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Can the President Pardon Contempt of Court? Probably Yes. [August 10, 2018]
"Few provisions in the U.S. Constitution grant the President an authority as free from legislative constraint as the Pardon Clause. It vests the President 'plenary' power to grant 'Reprieves and Pardons' for 'offences against the United States.' Plainly put, the President can 'forgive' those facing criminal liability under federal law. While the pardon power has been wielded in numerous instances throughout American history, there is limited case law interpreting it. This lack of judicial guidance, coupled with relatively limited discussion of the pardon power at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, has beget various unsettled legal questions concerning the pardon power's scope and breadth. For instance, whether the President may issue a self-pardon has been the subject of conflicting views and debate."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Thompson, Richard M., II
2018-08-10
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Glider Kit, Engine, and Vehicle Regulations [August 10, 2018]
"On October 25, 2016, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration jointly published the second phase of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fuel efficiency standards for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles and engines. The Phase 2 rule affects commercial long-haul tractor-trailers, vocational vehicles, and heavy-duty pickup trucks and vans. It phases in between model years 2018 and 2027. Under the rulemaking, EPA proposed a number of changes and clarifications for standards respecting 'glider kits' and 'glider vehicles.' A glider kit is a chassis for a tractor-trailer with a frame, front axle, interior and exterior cab, and brakes. It becomes a glider vehicle when an engine, transmission, and rear axle are added. Engines are often salvaged from earlier model year vehicles, remanufactured, and installed in the glider kit. The final manufacturer of the glider vehicle (i.e., the entity that assembles the parts) is typically a different entity than the original manufacturer of the glider kit. Glider kits and glider vehicles are produced arguably for purposes such as allowing the reuse of relatively new powertrains from damaged vehicles."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lattanzio, Richard K.; Lowry, Sean
2018-08-10
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Functional Bureau Strategy: Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation
From the Executive Statement: "The principal mission of the Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation (ISN) is to deter, contain, limit, and roll back the threats presented by the acquisition of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), related materials and technologies, and increasingly sophisticated delivery systems, and to limit or prevent the spread of destabilizing conventional weapons to state or non-state actors. In keeping with the imperative of preserving and promoting U.S. national security interests in the face of the reemergence of great power rivalry, and the challenges posed by revisionist powers on the Eurasian landmass, moreover, ISN also has the important responsibility of implementing statutory sanctions authorities against entities involved in significant transactions with the defense or intelligence sectors of the Russian government (Section 231 of the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanction Act, or CAATSA). In these regards, ISN represents in many respects the cutting edge of State Department and broader U.S. Government efforts against grave threats to U.S. national security and international peace and security more broadly - threats explicitly emphasized in the 2017 National Security Strategy, the 2018 National Defense Strategy, the 2018 Nuclear Posture Review, and the State Department-USAID [US Agency for International Development] Joint Strategic Plan for FY 2017-2022. While ISN's baseline nonproliferation responsibilities remain both constant and urgent, they have been overwhelmed by the even more urgent need to address WMD- and proliferation-related challenges in the international arena."
United States. Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation
2018-08-10
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DHS Non-Disclosure Forms and Settlement Agreements Do Not Always Include the Required Statement from the Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2012
"We conducted this review to determine whether DHS includes the 'Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2012' (WPEA) statement in non-disclosure forms, which seek to protect certain information, and personnel settlement agreements, which identify the terms and conditions of a settlement between an agency or organization and an employee on a certain issue. We are making three recommendations to ensure compliance with the WPEA and to better track settlement agreements."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2018-08-10
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, August 10, 2018
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Opioid Use Disorder Documented at Delivery Hospitalization - United States, 1999-2014"; "Naloxone Administration Frequency During Emergency Medical Service Events - United States, 2012-2016"; "Extrapulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease Surveillance - Oregon, 2014-2016"; "Vital Signs: Zika-Associated Birth Defects and Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities Possibly Associated with Congenital Zika Virus Infection - U.S. Territories and Freely Associated States, 2018"; "Update: Interim Guidance for Preconception Counseling and Prevention of Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus for Men with Possible Zika Virus Exposure - United States, August 2018"; and "QuickStats: Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Motor Vehicle Traffic Injury - United States, 2016."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2018-08-10
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Military Readiness: DOD Has Not Yet Incorporated Leading Practices of a Strategic Management Planning Framework in Retrograde and Reset Guidance
"DOD has not established a strategic policy for the retrograde and reset of equipment during contingency operations that incorporates key elements of leading practices for sound strategic management planning. In addition, DOD has not yet determined which DOD organization will lead the effort to establish a strategic policy consistent with leading practices. Furthermore, we found that there was no consensus among the officials we spoke with regarding which organization should lead the effort. We continue to believe that our May 2016 recommendation for DOD to develop a strategic policy for retrograde and reset that incorporates key elements of strategic management planning is valid."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2018-08-10
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Elephant in the Room: A Special Agent Takes on Wildlife
"According to the White House, wildlife trafficking is a multibillion-dollar business involving global criminal networks, including terrorist entities that deal in weapons, narcotics, and money laundering. [...] To address the recent spike in the slaughter of elephants - estimated at 100,000 between 2010 and 2012 - President Obama announced the National Strategy for Combatting Wildlife Trafficking initiative in February 2014, which seeks to 'increase coordination among law enforcement and intelligence agencies to enhance the effectiveness of federal efforts to combat wildlife trafficking.' While posted in Togo, Agent Noriko did just that - coordinated with other law-enforcement and intelligence agencies to help the Togolese government process what turned out to be the largest ivory seizures in West Africa's history."
United States. Department of State
2018-08-10
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Unfunded Mandates Reform Act: History, Impact, and Issues [August 10, 2018]
"The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) culminated years of effort by state and local government officials and business interests to control, if not eliminate, the imposition of unfunded intergovernmental and private-sector federal mandates. Advocates argued the statute was needed to forestall federal legislation and regulations that imposed obligations on state and local governments or businesses that resulted in higher costs and inefficiencies. Opponents argued that federal mandates may be necessary to achieve national objectives in areas where voluntary action by state and local governments and business failed to achieve desired results."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Dilger, Robert Jay, 1954-
2018-08-10
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 2503, Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act
From the Summary: "S. 2503 would amend the objectives of several programs administered by the Department of Energy (DOE). The legislation also would establish a low-dose radiation research program and recodify DOE's authority to carry out activities through its Office of Science. Assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing S. 2503 would cost $83 million over the 2019-2023 period. Enacting the legislation would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply. CBO estimates that enacting S. 2503 would not increase net direct spending or on-budget deficits in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2029. S. 2503 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-08-10
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 597, Lytton Rancheria Homelands Act of 2017
From the Document: "H.R. 597 would take into trust, for the benefit of the Lytton Rancheria of California, a federally recognized Indian tribe, certain lands located in the County of Sonoma, California. The bill would specify certain prohibitions on gaming on the affected land, consistent with an existing memorandum of understanding between the tribe and the County of Sonoma. Using information from the Bureau of Indian Affairs, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing H.R. 597 would have no significant effect on the federal budget. CBO estimates that any change in the agency's administrative costs under the bill, which would be subject to appropriation, would not exceed $500,000 annually. Enacting H.R. 597 would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply. CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 597 would not increase net direct spending or on-budget deficits in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2028."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-08-10
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 1400, Safeguard Tribal Objects of Patrimony Act of 2017
From the Document: "S. 1400 would establish a new federal crime prohibiting the export of Native American cultural items, archaeological resources, or objects of antiquity without proper authority. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] expects that the new crime would apply to a relatively small number of offenders, however, so any increase in costs for law enforcement, court proceedings, or prison operations would not be significant. Because those prosecuted and convicted under S. 1400 could be subject to criminal fines, the federal government might collect additional fines under the bill. Criminal fines are recorded as revenues, deposited in the Crime Victims Fund, and later spent without further appropriations action. CBO expects that any additional revenues and subsequent direct spending would not be significant because the legislation would probably affect only a small number of cases."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-08-10
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 1917, Sentencing Reform and Corrections Act of 2017
From the Summary: "S. 1917 would amend federal law to shorten some prison sentences associated with certain offenses and would require the establishment of several new programs intended to reduce recidivism. Using information from the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, Bureau of Prisons (BOP), Department of Justice (DOJ), and U.S. Sentencing Commission (USSC), CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing the legislation would reduce the cost of incarcerating offenders and lead to a net reduction in discretionary costs of $387 million over the 2019-2028 period, assuming future appropriation actions consistent with the projected reduction in the prison population. In addition, CBO estimates that enacting S. 1917 would result in the release of thousands of people from federal prisons earlier than would occur under current law. CBO expects that upon release many of them would receive benefits from such federal programs as Medicare, Medicaid, and the health insurance marketplaces established under the Affordable Care Act (ACA); Social Security; Supplemental Security Income (SSI); and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). As a result, CBO and the staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT) estimate that enacting the legislation would increase direct spending by $242 million and reduce revenues by $4 million over the 2019-2028 period. Pay-as -you-go procedures apply because enacting the bill would affect direct spending and revenues."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-08-10
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Department of State, Foreign Operations and Related Programs: FY2019 Budget and Appropriations [August 9, 2018]
"The Trump Administration submitted to Congress its FY2019 budget request on February 12, 2018. The proposal includes $41.86 billion for the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS). Of that amount, $13.26 billion would be for State Department operations, international broadcasting, and related agencies, and $28.60 billion for foreign operations. With the enactment of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (BBA; P.L. 115-123, February 9, 2018), which raised discretionary spending limits set by the Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA; P.L. 112-25), the Administration's FY2019 foreign affairs funding request is entirely within enduring (base) funds; no Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) funding is in the SFOPS request for the first time since FY2012."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Epstein, Susan B.; Lawson, Marian Leonardo; Gill, Cory R.
2018-08-09
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Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) in the United States [August 9, 2018]
"Carbon capture and sequestration (or storage)--known as CCS--is a process that involves capturing man-made carbon dioxide (CO2) at its source and storing it permanently underground. (CCS is sometimes referred to as CCUS--carbon capture, utilization, and storage.) CCS could reduce the amount of CO2--an important greenhouse gas--emitted to the atmosphere from the burning of fossil fuels at power plants and other large industrial facilities. The concept of carbon utilization has gained interest within Congress and in the private sector as a means for capturing CO2 and converting it into potentially commercially viable products, such as chemicals, fuels, cements, and plastics, thereby reducing emissions to the atmosphere and helping offset the cost of CO2 capture. Direct air capture is also an emerging technology, with the promise to remove atmospheric CO2 directly and reduce its concentration."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Folger, Peter (Peter Franklin)
2018-08-09
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U.S. Export Control System and the Export Control Reform Initiative [August 9, 2018]
"Difficulty with striking an appropriate balance between national security and export competitiveness has made the subject of export controls controversial for decades. Through the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), and other authorities, the United States restricts the export of defense articles; dual-use goods and technology; certain nuclear materials and technology; and items that would assist in the proliferation of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons or the missile technology used to deliver them. U.S. export controls are also used to restrict exports to certain countries on which the United States imposes economic sanctions. The Export Administration Act (EAA) legislated dual-use controls, but it has expired and such controls are presently maintained under IEEPA authorities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Fergusson, Ian F.; Kerr, Paul K.
2018-08-09
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Hazing in the Armed Forces [August 9, 2018]
"Initiation customs have long been part of the culture in the United States Armed Forces as a method to welcome new members and mark rites of passage. However, several highprofile incidents have raised congressional concern that some of these traditions may subject service members to harmful or humiliating acts. Hazing may pose a threat to trust, cohesion, safety, and health of members of the Armed Forces. Congress has oversight of this issue under Article 1, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution, which grants Congress the authority to raise and support armies, provide and maintain a navy, and to make rules relevant to their organization and discipline. Therefore, an understanding of the context of this issue and recent actions taken to counteract it may help Congress decide whether or not to address hazing in the military through oversight and legislation."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kamarck, Kristy N.; Kehn, Carolyn M.
2018-08-09
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Congress's Power over Courts: Jurisdiction Stripping and the Rule of Klein [August 9, 2018]
"Article III of the Constitution establishes the judicial branch of the federal government. Notably, it empowers federal courts to hear 'cases' and 'controversies.' The Constitution further creates a federal judiciary with significant independence, providing federal judges with life tenure and prohibiting diminutions of judges' salaries. But the Framers also granted Congress the power to regulate the federal courts in numerous ways. For instance, Article III authorizes Congress to determine what classes of 'cases' and 'controversies' inferior courts have jurisdiction to review. Additionally, Article III's Exceptions Clause grants Congress the power to make 'exceptions' and 'regulations' to the Supreme Court's appellate jurisdiction. Congress sometimes exercises this power by 'stripping' federal courts of jurisdiction to hear a class of cases. Congress has gone so far as to eliminate a court's jurisdiction to review a particular case in the midst of litigation. More generally, Congress may influence judicial resolutions by amending the substantive law underlying particular litigation of interest to the legislature."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Peck, Sarah Herman
2018-08-09
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Proposed U.S.-EU Trade Negotiations: Hitting Pause on a Trade War? [August 9, 2018]
"On July 25, 2018, the United States and European Union (EU) announced a 'new phase' in their relationship for 'freer, fairer, and more reciprocal trade.' They agreed to launch negotiations to eliminate tariffs, nontariff barriers, and subsidies on 'non-auto industrial goods,' as well as to boost trade specifically in services, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, medical products, and U.S. soybeans. Amid a potential tit-for-tat escalation of tariffs, the two sides agreed not to impose further tariffs on each other's traded products while negotiations are active and to examine current U.S. steel and aluminum tariffs. They also committed to the following: enhancing their strategic cooperation on energy to boost the EU's purchase of U.S. liquefied natural gas (LNG) to diversify its energy supply; launching a dialogue on standards and regulations to reduce exporting barriers and costs; and working with 'like-minded partners' to address unfair trade practices and World Trade Organization (WTO) reform."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Akhtar, Shayerah Ilias
2018-08-09
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Iran's Nuclear Program: Status [August 9, 2018]
"Iran's nuclear program began during the 1950s. The United States has expressed concern since the mid-1970s that Tehran might develop nuclear weapons. Iran's construction of gas centrifuge uranium enrichment facilities is currently the main source of proliferation concern. Gas centrifuges can produce both low-enriched uranium (LEU), which can be used in nuclear power reactors, and weapons-grade highly enriched uranium (HEU), which is one of the two types of fissile material used in nuclear weapons. The United States has assessed that Tehran possesses the technological and industrial capacity to produce nuclear weapons, but has not yet mastered all of the necessary technologies for building such weapons. Whether Iran has a viable design for a nuclear weapon is unclear. A National Intelligence Estimate made public in 2007 assessed that Tehran 'halted its nuclear weapons program' in 2003. The estimate, however, also assessed that Tehran is 'keeping open the option to develop nuclear weapons' and that any decision to end a nuclear weapons program is 'inherently reversible.' U.S. intelligence officials have reaffirmed this judgment on several occasions."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kerr, Paul K.
2018-08-09
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Department of Homeland Security's FY 2017 Compliance with the Improper Payments Elimination and Recovery Act of 2010
"Our objective was to determine whether the Department of Homeland Security complied with the 'Improper Payments Elimination and Recovery Act of 2010' (IPERA). Additionally, we evaluated the accuracy and completeness of DHS' improper payment reporting. We recommend that DHS' Risk Management and Assurance Division (RM&A) strengthen its oversight and review procedures for IPERA risk assessments; and follow the Office of Management and Budget's requirements to comply with IPERA."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2018-08-09
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Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI) [August 9, 2018]
"The Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI) was formed to increase international cooperation in interdicting shipments of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), their delivery systems, and related materials. The Initiative was announced by President Bush on May 31, 2003. PSI does not create a new legal framework but aims to use existing national authorities and international law to achieve its goals. Initially, 11 nations signed on to the 'Statement of Interdiction Principles' that guides PSI cooperation. As of June 2018, 105 countries (plus the Holy See) have committed formally to the PSI principles, although the extent of participation may vary by country. PSI has no secretariat, but an Operational Experts Group (OEG), made up of 21 PSI participants, coordinates activities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Nikitin, Mary Beth Dunham
2018-08-09
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EMR-ISAC: InfoGram, Volume 18 Issue 32, August 9, 2018
The Emergency Management and Response Information Sharing and Analysis Center's (EMR-ISAC) InfoGram is a weekly publication of information concerning the protection of critical infrastructures relevant to members of the Emergency Services Sector. This issue includes the following articles: "Weaponized drone attack overseas raises concerns at home"; "The Secret List turns 20 years old"; "National Bulk Cash Smuggling Center provides expertise and support"; and "IPSA Mass Casualty Symposium".
Emergency Management and Response-Information Sharing and Analysis Center (U.S.)
2018-08-09
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Disaster Relief Fund: Monthly Report as of July 31, 2018
"P.L. [Public Law] 115-72 requires that the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Administrator submit to the Appropriations Committees a report for Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria, not later than 5 days after the first day of the month beginning in the month after enactment, and to publish on the Web site the estimate or, if available, actual amount, of categories of spending for public assistance, individual assistance, operations, mitigation, administrative, and any other relevant category (including emergency measures and disaster resources) not later than 10 days after the first day of each such month. [...] Consequently, the following report elements are included: [1] Appendix A is an appropriations summary that includes a synopsis of the amount of appropriations made available by source, the transfers executed, the previously allocated funds recovered, and the commitments, allocations, and obligations; [2] Appendix B presents details on the DRF funding activities delineated by month; [3] Appendix C presents Hurricanes Sandy, Harvey, Irma, and Maria obligations and estimates by spending categories; [4] Appendix D presents funding summaries for the current active catastrophic events including the allocations, obligations, and expenditures; [5] Appendix E presents the fund exhaustion date, or end-of-fiscal-year balance; [6] Appendix F presents a bridge table that provides explanation for the monthly and baseline change for all activities to include details for catastrophic events."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2018-08-09
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Final Report on Organizational and Management Structure for the National Security Space Components of the Department of Defense
"Pursuant to Section 1601(c) of the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2018 (FY 2018), Public Law 115-91, this report follows the interim report submitted to the congressional defense committees on March 1, 2018, and provides results of a review of the organizational and management structure for the national security space components of the Department of Defense (DoD)."
United States. Department of Defense
2018-08-09
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Data Management in Disasters and Public Health Emergencies [Presentation]
This is a presentation for the 42-minute webinar, where "the speaker from the National Library of Medicine (NLM) Disaster Information Management Research Center (DIMRC) discusses the results of her project to identify open data sources and data-sharing policies used during disasters and public health emergencies. She presents a case study of sharing and collecting data around the ongoing Zika virus outbreak, and details her methodology and future research, which may include new data filters in Pub Med and Pub Med Central, and non-traditional data such as social media reports. Stacey Arnesen of DIMRC discusses Disaster Response Research (DR2) data collection tools, DIMRC resources, and future directions for NLM."
National Library of Medicine (U.S.)
Strayhorn, Nicole; Arnesen, Stacey J.
2018-08-09?
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Data Management in Disasters and Public Health Emergencies [video]
"In this 42-minute webinar, the speaker from the National Library of Medicine (NLM) Disaster Information Management Research Center (DIMRC) discusses the results of her project to identify open data sources and data-sharing policies used during disasters and public health emergencies. She presents a case study of sharing and collecting data around the ongoing Zika virus outbreak, and details her methodology and future research, which may include new data filters in Pub Med and Pub Med Central, and non-traditional data such as social media reports. Stacey Arnesen of DIMRC discusses Disaster Response Research (DR2) data collection tools, DIMRC resources, and future directions for NLM."
National Library of Medicine (U.S.)
Strayhorn, Nicole; Arnesen, Stacey J.
2018-08-09
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Characteristics of H-1B Specialty Occupation Workers Fiscal Year 2017 Annual Report to Congress October 1, 2016 - September 30, 2017
"The H-1B nonimmigrant classification is a vehicle through which employers may obtain workers on a temporary basis. Employers may file an H-1B petition for an alien to perform services in a specialty occupation, services of an exceptional nature relating to a Department of Defense (DOD) cooperative research and development project or coproduction project, or services of distinguished merit and ability in the field of fashion modeling. [...] Although USCIS is responsible for evaluating an alien's qualifications for the H-1B classification and effecting a change of nonimmigrant status for aliens already in the United States in another nonimmigrant classification, approval of an H-1B petition does not guarantee issuance of an H-1B visa or admission to the United States in H-1B status. [...] When the H-1B category was enacted in 1990, Congress set a maximum of 65,000 aliens who could be issued H-1B visas or otherwise provided H-1B status during each fiscal year. This limitation, commonly referred to as the 'H-1B cap,' generally does not apply to H-1B petitions filed on behalf of certain aliens who have previously been counted against the cap."
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services; United States. Department of Homeland Security
2018-08-09
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First Responder's Toolbox: Violent Extremists Likely Will Continue to Use Disinformation on Social Media Outlets to Instill Fear and Radicalize Others
From the Scope: "This product highlights examples of official media releases by designated foreign terrorist organizations, such as ISIS [Islamic State of Iraq and Syria], and unofficial media releases by auxiliary news agencies and terrorist supporters. It is intended to describe how terrorists use disinformation to potentially influence Homeland and Western audiences, and introduce steps that can be taken to determine the credibility of the messaging."
National Counterterrorism Center (U.S.)
Joint Counterterrorism Assessment Team
2018-08-09
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Transnational Crime Issues: Heroin Production, Fentanyl Trafficking, and U.S.-Mexico Security Cooperation [Updated August 9, 2018]
From the Introduction: "The domestic opioid epidemic in the United States is raising questions among policymakers about how to address foreign sources of opioids--particularly the cultivation of opium poppy, production of heroin, and clandestine manufacture or diversion of fentanyl (a synthetic opioid) and fentanyl analogues at their foreign sources."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Seelke, Clare Ribando; Rosen, Liana W.
2018-08-09
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 3153, Matthew Young Pollard Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2018 and 2019
From the Summary: "S. 3153 would authorize appropriations for fiscal years 2018 and 2019 for intelligence activities of the U.S. government, including the Intelligence Community Management Account (ICMA) and the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System (CIARDS). The bill also would modify the security clearance process across the federal government and create or modify other programs across the intelligence community (IC). CBO [Congressional Budget Office] does not provide estimates for classified programs; therefore, this estimate addresses only the unclassified aspects of the bill. In addition, CBO cannot provide estimates for certain provisions in the unclassified portion of the bill because they concern classified programs. On that limited basis, CBO estimates that implementing the unclassified provisions of the bill would cost about $4.9 billion over the 2019-2023 period, subject to appropriation of the specified and estimated amounts."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-08-09
