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SBA Veterans Assistance Programs: An Analysis of Contemporary Issues [October 10, 2018]
"Several federal agencies, including the Small Business Administration (SBA), provide training and other assistance to veterans seeking civilian employment. For example, the Department of Defense(DOD), in cooperation with the SBA, Department of Labor, Department of Veterans Affairs, and several other federal agencies, operates the Transition Goals Plans Success program (Transition GPS),which provides employment information and entrepreneurship training to exiting military service members to assist them in transitioning from the military to the civilian labor force.In recent years, the unemployment rate among veterans as a whole has generally been similar to or lower than the unemployment rate for nonveterans 18 years and older. However, veterans who have left the military since September 2001 have experienced higher unemployment than other veterans and, in some years, higher unemployment than nonveterans. As a result, Congress has focused much of its attention on finding ways to assist veterans who have left the military since September 2001."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Dilger, Robert Jay, 1954-; Lowry, Sean
2018-10-10
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Air Force Readiness: Actions Needed to Rebuild Readiness and Prepare for the Future, Statement of John H. Pendleton, Director, Defense Capabilities and Management, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Readiness and Management Support, Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate
"The 2018 National Defense Strategy emphasizes that restoring and retaining readiness across the entire spectrum of conflict is critical to success in the emerging security environment. Air Force readiness has steadily declined primarily due to the persistent demand on a fleet that has aged and decreased in size since the 1990s. The Air Force is working to both rebuild the readiness of its forces and modernize its aging fleet to meet future threats. However, according to the Air Force, its readiness goals will take years to achieve as it continues to be challenged to rebuild readiness amid continued operational demands. This statement provides information on Air Force (1) readiness and management challenges including personnel, equipment, training, and organization and utilization, and (2) plans to grow and modernize its force in the context of readiness recovery across DOD. Also, GAO [Government Accountability Office] summarizes recommendations to address these challenges and actions taken by the Air Force."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2018-10-10
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Remarks at a Briefing by Secretary of Homeland Security Kirstjen M. Nielsen and Federal Emergency Management Agency Administrator W. Brock Long on Hurricane Michael and an Exchange with Reporters, October 10, 2018
This document contains remarks by the President of the United States at a briefing by Secretary of Homeland Security Kirstjen M. Nielsen and Federal Emergency Management Agency Administrator W. Brock Long on Hurricane Michael and an exchange with reporters on October 10, 2018.
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Trump, Donald, 1946-
2018-10-10
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Combatting the Terrorist Threat Through Agility, Persistence, and Resilience, Statement of Russell Travers, Acting Director of the National Counterterrorism Center, Hearing Before the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, October 10, 2018
"In the years since 9/11, the U.S. counterterrorism (CT) community and its many foreign and domestic partners have continued to achieve significant successes against terrorist groups around the world through enhanced information sharing, aggressive intelligence collection, targeted military action, and terrorism prevention programs. Most notably, coalition operations against the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) in Iraq and Syria are now depriving the group of its last territorial holdings in the so-called caliphate. In addition, ongoing CT efforts across Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia continue to diminish the ranks of al-Qa'ida, removing dozens of experienced leaders and operatives. Interagency efforts to enhance our defenses and vigilance at home, including strengthened aviation security measures and border control initiatives, have resulted insubstantial progress in safeguarding the Homeland from terrorist attacks. Despite these considerable achievements, the United States faces an increasingly dynamic terrorist threat from a more diverse range of groups who continue to explore methods to defeat our defenses and strike the West. Terrorists are responding to recent setbacks by adapting their tactics, seeking out alternate safe havens, and using new technologies to recruit and train the next generation of terrorists. Such trends make for a more dispersed, fluid, and unpredictable terrorist threat that requires a persistent and agile U.S. response to mitigate. Given the challenging national security landscape that confronts the United States today, the relative priority attributed to the terrorist threat is being reevaluated. Nevertheless we will need to ensure that we maintain the many improvements made across the government in countering terrorism since 9/11."
National Counterterrorism Center (U.S.)
Travers, Russ
2018-10-10
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Social Media Adoption by Members of Congress: Trends and Congressional Considerations [October 9, 2018]
"This report examines Member adoption of social media broadly. Because congressional adoption of long-standing social media platforms Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube is nearly ubiquitous, this report focuses on the adoption of other, newer social media platforms. These include Instagram, Flickr, and Google+, which have each been adopted by at least 2.5% of Representatives and Senators. Additionally, Members of Congress have adopted Snapchat, Medium, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Periscope, and Tumblr at lower levels. This report evaluates the adoption rates of various social media platforms and what the adoption of multiple platforms might mean for an office's social media strategy. Data on congressional adoption of social media were collected by an academic institution in collaboration with the Congressional Research Service during the 2016-2017 academic year. This report provides a snapshot of a dynamic process. As with any new technology, the number of Members using any single social media platform, and the patterns of use, may change rapidly in short periods of time. As a result, the conclusions drawn from these data cannot necessarily be generalized or used to predict future behavior."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Straus, Jacob R.
2018-10-09
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Defense's 30-Year Aircraft Plan Reveals New Details [October 9, 2018]
"Each year, the Department of Defense issues a 30-year aviation plan, intended to chart the direction of the aviation enterprise. This plan is typically relatively short on specifics, in part because 30 years is rather far to foresee in detail, particularly as that goes 25 years beyond official defense budget projections. By contrast, the most recent 30-year aviation plan released in April 2018 is full of details on specific programs, including cancellations, life extensions, and new starts. Some are explicit; others, between the lines. Some of the highlights follow."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Gertler, Jeremiah
2018-10-09
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Iran's Foreign and Defense Policies [October 9, 2018]
"Successive Administrations have identified Iran as a key national security challenge, citing Iran's nuclear and missile programs as well as its long-standing attempts to counter many U.S. objectives in the region. Director of National Intelligence Dan Coats, in his February 13, 2018, annual worldwide threat assessment testimony before Congress, assessed that 'Iran will seek to expand its influence in Iraq, Syria, and Yemen, where it sees conflicts generally trending in Tehran's favor...' and 'Iran will develop military capabilities that threaten U.S. forces and allies in the region.... 'Successive National Defense Authorization Acts (NDAAs) have required an annual report on Iran's military power, which has in recent years contained assessments of Iran similar to those presented publicly by the intelligence community."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Katzman, Kenneth
2018-10-09
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Effects of U.S. Tariff Action on U.S. Aluminum Manufacturing [October 9, 2018]
"Since March 2018, the United States has assessed duties of 10% or more on certain imports of aluminum on national security grounds. The duties are controversial, with some Members of Congress questioning whether the duties will encourage domestic aluminum production and whether they could adversely affect U.S. industries that use aluminum. Acting under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act (19 U.S.C.§1862, as amended), which allows the President to levy tariffs and quotas on imports found to threaten or impair U.S. national security, President Trump signed a proclamation that imposed a 10% tariff on foreign-made primary unwrought aluminum and certain semifinished aluminum products effective March 23, 2018. Although aluminum manufactured in certain countries was initially exempted, most exemptions expired on June 1, 2018, thereby extending the tariff to key sources of aluminum imports, including Canada, the leading import source of primary unwrought aluminum in to the United States. Argentina, which agreed to a quota,and Australia are the only two countries that have been permanently exempted. The tariff has no set expiration date; it can be removed at any time. On August 10, 2018, the President announced in a tweet he had authorized an increase of the tariff on aluminum from Turkey to 20%, but he has not yet signed a Section 232 proclamation putting the higher duty into effect. The United States has also imposed sanctions on Rusal, a Russian aluminum company and the world's largest producer outside China."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Platzer, Michaela D.
2018-10-09
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Venezuela: Political and Economic Crisis and U.S. Policy [October 9, 2018]
"Venezuela remains in the throes of a deep economic and humanitarian crisis under the authoritarian rule of President Nicolás Maduro of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV). In May 2018, Maduro defeated Henri Falcón, a former governor, in a presidential election boycotted by the Democratic Unity Round table (MUD) of opposition parties and deemed illegitimateby the United States, the European Union (EU), and most Western Hemisphere countries. Maduro, narrowly elected in 2013 after the death of President Hugo Chávez (1999-2013), is unpopular. Nevertheless, he has used the courts, security forces, and electoral council to stifle opposition, which is in disarray. Maduro has cracked down further since surviving an apparent assassination attempt in August 2018."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Seelke, Clare Ribando
2018-10-09
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 6753, Strengthening the Health Care Fraud Prevention Task Force Act of 2018
From the Document: "H.R. 6753 would amend the Social Security Act to establish a public-private partnership to detect and prevent health-care fraud. The Secretary of Health and Human Services would enter into a contract with a third party to carry out the duties of the partnership, including data analysis and sharing. A public-private partnership, including a contract with a third party, already exists to deter health-care fraud. Its membership includes several federal agencies, numerous state entities, and private firms. In CBO's [Congressional Budget Office] judgment, H.R. 6753 would codify existing agency practice and would have no budgetary effect. Enacting H.R. 6753 would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply. CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 6753 would not increase net direct spending or on-budget deficits in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2029."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-10-09
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 3309, DHS Cyber Incident Response Teams Act of 2018
"S. 3309 would codify the establishment and responsibilities of hunt and incident response teams (HIRTs) under the authority of the National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC) in the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Under the bill, HIRTs would continue to provide assistance to federal and nonfederal entities affected by malicious cyber activity. S. 3309 also would require the NCCIC to report to the Congress on HIRTs' activities at the end of each of the first four fiscal years following the bill's enactment. Using information from DHS and considering information about similar reporting requirements, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing S. 3309 would cost less than $500,000 over the 2019-2023 period; such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-10-09
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 594, National Cybersecurity Preparedness Consortium Act of 2017
"S. 594 would authorize the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to work with a consortium to assist state and local governments to prepare for and respond to cybersecurity risks and incidents. Since 2014, the department has awarded $13 million in grants to members of the National Cybersecurity Preparedness Consortium to deliver cybersecurity training and technical assistance to state and local governments. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] expects that DHS would continue to provide a similar level of support under S. 594. CBO estimates that DHS would provide $3 million in new grant funding each year, assuming appropriation of the estimated amounts. In total, implementing S. 594 would cost $15 million over the 2019-2023 period."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-10-09
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Core Capability Development Sheets: All Mission Areas
This document contains the October 2018 updates to the Core Capabilities of the the National Preparedness Goals, which includes the five main mission areas of Prevention, Protection, Mitigation, Response and Recovery.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2018-10-09
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Core Capability Development Sheets: Protection
This is the October 2018 update to the FEMA Core Capabilities of the National Preparedness Goal. These fact sheets cover the mission area of Protection which is defined as "[p]rotect our citizens, residents, visitors and assets against the greatest threats and hazards in a manner that allows our interests, aspirations and way of life to thrive." This document includes factsheets on "Planning"; "Public Information and Warning"; "Operational Coordination"; "Intelligence and Information Sharing"; "Interdiction and Disruption"; "Screening, Search and Detection"; "Access Control and Identity Verification"; "Cybersecurity"; "Physical Protective Measures"; "Risk Management for Protection Programs and Activities"; and "Supply Chain Integrity and Security".
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2018-10-09
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Core Capability Development Sheets: Recovery
This is the October 2018 update to the FEMA Core Capabilities of the National Preparedness Goal. These fact sheets cover the mission area of Recovery, which is defined as "[r]ecover through a focus on the timely restoration, strengthening and revitalization of infrastructure, housing and a sustainable economy, as well as the health, social, cultural, historic and environmental fabric of communities affected by a catastrophic incident." This document includes factsheets on "Planning"; "Public Information and Warning"; "Operational Coordination"; "Infrastructure Systems"; "Economic Recovery"; "Health and Social Services"; "Housing"; and "Natural and Cultural Resources".
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2018-10-09
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Core Capability Development Sheets: Prevention
This is the October 2018 update to the FEMA Core Capabilities of the National Preparedness Goal. These fact sheets cover the mission area of Prevention which is defined as "[p]revent, avoid or stop an imminent, threatened or actual act of terrorism." This document includes factsheets on "Planning"; "Public Information and Warning"; "Operational Coordination"; "Intelligence and Information Sharing"; "Interdiction and Disruption"; "Screening, Search and Detection"; and "Forensics and Attribution."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2018-10-09
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Core Capability Development Sheets: Mitigation
This is the October 2018 update to the FEMA Core Capabilities of the National Preparedness Goal. These fact sheets cover the mission area of Mitigation, which is defined as "[r]educe the loss of life and property by lessening the impact of future disasters." This document includes factsheets on "Planning"; "Public Information and Warning"; "Operational Coordination"; "Community Resilience"; "Long-Term Vulnerability Reduction"; "Risk and Disaster Resilience Assessment"; and "Threats and Hazard Identification".
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2018-10-09
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Core Capability Development Sheets: Response
This is the October 2018 update to the FEMA Core Capabilities of the National Preparedness Goal. These fact sheets cover the mission area of Response, which is defined as "[r]espond quickly to save lives, protect property and the environment, and meet basic human needs in the aftermath of a catastrophic incident." This document includes factsheets on "Planning"; "Public Information and Warning"; "Operational Coordination"; "Infrastructure Systems"; "Critical Transportation"; "Environmental Response/Health and Safety"; "Fatality Management Services"; "Fire Management and Suppression"; "Logistics and Supply Chain Management"; "Mass Care Services"; "Mass Search and Rescue Operations"; "On-Scene Security, Protection, and Law Enforcement"; "Operational Communications"; " Public Health, Healthcare, and Emergency Medical Services"; and "Situational Assessment".
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2018-10-09
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Strategy for Protecting and Preparing the Homeland Against Threats of Electromagnetic Pulse and Geomagnetic Disturbances
"Extreme electromagnetic incidents caused by an intentional electromagnetic pulse (EMP) attack or a naturally occurring geomagnetic disturbance (GMD, also referred to as 'space weather') could damage significant portions of the Nation's critical infrastructure, including the electrical grid, communications equipment, water and wastewater systems, and transportation modes. The impacts are likely to cascade, initially compromising one or more critical infrastructure sectors, spilling over into additional sectors, and expanding beyond the initial geographic regions. EMPs are associated with intentional attacks using high-altitude nuclear detonations, specialized conventional munitions, or non-nuclear directed energy devices. Effects vary in scale from highly local to regional to continental, depending upon the specific characteristics of the weapon and the attack profile. High-altitude electromagnetic pulse attacks (HEMP) using nuclear weapons are of most concern because they may permanently damage or disable large sections of the national electric grid and other critical infrastructure control systems. [...] For these reasons, the potential severity of both the direct and indirect impacts of an EMP or GMD incident compels our national attention. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has been actively analyzing the risk of the EMP-GMD problem set since its inception. The Strategy for Protecting and Preparing the Homeland Against Threats of Electromagnetic Pulse and Geomagnetic Disturbances (hereafter referred to as the 'DHS Strategy') represents the Department's first articulation of a holistic, long-term, partnership-based approach to confronting this challenge."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2018-10-09
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DIB Guide: Detecting Agile BS
"Agile is a buzzword of software development, and so all DoD software development projects are, almost by default, now declared to be 'agile.' The purpose of this document is to provide guidance to DoD program executives and acquisition professionals on how to detect software projects that are really using agile development versus those that are simply waterfall or spiral development in agile clothing ('agile-scrum-fall')."
Department of Defense. Office of Prepublication and Security Review
2018-10-09
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Direct Costs Associated with the U.S. Refugee Admissions Program (Fiscal Year 2017 Report to Congress)
From the Executive Summary: "The purpose of this report is to provide Congress with information regarding direct costs associated with the USRAP [U.S. Refugee Admissions Program], broken down by Department and activity for each of the fiscal years requested, 2013-2016."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2018-10-09
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After Action Report / Improvement Plan: Arkansas Nuclear One (July 17, 2018)
From the Executive Summary: "On July 17, 2018, a biennial Radiological Emergency Preparedness (REP) exercise was conducted in the rapid release plume exposure pathway emergency planning zone (EPZ) around Arkansas Nuclear One (ANO) located near Russellville, Pope County, Arkansas. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security/Federal Emergency Management Agency (DHS/FEMA) Region VI evaluated the exercise. The purpose was to assess the level of preparedness of state and local responders to react to a simulated radiological emergency at ANO. This exercise was held in accordance with DHS/FEMA policies and guidance concerning the implementation of state and local radiological emergency preparedness plans and procedures. [...] This report contains the final written evaluation of the biennial exercise. The state and local organizations, except where noted in this report, demonstrated knowledge of their emergency response plans and procedures and adequately implemented them. There were no Level I or Level 2 Findings or Plan Issues identified, however one prior Plan Issue was resolved during the exercise."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2018-10-09
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H. Doc. 115-160: Designation of Funding as an Emergency Requirement, October 9, 2018
From the Letter of President Donald Trump: "I hereby designate as an emergency requirement the amount (including the transfer of funds) so designated by the Congress in the Act pursuant to section 251(b)(2)(A) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, for the Community Development Fund. The details of this action are set forth in the enclosed memorandum from the Director of the Office of Management and Budget."
United States. Government Printing Office
2018-10-09
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FEMA Daily Operations Briefings, October 7 - 13, 2018
This document is a compilation of all the FEMA Daily Operations Briefings from October 7 - 13, 2018. The FEMA Daily Operations Briefing provides an overview of the current emergency management situation nationwide and includes a summary of current significant events, weather activity, recent emergency declarations and projections for the coming week.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2018-10-07?
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Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act's (ACA's) Risk Adjustment Program: Frequently Asked Questions [October 5, 2018]
"The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148, as amended) created a permanent risk adjustment program that aims to reduce some of the incentives insurers may have to avoid enrolling individuals who are at risk of high health care costs in the private health insurance market-- specifically in the individual (nongroup) and small-group markets. Section 1343 of the ACA established the risk adjustment program, which is designed to assess charges to health plans that have relatively healthier enrollees compared with other health plans in a given state. The program use scollected charges from plans with comparatively healthy enrollees to make payments to plans in the same state that have relatively sicker enrollees. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) administers the risk adjustment program as a budget-neutral program, so that payments made are equal to the charges collected in each state. Risk adjustment transfers are intended to account for differences in health risk among plans in each state while allowing for premium differences based on allowable rating factors."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kehres, Katherine M.
2018-10-05
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Proposed U.S. - Mexico - Canada (USMCA) Trade Agreement [October 5, 2018]
"On September 30, 2018, the United States and Canada reached an agreement for Canada to join the preliminarily agreed upon pact with Mexico to update and revise the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and to rename it the U.S. - Mexico - Canada Agreement (USMCA). Pursuant to trade promotion authority (TPA), the preliminary agreement with Mexico was notified to Congress on August 31, 2018, in part to allow for the signing of the agreement prior to Mexico's president-elect Andreas Manuel Lopez Obrador taking office on December 1, 2018. This product provides preliminary comparative analysis between the two agreements."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Fergusson, Ian F.; Villarreal, M. Angeles
2018-10-05
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Do Courts Have Inherent Authority to Release Secret Grand Jury Materials? [October 5, 2018]
"The U.S. Constitution requires that any prosecution of a serious federal crime be initiated by 'a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury.' The'[g]rand [j]ury' contemplated by the Constitution is a temporary, citizen-comprised body that obtains evidence and considers whether it is sufficient to justify criminal charges in a particular case. Though a grand jury works with federal prosecutors and functions under judicial auspices, it is considered an independent 'constitutional fixture in its own right' that 'belongs to no branch of the institutional Government, serving as a kind of buffer... between the Government and the people.' One long-established principle that has been deemed essential to the grand jury's functioning and independence is that matters occurring before it are to be kept secret. Secrecy prevents those under scrutiny from fleeing or importuning the grand jurors, encourages full disclosure by witnesses, and protects the innocent from unwarranted prosecution. For these and other reasons, prosecutors,the jurors themselves, and most others involved in grand jury proceedings are generally prohibited from revealing 'such matters as the identities or addresses of witnesses or jurors, the substance of testimony, the strategy or direction of the investigation, the deliberations or questions of jurors, and the like.'The prohibition endures even after a grand jury's work is completed."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Foster, Michael A. (Legislative attorney)
2018-10-05
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Trade Related Agencies: FY2019 Appropriations, Commerce, Justice, Science and Related Agencies (CJS) [October 5, 2018]
"This report provides an overview of the FY2019 budget request and appropriationsfor the International Trade Administration (ITA), the U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC), and the office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR). These three trade-related agencies are funded through the annual Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) appropriations act. This report also provides a review of these agencies' trade-related programs. When comparing the Administration's FY2019 request with FY2018 funding, it should be considered that the Administration formulated its FY2019 budget request before full-year appropriations for FY2018 were enacted. In this report, FY2018 funding levels reflect the amounts appropriated in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (P.L. 115-141), enacted on March 23, 2018."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hammond, Keigh E.; Villarreal, M. Angeles
2018-10-05
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Lebanon [October 5, 2018]
"Since having its boundaries drawn by France after the First World War, Lebanon has struggled to define its national identity. Its population included Christian, Sunni Muslim, and Shia Muslim communities of roughly comparable size, and with competing visions for the country. Seeking to avoid sectarian conflict, Lebanese leaders created a confessional system that allocated power among the country's religious sects according to their percentage of the population. The system continues to be based on Lebanon's last official census, which was conducted in 1932. As Lebanon's demographics have shifted over the years, Muslim communities have pushed for the political status quo, favoring Maronite Christians, to be revisited, while the latter have worked to maintain their privileges. This tension has at times manifested itself in violence, such as during the country's 15-year civil war, but also in political disputes such as disagreements over revisions to Lebanon's electoral law. To date, domestic political conflicts continue to be shaped in part by the influence of external actors, including Syria and Iran."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Humud, Carla E.
2018-10-05
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Agency Delay: Congressional and Judicial Means to Expedite Agency Rulemaking [October 5, 2018]
"Administrative agencies have long been criticized by some for taking too long to issue and implement regulations. Of course, there are often justifiable reasons cited for agencies to take time before they act. Agencies are charged with administering complex statutory schemes. Rulemakings generally follow the Administrative Procedure Act's (APA's) notice-and-comment procedure, which entails soliciting input and marshaling information from the public, subject-matter experts, and other stakeholders. It takes time to analyze that information, balance competing interests, and draft appropriate regulatory language. Agencies may have limited resources, and there may be other, more pressing matters requiring their time and attention. Some delay is necessary for reasoned decision making."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hickey, Kevin J.
2018-10-05
