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Landpower and Dual Containment: Rethinking America's Policy in the Gulf
The author of this study contends that America's Dual Containment policy has failed. He outlines in what way he thinks that it has, and suggests alternative polices, which he believes might prove successful, and which would not destablize the Gulf--the risk that (in the author's view) we are now running. By a combination of economic sanctions and more forcible methods, America has sought, through Dual Containment, to make Iran and Iraq amend behavior that the United States believes it cannot tolerate. In the case of Iraq, America finds actions of the leadership so abhorent that nothing less than a complete regime change is demanded. The United States wants Iran to give up its alleged support for terrorism.
Army War College (U.S.). Center for Strategic Leadership
Pelletiere, Stephen C.
1999-11
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Italian Army's Role in Homeland Security
Since the unification of the peninsula, the Italian Army has been actively involved in homeland security operations. In particular, the Army's role dramatically increased in 1992, when the Italian Government decided to employ some thousands of soldiers in Sicily, to cooperate with the State police and the "Carabinieri" in opposing the local organized crime. The purpose of this research is to analyze the different homeland security operations carried on by the Italian Army, drawing out from them the lessons learned and to find how these experiences could be utilized to face the threats posed by the new international strategic environment of international terrorism, failed states and rogue states.
Army War College (U.S.)
Serino, Pietro
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General Services Administration Status of Efforts to Improve Management of Building Security Upgrade Program, Statement of Bernard L. Ungar, Director, Government Business Operations Issues, General Government Division, Testimony before the Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Emergency Man
I am pleased to be here today to discuss the General Services Administration's (GSA) progress in upgrading the security of federal buildings under its operation. As you know, following the April 19, 1995, bombing of the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, the President directed the Department of Justice (DOJ) to assess the vulnerability of federal office buildings, particularly to acts of terrorism and other forms of violence. Under the direction of DOJ, an interagency working group comprising security professionals from nine federal departments and agencies issued in June 1995 a report recommending specific minimum security standards for federal buildings. Subsequently, the President directed executive departments and agencies to upgrade the security of their facilities to the extent feasible based on the DOJ report's recommendations. The President gave GSA this responsibility for the buildings it controls, and in July 1995, GSA initiated a multimillion-dollar security enhancement program for these buildings.
United States. General Accounting Office
Ungar, Bernard L.
1999-10-07
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Manhattan 2001 Political-Military Game
This report documents the MANHATTAN 2001 Political-Military Game, conducted by the Center for Army Analysis (CAA) for Headquarters, Department of the Army (HQDA), Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans (ODCSOPS), now the Deputy Chief of Staff, G3, Operations, Readiness, and Mobilization Directorate (DAMO-OD). The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of MANHATTAN 2001, to include a summary of insights gained from the game. The intent of MANHATTAN 2001 was to obtain an executive-level view of Army infrastructure assurance as it supports the Department of Defense Critical infrastructure Protection program, to further refine Army infrastructure assurance as a mission area for Army Homeland Security, and to examine the Army's infrastructure assurance strategic challenges.
Center for Army Analysis (U.S.)
Andreozzi, Greg
2002-01
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Turkey and the Middle East: Threats and Opportunities
The end of the Cold War and the Second Gulf War affected the Middle East prodoundly. The role of regional countries changed when the end of the superpower competition transformed frozen animosities into new conflict areas. In this context, Turkey extremely involved in regional politics. During the 1989-2000 period Turkey's policy toward the Middle East in general centered on security issues while Turkey encouraged regional cooperation simultaneously. PKK terrorism and the prospect of a Kurdish state in northern Iraq have been the forefront issues in Ankara's agenda. Ankara followed an active policy in the region to counter the regional threats to Turkey, to recover its declining image in the West and to improve its economy through regional opportunities.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Yilmaz, Hasan
2001-06
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Information Technology: State Department Led Overseas Modernization Program Faces Management Challenges, Report to the Chairman, Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives
Dramatic changes continue to occur in the world's economic, political, technological, and environmental landscapes. Increases in global trade, transnational terrorism and organized crime, and international health concerns, for example, are combining to create a more complex, more vulnerable world scene. To promote U.S. interests in the face of such rapid change, 24 federal agencies are collectively engaged in foreign affairs activities at 255 overseas locations in 162 countries.
United States. General Accounting Office
2001-11
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Technologies and Equipment For Military and Public Safety Emergency Response. Technology Needs Performance Deficiencies
This report, comprised of viewgraphs/slides, discusses weapons of mass destruction and terrorim preparedness and response.
U.S. Army Natick Research, Development, and Engineering Center
Haskel, Bill
2001-04-30
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Terrorism and Organized Crime: The Alliance of Tomorrow? How to Counter a Possible Future Threat
While in the post-Cold War era threats to international security have become less direct and apocalyptic, they are today more diffuse and insidious. With the probability of large scale, high intensity conflicts decreasing during the l990s, terrorism and transnational organized crime --each in itself-- constitute an increasing and serious threat to the national security of affected nations. Any alliance of these two criminal phenomena is likely to cause a disproportional increase of the overall threat. The thesis, while following an analytical/inductive approach, tries to identity the rationale for such alliances. Although aims and objectives of terrorists and organized criminal groups are different by nature, alliances of convenience have already formed in the past. With globalization apparently working in the favor of terrorists and organized crime, it seems to be only a question of time before they begin merging and start working jointly. Since those criminal organizations tend to exploit the weaknesses of international cooperation by increasingly operating in the transnational sphere, any attempt at a successtul counter-strategy has to meet this threat where it originates. Against this background, international cooperation of law enforcement agencies becomes increasingly important - "Internal Security", it seems, acquires a transnational dimension.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Morbach, Gernot W.
1998-06
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Training for Terror: A Case Study of Al-Qaida
From the thesis abstract: "A recently acquired translated copy of an Al-Qaida training manual is analyzed utilizing the Four Frameworks Model, which states that organizations can be better understood if they are studied from structural, human resources, symbolic, and political perspectives. An overview of Middle Eastern terrorism, a synopsis of the Al-Qaida organization, a review of the contents of the training manual, and an Al-Qaida policy review are also delineated. Of the many conclusions presented, the first states that the Al-Qaida training manual and its precepts are indeed being used to guide terrorist operations. Al-Qaida believe their cause is just based on religious decrees, and that the use of training manuals helps to portray the group in a favorable light, reinforces ideology, and builds support. Al-Qaida have a strong need to rationalize and justify what they do. The success of the World Trade Center and Pentagon bombings may have given Al-Qaida a spiritual boost and hardened their resolve to continue their mission, despite the U.S. War on Terrorism. Recommendations and areas of further research are presented to enhance the intelligence community's understanding of the internal workings of the group."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Kreckovsky, Melanie J.
2002-03
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Structuring Homeland Security
In the wake of World War II the Soviet Union exploded an atomic bomb, which awakened Americans to the idea that the United States could be attacked by another nation. In recent months the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon have demonstrated the vulnerability of the U.S. and the civilized world to yet another threat: terrorism. Unlike 1950 when President Truman was perplexed and had no immediate course of action to prevent an attack on U.S. soil, President Bush answered the call by appointing former Governor Thomas Ridge director of the Office of Homeland Security. Cold war lessons learned from the stand up of the Federal Civil Defense Administration can serve as a blueprint for how lines of authority and resources can be employed for the Office of Homeland Security. The challenges over the next several months and years will be to fully empower and organize the Office of Homeland Security. This office will have responsibility for coordinating a wide variety of federal, state and local security activities to combat terrorism, including the gathering and distribution actions to prevent such attacks. Security experts and congressional panels have long known that certain national infrastructures are so vital that their disruption or destruction would have a debilitating impact on the national defense and/or economic security of the United States. Until now, no one office was charged with coordinating the protection of those resources and connecting the fragmented leadership to fight terrorism.
Army War College (U.S.)
Warren, Terrie
2002-04-09
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Terrorist Application of Operational Art
The terrorist attacks committed by Osama bin Laden illustrate that he has developed the ability to apply operational art and network centric warfare to terrorism. He has clearly defined policy objectives on which he bases his strategy and focuses his attacks on U.S. centers of gravity and critical vulnerabilities. He develops and protects his own centers of gravity. He employs network centric warfare to multiply the effectiveness of his limited forces by dispersing them into C2, intelligence, logistics, and tactical nodes. His use of operational art makes him more dangerous than previous terrorists and exposes critical weaknesses in the United States anti-terrorism posture.
Naval War College (U.S.)
Tranchemontagne, Marc G.
2002-02-04
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Terrorist Organization as a System: Unleashing Warden's Five-Ring Model
The United States is actively engaged in a War on Terrorism. One of the major hurdles in developing a strategy to defeat terrorism is performing an accurate net assessment of a shadowy non-state organization and then translating that assessment into a clear set of critical vulnerabilities. A tool, created by Colonel John Warden, already exists to aid planners in this process. This paper shows how Colonel Warden's system-based approach (five-ring model) can accurately model a terrorist organization, identify centers of gravity and critical vulnerabilities, and provide a strategic and operational blueprint on how to bring all the elements of national power against those vulnerabilities.
Naval War College (U.S.)
Chappel, George G., Jr
2002-02-04
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Terrorism: Analyzing the Threat
This paper examines the nature of the terrorist threat by analyzing terrorism, terrorist acts, and terrorist groups. It seeks to describe underlying characteristics of terrorist groups and the acts which they commit. Once these characteristics have been established the paper offers suggestions for counterterrorist strategies and assesses the potential effectiveness of these strategies in specific case examples in the middle east.
Army War College (U.S.)
Young, Byron J.
1998-04-06
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Chemical Weapons Improved Response Program Overview
The presentation of viewgraphs describes the U.S. Army Soldier Biological Chemical Command and the improvement of its chemical weapons response program. This program is designed to improve response posture for acts of terrorism using chemical weapons. It focuses on high priority responder needs using a think tank approach, and by conducting technical and operational investigations with associated exercises to insure valid solutions.
U.S. Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command
Fedele, Paul D.
2001-04-30
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Understanding the Dynamic System of Terrorist-Government Interaction
The nature of action and reaction that forms the basis for terrorist - government interactions creates a dynamic system. Understanding how this dynamic system behaves in response to key government activities can help the government better control the overall behavior of the system. The system dynamics methodology is one tool that can help the government solve specific behavioral problems within the overall system. This research shows the ability of system dynamics to help develop government policy towards terrorism that can directly affect a terrorist's behavior. It supports a government policy of offensive action instead of defensive reaction. It also identifies the primary variables and parameters of the overall system at an aggregated level. This research effort is the genesis of a future research stream capable of helping the government manages their terrorism policy. The last chapter of this study suggests additional steps in this line of research to develop a tool that can help the government control the dynamic system of terrorist-government interactions.
Air Force Institute of Technology (U.S.)
Hanrahan, John A.
2003-03
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National Guard Homeland Defense Division Filling the Gap in Weapons of Mass Destruction Defense
Weapons of mass destruction (WMD) pose a new and significant threat to American security. The nation does not presently possess the ability to adequately deal with this threat. Congress has tasked DoD to develop capabilities to deal with this threat. In particular, DoD has undertaken programs to train those who will initially respond to a WMD attack (preparedness) and to form units with technical WMD skills to assist in a larger federal relief effort (response). DoD's present concept for preparedness and response is not adequate to provide a long term, comprehensive defense. The preparedness program has a narrow focus and ignores necessary refresher training. The DoD response does little more than add small technical units to the current disaster relief (DR) structure. The National Guard can, if properly structured, provide genuine WMD homeland defense. It should reorganize the two combat divisions and separate brigades not apportioned to current war plans into two Homeland Defense (HLD) Divisions. The HLD divisions should replace the two Response Task Forces presently established by U.S. Army Forces Command to manage the consequences of a WMD attack. They should be organized, trained and equipped specifically for WMD consequence management, and should become responsible for all military support operations within their regions.
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Spiese, Melvin G.
1999-05-27
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USAREUR 2010: Harnessing the Potential of NATO Enlargement
NATO's enlargement in the post-Cold War era has fundamentally altered the political and military realities of the security structure that kept peace in Europe for over half a century. The inclusion of Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic in 1999 and the upcoming inclusion of seven new members in 2004, have created both new challenges and increased opportunities for U.S. policy in the region. More nebulous objectives including protection of human rights, combating terrorism, ensuring peace and stability, and preparing expeditionary forces for use outside of NATO territory have replaced the raison d'etre of the alliance before 1989, to deter the expansion of the Soviet Union. Furthermore, NATO consensus in any given crisis is problematical, as has been demonstrated in recent alliance disunity over policy towards Iraq. In response, the United States has had to adapt its strategy to take into account the shifting political realities engendered by the collapse of the Soviet Union, NATO's expansion, and the ongoing war against terrorism. The stationing of the bulk of U.S. ground forces in Germany, once mandated by the Soviet threat, is no longer a military necessity. Indeed, there are compelling reasons to move U.S. ground forces into Eastern Europe: to help local militaries reach NATO interoperability standards, to stabilize new democracies, to gain better access to potential areas of instability, and to acquire improved training areas, among others. Spreading American units among several European states is also an important hedge against risk should a host nation deny the use of its infrastructure to prevent U.S. forces stationed on its territory from deploying out-of-area.
Army War College (U.S.)
Mansoor, Peter R.
2003-04-07
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Vulnerabilities of U.S. Strategic Ports to Acts of Sabotage
In an era where war is a 'come as you are' affair, the ramifications of arriving too late, or with insufficient forces could prove to be devastating. The recent bombings of the World Trade Center and in Oklahoma City shattered the myth that the United States is exempt from the effects of terrorism. The changing global security environment demands increase vigilance in guarding our vital institutions. The U.S. deterrent policy relies on power projection and the ability to get forces to areas of crisis in a timely manner. The U.S. deploys 95% of its supplies and equipment by sea. We can no longer assume that our domestic seaports are free from the effects of sabotage and terrorism. The U.S. seaports present an exposed target whose attack would serve to enhance the aims of any terrorist organization. It is conceivable that a single, violent act could shatter the balanced, time-sensitive U.S. deployment schedule. The vulnerabilities of our strategic seaports, which deploy and sustain our forces, demands a new sense of awareness on the part of the Department of Defense.
Naval War College (U.S.)
Grohoski, David C.
1996-02-12
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Operational Organization for Homeland Defense
In response to the growing threat of terrorism with chemical, biological and nuclear weapons, the United States government has developed a national concept of operations for responding to their use. This concept of operations consists of multiple agencies at the local, state and federal levels reacting to an incident with no clear operational organization for efficient command and control and effective response. A step in the right direction to resolve this potentially critical problem is to develop an organization under a single commander with the responsibility for domestic preparedness, response, and consequence management. Only with the proper command organization and subsequent unity of effort can we ensure the most effective employment of the many forces and resources currently tasked with homeland defense against and response to weapons of mass destruction.
Naval War College (U.S.)
Karol, Kevin P.
1999-05-17
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On Deceiving Terrorists
This thesis addresses the use of deception as one means available to states for dealing with terrorists. It begins by exploring the body of theoretical literature to establish the foundation necessary for a thorough discussion of deception. Next, the thesis examines the reasons for state use of deception in interstate conflict. From this list, three potential uses of deception against terrorists are suggested. Specifically, the thesis proposes that states use deception to create and exploit organizational inefficiencies and weaknesses in terrorist organizations, facilitate counter-terrorist operations, and conceal counter-terrorist capabilities and intentions. Subsequently, the cases presented herein reveal that states have in fact successfully used deception in the past with all three purposes in mind. Finally, this thesis also explores the often-overlooked subject of costs and risks, demonstrating that the use of deception is almost never without expense. Even when deception succeeds, its use inevitably incurs costs and opens the door to certain risks. Moreover, the study shows that deception-while both legal and ethical in the larger sense-might be illegal or unethical in certain applications. In the end, though, this thesis shows that deception is, indeed, a valuable tool against terrorists.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Higginbotham, Benjamin I.
2001-12
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Is the U.S. Policy on Global Terrorism Effective Against Osama Bin Laden and His Asymmetrical War on the United States?
The purpose of this paper is to answer the question "Is the U.S. policy on Global Terrorism Effective against Osama bin Laden and his Asymmetrical War on the United States?" This paper will analyze the current U.S. policy to defeat terrorism and then compare this policy to Osama bin Laden and his al - Qaeda terrorist organizations' most recent terrorist attacks to see if this new policy will be effective. The paper will conclude with a review of the U.S. policy towards terrorists and make, if necessary, recommendations for possible modifications to that policy.
Army War College (U.S.)
Burns, Mike
2003-04-07
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Modern Terrorism: The Potential for Increased Lethality: CLIC Papers
This paper examines the practice of terrorism from an historical perspective and in particular the changes in revolutionary theory which have in part resulted from the availability of mass media means. The author posits a correlation exists in the media attention garnered through violent terrorist acts and the increasingly lethal and seemingly random incidents of these acts. A deadly spiral of violence has developed in which, to attract media attention, ever higher levels of violence are required. Toxic chemical agents may be used by terrorist to achieve a new and even higher level. Although a firm consensus does not exist on the potential for the employment of chemical weapons by terrorist groups, the easy availability of the technology needed to produce such weapons and the resolve to inflict large numbers of casualties indicates a willingness to explore new avenues of violence. Toxic chemical agents could well be that new avenue.
Army-Air Force Center for Low Intensity Conflict (U.S.)
Thornton, William H.
1987-11
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Combating Terrorism: Comments on Counterterrorism Leadership and National Strategy, Statement for the Record, Raymond J. Decker, Director, Defense Capabilities and Management, Testimony before the Subcommittee on National Security, Veterans Affairs, and International Relations, Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives
"Based on our prior and ongoing work, two key issues emerge that the new President and Congress will face concerning programs to combat terrorism. First, the overall leadership and management of such programs are fragmented within the federal government. No single entity acts as the federal governments top official accountable to both the President and Congress. Fragmentation exists in both coordination of domestic preparedness programs and in efforts to develop a national strategy. The Department of Justice worked with other agencies to develop the Attorney General Five-Year Interagency Counterterrorism and Technology Crime Plan. While this plan is the current document that most resembles a national strategy, we believe it still lacks some critical elements to include measurable desired outcomes, linkage to resources, and a discussion of the role of state and local governments."
United States. General Accounting Office
2001-03-27
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Flawed Strategy in Colombia
While the current global threat of terrorism is the nation's utmost priority, it is extremely important for the United States to review its policy towards supporting Plan Colombia and the Andean Regional Initiative. The United State's policy should reflect a better understanding of the true nature of the conflict in Colombia to include an increase of support for the Colombian government's counterinsurgent operations. The United States' exclusive concentration on counter drug operations has hindered the Colombian government from finding a long term solution to their internal problems. To dictate and maintain the peace from strength, the Colombian government must develop a counterinsurgent campaign that includes the coordinated use of the political, economic, social, and military elements of nation power. This campaign ought to consist of offensive actions to attack the insurgents' centers of gravity and expose their critical vulnerabilities. In order to support the campaign, the United States should provide the necessary Special Forces personnel to train the mobile counterinsurgent brigades and abandon the policy of supporting only counter drug operations. The United States and Colombia must capitalize on the unprecedented cooperation betweens nations in the war on terrorism to renew their efforts on maintaining the peace in Colombia.
Army War College (U.S.)
Redfern, Matthew D.
2002-04-09
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First in, Right Choice: The Employment of Special Operations Forces in America's War Against Osama Bin Laden, Al-Qaeda, and Global Terrorism
Americans are at war. Americans are at war in a country where the former Soviet Union suffered its most disastrous military defeat, Afghanistan. There is a significant contrast between the misfortunes of the Soviet Army and the successes attained thus far by the different elements of United States Central Command. The salient difference is that the United States is not acting as a foreign aggressor seeking to impose its will upon a beleaguered nation. Conversely, the United States stands as a nation acting in concert with other nations opposed to the ubiquitous threat of global terrorism. U. S. military action in Afghanistan has been limited solely to the prudent application of military force which has, as of this moment, forced the capitulation of the Taliban and seeks to annihilate the Al-Qaeda terrorist network. This is a struggle that America and its allies must win in order to maintain, at the very least, regional stability. It is a war that will continue across the Middle East. In Afghanistan, the United States is winning, with much of the hard-earned success being attributed to small cadres of Special Operations Forces. Special Operations Forces (SOF) provide the operational CINC the flexibility to respond to a multitude of contingencies across the spectrum of armed conflict. SOF personnel are mature, first rate, superbly equipped, and intensely trained professionals who bring with them a regional focus to the area of operations. It is therefore incumbent upon the operational CINC to understand and appreciate fully the vast potential such forces bring to the strategic as well as the operational playing field. Though many of the battles thus far have been and will continue to be fought clandestinely, the outcomes result in obvious strategic victories. Clearly, the present war against global terrorists warrants the necessity for the predominant reliance upon U. S. Special Operations Forces.
Army War College (U.S.)
Singleton, Mark A.
2002-04-09
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Homeland Security: A Priority for the Nation: A Primary Mission for the National Guard
On September 11th, 2001, the United States was struck with multiple horrific events. Terrorists were successful at infiltrating the U.S. and attacking American symbols of strength. These events sent a message that the United States was not postured or organized to defend its homeland. The National Guard, with its state and federal missions, is ready to step up to the plate and fulfill its historic and Constitutional mission of providing homeland security. The National Guard is postured to quickly reinforce local capabilities with military units trained, organized, equipped, and positioned to deal with an attack while simultaneously mobilizing the response capabilities (engineering, medical, communications, etc.) within the civilian community. From augmenting first responders to providing services directly, the National Guard is well suited to take on Homeland Security as (a) primary mission.
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Hale, Tracey L.
2002-04-29
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United States - Cuba Relations: Does the War on Terrorism Change Our Stance?
The relationship between the US and Cuba has been marked by tension and confrontation over the past 40 years. With the exception of Kennedy, every President since Eisenhower has either maintained or strengthened the US policy of economic sanctions against Cuba. The current US policy may actually serve to promote the interests of the Castro regime better than the interests of the US. This Strategic Research Project will review the historical perspectives of our policies toward Cuba and analyze whether this posture should be maintained, revised or repealed all together in light of our "war" on terrorism subsequent to September 11, 2001.
Army War College (U.S.)
Richardson, James R.
2002-04-09
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PERSTEMPO Legislation: War on Terrorism and Beyond
Personnel Tempo (PERSTEMPO) of service members was addressed in the National Defense Authorization Acts (NDAA) of 2000 and 2001. PERSTEMPO legislation outlined reporting requirements regarding deployments of soldiers, airmen, sailors, and Marines never before seen by the services. PERSTEMPO legislation caused the services to develop new systems to capture detailed information on the deployments of service members in order to comply with a complex requirement for approving and paying per diem for high-deployment service members. The current national emergency involving the war on terrorism now calls for re-evaluation of the PERSTEMPO legislation. This paper reviews the original intent of the legislation, its current status in the Department of Defense, and specifically the Army, and examines future options that balance the needs of Congress, the services and individual service members.
Army War College (U.S.)
Bartholomew, Donald A.
2002-04-09
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DoD Medical Unification: A Necessity for the Combatant Commander and Homeland Defense
Since the end of WWII, there have been no less than two dozen formal audits, boards, studies and reviews all questioning the efficiency and effectiveness of the three Services maintaining their own Medical Departments. For a variety of reasons the Service Medical Departments have remained arguably unchanged by Goldwater-Nichols DoD Reorganization Act and the 'jointness' it intended. Contrary to some initial expectations, TRICARE has evolved into an effective mechanism for providing healthcare to our active duty personnel, retirees, and their respective families. The remaining piece of the puzzle seems to be the effective and timely delivery of operational medical support to the true primarily customer, the Combatant Commander. This can be resolved though the establishment of a unified Defense Health Agency. For CONUS and OCONUS support missions the Combatant Commander is best served by a single, effectives, and mission oriented voice for medical. For example, Presidential Decision Directives have established two Federal Lead Agencies that will oversee the response to a WMD attack on the homeland are the FBI (crisis management) and FEMA (consequence management). A cursory review of FEMA's Federal Response Plan, has the DoD as a primary supporting Agency with more support tasks as any other Agency; all of these tasks requiring coordination with Service medical organizations. The Combatant Commander is better served with having one voice, one chain of command, and one expert that can be relied upon to provide the necessary medical support where when it is needed. The era of looking out for what is best for the individual Service medical departments is past. By looking out for the needs of the Combatant Commander, the needs of the Nation are also best served.
Naval War College (U.S.)
Rumbaugh, Jack R.
2002-05-13
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Threading the Needle: How the United States Northern Command Can Create Effective Interagency Relationships
This paper addresses the significant operational political and organizational risks inherent in the implementation of United States Northern Command, or NORTHCOM, and how the command can mitigate those risks by carefully managing their relationships with the homeland security interagency players. After briefly reviewing homeland security organizational issues, the author proposes three areas of potential problems -- budget authority, unclear lines of authority and responsibility, and a lack of communication, command, and control relationships among interagency players. To address these problems, the author suggests NORTHCOM focus on five characteristics of their interagency relationships -- coordination, cooperation, cohesiveness, clarity, and coherence. To implement these characteristics, the author recommends NORTHCOM pursue the following eight recommendations: participate in the homeland Security Council/Policy Coordination Committees at the CINC or DCINC level; both fill and establish permanent liaison officer positions with their interagency partners; develop a deep cultural awareness of other agencies; maintain a clear customer focus; establish a strong teamwork ethic; collaborate on mutual Memoranda of Understanding with their partners; develop, exercise, and evaluate scenario- based operational plans; and keep a constant emphasis on the homeland security mission.
Naval War College (U.S.)
Morris, Michael F.
2002-05-13
