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1997 Report on the Availability of Bombmaking Information
In section 709(a) of the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 ["the AEDPA"], Pub. L. No. 104-132, 110 Stat. 1214, 1297 (1996), Congress provided that, the Attorney General shall conduct a study concerning -- (1) the extent to which there is available to the public material in any medium that provides instruction on how to make bombs, destructive devices, or weapons of mass destruction; (2) the extent to which information gained from such material has been used in incidents of domestic or international terrorism; (3) the likelihood that such information may be used in future incidents of terrorism; (4) the application of Federal laws in effect on the date of enactment of this Act to such material; (5) the need and utility, if any, for additional laws relating to such material; and (6) an assessment of the extent to which the first amendment protects such material and its private and commercial distribution. Following enactment of the AEDPA a committee was established within the Department of Justice. The committee members divided responsibility for undertaking the tasks mandated by section 709. This Report summarizes the results of these efforts.
United States. Department of Justice. Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section
1997-04
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Chemical Weapons: Sustained Leadership, Along with Key Strategic Management Tools, Is Needed to Guide DoD's Destruction Program, Report to Congressional Committees
"Congress expressed concerns about the Chemical Demilitarization Program cost and schedule, and its management structure. In 2001, the program underwent a major reorganization. Following a decade long trend of missed schedule milestones, in September 2001, the Department of Defense (DOD) revised the
schedule, which extended planned milestones and increased program cost estimates beyond the 1998 estimate of $15 billion to $24 billion. GAO was asked to (1) examine the effect that recent organization changes have had on
program performance and (2) assess the progress DOD and the Army have made in meeting the revised 2001 cost and schedule and Chemical Weapons Convention
(CWC) deadlines. GAO recommends that DOD develop an overall strategy for the
Chemical Demilitarization Program that would articulate the program's mission, identify the long-term goals and objectives, delineate the roles and responsibilities of all DOD and Army offices, and establish near-term performance measures. Also, DOD should implement a risk management
approach that anticipates and influences internal and external factors that could adversely impact program performance."
United States. General Accounting Office
2003-09
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Recalibrating the U.S.-Republic of Korea Alliance
The principal focus of the papers collected in this book is the Republic of Korea (ROK)-U.S. alliance and the challenges it faces from tensions within the alliance, the effects of the alliance partners' interaction with North Korea, and the economic pressures that affect the alliance. These papers were presented at the 16th Annual Conference of the Council on U.S.-Korea Security Studies in October 2001. Because of the elapsed time, the reader could be tempted to think that the events since these papers were presented have overtaken the arguments of the presenters. This is far from the truth. Each of these papers reflects the enduring historical forces, geopolitical realities, and national interests that affect Northeast Asia, the Korean peninsula, and the ROK-U.S. alliance. The descriptions of the alliance mechanisms, the Armistice machinery, the Agreed Framework, and the economic imperatives that affect the alliance thus have continuing value. The policy recommendations are still germane and worthy of the consideration of those to whom the future of the alliance is entrusted.
Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
Morgan, Patrick M., 1940-; Boose, Donald W., Jr.; Hwang, Balbina Y.
2003-05
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Guide for Security Authorization of Federal Information Systems: A Security Life Cycle Approach
"This publication was developed by the Joint Task Force Transformation Initiative Interagency Working Group with representatives from the Civil, Defense, and Intelligence Communities in an ongoing effort to produce unified guidance and a consistent process for authorizing federal information systems to operate. […] For the past two years, NIST has been working in partnership with the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), the Department of Defense (DOD), and Committee on National Security Systems (CNSS) to develop a common information security framework for the federal government and its support contractors. The project, designated as the Certification and Accreditation (C&A) Transformation Initiative, is on target to produce a series of new CNSS policies and instructions that address risk management, security categorization, security control specification, security control assessment, and security authorization and that closely parallel the NIST security standards and guidelines developed during the past five years in response to Congressional legislation known as the Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA). The CNSS policies and instructions, when approved by the CNSS Chairman and adopted by the national security community, will represent a significant and unprecedented move toward convergence of information security standards, guidelines, and best practices across the Civil, Defense, and Intelligence Communities. NIST plans to continue this rapid convergence by incorporating new material from the CNSS publications into future updates of its core FISMA publications. The ultimate objective of the convergence activities is to develop, whenever possible and practicable, a common foundation for information security for all federal agencies and contractors supporting those agencies and diverging only when necessary to satisfy community-specific requirements."
National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)
2008-08
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Federal Agency Use of Public Key Technology For Digital Signatures and Authentication
This guidance document was developed by the Federal Public Key Infrastructure Committee to assist Federal agencies that are considering the use of public key technology for digital signatures or authentication over open networks such as the Internet.
National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)
Lyons-Burke, Kathy
2000-10
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15 CFR Parts 734, 740, 742, 770, 772, and 774: U.S. Encryption Policy: Revisions to Encryption Items; Interim Final Rule
January 14, 2000 the U.S. government published new encryption export regulations in the Federal Register that represent a fundamental change in U.S. policy. The final, currently in-force version of these rule changes can be found in the Export Administration Regulations Database.
United States. Bureau of Export Administration
2000-01-14
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Ground-Based Midcourse Defense (GMD) Validation of Operational Concept (VOC) Environment Assessment
"Within the Department of Defense, the Missile Defense Agency (MDA) (formerly the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization) is responsible for developing and testing the Ballistic Missile Defense System. There are three segments currently under development: Boost Phase Defense, Midcourse Defense, and Terminal Defense. An element of the Midcourse Defense Segment is the Ground-Based Midcourse Defense (GMD), formerly known as the National Missile Defense (NMD). The GMD is designed to protect all 50 states of the United States against limited ballistic missile attack by intercepting long-range ballistic missiles during the midcourse (ballistic) phase of their flight, before their reentry into the earth's atmosphere. The MDA completed the NMD Deployment Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) in July 2000 to support a future missile defense deployment decision. Following reviews directed by the Bush Administration, the MDA re-focused the GMD from near-term deployment to an effort to gain a higher level of confidence in GMD's capabilities through operationally realistic testing. This Environmental Assessment (EA) analyzes the potential impacts to the environment of constructing and operating a test bed to validate the GMD operational concept."
U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command
Hasley, David
2002-03-15
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Transportation Security: Federal Action Needed to Enhance Security Efforts, Statement of Peter Guerrero, Director, Physical Infrastructure Issues, Testimony before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation United States Senate
"The attacks on September 11, 2001, illustrate the threats to and vulnerabilities of the transportation system." GAO examined the challenges in securing the transportation system and the federal role and actions in transportation security and concluded that securing the nation's transportation system is fraught with challenges. The transportation system crisscrosses the nation and extends beyond our borders to move millions of passengers and tons of freight each day. The extensiveness of the system as well as the sheer volume of passengers and freight moved makes it both an attractive target and difficult to secure. Addressing the security concerns of the transportation system is further complicated by the number of transportation stakeholders that are involved in security decisions, including government agencies at the federal, state, and local levels and thousands of private sector companies. Further exacerbating these challenges are the financial pressures confronting transportation stakeholders. It will take the collective effort of all transportation stakeholders to meet existing and future transportation challenges. Since September 11, transportation stakeholders have acted to enhance security. TSA has recently focused more on the security of the maritime and land transportation modes and is planning to issue security standards for all modes of transportation. DOT is also continuing their security efforts. However, the roles and responsibilities of TSA and DOT in securing the transportation system have not been clearly defined, which creates the potential for overlap, duplication, and confusion as both entities move forward with their security efforts.
United States. General Accounting Office
2003-09-09
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Out of Balance: Will Conventional ICBMs Destroy Deterrence?
In light of the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, some scholars argue that the use of extended-range weapons does not provide deterrence and invites unnecessary risks. In this article, the author contends that deploying only a small number of ICBMs will not erode US deterrence and that proposing a non-nuclear alternative of conventional ICBMs might boost, rather than erode, Russian confidence that a US nuclear strike is highly unlikely. Major topics addressed include The Fog of Deterrence, The Soviet Legacy, and The Context Today. Author concludes that by providing the United States with a nonnuclear option for prompt response at intercontinental ranges, these weapons would even increases Russian confidence that a nuclear strike by the United States against a target anywhere is the most improbable.
USAF Institute for National Security Studies
Butterworth, Robert Lyle
2001
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Shades of Sentinel? National Missile Defense, Then and Now
Due to emerging long-range missile threats, US officials are seeking changes in the ABM Treaty. However, this proposal is similar to that of the 1967 Sentinel Plan, and dangers that Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara warned against years ago could apply to current plans. Might we be making the same mistake we made 33 years ago in deploying a costly and unnecessary limited national missile-defense system? Major topics addressed in article include The Decision to Deploy Sentinel, The Ballistic Missile Threat to the United States, and Sentinel Redux? Author concludes that there should be a clearer understanding about the ICBM threat.
USAF Institute for National Security Studies
Costanzo, Charles Edward
2001
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Achieving Unity of Effort: A Challenge in Domestic Support Operations
Domestic Support Operations (DSO) have never been considered a primary mission for the United States military; however, recent experiences of the past decade indicate that the military role is not only a likely one, but also an expanding one. The purpose of this study is to examine the elements of unity of effort in DSO, how they apply in an interagency environment, and what needs to be done in order to respond to potential civil emergencies of the future. The study includes a review of policy and doctrine and examines several case studies: the Federal response to the L.A. Riots of 1992; a brief excursion to the Hurricane Andrew relief effort also in 1992; and military support to the 1996 Atlanta Olympics. The case studies are examined using the author's delineated components of unity of effort as focal points (criteria) for analysis: coordination, cooperation, consensus, and common focus. The study concludes that much progress has been made in enhancing interagency unity of effort since the civil emergencies of 1992. However, new asymmetric transnational threats in the form of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD), loom on the horizon. Planning for the 1996 Olympics laid the groundwork to address both crisis and consequence management as components of the Federal response to the detonation of a Weapon of Mass Destruction. Much work still remains in order to develop and integrate local, State, and Federal capabilities and ensure a unity of effort that the American people expect of their government and military.
Army War College (U.S.)
Madden, Robert W.
1998-03-09
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Management Costs Associated with the Defense Enterprise Fund
"This report is being issued to provide lessons learned for managing enterprise funds. The Cooperative Threat Reduction Program was initiated in FY 1992 to reduce the threat posed by weapons of mass destruction remaining in the former Soviet Union. In June 1994, DoD established the Defense Enterprise Fund to assist Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Ukraine in the privatization of defense industries and conversion of military technologies and capabilities for civilian use. The National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year 1994, section 1204 (22 U.S.C. 5953), authorized the President to designate Demilitarization Enterprise Funds to receive grants and use those grants for financially supporting demilitarization of industries and converting military technologies and capabilities to civilian activities. The law required that the President consult with the Department of State and the U.S. Agency for International Development to ensure that the terms of any such grants were consistent, to the maximum extent practicable, with grants awarded to enterprise funds established under the Support for East European Democracy Act of 1989 (Public Law 101-179 22 U.S.C. 5421). The authority and requirements established under the National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year 1994, section 1204, were subsequently delegated to the Secretary of Defense. The Defense Enterprise Fund was created under the authority delegated to the Secretary of Defense. The DoD and Department of State provided funding of $66.7 million to the Defense Enterprise Fund through a grant. Inspector General, DoD, Report No. D-2000-176, "Defense Enterprise Fund," August 15, 2000, discusses reasons why the value of investments decreased from $38.3 million to $31.3 million* as of March 2000. As of September 30, 2000, the total value of the Defense Enterprise Fund was $ 15.2 million, including $11.0 million of investments."
United States. Department of Defense. Office of the Inspector General
2001-12-31
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Export Controls: Clarification of Jurisdiction for Missile Technology Items Needed, Report to the Subcommittee on Readiness and Management Support, Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate
"The U.S. government has long been concerned about the growing threat to U.S. interests from the proliferation of missiles, their components, and related technologies. These missiles can deliver chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons of mass destruction. In an effort to address these concerns, the United States has committed to work with other countries through the Missile Technology Control Regime to control the export of missile-related items. With the passage of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991, the Congress amended existing export control statutes to strengthen missile-related export controls, consistent with the U.S. government's commitments to the Regime. Under the amended statutes, the Departments of Commerce and State share primary responsibility for controlling exports of Regime items. The Commerce Department is required to control Regime items that are dual-use (those having both military and civilian uses) on its export control list the Commerce Control List. All other Regime items are to be controlled by the State Department on its export control list the U.S. Munitions List."
United States. General Accounting Office
2001-10-09
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Defense Acquisition Decision Nears on Medium Extended Air Defense System, Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Military Research and Development Committee on National Security, House of Representatives
"The Department of Defense (DOD) entered into an international agreement with Germany and Italy to acquire the Medium Extended Air Defense System (MEADS), a system that would defend maneuver force assets from theater ballistic and cruise missiles and various manned and unmanned aircraft. As you requested, we reviewed the MEADS program. Specifically, this report (1) discusses the unique capabilities that MEADS will add to U.S. air and missile defense, (2) evaluates the development cost of MEADS and its affordability within the expected ballistic missile defense budget, and (3) assesses the impact that international development will have on MEADS cost and capability."
United States. General Accounting Office
1998-06-12
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Emergence of Iranian Sea Power
This paper examines the intent of Iran's sea power strategy, and finds that it is a definitive component of a coherent national security strategy of strategic deterrence designed to protect its strategic center of gravity--its oil. Furthermore, as the operative component of its national security strategy, Iran's national military strategy focuses on deterrent regime of weapons of mass destruction, and a credible deterrent sea denial capability to threaten the Gulf shipping. Iran's sea denial capability stems from the six components of its sea power force structure: submarines, mines, coastal-based antiship cruise missiles, missile armed corvettes, naval special warfare forces and maritime strike Air Force. While not in its interest to actually carry out, Iran's potential threat to Gulf shipping is the source of its freedom to maneuver. Iran's sea power strategy has contributed to its reemergence as the dominant power in the Gulf and the reassertion of its perceived role as a Pan-Islamic leader in the region. Of significance, Iran conceives the United States policy of "dual containment" as a major threat.
Naval War College (U.S.)
Laquinta, Philip G.
1998-02-13
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Role of the Plans, Operations and Medical Intelligence (POMI) officer on the Component and Unified-level Staff
Unprecedented threats in global disease endemicity, frightening advancements in weapons technology, and the horrific specter of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) can and will have an enormous impact on the health and welfare of the American Military without proper intelligence and planning considerations. The plans, Operations and Medical Intelligence (POMI) Officer provides the theater-level commander with vital information on the health service support (HSS) requirements, based on theater medical intelligence estimates and an assessment of the potential public health impact on the conduct of operations, in that commander's area of responsibility (AOR). This paper will focus on the roles and functions of the Plans, Operations and Medical Intelligence Officer, and will assess the importance of this function on major theater staffs.
Naval War College (U.S.)
Marghella, Pietro D.
1998-02-13
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America's Military Priorities
"We remain in transition to a new international system following the Cold War, a transition that is likely to last through the decade. The nature of the new system will be determined largely by the health of America's alliances with Europe and Japan, by the outcome of Russian and Chinese transitions, and the rate of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Developing a new grand strategy to replace containment has proven difficult precisely because the system remains in transition. Both the Bush and Clinton administrations have struggled with their international vision. The Bottom Up Review was developed in the context of a strategy of "Engagement and Enlargement" that emerged as speeches during the first nine months of 1993. The crises with Iraq and North Korea in the autumn of 1994 confirmed the validity of the two major regional conflict threat envisioned by the Bottom Up Review. That concept may need to be amended in time, but it is appropriate for the interim. "
National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies
1995-02
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American Centurions: Developing U.S. Army Tactical Leadership for the Twenty-First Century
The U.S. Army faces many challenges in the near future. Central to success in overcoming these challenges is the ability to develop tactical leaders capable of achieving Objective Force concepts. The course of Operation Enduring Freedom demonstrates that units have already put into practice Objective Force concepts in Afghanistan. The U.S. Army's vision of the future justifies moving towards a new operational doctrine. The threats posed by global instability and weapons of mass destruction affect the U.S. much more than in the past. Accordingly, the Objective Force doctrine provides the nation the capability to respond to a varying array of threats. Much more than attempting just organizational or technological change, the Objective Force concept aims to transform the U.S. Army's model of operations. This is the essence of a Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA). Past RMA's achieved success when leaders exploited technological advances. In the case of the First World War German Army, Second World War U.S. Army and Post-Vietnam U.S. Army, military forces developed and practiced transformations of doctrine before material and organizations evolved. Leaders made this possible. The key to success in executing transformational doctrine before all the enablers have developed is leader competence. Theory and practice associate a leader's level of competence with experience. Experience does not equal competence, but competence is not possible without experience. Objective Force leaders need augmented competence to overcome full spectrum global threats. Developing competent leaders for the Objective Force represents a significant challenge for the U.S. Army in the Twenty-first Century. Leaders require larger skill sets to achieve the Objective Force characteristics: responsiveness, deployable, agile, versatile, lethal, survivable and sustainable.
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Watson, Timothy F.
2002-05-17
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Military Commissions, Past and Future
The detention of suspected terrorists has raised questions about how they will be held accountable for their alleged crimes. President George W. Bush authorized the use of military commissions to try non-U.S. citizens involved in terrorist activities. Authors examine the role of military commisions in the U.S. Army's history. Major topics of article include "The Mexican-American War to Reconstruction," "The Indian wars to World War II," "World War II," "Contemporary Litigation," and "The Uniform Code of Military Justice."
USAF Institute for National Security Studies
Prescott, Jody; Eldridge, Joanne
2003-03-04
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Security Problem in the Great Lakes Region and the Horn of Africa: Proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons
One of the greatest challenges to the governments of the Great Lakes region and the Horn of Africa is the control of proliferation and use of illicit small arms and light weapons. Considering the number of deaths caused by these weapons compared to those caused by other conventional types, such weapons could be renamed "weapons of mass destruction". The devastating negative effects of illicit arms and light weapons on peace, security and stability in the society need to be addressed. There are national, regional and international initiatives currently in place to address the menace including the United Nations sponsored world conference on control of proliferation of illicit small arms and light weapons held in New York in July 2001. This paper will define small arms and light weapons, address the origin, causes and effects of proliferation, trafficking and use of illicit small arms and light weapons in the Great Lakes region and the Horn of Africa. It will also suggest possible short and long term strategic approaches to solve the problem.
Army War College (U.S.)
Chebbet, Philip K.
2002
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Partnering for Hemispheric Security: A Combined Regional Operations Center in Brazil
Brazil is crucial to maintaining the security and stability of South America, a continent vital to the defense of the Western Hemisphere. Colonel Krause presents a provocative proposal for building a stronger alliance with Brazil through a combined regional operations center. Such a center could yield productive partnerships with both Brazil and other nations in the region, as well as facilitate multinational security cooperation in the heart of South America.
USAF Institute for National Security Studies
Krause, Merrick E.
2002
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Department of Defense Chemical and Biological Defense Program: Annual Report to Congress. Volume 2. April 2003
This is the second volume of a two part report to Congress on the DoD's Chemical and Biological Defense Program (CBDP). Volume I provides an assessment of the CBDP plans and programs, and Volume II provides a performance plan for the CBDP in accordance with the Government Performance and Results Act. In whole, this report was intended to assess (1) the overall readiness of the Armed Forces to fight in a chemical-biological warfare environment and steps taken and planned to be taken to improve such readiness; and (2) requirements for the chemical and biological warfare defense program, including requirements for training, detection, and protective equipment, for medical prophylaxis, and for treatment of casualties resulting from use of chemical and biological weapons.
Chemical and Biological Defense Program (U.S.)
2003-04
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Cooperative Threat Reduction: Status of Defense Conversion Efforts in the Former Soviet Union, Report to the Chariman, Committee on National Security, House of Representatives
DOD's program to convert former Soviet Union defense industries to commercial enterprises is part of the Cooperative Threat Reduction program, which DOD has supported since 1992 to reduce the weapons of mass destruction (WMD) threat. The program's priority objectives include helping to (1) destroy nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons; (2) transport and store weapons that are to be destroyed; and (3) prevent weapon proliferation. In addition to these objectives, the Cooperative Threat Reduction Act of 1993 authorized DOD to establish a program to help demilitarize former Soviet Union defense industries and convert military technologies and capabilities to commercial activities. The Soviet Union had an enormous defense industrial complex that reportedly consisted of 2,000 to 4,000 production enterprises, research and development facilities, and research institutes and employed between 9 million and 14 million people. Although the main objective of the Cooperative Threat Reduction Act focused on WMD reduction, the act did not specifically require the defense conversion program to target WMD capability. Nonetheless, DOD targeted WMD industries for conversion with the goals of stimulating foreign and domestic investment in the former Soviet Union and demonstrating that partnerships between private U.S. companies and former Soviet enterprises can succeed.
United States. General Accounting Office
1997-04
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Aerosol Optical Depth Retrieval by NPS Model Modified for SEAWIFS Input
Using visible wavelength radiance data obtained from the spaceborne Sea-viewing Wide Field of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), during the Aerosol Characterization Experiment-Asia (ACE-Asia), an analysis of aerosol optical depth (AOD) was completed by modification to the NPS AOD Model previously compiled for NOAA geosynchronous- and polar-orbiting satellites. The objective of the analysis was to calibrate the linearized, single-scatter algorithm, estimated bi-directional surface reflectance, and phase function parameters. The intent of the study was to provide enhanced temporal AOD coverage with the addition of the orbiting SeaWiFS eight-channel radiometer to the established NOAA constellation of five-channel AVHRR-equipped satellites. The work has operational significance in providing timely, accurate remote information to military operators of identification and targeting systems. Possible applications include detection and warning of international treaty violation of reducing the adverse public health effects by weapons of mass destruction of pollution advection on global weather patterns.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Brown, Brady A.
2002-03
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Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons: A Snapshot
Provides a snapshot of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) stating that OPCW is the international body created to implement the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). It further defines their basic organization, verification division, inspectorate Division, and the inspectors involved with industry verification.
United States. Bureau of Industry and Security
2002-09
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Chemical Weapons Convention: A Quick Guide
The Department of Commerce's Bureau of Industry and Security provides an overview of the chemicals monitored by the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and components of the CWC verification regime. These components include declaration and reporting requirements, and on-site inspections that are triggered when quantitative threshold activity levels are exceeded. The CWC further defines and divides chemicals into three "schedules" and "unscheduled discrete organic chemicals."
United States. Bureau of Industry and Security
2002-09
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Chlordane (C10 H6 Cl8) Chemical Protocol
Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include a wide variety of trade names: Chlordan, Chlor-Kil, CD-68, Octachlor, Termi-Ded,
Toxichlor, Topichlor, and Velsicol 1068.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2000
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Calcium Hypochlorite (CaCl2O2)/Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) Chemical Protocol
Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms of calcium hypochlorite include Losantin, hypochlorous acid, calcium salt, BK powder, Hy-Chlor, chlorinated lime, lime chloride, chloride of lime, calcium oxychloride, HTH, mildew remover X-14, perchloron, and pittchlor.
United States. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
2000
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Carbon Disulfide (CS2) Chemical Protocol
Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include carbon bisulfide, carbon sulfide, and dithiocarbonic anhydride.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2000
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Crotonaldehyde (C4 H6 O) Chemical Protocol
Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include beta-methylacrolein; propylene aldehyde; ethylene propionate; crotonic aldehyde; but-2-enal; 2-butenal; crotonal; topanel; methyl acrolein; butenal; crotonaldehyde inhibited; (E)-crotonaldehyde;
(E)-2-butenal; trans-2-butenal.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2000
