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FEMA Daily Operations Briefings, July 1 - 7, 2018
This document is a compilation of all the FEMA Daily Operations Briefings from July 1 - 7, 2018. The FEMA Daily Operations Briefing provides an overview of the current emergency management situation nationwide and includes a summary of current significant events, weather activity, recent emergency declarations and projections for the coming week.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2018-07-01?
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Financial System That Creates Economic Opportunities: Nonbank Financials, Fintech, and Innovation
"President Donald J. Trump established the policy of his Administration to regulate the U.S. financial system in a manner consistent with a set of Core Principles. These principles were set forth in Executive Order 13772 on February 3, 2017. The U.S. Department of the Treasury (Treasury), under the direction of Secretary Steven T. Mnuchin, prepared this report in response to that Executive Order. The reports issued pursuant to the Executive Order identify laws, treaties, regulations, guidance, reporting, and record keeping requirements, and other Government policies that promote or inhibit federal regulation of the U.S. financial system in a manner consistent with the Core Principles. [...] For this report, Treasury incorporated insights from the engagement process for the previous three reports issued under the Executive Order and also engaged with additional stakeholders focused on data aggregation, nonbank credit lending and servicing, payments networks, financial technology, and innovation."
United States. Department of the Treasury
2018-07
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Federal Employee Misconduct: Actions Needed to Ensure Agencies Have Tools to Effectively Address Misconduct, Report to Congressional Requesters
"GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to examine how executive branch agencies address employee misconduct. This report (1) describes the process agencies are required to follow in responding to employee misconduct; (2) identifies alternative approaches to the formal process that agencies can use and assesses what factors affect agencies' responses to misconduct; (3) describes trends in removals and other adverse actions resulting from misconduct; and (4) identifies key practices agencies can use to help them better prevent and address misconduct. To address these objectives, GAO reviewed relevant sections of title 5 of the U.S.C; analyzed MSPB[Merit Systems Protection Board] and OPM [Office of Personnel Management ] data, and interviewed, among others, agency officials and subject-matter experts."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2018-07
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Drug Enforcement Administration, Office of Forensic Sciences: Latent Print Examination Manual
From the Scope: "The quality assurance program for the fingerprint program includes: [1] Testing proficiency [2] Peer review [3] Validating techniques and procedures [4] Maintaining equipment[.]"
United States. Drug Enforcement Administration
2018-07
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IP Regional Service Delivery Model / Program & Services [presentation]
From the Document: "The Regional Service Delivery Model: [1] Enables targeted delivery of IP [infrastructure protection] services, especially in response to evolving threats; [2] Allows for a more thorough understanding of each region's risks, stakeholders, and needs and allows for delivery of services tailored to each region; [3] Tailors outreach and engagements to industries and sectors that are more prevalent in each region; [4] Allows for integrated physical-cyber threat mitigation; [5] Shortens the response time to stakeholder requests for information and services."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2018-07
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Securing High Value Assets
From the Introduction: "High value assets (HVAs) are 'Federal information systems, information, and data for which an unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction could cause a significant impact to the United States' national security interests, foreign relations, economy, or to the public confidence, civil liberties, or public health and safety of the American people.' HVAs enable mission-essential functions and operations, provide services to citizens, generate and disseminate information, and facilitate greater productivity and economic prosperity. Agencies are responsible for the information technology (IT) assets and the personal information entrusted to their organizations by hundreds of millions of Americans. A strategy that frames, assesses, responds to, and monitors risk to HVAs is thus essential. Such a strategy needs to prevent compromise and loss of data, as well as disruption of critical services and operations involving HVAs."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Cybersecurity and Communications
2018-07
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DHS Resilience Framework: Providing a Roadmap for the Department in Operational Resilience and Readiness
From the Executive Summary: "Since May 1998, Presidential and Federal Directives and Executive Orders have been issued on protecting national critical infrastructure. Critical infrastructure are those assets and systems that are so vital to the United States that the incapacity or destruction of them would have a debilitating impact on security, national economic security, national public health, or safety. Since Hurricane Katrina in 2005, there has been a notable shift in emphasis from protecting critical infrastructure but to also ensuring that communities and Federal agency infrastructure are resilient. Simply stated, resilience is the ability to adapt to changing conditions and withstand and rapidly recover from disruption. Hazards and threats that can cause disruptions can take many forms, including natural, technological, and human caused. These could entail, for example, severe weather, power outages, roadway failures, acts of terror, and cyberattacks."
United States. Office of Homeland Security
2018-07
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Reported Injuries to U.S. Personnel in Cuba: State Should Revise Policies to Ensure Appropriate Internal Communication of Relevant Incidents, Report to Congressional Requesters
"U.S. diplomats and their families in Havana, Cuba, were affected by incidents that were associated with injuries, including hearing loss and brain damage. State has reported that over 20 U.S. diplomats and family members in Havana have suffered from medical conditions believed to be connected to the incidents, which began in late 2016 and have continued. By law, State is generally required to convene an ARB [Accountability Review Board] within 60 days of incidents that result in serious injury at, or related to, a U.S. mission abroad, but the Secretary of State can determine that a 60 day extension is necessary. According to State's policy, M/PRI [Management Policy, Rightsizing, and Innovation] is responsible for initiating and leading State's ARB incident vetting process.This report is part of a broader request to review State's response to the incidents in Cuba. In this report, GAO [Government Accountability Office] examines the extent to which State's ARB policy ensures that M/PRI is made aware of incidents that may meet the ARB statute criteria. GAO analyzed relevant federal laws, State policies, and other State documents. GAO also interviewed cognizant State officials."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2018-07
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Activation of Body-Worn Cameras Without Responder Manipulation: Operational Field Assessment Report
From the Executive Summary: "Most commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) body-worn cameras currently in use by law enforcement personnel must either be manually activated when needed or they are set to continuously record while worn. In the former case, responders may fail to activate their cameras in rapidly developing emergency situations, while in the latter case, large amounts of irrelevant video and audio data are obtained that may nevertheless need to be digitally archived. Hitron Technologies Inc. (Hitron) developed the body-worn camera prototypes that were assessed during this operational field assessment (OFA) to address these limitations for U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate's (S&T) First Responder Technologies Division (R-Tech). The prototypes were designed to automatically activate based on trigger signals transmitted wirelessly from any of four critical event sensors: a holster sensor that detects the unlatching of a holster weapon retaining strap, an occupancy sensor that detects responders exiting their vehicles, an audio sensor that detects elevated sound levels and a hemodynamic sensor that detects an increase in the wearer's pulse rate."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Science and Technology Directorate; National Urban Security Technology Laboratory (U.S.)
2018-07
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CRCL Newsletter (July 2018)
"The Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties (CRCL) supports the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) as it secures the nation while preserving individual liberty, fairness, and equality under the law." This issue of the CRCL Newsletter contains the following articles: "Secretary Nielsen Statement on FEMA 2017 Hurricane Season After-Action Report"; "CRCL Convenes Community Roundtables in Columbus"; "CRCL Hosts Meeting with Sikh Community Organizations"; "CRCL Attends Federal Interagency Meeting with Diverse Communities"; "DHS Announcement on Temporary Protected Status for Yemen and Somalia"; "Commemorating the 150th Anniversary of the Fourteenth Amendment"; "CRCL on the Road, July"; and "CRCL on the Road Ahead, August."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties
2018-07
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Supplement Analysis for the Removal of One Metric Ton of Plutonium from the State of South Carolina to Nevada, Texas, and New Mexico
From the Scope of this Document: "This supplement analysis evaluates potential impacts from the repackaging and transportation of one metric ton of plutonium in containers at Savannah River Site (SRS), staging and repackaging of plutonium at Pantex and/or NNSS [Nevada National Security Site], and storage of the plutonium for pit production at LANL [Los Alamos National Laboratory]. Transportation between the sites and onsite is also evaluated. The mission activities at each site are described."
United States. Department of Energy; United States. National Nuclear Security Administration
2018-07
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Tax Fraud and Noncompliance: IRS Could Further Leverage the Return Review Program to Strengthen Tax Enforcement, Accessible Version, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Highlights: "Tax noncompliance, including refund fraud, threatens the integrity of the tax system and costs the federal government hundreds of billions of dollars annually. RRP [Return Review Program] is IRS [Internal Revenue Service]'s primary pre-refund system for detecting and preventing the issuance of invalid refunds. IRS reported that between January 2015 and November 2017 RRP prevented the issuance of more than $6.51 billion in invalid refunds. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to examine RRP's capabilities. This report (1) describes how RRP detects and selects suspicious returns and prevents invalid refunds; (2) assesses how IRS monitors and adapts RRP; and (3) examines what else, if anything, IRS can do to strengthen RRP and use it to address other enforcement issues."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2018-07
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Information Security: IRS Needs to Rectify Control Deficiencies That Limit Its Effectiveness in Protecting Sensitive Financial and Taxpayer Data, Report to the Commissioner of Internal Revenue
From the Highlights: "The IRS [Internal Revenue Service] has a demanding responsibility to collect taxes, process tax returns, and enforce the nation's tax laws. It relies extensively on computerized systems to support its financial and mission-related operations and on information security controls to protect the sensitive financial and taxpayer information that reside on those systems. As part of its audit of IRS's fiscal year 2017 and 2016 financial statements, GAO [Government Accountability Office] assessed whether controls over financial and tax processing systems were effective in ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of financial and sensitive taxpayer information. To do this, GAO examined IRS information security policies, plans, and procedures; tested controls over selected financial systems and applications; and interviewed key agency officials at four IRS locations."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2018-07
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Aviation Security: Actions Needed to Better Identify and Track U.S.-Bound Public Charter Operations from Cuba, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Highlights: "On August 31, 2016, as part of a shift in U.S. policy toward Cuba, air carriers resumed scheduled commercial flights between the United States and Cuba, a route previously only open to public and private charter carrier operations. In June 2017, travel restrictions were revised to require U.S. travelers going to Cuba to travel as part of a licensed group. TSA, the agency responsible for securing the nation's civil aviation system, assesses Cuban airports and inspects air carriers operating U.S-bound flights to ensure they have effective security measures in place. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to review TSA's assessments of Cuban aviation security. This report examines (1) the extent to which TSA followed its standard operating procedures when assessing aviation security at Cuban airports in fiscal years 2012 through 2017; (2) the results of TSA's Cuban airport assessments in fiscal years 2012 through 2017; and (3) the results of TSA's air carrier inspections for Cuba in fiscal years 2016--when commercial scheduled air service between the United States and Cuba resumed--and 2017. GAO reviewed TSA policies and procedures, observed TSA air carrier inspections in Cuba, and compared TSA data on assessments and inspections to data from the Department of Transportation."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2018-07
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United States Attorneys' Bulletin: Fentanyl and Related Threats, Volume 66 Number 4, July 2018
This edition of the United States Attorneys' Bulletin covers Fentanyl and Related Threats. The following articles are included: "Danger in Milligrams and Micrograms: United States Attorneys' Offices Confront Illicit Fentanyls"; "A Primer on Investigating Doctors Who Illegally Prescribe Opioids"; "Investigating and Prosecuting 'Pill Press' Manufacturing Schemes"; "New Amendments to the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Concerning Fentanyl and Fentanyl Analogues"; "The Medical Examiner's Role in Addressing the Opioid Crisis"; "Fentanyl Trafficking Trends in the United States"; "Homeland Security Investigations, Border Search Authority, and Investigative Approaches to Fentanyl Smuggling"; "Hunting in the Dark: A Prosecutor's Guide to the Dark Net and Cryptocurrencies"; "The Role of Community Outreach in the Opioid Crisis: Maintaining Hope in the Face of Rising Overdose Deaths"; "Prescription Drug Abuse and Illicit Substance Use: A Crisis in Indian Country"; "Public Safety and Public Health Efforts to Combat the Opioid Epidemic"; and the book review of "Dreamland: The True Tale of America's Opiate Epidemic."
Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys
2018-07
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Navy Columbia (SSBN-826) Class Ballistic Missile Submarine Program: Background and Issues for Congress [June 29, 2018]
"This report provides background information and potential oversight issues for Congress on the Columbia-class program, a program to design and build a new class of 12 ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) to replace the Navy's current force of 14 Ohio-class SSBNs. The program was previously known as the Ohio replacement program (ORP) or SSBN(X) program. The Navy has identified the Columbia-class program as the Navy's top priority program. The Navy wants to procure the first Columbia-class boat in FY2021. The Navy's proposed FY2019 budget requests $3,005.3 million in advance procurement (AP) funding and $704.9 million in research and development funding for the program. The program poses a number of funding and oversight issues for Congress. Decisions that Congress makes on the Columbia-class program could substantially affect U.S. military capabilities and funding requirements, and the U.S. shipbuilding industrial base."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2018-06-29
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Media Consolidation: United States v. AT&T and Implications for Future Transactions [June 29, 2018]
"On June 12, 2018, the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia (D.C. District Court) ruled that the proposed merger of AT&T, Inc. (AT&T) with Time Warner Inc. (Time Warner) could proceed without conditions, after one of the most closely watched antitrust trials in recent memory. The companies announced their intent to merge in October 2016. After examining the transaction for over a year, the Department of Justice (DOJ) challenged the proposed merger in November of 2017, arguing that consolidation of AT&T, a communications and satellite television provider, with Time Warner, a programming aggregator, would substantially lessen competition in violation of Section 7 of the Clayton Act (15 U.S.C. § 18). The court, after conducting a six-week trial examining the evidence, held that the government had not met its burden of proof under Section 7. The AT&T/Time Warner merger closed on June 14, 2018."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Ruane, Kathleen Ann
2018-06-29
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U.S. Research and Development Funding and Performance: Fact Sheet [June 29, 2018]
"Research and development (R&D) in the United States is funded and performed by a number of sectors--including the federal government, state governments, businesses, academia, and nonprofit organizations--for a variety of purposes. This fact sheet begins by providing a profile of the U.S. R&D enterprise, including historical trends and current funding by sector and by whether the R&D is basic research, applied research, or development. The final section of this fact sheet includes data on R&D performance by sector."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sargent, John F., Jr.
2018-06-29
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When Can You Be Convicted of a Crime That Is Not a Crime? [June 29, 2018]
"A panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit (Tenth Circuit) recently upheld the murder conviction of a defendant who the court conceded had been 'convicted of a crime that is not a crime.' The case, United States v. Melgar-Cabrera, is the product of extradition and an underappreciated landmark Supreme Court decision, Apprendi v. New Jersey. Melgar-Cabrera began when the defendant and two cohorts robbed a Denny's restaurant and killed a waitress. They were charged with three offenses: (1) robbery in violation of the Hobbs Act, 18 U.S.C. § 1951; (2) using a firearm in relation to a crime of violence, 18 U.S.C. § 924(c); and (3) murder committed during the Section 924(c) firearms offense, 18 U.S.C. § 924(j). Before he could be tried, the defendant fled to El Salvador. Salvadoran authorities agreed to his extradition, but only under the Hobbs Act and the murder charges. They denied extradition on the Section 924(c) firearms charge."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Doyle, Charles
2018-06-29
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Farm Bills: Major Legislative Actions, 1965-2018 [June 29, 2018]
"The farm bill provides an opportunity for Congress to address agricultural and food issues comprehensively about every five years. Over time, farm bills have tended to become more complicated and politically sensitive. As a result, the timeline for reauthorization has become less certain, and in general recent farm bills have taken longer to enact than in previous decades. Recent farm bills, beginning with the 2008 farm bill (P.L. 110-246), have been subject to various developments that have delayed enactment, such as insufficient votes to pass the House floor, presidential vetoes, and short-term extensions. The 2014 farm bill took more than 21 months from introduction to enactment and spanned the 112th and 113th Congresses. The House rejected a bill in 2013 and then passed separate farm and nutrition assistance components before procedurally recombining them for conference with the Senate. Somewhat similarly, the 2008 farm bill took more than a year to enact and was complicated by revenue provisions from another committee of jurisdiction, temporary extensions, and vetoes."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Monke, Jim
2018-06-29
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Iran Sanctions [June 29, 2018]
"The multilateral nuclear accord (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, or JCPOA) provided Iran broad relief from U.N. and multilateral sanctions, as well as U.S. secondary sanctions (sanctions on foreign firms that do business with Iran) on Iran's civilian economic sectors. Upon the January 16, 2016, implementation of the JCPOA, U.S. Administration waivers of relevant sanctions laws took effect, relevant executive orders (E.O.s) were revoked, and corresponding U.N. and EU sanctions were lifted. Remaining in place were a general ban on U.S. trade with Iran and U.S. secondary sanctions imposed on Iran's support for regional governments and armed factions, its human rights abuses, its efforts to acquire missile and advanced conventional weapons capabilities, and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). Some additional sanctions on these entities and activities were made mandatory by the Countering America's Adversaries through Sanctions Act (CAATSA, P.L. 115-44), which also increases sanctions on Russia and North Korea."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Katzman, Kenneth
2018-06-29
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Navy Virginia (SSN-774) Class Attack Submarine Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress [June 29, 2018]
"This report provides background information and issues for Congress on the Virginia-class nuclear-powered attack submarine (SSN) program. The Navy's proposed FY2019 budget requests $7,169.8 million (i.e., about $7.2 billion) in procurement and advance procurement (AP) funding for the program. Decisions that Congress makes on procurement of Virginia-class boats could substantially affect U.S. Navy capabilities and funding requirements, and the U.S. shipbuilding industrial base."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2018-06-29
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Letter from CBO Director Keith Hall to Chairman Devin Nunes Regarding [Preliminary Estimate of the Direct Spending Effects of H.R. 6237, The Matthew Young Pollard Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2018 and 2019] [June 29, 2018]
From the Letter: "The Congressional Budget Office [CBO] has completed a preliminary estimate of the direct spending effects of H.R. 6237, the Matthew Young Pollard Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2018 and 2019, as ordered reported by the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence on June 28, 2018. This preliminary estimate is based on language provided by the Committee on June 28, 2018. CBO's complete cost estimate for H.R. 6237, including discretionary costs, will be provided shortly. On a preliminary basis, CBO estimates that enacting the bill would affect direct spending by making changes to the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System to enhance the benefits offered to certain annuitants; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures apply. However, we estimate that those effects would be less than $500,000 over the 2019-2028 period. Enacting the bill would not affect revenues."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-06-29
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Surveillance Summaries, June 29, 2018
"Chronic conditions and disorders (e.g., diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, and depression) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Healthy behaviors (e.g., physical activity, avoiding cigarette use, and refraining from binge drinking) and preventive practices (e.g., visiting a doctor for a routine check-up, tracking blood pressure, and monitoring blood cholesterol) might help prevent or successfully manage these chronic conditions. Monitoring chronic diseases, health-risk behaviors, and access to and use of health care are fundamental to the development of effective public health programs and policies at the state and local levels."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2018-06-29
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, June 29, 2018
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Outbreaks Associated with Untreated Recreational Water -- United States, 2000-2014"; "Geographic Variation in Pediatric Cancer Incidence -- United States, 2003--2014"; "Prevalence and Predictors of Provider-Initiated HIV Test Offers Among Heterosexual Persons at Increased Risk for Acquiring HIV Infection -- Virginia, 2016"; "Fatal Sepsis Associated with Bacterial Contamination of Platelets -- Utah and California, August 2017"; "Update of Recommendations for Use of Once-Weekly Isoniazid-Rifapentine Regimen to Treat Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection"; "Notes from the Field: Domestically Acquired Verona Integron-Mediated Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae -- Indiana, 2016-2017"; "Notice to Readers: Ongoing Reanalysis of Suicide Rates Data by Occupational Group from Results Reported in MMWR"; and "QuickStats: Percentage of Residential Care Communities That Use Electronic Health Records, by Census Region -- United States, 2016."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2018-06-29
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Cyber Supply Chain Risk Management: An Introduction [June 29, 2018]
"A supply chain consists of the system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources that provide products or services to consumers. Like other types of goods, a global supply chain exists for the development, manufacture, and distribution of information technology (IT) products (i.e., hardware and software). Recent media have highlighted the risks posed to IT from the supply chain. In 2017, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) ordered federal agencies to remove Kaspersky security products from their networks because of risk they posed. Legislation was subsequently enacted codifying that order. In addition, stories of persistent administrative passwords on devices or otherwise vulnerable products allowing unauthorized access to sensitive networks became more frequent."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Jaikaran, Chris
2018-06-29
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Department of Homeland Security: Monthly Budget Execution and Staffing Report: Fiscal Year 2018-Through May 31, 2018 (Fiscal Year 2018 Report to Congress)
"This report has been prepared pursuant to Section 102 of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (P.L. 115-141), which continues reporting terms and conditions specified by the Fiscal Year 2016 Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act (P.L. 114-113) and its accompanying Joint Explanatory Statement, House Report 114-215, and Senate Report 114-68. P.L. 114-113 includes the following provisions: SEC. 513. Not later than 30 days after the last day of each month, the Chief Financial Officer of the Department of Homeland Security shall submit to the Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives a monthly budget and staffing report for that month that includes total obligations of the Department for that month for the fiscal year at the appropriation and program, project, and activity levels, by the source year of the appropriation: Provided, That total obligations for staffing shall also be provided by subcategory of on-board and funded full-time equivalent staffing levels, respectively: Provided further, That the report shall specify the number of, and total obligations for, contract employees for each office of the Department."
United States. Department of Homeland Security; United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of the Chief Financial Officer
2018-06-29
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Permitting for Pesticide Discharges into Navigable Waters: Issues and Legislation in the 115th Congress [June 28, 2018]
"Permitting requirements for using registered pesticides in or around the nation's waters has been a long-standing issue. Under the Clean Water Act (CWA; 33 U.S.C. §1251 et seq.), discharges of pollutants into navigable waters are unlawful unless specifically authorized by a permit. For decades following the enactment of the CWA, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) did not consider registered pesticides used in compliance with the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA; 7 U.S.C. §136 et seq.) as pollutants that required permitting for their discharge into waters. However, in 2009, the U.S. Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that (1) the statutory definition of pollutant in the CWA encompasses biological pesticides and chemical pesticides that leave a residue in navigable waters, and (2) discharges of such pollutants require permitting. In response to the ruling, EPA issued a general discharge permit to cover the majority of pesticide applications resulting in point source discharges. States with delegated authority to issue their own discharge permits issued similar general discharge permits."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Gatz, Laura; Yen, Jerry H.
2018-06-28
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Congressional Liaison Offices of Selected Federal Agencies [June 28, 2018]
"This list of about 200 congressional liaison offices is intended to help congressional offices in placing telephone calls and addressing correspondence to government agencies. The information was supplied by the appropriate agency and is current as of the date of publication. Entries are arranged alphabetically in four sections: legislative branch; judicial branch; executive branch; and agencies, boards, and commissions."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Crane-Hirsch, Audrey Celeste
2018-06-28
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Boko Haram and the Islamic State's West Africa Province [June 28, 2018]
"Boko Haram emerged in the early 2000s as a small Sunni Islamic sect in Nigeria advocating a strict interpretation and implementation of Islamic law, and has evolved since 2009 to become one of the world's deadliest terrorist groups. The nickname Boko Haram was given by local communities to describe the group's narrative that Western education and culture are corrupting influences and haram ('forbidden'). The group called itself Jama'a Ahl as-Sunna Li-da'wa waal Jihad (roughly translated from Arabic as 'People Committed to the Propagation of the Prophet's Teachings and Jihad'). In 2015, its leadership pledged allegiance to the Islamic State (IS, aka ISIS/ISIL), and renamed itself as the Islamic State's West Africa Province (aka ISWAP, ISIS-WA, hereafter IS-WA). The group, still widely referred to as Boko Haram, subsequently split into two factions. Both pose an ongoing security threat in Nigeria and the surrounding Lake Chad Basin region."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blanchard, Lauren Ploch; Cavigelli, Katia T.
2018-06-28
