Set, Summary Chart, and a Glossary of Terms.
United States. Department of Defense
2000-07
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Toxicological Effects of Particulate Matter Derived from the Destruction of the World Trade Center
The goal of the experiments described in this report was to evaluate the toxicity of fine
particulate matter (PM) derived from the destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) on the
respiratory tract of mice, and thereby contribute to the short-term health risk assessment of WTC PM
being conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency. The adopted approach allowed a comparison of the intrinsic acute toxicity of fine WTC PM in the respiratory tract to well-studied PM reference samples that range in toxicity from essentially inert to quite toxic. The fundamental
question was whether fine WTC PM was uniquely highly toxic. This toxicological research complements efforts by EPA and other organizations to assess the extent and level of worker and public exposures to PM derived from the WTC disaster and recovery efforts. This research is informative, but it is of limited scope, with a focus on the toxicological effects of the fine fraction of WTC dust from a single exposure. A more complete characterization
of potential health effects would include consideration of other size fractions, repeated exposures, additional doses and endpoints, and responses in species or strains of differing sensitivity. It was not possible to assess these other considerations in the present study.
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
2002-12
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Report Card on the Department of Energy's Non-Proliferation Programs with Russia
Since the breakup of the Soviet Union, we have witnessed the dissolution of an empire having over 40,000 nuclear weapons, over a thousand metric tons of nuclear materials, vast quantities of chemical and biological weapons materials, and thousands of missiles. This Cold War arsenal is spread across 11 time zones and lacks the Cold
War infrastructure that provided the control and financing necessary to assure that chains of command remain intact and nuclear weapons and materials remain securely beyond the reach of terrorists and weapons-proliferating states. This problem is compounded by the existence of thousands of weapons scientists who, not always
having the resources necessary to adequately care for their families, may be tempted to sell their expertise to countries of proliferation concern. In order to assess the Department of Energy's part of current U.S. efforts to deal with this critical situation, in February 2000 Secretary of Energy Bill Richardson asked former Senate Majority Leader Howard Baker and former White House Counsel Lloyd Cutler to co-chair a bipartisan task force to review and assess DOE's
nonproliferation programs in Russia and to make recommendations for their improvement. The Task Force reached the following conclusions and
recommendations: The most urgent unmet national security threat to the United States today is the
danger that weapons of mass destruction or weapons-usable material in Russia could be stolen and sold to terrorists or hostile nation states and used against American troops abroad or citizens at home; Current nonproliferation programs in the Department of Energy, the Department of Defense, and related agencies have achieved impressive results thus far, but their
limited mandate and funding fall short of what is required to address adequately the threat; The new President and leaders of the 107th Congress face the urgent national security challenge of devising an enhanced response proportionate to the threat; The President, in consultation with Congress and in cooperation with the Russian
Federation, should quickly formulate a strategic plan to secure and/or neutralize in the next eight to ten years all nuclear weapons-usable material located in Russia and to prevent the outflow from Russia of scientific expertise that could be used for nuclear or other weapons of mass destruction.
United States. Department of Energy
2001-01-10
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Responding to Terrorism Victims: Oklahoma City and Beyond
Based on lessons learned from the April 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Office Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and other mass casualty events, this report identifies special measures needed to protect the rights and meet the needs of victims of large-scale terrorist attacks involving mass casualties. In particular, it demonstrates efforts required to ensure an effective response to victims' rights and their short- and long-term emotional and psychological needs as an integral part of a comprehensive response to terrorism cases involving mass casualties.
United States. Department of Justice
2000-10
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Long-Term Global Demographic Trends: Reshaping the Geopolitical Landscape
Global demographic trends will have far-reaching consequences for the key elements of national power: economic, military, and political within the larger global community. Allies and rivals alike will cope differently-- some better than others. Reforms require advance notice and gradual implementation that, given the immediacy of many of the world's demographic challenges, leave no room for complacency. This paper identifies the factors that will be most important in shaping the worldwide demographic landscape in 2020 and beyond. It examines how societies are coping with the broad range of demographic challenges and assesses what conditions may be key to transforming demographic trends into security issues of interest to the United States. This assessment draws on the results of a two-day strategic planning conference in October 2000. Experts from academia, the business world, and the Intelligence Community identified the trends they believed would be most important in shaping the global demographic landscape over the next decade. The format of this paper follows the format of the annotated briefing developed by RAND and other institutions. The top pages are briefing slides that outline and summarize the various elements of the paper. The bottom pages provide the analytic details and supporting evidence.
United States. Central Intelligence Agency
2001-07
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DCI Persian Gulf War Illnesses Task Force
Document contains twelve select DCI reports on Gulf War illnesses. Included are: "Modeling the Chemical Warfare Agent Release at the Khamisiyah Pit," "Status of the Efforts of the DCI Persian Gulf War Illnesses Task Force," "16 Suspect CW/BW Storage Sites," "Maymunah Munitions Depot," "Update on Potential Mustard Agent Release at Ukhaydir Ammunition Storage Depot," "CIA Support to the US Military During the Persian Gulf War," "Bob Walpole's Statement on Gulf War Task Force," "Creation of Director of Central Intelligence Persian Gulf War Illnesses Task Force," "Status of Director of Central Intelligence Persian Gulf War Illnesses Task Force," "Continuing Support for Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses Research," and "Khamisiyah: A Historical Perspective on Related Intelligence."
United States. Central Intelligence Agency
1997
