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High-Level Leadership Needed to Help Guam Address Challenges Caused by DOD-Related Growth
"In an effort to improve the U.S. military's flexibility to address conventional and terrorist threats worldwide, the Department of Defense (DOD) plans to relocate more than 8,000 Marines and an estimated 9,000 dependents from Okinawa, Japan, to Guam as well as expand other U.S. force capabilities on the island at an estimated cost of more than $13 billion. Guam is an integral part of DOD's logistical support system and serves as an important forward operational hub for a mix of military mission requirements. According to DOD, Guam provides strategic flexibility, freedom of action, and prompt global action for the Global War on Terrorism, peace and wartime engagement, and crisis response. DOD plans to begin construction on Guam during fiscal year 2010 in order to meet the desired buildup deadline of fiscal year 2014 indicated in the agreement reached by the U.S.-Japan Security Consultative Committee on October 29, 2005. As a result of the military buildup, Guam's current population of 171,000 will increase by an estimated 25,000 active duty military personnel and dependents (or 14.6 percent), to 196,000. In addition, the realignment will require additional workers to move to the island, including non-defense personnel, DOD contractors, and transient military personnel. As such, the U.S. military realignment and buildup will substantially impact Guam's community and infrastructure."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2009-04-09
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Homeland Security Advisory System: Task Force Report and Recommendations: September 2009
The U.S. Homeland Security Advisory Council published this report containing the results and recommendations from its 60-day review of the Homeland Security Advisory System. Secretary Napolitano established this task force on July 14, 2009 to conduct a review of the effectiveness of the familiar color coded national threat level regarding the risk of terrorist attacks in the United States. The report does offer suggestions to improve the current system but the councilmembers unanimously conclude that the advisory system in its current form is integral to counterterrorism efforts in the United States.
President's Homeland Security Advisory Council (U.S.)
2009-09
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Hurricane Katrina: A Nation Still Unprepared, Report of the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
"The United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs has prepared this bipartisan report to acknowledge what was done well, to identify what was done poorly or not at all, and to recommend changes in our national system for emergency response that will put local, state, federal, and private responders in a better position to provide prompt and effective relief when disaster strikes again. The Committee conducted a long and thorough investigation of these issues, and is grateful for the work of its staff of investigators, writers, researchers, and other professionals that made this report possible."
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
2006-05
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Global Strategic Assessment 2009: America's Security Role in a Changing World
The INSS has identified "eight global trends driving tomorrow's complex security environment. These trends represent challenges and in some cases opportunities for America's civilian policymakers and military leaders. These trends amount to a paradigm shift and policymakers may increasingly find themselves operating in terra incognita. To shed light on this emerging global environment, the Institute for National Strategic Studies has produced a seminal volume, Global Strategic Assessment, which details these driving trends, assesses them in regional context, and finally, offers a number of pathways for American policymakers to deal with them."
National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies
2009
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Secure Border Initiative: Technology Deployment Delays Persist and the Impact of Border Fencing Has Not Been Assessed, Statement of Richard M. Stana, Director, Homeland Security and Justice Issues, Testimony before the Subcommittee on Border, Maritime and Global Counterterrorism, Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives, September 17, 2009
This testimony from GAO Homeland Security Director Richard M. Stana addresses "the implementation of the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) Secure Border Initiative (SBI) program-a multiyear, multibillion dollar program aimed at securing U.S. borders and reducing illegal immigration. Securing the nation's borders from illegal entry of aliens and contraband, including terrorists and weapons of mass destruction, continues to be a major challenge. […] My testimony is based on a report we are publicly releasing today that is the fourth in a series of interim reports on SBI implementation. My testimony will discuss the following key issues in our report: the extent to which CBP has implemented the SBInet technology program and the impact of any delays that have occurred, and the extent to which CBP has deployed the SBI tactical infrastructure program and assessed its results. Our full report also provides a status of SBI program office staffing and the progress the office reports in achieving its human capital goals. I will conclude with some observations regarding our recommendation and DHS's response."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Stana, Richard M.
2009-09-17
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Road to Recovery 2008: Emergency Support Function #14: Long-Term Community Recovery
"The purpose of this report is to share the stories of communities affected by 2008 disasters that launched strategic recovery efforts with support from the Emergency Support Function (ESF) #14 Long- Term Community Recovery (LTCR). The ESF #14 engagements highlighted in this report are organized to emphasize the key principles of LTCR and the different types of assistance the ESF #14 LTCR Teams can provide communities. This report also highlights some of the 2008 achievements of LTCR communities affected by prior year disasters. In sum, the objectives of this report are to provide readers with an: Overview of the types of support ESF #14 LTCR provided to disaster-impacted communities in 2008; Increased understanding of LTCR concepts, benefits, and outcomes; [and] Increased awareness of ESF #14."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2009-08
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Secretary Napolitano Discusses Emergency Preparedness with National Capital Region Leaders [September 1, 2009]
"Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Secretary Janet Napolitano today met with Washington, D.C., Mayor Adrian Fenty, Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley and Virginia Governor Timothy M. Kaine to discuss coordination on emergency preparedness and response efforts in the National Capital Region (NCR). 'The National Capital Region poses unique security challenges that require close coordination between the federal government and our state and local partners,' said Secretary Napolitano. 'Mayor Fenty, Governor O'Malley, Governor Kaine and I are working together to build on the substantial progress that has been made since 9/11 to integrate our emergency response plans and capabilities to keep our Nation's capital safe.'"
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2009-09-01
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Secretary Napolitano and Administrator Fugate Mark the Beginning of National Preparedness Month [September 1, 2009]
"Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Secretary Janet Napolitano and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Administrator Craig Fugate today marked the beginning of the sixth annual National Preparedness Month--focusing on becoming better prepared for and more resilient in the face of emergencies of all kinds."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2009-09-01
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Secure Domain Name System (DNS) Deployment Guide
"To access Internet resources by user-friendly domain names rather than IP addresses, users need a system that translates domain names to IP addresses and back. This translation is the primary task of an engine called the Domain Name System (DNS). [...] The domain name data provided by DNS is intended to be available to any computer located anywhere in the Internet. This document provides deployment guidelines for securing DNS within an enterprise. Because DNS data is meant to be public, preserving the confidentiality of DNS data pertaining to publicly accessible IT resources is not a concern. The primary security goals for DNS are data integrity and source authentication, which are needed to ensure the authenticity of domain name information and maintain the integrity of domain name information in transit. This document provides extensive guidance on maintaining data integrity and performing source authentication. Availability of DNS services and data is also very important; DNS components are often subjected to denial-of-service attacks intended to disrupt access to the resources whose domain names are handled by the attacked DNS components. This document presents guidelines for configuring DNS deployments to prevent many denial-of-service attacks that exploit vulnerabilities in various DNS components."
National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)
Rose, Scott; Chandramouli, Ramaswamy
2010-04
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United States Air Force Infrastructure Energy Strategic Plan 2008
"This plan explains why the Air Force needs an energy strategy, where the Air Force is headed with its strategy, and the difference an energy strategy will make as the Air Force prioritizes and allocates its resources. This strategic plan guides the Air Force toward higher energy efficiency by understanding the environment in which we operate. [...]. The Air Force's strategic plan is built on four pillars: 1) Improve Current Infrastructure; 2) Improve Future Infrastructure; 3) Expand Renewables; and 4) Manage Cost. The pillars rest on 'enablers' such as our planning, programming, and budgeting processes; our data systems that guide our investments and decisions; and energy awareness to ensure that improvements in technology are integrated with a meaningful change in our Air Force culture."
United States. Air Force Civil Engineering Support Agency
2008
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Small Business Information Security: The Fundamentals [DRAFT]
"For some small businesses, the security of their information, systems, and networks might not be a high priority, but for their customers, employees, and trading partners it is very important. The term Small Enterprise (or Small Organization) is sometimes used for this same category of business or organization. A small enterprise/organization may also be a nonprofit organization. The size of a small business varies by type of business, but typically is a business or organization with up to 500 employees. In the United States, the number of small businesses totals to over 95% of all businesses. The small business community produces around 50% of our nation's Gross National Product (GNP) and creates around 50% of all new jobs in our country. Small businesses, therefore, are a very important part of our nation's economy. They are a significant part of our nation's critical economic and cyber infrastructure. Larger businesses in the United States have been actively pursuing information security with significant resources including technology, people, and budgets for some years now. As a result, they have become a much more difficult target for hackers and cyber criminals. Consequently, the hackers and cyber criminals are now focusing their unwanted attention on less secure small businesses. Therefore, it is important that each small business appropriately secure their information, systems, and networks. This Interagency Report (IR) will assist small business management to understand how to provide basic security for their information, systems, and networks."
National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)
Kissel, Richard
2009-10
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President Obama Signs Tennessee Disaster Declaration [August 21, 2009]
This press release announces that Obama declared a major disaster area in Tennessee and "ordered Federal aid to supplement State and local recovery efforts in the area struck by severe storms, tornadoes, straight-line winds, and flooding during the period of July 15-17, 2009." This declaration means that "Federal funding is available to State and eligible local governments and certain private nonprofit organizations on a cost-sharing basis for emergency work and the repair or replacement of facilities damaged by the severe storms, tornadoes, straight-line winds, and flooding in the counties of Chester, Clay, Decatur, Jackson, Overton, and Wayne."
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
2009-08-21
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National Guard Posture Statement 2010
"2008 was a year filled with positive change for the National Guard. The National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) of 2008... designated the National Guard Bureau (NGB) as a joint activity of the Department of Defense (DoD). The law also elevated the grade of the Chief, National Guard Bureau to the rank of General. With this new stature and an explicit linkage to the Secretary of Defense, through the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS), NGB is better positioned to represent National Guard issues and concerns at the highest levels in the DoD. The Report of the Commission on the National Guard and Reserves and NDAA 2008 both identified the need for a new NGB charter. After almost a year of close collaboration among NGB, the Combatant Commanders, the CJCS, the Armed Services, and the DoD staff, Secretary Robert M. Gates signed DoD Directive 5105.77, National Guard Bureau. This... directive formally lays out the full scope of NGB's functions, roles, and authorities - embedding NGB in DoD's strategic processes. It is sound DoD policy. The depth provided by the National Guard is no longer the 'once in a lifetime' use of a strategic reserve as envisioned during the Cold War. The National Guard has become an operational force that is an integral part of the Army and Air Force; it is populated by seasoned veterans with multiple deployments in support of operations in Iraq, Afghanistan, the Balkans, and many other locations around the world. In addition to the thousands of National Guard Soldiers and Airmen currently activated for ongoing federal missions, the National Guard provides significant response to unexpected contingencies."
United States. National Guard Bureau
2009
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National Guard Posture Statement 2009
"The President, Congress, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretaries of the Army and Air Force, the Governors and the Adjutants General all agree: The country needs a National Guard that is manned, resourced, ready, and structured to meet the security challenges of the 21st century. [...] Our greatest resources are our Citizen-Soldiers and Airmen. [...] Hundreds of thousands of our Soldiers and Airmen have deployed to the warfight -- many more than once. At one point in this war, National Guard members made up about half of the ground combat forces in Iraq. Even in the face of increased deployments, shorter dwell times, and extended separations from families and civilian employers, we are retaining members of the National Guard at extraordinary rates. Our recruiting numbers are equally impressive. [...] When looking at the readiness levels of the National Guard, it is important to consider two of the core elements of readiness: equipment and personnel. Our objective for the Army and Air National Guard is to have modern equipment on a par with that of the Title 10 forces."
United States. National Guard Bureau
2008
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National Guard 2008 Posture Statement
September 11, 2001 "marked the beginning of a no-notice transformation of the National Guard, as our nation entered a new era - an era marked by suicide bombers, radical terrorists and a global threat very different than anything seen before. For the minutemen and women of the National Guard, it was a call to arms, and they have been answering that call to support and defend America and its freedoms and our very way of life every day since. [...] We had to recognize that our demonstrated ability to immediately respond, deploy and employ our forces on the home front for 370 years needed to grow to include the same capability in our federal missions. September 11, 2001 marked the birth of the full-spectrum, global Minuteman. Full spectrum readiness means homeland defense in depth. The historic and traditional Guard homeland defense mission had taken on a global importance while remaining the very foundation of American freedom. The Guard had to expand its readiness, agility and accessibility portfolios to include operations across the full spectrum of engagements. [...] In just the last five years, the Guard has conducted a staggeringly diverse set of missions--from traditional state missions like military support to civil law enforcement and supporting civil agencies in local crisis and consequence management, to national-level missions like providing regional consequence management capabilities, conducting counter-narcotics missions, airport, border, and critical infrastructure security, to air sovereignty and ballistic missile defense of the homeland."
United States. National Guard Bureau
2007
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Smart Management Results in More Than $240 Million in Recovery Act Funding for Enhanced Security at Airports Across the Nation [August 26, 2009]
"Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Secretary Janet Napolitano today announced more than $240 million in American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funding for new in-line baggage handling systems at 10 additional airports across the country. These new projects were made possible by the Transportation Security Administration's (TSA) cost assessment and negotiation process, which resulted in reductions in project costs for the airports originally in the pipeline for ARRA funding. TSA's efforts reflect Secretary Napolitano's ongoing commitment to creating a culture of efficiency at DHS through the Department-wide Efficiency Review she launched in March to eliminate waste and redundancies while identifying cost savings opportunities and streamlining operations. 'By managing our Recovery Act funds responsibly, we are able to stretch our resources even further to deploy new security equipment to more airports across the country,' said Secretary Napolitano. 'These state-of-the-art baggage systems will inject critical resources into local communities while making travel safer.'"
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2009-08-26
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Secretary Napolitano Highlights DHS' Strong Commitment to Veterans at American Legion Conference [August 26, 2009]
"Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Secretary Janet Napolitano today delivered remarks at the 2009 American Legion National Conference, highlighting the Department's ongoing outreach to American veterans and announcing her commitment to employ 50,000 veterans at DHS by 2012. 'The men and women of the armed services work tirelessly every day to ensure the safety and security of the American people,' said Secretary Napolitano. 'We are honored by the thousands of veterans working at DHS whose unique experience and extraordinary dedication strengthen the Department's efforts to protect our nation from threats and prepare for disasters.'"
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2009-08-26
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Information Technology Sector Baseline Risk Assessment
"Threats to the IT Sector are complex and varied. In addition to the risks presented by natural hazards-such as catastrophic weather or seismic events-the IT Sector also faces threats from criminals, hackers, terrorists, and nation-states, all of whom have demonstrated a varying degree of capabilities and intentions to attack critical IT Sector functions. Additionally, manmade threats to the IT Sector are also rapidly evolving from simple automated worms and viruses to complex social engineering attacks that exploit known and unknown vulnerabilities in products and services developed by the IT Sector. While existing security and response capabilities mitigate many of these threats, the IT Sector still faces Sector-wide risks to its ability to provide hardware, software, and services to other CIKR sectors. Due to the IT Sector's high degree of interdependency with other CIKR sectors and the continuously evolving threat landscape, assessing vulnerabilities and estimating consequence is difficult. Therefore, these issues must be dealt with in a collaborative and flexible framework that enables the public and private sectors to enhance the resiliency and security of the critical IT Sector functions. The IT Sector Baseline Risk Assessment evaluates risk to the IT Sector and focuses on critical IT Sector functions. The assessment methodology is not intended to be guidance for individual entities' risk management activities. Instead, the IT Sector's Baseline Risk Assessment is intended to provide an all-hazards risk profile that IT Sector partners can use to inform resource allocation for research and development and other protective program measures to enhance the security and resiliency of the critical IT Sector functions."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2009-08
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Hurricanes...Unleashing Nature's Fury: A Preparedness Guide (Revised January 2007)
"The term hurricane has its origin in the indigenous religions of past civilizations. The Mayan storm god was named Hunraken. A god considered evil by the Taino people of the Caribbean was called Huracan. Hurricanes may not be considered evil but they are one of nature's most powerful storms. Their potential for loss of life and destruction of property is tremendous. Those in hurricane-prone areas need to be prepared for hurricanes and tropical storms. Even inland areas, well away from the coastline, can experience destructive winds, tornadoes and floods from tropical storms and hurricanes. [...]. Warnings issued from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Hurricane Center and Central Pacific Hurricane Center continue to improve and provide timely predictions to help reduce loss of life and mitigate property loss in the United States. Despite improved warnings, property damage continues to increase due to the growing population on our coastlines. Federal agencies, such as the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and organizations such as the American Red Cross, have combined with state and local agencies, rescue and relief organizations, the private sector and the news media to improve preparedness efforts."
United States. Department of Commerce; United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; United States. National Weather Service
2007-01
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DHS and the Information Technology Sector Coordinating Council Release Information Technology Sector Baseline Risk Assessment [August 25, 2009]
"The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Information Technology Sector Coordinating Council (IT SCC) today released the IT Sector Baseline Risk Assessment (ITSRA) to identify and prioritize national-level risks to critical sector-wide IT functions while outlining strategies to mitigate those risks and enhance national and economic security. 'The IT Sector Baseline Risk Assessment is an example of what can happen when public and private sector partners work together and represents a major step forward in mitigating risks to critical infrastructure functions that are essential to both homeland and economic security,' said DHS Assistant Secretary for Cybersecurity and Communications Gregory Schaffer. 'While elements of the assessment have already been adopted, the establishment of this iterative platform for assessing IT sector risk will also enable us to address ever more sophisticated threats.'"
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2009-08-25
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Secretary Napolitano and FEMA Administrator Fugate Unveil New Ads to Encourage Emergency Preparedness [September 2, 2009]
"Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Secretary Janet Napolitano today joined with Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Administrator Craig Fugate and the Ad Council to launch a new series of Ready Campaign public service advertisements (PSAs) designed to encourage all Americans to take steps to prepare for emergencies, kicking off September's National Preparedness Month. 'Preparedness is a shared responsibility that begins with the American people,' said Secretary Napolitano. 'These public service advertisements highlight the simple steps everyone can take to prepare for disasters, enhancing the safety and security of our country.'"
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2009-09-02
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Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Tropical Cyclones from 1851 to 2006 (and Other Frequently Requested Hurricane Facts)
"This technical memorandum lists the deadliest tropical cyclones in the United States during 1851-2006 and the costliest tropical cyclones in the United States during 1900-2006. The compilation ranks damage, as expressed by monetary losses, in three ways: 1) contemporary estimates; 2) contemporary estimates adjusted by inflation to 2006 dollars; and 3) contemporary estimates adjusted for inflation and the growth of population and personal wealth (Pielke et al. 2007) to 2006 dollars. In addition, the most intense (i.e., major1 ) hurricanes to make landfall in the United States during the 156-year period are listed. Some additional statistics on United States hurricanes of this and previous centuries, and tropical cyclones in general, are also presented."
United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Rappaport, Edward N.; Landsea, Christopher W.; Blake, Eric S.
2007-04
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Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Support to Humanitarian Relief Operations within the United States: Where Everyone is in Charge
"Intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) support to humanitarian relief operations within the United States has been a hot topic of discussion among the leadership of the military, federal government, and state governments since Hurricane Katrina. These organizations have deemed ISR support essential to conducting timely, effective, and responsive relief operations. However, ISR support to humanitarian relief operations within the United States suffers due to a lack of unity of command and a lack of unity of effort within NORTHCOM, its subordinate units, and its interagency partners. NORTHCOM must improve its operational ISR support by developing pre-existing ISR plans, establishing standing command relationships, improving information sharing through interoperable communications, creating a liaison officer plan, reviewing legal restrictions and modifying them if necessary, and developing and conducting more frequent and challenging exercises. These improvements will allow ISR support to be more effective during humanitarian relief operations within the United States."
Naval War College (U.S.)
Sovada, Jennifer P.
2009-04-23
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Privacy Impact Assessment for the Border Searches of Electronic Devices
"With changes in technology over the last several decades, the ability to easily and economically carry vast amounts of information in electronic form has risen dramatically. The advent of compact, large capacity, and inexpensive electronic devices, such as laptop computers, thumb drives, compact disks (CD), digital versatile disks (DVD), cell phones, subscriber identity module (SIM) cards, digital cameras, and other devices capable of storing electronic information (hereinafter 'electronic devices') has enabled the transportation of large volumes of information, some of which is highly personal in nature. When these devices are carried by a traveler crossing the U.S. border, these and all other belongings are subject to search by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to ensure the enforcement at the border of immigration, customs, and other federal laws. In particular, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) may conduct border searches of such electronic devices as part of CBP's mission to interdict and ICE's mission to investigate violations of federal law at and related to the Nation's borders. CBP Officers and ICE Special Agents conduct border searches of electronic devices to determine whether a violation of U.S. law has occurred."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2009-08-25
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CBP Directive 3340-049: Border Search of Electronic Devices Containing Information
"To provide guidance and standard operating procedures for searching, reviewing, retaining, and sharing information contained in computers, disks, drives, tapes, mobile phones and other communication devices, cameras, music and other media players, and any other electronic or digital devices, encountered by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) at the border, both inbound and outbound, to ensure compliance with customs, immigration, and other laws that CBP is authorized to enforce. These searches are part of CBP's long-standing practice and are essential to enforcing the law at the U.S. border. Searches of electronic devices help detect evidence relating to terrorism and other national security matters, human and bulk cash smuggling, contraband, and child pornography. They can also reveal information about financial and commercial crimes, such as those relating to copyright, trademark and export control violations. Finally, searches at the border are often integral to a determination of admissibility under the immigration laws."
U.S. Customs and Border Protection
2009-08-20
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ICE Directive 7-6.1: Border Searches of Electronic Devices
"This Directive provides legal guidance and establishes policy and procedures within U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) with regard to border search authority to search, detain, seize, retain, and share information contained in electronic devices possessed by individuals at the border, the functional equivalent of the border, and the extended border to ensure compliance with customs, immigration, and other laws enforced by ICE. This Directive applies to searches of electronic devices of all persons arriving in, departing from, or transiting through the United States, unless specified otherwise. This Directive applies to border search authority only. Nothing in this Directive limits the authority of ICE Special Agents to act pursuant to other authorities such as a warrant, a search incident to arrest, or a routine inspection of an applicant for admission."
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
2009-08-18
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 3360: Cruise Vessel Security and Safety Act of 2009
"H.R. 3360 would address the safety of passengers and crew members on cruise vessels. The bill would require the U.S. Coast Guard to promulgate safety regulations, develop training curricula for cruise-ship personnel, and establish certification and inspection procedures to facilitate enforcement. Based on information provided by the agency and assuming the availability of appropriated funds, CBO estimates that those activities would cost about $5 million over the 2010-2014 period. The bill also would establish new criminal and civil penalties, but CBO estimates that any resulting new revenues (from penalties) or related direct spending (of criminal penalties from the Crime Victims Fund) would be less than $500,000 annually. The bill contains no intergovernmental mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) and would impose no costs on state, local, or tribal governments. H.R. 3360 would impose private-sector mandates, as defined in UMRA, on owners and operators of certain cruise vessels that use U.S. ports. Cruise lines that own and operate those vessels would be required to meet certain safety standards, post information about the location of U.S. embassies and consulates for countries on the voyage itinerary, and limit crew access to passenger cabins. The bill also would require cruise lines to maintain a log book of alleged crimes, report suspected criminal activities that occur on their vessels to the appropriate law enforcement authorities, and provide online access to data on criminal acts that occur on cruise vessels."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2009-08-19
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Overview of the CARVER Plus Shock Method for Food Sector Vulnerability Assessments
"The CARVER plus Shock method is an offensive targeting prioritization tool that has been adapted for use in the food sector. This tool can be used to assess the vulnerabilities within a system or infrastructure to an attack. It allows you to think like an attacker by identifying the most attractive targets for attack. By conducting such a vulnerability assessment and determining the most vulnerable points in your infrastructure, you can then focus your resources on protecting your most vulnerable points. CARVER is an acronym for the following six attributes (discussed in further detail later) used to evaluate the attractiveness of a target for attack: Criticality -- measure of public health and economic impacts of an attack. Accessibility -- ability to physically access and egress from target. Recuperability -- ability of system to recover from an attack. Vulnerability -- ease of accomplishing attack. Effect -- amount of direct loss from an attack as measured by loss in production. Recognizability -- ease of identifying target. In addition, the modified CARVER tool evaluates a seventh attribute, the combined health, economic, and psychological impacts of an attack, or the SHOCK attributes of a target."
United States. Department of Agriculture; United States. Food and Drug Administration
2007-07-18
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Macroeconomic Impacts of the 9/11 Attack: Evidence from Real-Time Forecasting
"Estimates of the consequences of human-made and natural disasters are crucial for informing decision making by both public and private actors. The 9/11 attack stands out as a particularly important event whose consequences need to be well understood. This study evaluates the macroeconomic impacts of the 9/11 attack on U.S. real GDP growth and the unemployment rate by examining how forecasts of these variables were revised after the attack occurred. By this approach, the immediate impact of the 9/11 attack was to reduce real GDP growth in 2001 by 0.5%, and to increase the unemployment rate by 0.11% (reduce employment by 598,000 jobs.) Results are robust to controlling for how economic forecasts typically change over the course of the forecasting horizon in normal and recession years. Impacts on 2002 outcomes are more difficult to identify. Forecasted real GDP growth in 2002 fell dramatically immediately after the 9/11 attack but then recovered fully. The recovery in the forecast could have been due to unforeseen responses that mitigated the impact of the attack, but it also could have been due to erroneous forecasting and a poor understanding of how the attack would impact the economy. The forecasted unemployment rate in 2002 rose sharply immediately after the 9/11 attack, but unlike real GDP growth, it never subsequently returned to a pre-9/11 level. Forecasters seemed to have anticipated the 2002 'jobless recovery' early in that year."
United States. Office of Immigration Statistics
Roberts, Bryan W.
2009-08
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Maritime Administration and the U.S. Marine Transportation System: A Vision for the 21st Century
"The Maritime Administration is the advocate for the maritime industry within the U.S. Government. Beyond that, the Agency brings to the table considerable technical and professional experience in vessel design, construction, maintenance and repair, port operations, vessel operations and the financial acumen needed to understand industry investment capabilities and limitations. Yet, unlike other government agencies dealing in the maritime field, the Maritime Administration is not an enforcement or regulatory agency. Rather, it works in concert with industry developing best management practices and voluntary measures to enhance operation and viability of the U.S. Marine Transportation System. In recognition of its unique role with industry, and to revitalize its position as industry facilitator, the Maritime Administration recently engaged in a realignment of resources to: focus more effort and attention on the development of a seamless transportation system serving the Nation's gateways, waterways and ports, oversee the Agency's current U.S. industry support and workforce development activities effectively manage maritime assets in support of the Department of Defense; prepare for maritime emergencies; and implement best practices in the disposition of obsolete ships in the National Defense Reserve Fleet, and address growing regulatory and compliance challenges facing the maritime community in areas affecting environment, security and safety. This realignment is, in reality, the embodiment of, and tangible commitment to achieving the Maritime Administration's 'Vision for the 21st Century.'"
United States. Maritime Administration
2007-11
