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2017 Atlantic Hurricane Season Impact on Communications Report and Recommendations
"The 2017 Atlantic hurricane season was notable for the devastation wrought to various types of infrastructure, including communications. A larger-than-expected number of significant storms caused billions of dollars of damages and significant loss of life. [...] Emergency call centers on the American mainland seem to have survived each storm relatively well; the Federal Communications Commission (FCC or Commission) did not receive reports of widespread 911 call center outages in those areas affected by the storms. In contrast, the 911 call centers serving Puerto Rico and the USVI were impacted [...]. Leadership at the Commission undertook fact-finding missions to the hardest-hit regions. To determine what went right, what went wrong, and how to better prepare for future hurricane seasons, the Commission sought comment from stakeholders through a variety of means, including a public notice, critical information needs workshop, and after-action reporting both within the Commission and with federal emergency response partners. [...] This Report includes actions the Commission took during, and in response to, the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season; lessons learned and observations to assist the Commission, service providers, local and regional emergency response authorities, and other stakeholders when confronting hurricanes; and next steps that the Commission will take to improve its disaster response and recovery efforts."
United States. Federal Communications Commission
2018-08
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Emergency General Surgery in Deployed Locations
"The goal of this clinical practice guideline is to provide guidance on the treatment of acute surgical conditions in the deployed environment. These guidelines are not intended solely for clinical care, but to help unit commanders and supporting medical components to consider tactical and resource constraints relevant to the management of acute surgical conditions in order to optimize patient care in the expeditionary setting."
US Army Institute of Surgical Research
2018-08-01
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2014 Southwest Border Encounters: Three-Year Cohort Outcomes Analysis
From the conclusion: "This report re-examines the 2014 southwest border enforcement cohort by describing final or most current outcomes as of the end of 2017. Overall, DHS [Department of Homeland Security] repatriated 65 percent of aliens encountered in 2014, with the majority (80 percent) of these repatriations occurring as expedited removals or reinstatements of previous removal orders. [...] [A]liens who are not subject to expedited removal or reinstatement of a previous removal order--including most aliens in these potentially humanitarian categories--are likely to remain in unresolved statuses. This finding also means that aliens who are not repatriated within 90 days of their initial enforcement action typically go for long periods in unresolved statuses. With Mexicans accounting for a falling share of border encounters and with UACs [unaccompanied alien children], FMUAs [family units], and asylum seekers accounting for a growing share, these findings highlight important challenges for the Department."
United States. Office of Immigration Statistics; United States. Department of Homeland Security
2018-08
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Evaluation of Commercial Wet Vacuums for Bacillus Spore Sampling on Surfaces
"The objective of this work was to develop and optimize a wet vacuum cleaner-based sampling method so that this widely-available commercial device could be used for sampling spores on both porous and nonporous surface types. Such a sampling device would use a liquid sampling medium that could be analyzed directly without an extraction step (spore recovery from the sampling medium) required for other surface sampling methods. This direct analysis could potentially increase recovery efficiency while reducing the sample analysis turnaround time and cost. The main objective of this project was to assess an alternative cost-effective, reliable, commercially available (or built with off-the-shelf materials) wet vacuum cleaner that could be used for sampling 'Bacillus' spores (i.e., surrogates of 'B. anthracis') on both porous and nonporous surfaces. The technical approach for this study involved bench-scale research, as part of Phase I tests, on the effectiveness of sampling liquids and operational parameters (such as elapsed time and liquid volume) to sample spores from different surfaces."
United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Homeland Security Research Program
2018-08
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Bleach-Based Biodecontamination of Subway Materials
"The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Homeland Security Research Program (HSRP) mission is to advance EPA's capabilities to protect human health and the environment from adverse impacts arising from terrorist threats and other contamination incidents. The National Homeland Security Research Center (NHSRC) conducts research under the HSRP to address gaps in EPA's response to terrorist attacks involving chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear contamination. The response following a chemical or biological incident in a transportation hub like a subway system requires fast and effective remediation approaches to mitigate cost and reduce the time for the underground system to return to normal operation. This study is designed to evaluate 'low-tech' decontamination approaches that use readily available off-the shelf equipment for dispensing decontamination solutions."
United States. Environmental Protection Agency; United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Homeland Security Research Program
Oudejans, Lukas; Touati, Abderrahmane; Aslett, Denise . . .
2018-08
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Next Generation First Responder Integration Handbook, Part 3: Technical Supplement
From the NGFR [Next Generation First Responder] Integration Handbook website: "The 'NGFR Integration Handbook Version 3.0 - Part 3: Technical Supplement' primarily targets software developers and engineers to guide their modular development. It provides additional details of the data architecture for modules and their interfaces. It also presents the first responder on-body system requirements extracted from the Project Responder 4 analysis."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Science and Technology Directorate
2018-08
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Next Generation First Responder Integration Handbook, Part 2: Engineering Design
From the NGFR [Next Generation First Responder] Integration Handbook website: "The 'NGFR Integration Handbook Version 3.0 - Part 2: Engineering Design' provides specific engineering design guidance to assist industry in developing and prototyping hardware and software solutions that fulfill NGFR Apex program capability gaps. Solutions will be validated and tested by industry vendors, first responders and other stakeholders."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Science and Technology Directorate
2018-08
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Next Generation First Responder Integration Handbook, Part 1: Introduction
From the NGFR [Next Generation First Responder] Integration Handbook website: "The 'NGFR Integration Handbook Version 3.0 - Part 1: Introduction' is intended for executive audiences who do not necessarily have technical knowledge. It provides an introduction and overview of the NGFR on-body framework and the concepts behind its modular design. It identifies the function of each of the basic modules and how they interact with agency systems."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Science and Technology Directorate
2018-08
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Toward Shared Stewardship Across Landscapes: An Outcome-Based Investment Strategy
"Managers and owners of forests across the Nation face urgent challenges, among them catastrophic wildfires, invasive species, drought, and epidemics of forest insects and disease. Of particular concern are longer fire seasons and the rising size and severity of wildfires, along with the expanding risk to communities, natural resources, and the safety of firefighters. Accordingly, at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, we are rethinking our approach to land management. We will work closely with States to set landscape-scale priorities for targeted treatments in areas with the highest payoffs. For decades, we have worked with States, Tribes, local communities, and collaborative groups to reduce fuels and improve forest conditions. By offering a powerful vision for improving forest conditions across fire-prone landscapes, the National Cohesive Wildland Fire Management Strategy provides a foundation for building even stronger relationships."
United States. Department of Agriculture; United States. Forest Service
2018-08
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Tips for Healthcare Facilities: Assisting Families and Loved Ones After a Mass Casualty Incident
"This ASPR [Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response] TRACIE [Technical Resources, Assistance Center, and Information Exchange] tip sheet highlights best practices and issues related to planning for, activating, and operating hospital or healthcare facility Family Information Centers (FIC)/ Family Support Centers (FSC), in collaboration with Family Reception Centers (FRC) and Family Assistance Centers (FAC). This document provides general considerations for hospital and other community healthcare response providers during planning, response, and recovery efforts. A list of helpful resources is provided at the end of this document."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response
2018-08
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2018 SAFECOM Nationwide Survey Results: National-Level Summary
"The 'SAFECOM Nationwide Survey' (SNS) was a data collection initiative that the Department of Homeland Security Office of Emergency Communications (OEC) conducted from late 2017 thru March 2018 in order to enable the assessment of federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial governments in regards to emergency communications[.] [...] The SNS results on the following slides are national-level results of a random sample of local-level public safety organizations (law enforcement, fire, EMS, and public safety answering points [PSAPs]) from across the Nation."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. SAFECOM
2018-08
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National Level Exercise 2018: After-Action Report Executive Summary
"The findings from NLE [National Level Exercise] 2018, listed below, will contribute to the Nation's efforts to meet the National Preparedness Goal--a secure and resilient Nation with the capabilities required across the whole community to prevent, protect, mitigate, respond to, and recover from the threats and hazards that pose the greatest risk. These findings reflect exercise play and identify several opportunities for improvements to real-world operations for future hurricane response efforts. Several of these opportunities are represented in 'Recommended Outcomes' linked to each exercise objective. These statements offer suggested guidelines for departments and agencies to incorporate into their ongoing continuous improvement efforts."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2018-08
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Annual Flow Report, U.S. Lawful Permanent Residents: 2017
"A lawful permanent resident (LPR), or 'green card' recipient, is defined in immigration law as a person who has been granted 'the status of having been lawfully accorded the privilege of residing permanently in the United States as an immigrant in accordance with the immigration laws, such status not having changed.' LPRs may live and work permanently anywhere in the United States, own property, and attend schools, colleges, and universities. They may also join the Armed Forces and apply to become U.S. citizens if they meet certain additional eligibility requirements. This Office of Immigration Statistics (OIS) 'Annual Flow Report' presents information obtained from applications for LPR status on the number and characteristics of persons who became LPRs in the United States during Fiscal Year 2017."
United States. Department of Homeland Security; United States. Office of Immigration Statistics
Witsman, Katherine
2018-08
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Junior Disease Detectives: Operation Outbreak
"CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] has partnered with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and 4-H to develop 'The Junior Disease Detectives: Operation Outbreak,' a graphic novel intended to educate youth audiences about variant flu and the real disease detective work conducted by public and animal health experts when outbreaks of infectious diseases occur. This graphic novel follows a group of teenage 4-H members who participate in a state agricultural fair and later attend CDC's Disease Detective Camp in Atlanta. When one of the boys becomes sick following the fair, the rest of the group use their newly-acquired disease detective knowledge to help a team of public and animal health experts solve the mystery of how their friend became ill."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2018-08
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Full-Time Employees in Law Enforcement Agencies, 1997-2016
This report "[p]resents counts of full-time employees in general-purpose law enforcement agencies for 2016, with comparisons to prior years. General-purpose law enforcement agencies include municipal, county, and regional police departments; most sheriffs' offices; and primary state and highway patrol agencies. Results are shown by type of law enforcement agency and by sworn status. Rates of full-time sworn officers per 1,000 U.S. residents are also presented."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Hyland, Shelley S.
2018-08
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Native American Youth: Involvement in Justice Systems and Information on Grants to Help Address Juvenile Delinquency, Report to Congressional Requesters
"This report examines (1) what available data show about the number and characteristics of Native American youth in federal, state and local, and tribal justice systems; and (2) federal discretionary grant programs that could help prevent or address delinquency among Native American youth, and tribal government and Native American organizations' access to those grants. GAO (Government Accountability Office) analyzed federal, state and local, and tribal arrest, adjudication, and confinement data from 2010 through 2016 (the most recent available) from DOJ and the Department of the Interior. GAO also analyzed DOJ (Department of Justice) and HHS grant program award documentation from fiscal years 2015 through 2017, and application information for a sample of the grant programs chosen based on the amount of funding awarded and other factors. GAO also interviewed officials from DOJ, HHS, and 10 tribal governments or Native American organizations chosen to include successful and unsuccessful applicants to the grant programs, among other things."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2018-08
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Chemical Terrorism: A Strategy and Implementation Plan Would Help DHS Better Manage Fragmented Chemical Defense Programs and Activities, Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Emergency Preparedness, Response, and Communications, Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives
"Recent chemical attacks abroad and the threat of using chemical weapons against the West by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) have raised concerns about the potential for chemical attacks occurring in the United States. DHS's [Department of Homeland Security] chemical defense responsibilities include, among others, managing and coordinating federal efforts to prevent and protect against domestic chemical attacks. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to examine DHS's chemical defense programs and activities. This report examines (1) DHS programs and activities to prevent and protect against domestic chemical attacks and (2) the extent to which DHS has integrated and coordinated all of its chemical defense programs and activities. GAO reviewed documentation and interviewed officials from relevant DHS offices and components and reviewed DHS strategy and planning documents and federal laws and directives related to chemical defense."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2018-08
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Rural Hospital Closures: Number and Characteristics of Affected Hospitals and Contributing Factors, Report to Congressional Requesters
"This report describes (1) how HHS [Health and Human Services] supports and monitors rural hospitals' financial viability and rural residents' access to hospital services and (2) the number and characteristics of rural hospitals that have closed in recent years and what is known about the factors that have contributed to those closures. GAO [Government Accountability Office] reviewed documents and interviewed officials from HHS and HHS-funded research centers; analyzed data compiled by HHS and an HHS-funded research center, with a focus on 2013 through 2017--the most recent year with complete data; reviewed relevant literature; and interviewed experts and stakeholders. GAO identified hospitals as rural if they met the Federal Office of Rural Health Policy's definition of rural."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2018-08
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Bias Crime Assessment: A Tool and Guidelines for Law Enforcement and Concerned Communities
"The Bias Crime Assessment Tool (BCAT) and Guidelines aim to improve reporting of hate incidents and crimes. Informed by research, this tool is intended to be used in a wide range of settings by schools, law enforcement, victim assistance specialists, community and civil rights advocates, health care providers or social service agency staff who may be responsible for identifying and responding to victims of hate. The BCAT has two parts: Part 1 is short and meant for quick assessments; Part 2 is more in-depth."
Vera Institute of Justice
Vera Institute of Justice
2018-08
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Applying Behavior Economics to Improve Cyber Security Behaviors
"Current systems are vulnerable due to poor cyber security behaviors. The existing quantitative models of cyber risk management and cyber insurance are still based on the assumption and behave according to classical decision theories. The approach includes three major activities: 1) quantitative capturing of heuristics and biases in cyber security. 2) quantifying cyber risks, premiums, and selecting control measures to reduce premiums. 3) Transition to practice, will test, evaluate and demonstrate the efficacy of proposed models and transition results to operational environments using 'real world databases' and working with 'live' partners who eventually will be adopting the models produced."
Rome Laboratory (Griffiss Air Force Base, N.Y.); United States. Department of Homeland Security. Science and Technology Directorate
Farahmand, Fariborz
2018-08
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Quantum Technology, High Speed Encryption and Global Analysis of Networks
"The objectives of this research to address three aspects of complex communication networks. First, for point-to-point connections we will assess the resources for attacking state-of-the art block ciphers, specifically the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) with standardized key lengths and other AES finalists with a quantum computer. Second, we explore the integration of classical cryptographic techniques into the $\alpha\eta$ scheme, and the potential of 'all-or-nothing transforms' to obtain a hybrid (classical-quantum) scheme with higher throughput than αη. Finally, we will apply curvature flow to complex communication networks in 3D in order to characterize their global topological and geometric properties. We will evolve networks under curvature flow with surgery to characterize its structure. We will examine curvature heat-maps to give new insight on the realization that positive curvature regions in networks signal load balance, while negative curvature regions identify congestion in the network."
Rome Laboratory (Griffiss Air Force Base, N.Y.)
Steinwandt, Rainer; Miller, Warner Allen
2018-08
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Ground Warfare in 2050: How it Might Look
"This Technical Note offers a brief technological forecast of selected military technologies and their employment in ground warfare in the year 2050. This document is a think piece presenting the author's opinions, intended for stimulating discussion and ongoing exploration of future directions in military technology. This Technical Note revisits ideas developed in the earlier US Army Research Laboratory report of 2015 Visualizing the Tactical Ground Battlefield in the Year 2050. It also elaborates on the context of several publications in which the author investigated possible features and capabilities of future autonomous intelligent agents and robots operating on the battlefield of the future."
U.S. Army Research Laboratory
Kott, Alexander
2018-08
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Adapting the Predator-Prey Game Theoretic Environment to Army Tactical Edge Scenarios with Computational Multiagent Systems
From the abstract: "The historical origins of the game theoretic predator-prey pursuit problem can be traced back to Benda, et al., 1985. Their work adapted the predator-prey ecology problem into a pursuit environment which focused on the dynamics of cooperative behavior between predator agents. Modifications to the predator-prey ecology problem have been implemented to understand how variations to predator and prey attributes, including communication, can modify dynamic interactions between entities that emerge within that environment. Furthermore, the predator-prey pursuit environment has become a testbed for simulation experiments with computational multiagent systems. This article extends the theoretical contributions of previous work by providing 1) additional variations to predator and prey attributes for simulated multiagent systems in the pursuit problem, and 2) military-relevant predator-prey environments simulating highly dynamic, tactical edge scenarios that Soldiers might encounter on future battlefields. Through this exploration of simulated tactical edge scenarios with computational multiagent systems, Soldiers will have a greater chance to achieve overmatch on the battlefields of tomorrow."
U.S. Army Research Laboratory; Aberdeen Proving Ground (Md.)
Asher, Derrik E.; Zaroukian, Erin, 1985-; Barton, Sean L.
2018-08-01
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Pulling Back the Curtain: An Inside Look at the Islamic State's Media Organization
From the introduction: "Captured enemy material obtained by the U.S. Department of Defense in operations targeting senior Islamic State Khurasan personnel in Afghanistan and provided to the Combating Terrorism Center (CTC) provides a look inside the group's media operations. This examination comes through the lens of a number of memos and documents that communicate instructions from the Islamic State's Diwan of Central Media (central media organization in charge of the group's media operations) to those charged with coordinating the group's media efforts in Afghanistan. [...] These 13 documents provide interesting and important insights on four main topics regarding the Islamic State's media organization. The first insight is that these documents offer, for the first time, a conclusive link between the Islamic State's central media bureau and Amaq News Agency. [...] The second is that these documents show the emphasis the organization placed on producing different types of products in order to convey a broader narrative about the caliphate. [...] Third, these documents show very clearly how the Diwan of Central Media created rules, evaluations, and internal memos that were designed to strengthen the centralization of the group's media bureaucracy, solidifying the central media organization's control over what and how the local media bureaus carried on their propaganda work. [...] Finally, the documents show that the Islamic State's media organization exercises self-awareness in terms of its potential vulnerability."
Combating Terrorism Center (U.S.)
Milton, Daniel J. (Daniel James)
2018-08
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Mapping the Vulnerability of Human Health to Extreme Heat in the United States
"Spatial analyses of vulnerable locations and populations - such as people in urban areas susceptible to heat waves - have led to the utilization of maps to depict the vulnerability of populations to weather extremes. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is exploring challenges associated with mapping the vulnerability of human health to hazards associated with extreme heat, especially the lack of agreement regarding methodologies and analytic approaches that have, at times, been based on convenience or familiarity as opposed to efficacy or comparability [...] This report was designed to inform state and local health departments, community planners, emergency preparedness professionals, and other stakeholders, as they prepare maps that convey useful knowledge on exposure to extreme heat while helping to identify and implement effective adaptation strategies."
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Gamble, Janet L.; Schmeltz, Michael T.; Hurley, Bradford J. . . .
2018-08
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Native American Cultural Property: Additional Agency Actions Needed to Assist Tribes with Repatriating Items from Overseas Auctions, Report to Congressional Requesters
"Recently, overseas auction house sales of Native American cultural item shave raised concerns among tribes and the U.S. government that the items may have been taken without tribes' consent. While no comprehensive data exist on the world market for Native American cultural items, several tribes have identified items in at least 15 auctions in Paris, France, since 2012. Some tribes have sought to repatriate these items with help from the Departments of Homeland Security, the Interior, Justice, and State. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to review federal agency repatriation efforts. This report examines (1) federal agencies' actions to assist tribes in repatriating cultural items being auctioned overseas and (2) the laws that address the export, theft, and trafficking of cultural items and any challenges in proving violations of these laws."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2018-08
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Medical Surveillance Monthly Report [August 2018]
"Medical Surveillance Monthly Report (MSMR), in continuous publication since 1995, is produced by the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch (AFHSB). The MSMR provides evidence-based estimates of the incidence, distribution, impact and trends of illness and injuries among United States military members and associated populations. Most reports in the MSMR are based on summaries of medical administrative data that are routinely provided to the AFHSB and integrated into the Defense Medical Surveillance System for health surveillance purposes." This edition includes the following articles: "Contributions from the Global Emerging Infections Surveillance (GEIS) network" by Franca R. Jones; "Brief report: Pre- and post-deployment prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus colonization among U.S. Navy submariners" by Eugene V. Millar, Kristina J. St. Clair, Carey D. Schlett, Jason W. Bennett, Gina R. Virgilio, Karl C. Kronmann, and Tahaniyat Lalani; "Surveillance for norovirus and enteric bacterial pathogens as etiologies of acute gastroenteritis at U.S. military recruit training centers, 2011-2016" by Krista M. Brooks, Reza Zeighami, Christian J. Hansen, Ramona L. McCaffrey, Paul C. F. Graf, and Christopher A. Myers; "Brief report: Leptospirosis seroconversion surveillance among U.S. Army infantry forces assigned to South Korea, 2011-2014" by Hua-Wei Chen, Zhiwen Zhang, Tatyana Belinskaya, Wei-Mei Ching; and "Sampling considerations for detecting genetic diversity of influenza viruses in the DoD Global Respiratory Pathogen Surveillance Program" by Anthony C. Fries, William Gruner, and James Hanson.
Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center (U.S.)
2018-08
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Evaluation of a New Hampshire Law Enforcement Officer's Unintentional Occupational Exposure to Illicit Drugs
"In May 2018, a police chief requested a health hazard evaluation (HHE) concerning unintentional exposure to illicit drugs experienced by a law enforcement officer (LEO 1). The incident occurred during a traffic stop and law enforcement action in June 2017. [...] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there has been a 100% increase in the rate of overdose deaths involving synthetic opioids (which includes fentanyl and its analogues) in the United States from 2015-2016. It is becoming more common to find illicit fentanyl and its analogues mixed with other drugs, especially cocaine. This has raised concerns about the potential for exposure to illicit drugs among law enforcement officers (LEOs) and other emergency responders who might be exposed to illicit drugs in the course of their work. [...] In June 2018, we met with LEOs directly involved with the incident and a representative from the state's Department of Safety to discuss the incident and related 'after-action' evaluations. We also reviewed the following records: [1] Police department arrest report and photographs from the incident [2] Forensic laboratory report of materials (illicit drugs) collected during the incident [3] Emergency medical services (EMS) and emergency department (ED) records related to the incident"
Chiu, Sophia; Hornsby-Myers, Jennifer; Trout, Douglas
2018-08
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Data Protection: Actions Taken by Equifax and Federal Agencies in Response to the 2017 Breach, Report to Congressional Requesters
"CRAs [consumer reporting agencies] such as Equifax assemble information about consumers to produce credit reports and may provide other services, such as identity verification to federal agencies and other organizations. Data breaches at Equifax and other large organizations have highlighted the need to better protect sensitive personal information. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to report on the major breach that occurred at Equifax in 2017. This report (1) summarizes the events regarding the breach and the steps taken by Equifax to assess, respond to, and recover from the incident and (2) describes actions by federal agencies to respond to the breach. To do so, GAO reviewed documents from Equifax and its cybersecurity consultant related to the breach and visited the Equifax data center in Alpharetta, Georgia, to interview officials and observe physical security measures. GAO also reviewed relevant public statements filed by Equifax. Further, GAO analyzed documents from the IRS [Internal Revenue Service], SSA [Social Security Administration], and USPS [U.S. Postal Service], which are Equifax's largest federal customers for identity-proofing services, and interviewed federal officials related to their oversight activities and response to the breach."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2018-08
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Fiscal Year 2017 Entry/Exit Overstay Report
"This report provides data on expected departures and overstays, by country, for foreign travelers to the United States who entered as nonimmigrants through an air or sea port of entry (POE) and who were expected to depart in FY 2017 (October 1, 2016 - September 30, 2017). It does this by examining the number of entries, by country, for foreign travelers who arrived as nonimmigrants during this time as of October 1, 2017."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2018-08?
