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Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) Chemical Protocol
Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms for an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride include chlorohydric acid, hydrochloric acid,
and muriatic acid.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2000-03-24
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Hydrogen Peroxide (H2 O2) Chemical Protocol
Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include dihydrogen dioxide, hydrogen dioxide, hydroperoxide, and peroxide.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2000
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Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Chemical Protocol
Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include dihydrogen sulfide, sulfur hydride, sulfurated hydrogen, hydrosulfuric acid, "sewer gas," "swamp gas," hepatic acid, sour gas, and "stink damp."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2000
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Methyl Bromide (CH3 Br) Chemical Protocol
Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include bromomethane, monobromomethane, isobrome, and methyl fume.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2000
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Methyl Mercaptan (CH3SH) Chemical Protocol
Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include methanethiol, mercaptomethane, thiomethanol, methyl sulfhydrate, and thiomethyl alcohol.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2000
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National Military Strategy: Shape, Respond, Prepare Now -- A Military Strategy for a New Era
The National Military Strategy provides the advice of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) in consultation with the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Combatant Commanders on the strategic direction of the Armed Forces over the next three to five years. In formulating the 1997 National Military Strategy, the CJCS derives guidance from the President's 1997 National Security Strategy and from the Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) report prepared by the Secretary of Defense. In both the 1997 National Security Strategy and the QDR report, the President and the Secretary of Defense introduced an integrated strategic approach embodied by the terms Shape, Respond and Prepare Now. The 1997 National Military Strategy is based on these concepts. It builds on the premise that the United States will remain globally engaged to Shape the international environment and create conditions favorable to US interests and global security. It emphasizes that our Armed Forces must Respond to the full spectrum of crises in order to protect our national interests. It further states that as we pursue shaping and responding activities, we must also take steps to Prepare Now for an uncertain future.
Defense Technical Information Center (U.S.)
1997-05
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Nitrogen Oxides (NO, NO2, and others)
Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms for nitric oxide (NO) include mononitrogen monoxide and nitrogen monoxide. Synonyms for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) include dinitrogen tetroxide, nitrogen peroxide, nitrogen tetroxide, and NTO. Synonyms for mixtures of nitrogen oxides include nitrogen fumes and nitrous fumes.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2000
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Phenol (C6 H5 OH) Chemical Protocol
Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include carbolic acid, hydroxybenzene, monohydroxybenzene, benzenol, monophenol,
phenyl hydroxide, phenyl alcohol, phenic acid, phenylic acid, and phenylic alcohol.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2000
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Parathion ([C2 H5 O2] P[S]OC6 H4 NO2 ) Chemical Protocol
Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include O,O-Diethyl-O-(p-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate, diethyl parathion, ethyl parathion, parathion ethyl and a variety of trade names such as Alkron, Alleron, Danthion, DNTP, DPP, Etilon, E-605, Stathion, Sulphos,
and Thiophos.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2000
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Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) Chemical Protocol
Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include caustic soda, lye, soda lye, and sodium hydrate.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2000
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Phosgene (COCl 2) Chemical Protocol
Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include carbonic acid dichloride, carbonic dichloride, carbon oxychloride, carbonyl chloride, and chloroformyl chloride.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2000
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Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Chemical Protocol
Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include sulfur oxide, sulfurous acid anhydride, sulfurous anhydride, and sulfurous oxide.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2000
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Phosphine (PH3)
Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms of phosphine include hydrogen phosphide, phosphorus hydride, phosphorus trihydride,
and phosphoretted hydrogen.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2000
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Selenium Hexafluoride (SeF6)
Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include selenium fluoride and selenium (VI) fluoride.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2000
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Tetrachloroethylene (Cl2 C=CCl2) Chemical Protocol
Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include carbon bichloride, carbon dichloride, ethylene tetrachloride, PCE, perc, perchlor,
perchloroethylene, Perclene, perk, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene, and tetrachloroethene.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2000
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Trichloroethylene (Cl2 C=CHCl) Chemical Protocol
Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include acetylene trichloride, ethylene trichloride, ethinyl trichloride, trichloroethene,
TCE, and tri.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2000
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Toluene (C6 H5 CH3) Chemical Protocol
Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include methyl benzene, methyl benzol, phenyl methane, and toluol.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2000
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Toluene Diisocyanate (CH3 C6 H3 [NCO]2 ) Chemical Protocol
Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include TDI, diisocyanatotoluene, and tolylene diisocyanate.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2000
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1,1,1-Trichloroethane (CH3 CCl3 ) Chemical Protocol
Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include alpha-T, alpha-trichloroethane, chloroethene, methylchloroform, methyltrichloromethane,
TCEA, and trichloromethylmethane.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2000
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Xylene (C6 H4)(CH3)2
Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include dimethylbenzene, methyl toluene, xylol, and mixed xylenes.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2000
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Vinyl Chloride (C2 H3 Cl) Chemical Protocol
Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include chloroethene, chloroethylene, 1-chloroethylene, ethylene monochloride,
monochloroethylene, monovinyl chloride, MVC, VC, VCM, and vinyl chloride monomer.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2000
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World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers 1996
Key military indicators reported in this 25th edition of World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers (WMEAT) suggest that 1995, the last year shown, may prove to be a pivotal year. Military spending took an upward turn in the developing countries as a group as well as in a number of regions, notably East Asia and South America, after dropping since 1986 except for the Gulf War years. Arms imports by the developing countries also turned up sharply in 1995, with increases appearing in the Middle East, East Asia, South America, and South and Central Asia. Armed forces numbers did not generally increase in 1995, but neither have they shown recent signs of falling appreciably in the developing group. On the other hand, for the developed country group all these indicators of military effort continued their decline from Cold War levels in 1995, with little sign of abatement. Although the full long-term implication of these trends may be cloudy, it is clear that the work of arms control and nonproliferation is far from over. That conviction is supported by the difficulties being encountered in many of the growing number of international peace-promoting efforts, the ominous threat of terrorism, the military disorder in a number of regions, and the persistence of armed conflict potential around the globe. In fact, the work of arms control and nonproliferation is daily facing new challenges and taking new paths. It is imperative that the toilers in this vineyard maintain and even increase their dedication, their persistent efforts, and ultimately, their successes, despite setbacks and discouragements.
United States. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
1997-07
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Strategy for a Middle East Peace - Is the US Acting in Its Own Best Interest?
The United States is not acting in its best interest with respect to Israel and the Middle East peace. Congress and many government officials have stated that Middle East peace is a vital national interest, yet the legislative and executive branches of government act to undermine the peace process through unconditional support for Israel and its policies. This paper uses the National Security Strategy (May 1997) and the pronouncements of state Department officials to outline US interests in the Middle East. Actions taken or not taken to advance the peace are then examined as well as the stated rationale for these actions and policies. As the examination unfolds, two things become clear: the US is acting to undermine justice for the Palestinian and peace in the region, and Israelis a pariah nation that violates every value that is the ethos of America. Israelis what we teach our children to abhor; a country that practices genocide and has no respect for the basic human rights of others. Six national interests are examined in making this evaluation: 1) the free flow of oil at reasonable prices; 2) the security of Israel and our Arab allies; 3) stability in the region; 4) combating terrorism and the spread of weapons of mass destruction; 5) promoting democracy and respect for human rights and the rule of law; 6) and enhancing business opportunities for American companies. The United States has the ability to achieve each of these interests and also to secure these interests, but chooses to jeopardize them by allowing Israel unrestrained latitude in dispossessing the Palestinian Arabs. The United States acts to marginalize the international community who seeks to force Israel to act like a responsible member of the global family. In doing so, the United States compromises its national values, its global leadership and its vital interest in the Middle East.
Army War College (U.S.)
Phillips, Michael A.
1998
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NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Optics of Cosmic Dust
Biological warfare (BW) agents are a prime concern to both military and civilian personnel because of both their lethality and the resulting terror they would inflict upon a population. Dc testing and identifying aerosols are a primary objective of the US DoD and many other institutions worldwide. Light scattering may provide an automated means of rapidly detecting and identifying potentially lethal aerosols real-time without the use of chemical reagents or expensive maintenance. Since organic particles tend to fluoresce, many detector systems have focused on measuring this property to identify potentially harmful particles to raise an alarm. However, because fluorescence signals tend to be weak and smooth, it is difficult to differentiate among species of biological particles. Natural backgrounds vary widely and may cause false alarms. For this reason, other information is needed about the particle system that may be gathered from the elastic scattering spectrum. One property of 3W agents is that when they are aerosolized, they tend to aggregate into clusters. From the scattering signal, it might be possible to characterize the individual spores making up the cluster to help in the identification. However, again it is essential to be aware of the natural background signals caused by dust, diesel fumes, pollen, etc. and to develop methods to distinguish between these particles and the particles of concern.
U.S. Army Research Laboratory
Videen, Gordon
2001-11
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Proceedings of the Symposium on Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Contamination Survivability (NBCCS): Developing Contamination-Survivable Defense
The 1994 Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Contamination Survivability (NBCCS) Symposium was held on 15 June 1994 at the Edgewood Area Conference Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. Sponsored by the Chemical division of the American Defense Preparedness Association, it was co-hosted by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and the U.S. Army Chemical and Biological Defense Command (CBDCOM). The objective of the symposium was to provide exchange of information on how to successfully execute an NBCCS program within the context of the item/system development and fielding program. Key to this exchange was the participation of both U.S. Government and industry members of the research, development, and acquisition community. Also key was the participation of the Joint Department of Defense (DOD) services. Selection of presentations was designed to help others avoid 'reinventing the wheel' and to demonstrate that NBCCS can be achieved without 'killing' a program. The symposium demonstrated that significant progress has been made in the area of design and test for NBCCS of military systems. This process can be attributed to a strong government industry team effort that must continue if this aspect of survivability is to be achieved on the battlefield.
U.S. Army Research Laboratory
Braungart, Charles; D'Elicio, Loluis S.
1994-10
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Container Security: Expansion of Key Customs Programs Will Require Greater Attention to Critical Success Factors, Report to Congressional Requresters
In response to the concern that terrorists could smuggle weapons of mass destruction in ocean containers that arrive at U.S. seaports, the U.S. Customs Service (Customs) implemented the Container Security Initiative (CSI) to screen for high-risk containers at overseas ports and Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) to improve global supply chain security in the private sector. In this report, GAO (1) describes the purpose and elements of these new programs, (2) examines Customs' implementation of CSI and C-TPAT during the first year, and (3) assesses the extent to which Customs has focused on factors critical to the programs' long-term success and accountability. GAO found that Customs' implementation of the CSI and C-TPAT programs evolved in response to challenges it encountered. Although Customs is preparing to devote significantly more resources to CSI and C-TPAT as it expands the programs, it has not taken adequate steps to incorporate factors necessary for the programs' long-term success and accountability. These factors include human capital planning, development of performance measures, and strategic planning. GAO found the following: (1) although CSI seeks to staff Customs officials at more than 30 overseas ports and C-TPAT expects to hire more than 150 additional staff, Customs has not devised systematic human capital plans to meet long-term staffing needs for both programs; (2) while Customs has created some performance measures to quantify operational activities and efforts, it has not developed measures to establish accountability and measure program achievement; and (3) in its efforts to rapidly implement the programs and enroll participants, Customs focused on short-term planning.
United States. General Accounting Office
2003-07-25
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Test Results of Phase 2 Level A Suits to Challenge by Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents and Simulants: Executive Summary
Swatches from six commercially available Level A protective suits were challenged with liquid droplets of Sarih (GB) and mustard (HD) using modifications of the static difftision procedure described in TOP 8-2-501. The cumulative mass of each agent that permeated each swatch was determined over time, and the results for all swatches were used to determine a weighted-average cumulative mass for each suit. From these data, a breakthrough time was calculated for each Suit for comparison purposes. In addition, intact suits were challenged with corn-oil aerosol to simulate a biological aerosol. Protection factors were determined for each suit.
U.S. Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command
Lindsay, Robert S.
2001-10
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Information Terrorism
The information revolution has had a dramatic impact on every aspect of our lives. Commercial activities, all the way from the world's financial markets to the most basic purchases in stores, are driven by the changes in information technology. It is, therefore, not surprising that military operations are equally bound by these technologies which, at first glance, seem so remote from the world of troop movements and combat. But, in fact, these technologies are changing not only society but also our definition of war and the conduct of military operations. Throughout history, military doctrine, organization and strategy have continually undergone profound, technology-driven changes. Modern warfare, unlike that of past epochs, is "information intensive," meaning the conduct of effective military operations requires a greater accumulation of data than ever before. Today, access to information is just as crucial as possession of petroleum, oil, lubricants, and ammunition. Cyberwar refers to conducting military operations according to information-related principles. It means disrupting or destroying information and communications systems. It means trying to know everything about an adversary while keeping the adversary from knowing much about oneself.
Defense Technical Information Center (U.S.)
Cupp, Christian M.; Levine, Phyllis
2000-03
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Analysis of Federal Airport and Air Carrier Employee Access Control, Screening and Training Regulations
Current Federal Aviation Regulations concerning civil aviation security are focused on countering the threat of a passenger hijacking a commercial airplane. Current media and government emphasis is focused on a passenger breaching security at an airport in the U.S. and not an employee breaching security. The security of the U.S. air travel industry from terrorist attacks hinges on an effective civil aviation security program. Government and aviation industry officials would greatly benefit from the revision of the current Federal Aviation Regulations concerning civil aviation security to address the issue of terrorism initiated by an employee. This thesis provides a thorough examination of current Federal Aviation Regulations parts 107 and 108 sections concerning airport and air carrier employee access control, screening, and training. Based upon field research of five U.S. airports, the work furthermore analyzes related issues and problems associated with these regulations and generates recommendations that serve to enhance security for the traveling public, air carriers, and persons employed by or conducting business at public airports.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Miller, Edward G.; Dover, Mark W.
1998-03
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Shaping the Future Security Environment in Sub-Saharan Africa
The nearly 40 year process of decolonization and the end of the Cold War have helped create major transformations in Sub-Saharan Africa. The challenges of extreme poverty, civil war, crime, cross-border interventionism, terrorism, outflows of refugees, environmental degradation and the spread of pandemic disease threaten the region's security environment and could threaten global stability. A contradiction exists between the United States government's stated foreign policy of engagement and its involvement in Africa. While stability is arguably its most important national interest, America does little to shape the security environment of this troubled region. If the United States is going to shape Africa's security environment, political leaders must become the visionaries of, and the advocates for, a more sophisticated foreign policy for the region. They must gain consensus on national interests in the region, and formulate a coherent set of policy objectives which will focus future engagement strategies. Through selective engagement the United States can help Africans solve African problems while shaping a security environment favorable to United States interests.
Army War College (U.S.)
Russell, Theodore S.
1998-03-01
