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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 425: FTO Passport Revocation Act of 2017
"H.R. 425 would authorize the Department of State to deny a passport or revoke an existing one for any U.S. citizen that the department finds has helped a foreign terrorist organization. The department would be required to report to the Congress each time it uses that authority. The department has used broader authorities under current law to deny or revoke passports in such cases; the bill would provide overlapping specific authority. Citizens who have been denied a passport or had one revoked are entitled to an administrative hearing and the department bears the costs associated with such hearings. Those individuals may also choose to pursue legal action. Based on an analysis of information from the department, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] expects that under the bill the number of passports being denied or revoked would not increase significantly. On that basis, CBO estimates that implementing the bill would cost less than $500,000 over the 2018-2022 period, subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2017-10-11
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Disaster Relief Fund: Monthly Report as of September 30, 2017
"P. L. 115-31 requires that the FEMA Administrator provide a report by the fifth day of each month on the Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) that includes a funding summary, a table delineating the DRF funding activities each month by state and event, a summary of the funding for the catastrophic events, and the funds exhaust date, or end-of-fiscal-year balance. Consequently, the following report elements are included: 1. Appendix A is an appropriations summary that includes a synopsis of the amount of appropriations made available by source, the transfers executed, the previously allocated funds recovered, and the commitments, allocations, and obligations. 2. Appendix B presents details on the DRF funding activities delineated by month. 3. Appendix C presents Hurricane Sandy FY 2017 obligations by spending categories. 4. Appendix D presents funding summaries for the current active catastrophic events including the allocations, obligations, and expenditures. 5. Appendix E presents the fund exhaustion date, or end-of-fiscal-year balance. 6. Appendix F presents a bridge table that provides explanation for the monthly and baseline change for all activities to include details for catastrophic events."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2017-10-11
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Army's Warfighter Information Network-Tactical (WIN-T) Program [October 10, 2017]
From the Document: "The WIN-T [Warfighter Information Network-Tactical] program is the Army's high-speed, high-capacity tactical communications network to distribute classified and unclassified information through all echelons of Army command by means of voice, data, and real-time video. WIN-T was being developed and fielded in three increments."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Feickert, Andrew
2017-10-10
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Gun Control: 'Bump-Fire' Stocks [October 10, 2017]
"Following the October 1, 2017, Las Vegas, NV, attack, there has been significant congressional interest in 'bump-fire' stocks that can assist a person in firing a semiautomatic rifle repeatedly, sometimes at rates usually associated with fully automatic machineguns. It has been reported that the assailant in this attack had 12 semiautomatic rifles outfitted with 'bump-fire' stocks. The terms 'bump-fire' and 'slide-fire' are often used interchangeably."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Krouse, William J.
2017-10-10
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Defense Primer: Military Pay Raise [October 10, 2017]
"The phrase 'military pay raise,' frequently used in discussions of military compensation, is almost always a reference to the annual increase in basic pay for members of the uniformed services. By law, basic pay is automatically increased at the start of each calendar year by an amount linked to the change in the Employment Cost Index (ECI), although the President or Congress may override this statutory adjustment. [...] The FY2018 President's Budget requested a 2.1% increase in basic pay, lower than the statutory formula of 2.4%. This was in keeping with the Department of Defense plan to limit increases in basic pay through FY2020. On August 31, 2017, President Trump sent a letter to congressional leaders invoking his authority under 37 U.S.C. 1009(e) to set the pay raise at 2.1%."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kapp, Lawrence
2017-10-10
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State Innovation Waivers: Frequently Asked Questions [October 10, 2017]
"Section 1332 of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148, as amended) provides states with the option to waive specified requirements of the ACA. In the absence of these requirements, the state is to implement its own plan to provide health insurance coverage to state residents that meets the ACA's terms. Under a state innovation waiver, a state can apply to waive ACA requirements related to qualified health plans, health insurance exchanges, premium tax credits, cost-sharing subsidies, the individual mandate, and the employer mandate. The state can apply to waive any or all of these requirements, in part or in their entirety. To obtain approval for a waiver application, a state must show that the plan it will implement in the absence of the waived provision(s) meets certain requirements. The state's plan must ensure that as many state residents have health insurance coverage under the plan as would have had coverage absent the waiver, and the coverage must be as affordable and comprehensive as it would have been absent the waiver. Additionally, the state's plan cannot increase the federal deficit. The Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the Secretary of the Treasury share responsibility for reviewing state innovation waiver applications and deciding whether to approve applications. The earliest a state innovation waiver could have gone into effect was January 1, 2017."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Mach, Annie L.
2017-10-10
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Verification Review of District of Columbia's Management of Homeland Security Grant Program Awards for Fiscal Years 2010 Through 2012
"In September 2014, the Office of Inspector General (OIG) issued an audit report entitled, District of Columbia's Management of Homeland Security Grant Program Awards for Fiscal Years 2010 Through 2012 (OIG- 14-147). We conducted this verification review to evaluate whether the District of Columbia (DC) Homeland Security Emergency Management Agency (HSEMA) adequately implemented prior recommendations and whether those recommendations achieved the intended results."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2017-10-10
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Hazard Mitigation Grant Funds Awarded to MEMA for the Mississippi Coastal Retrofit Program
"MEMA [Mississippi Emergency Management Agency] received a $29.9 million Hazard Mitigation grant from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) for the state's Coastal Retrofit Program (Program). The Program's goal is to help 2,000 Mississippi homeowners strengthen their homes against wind damage in future disasters. We received complaints that MEMA was mishandling Federal funds for this Program."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2017-10-10
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Illegal Trafficking of Wildlife and Other Natural Resources: Fiscal Year 2017 Report to Congress
"This report highlights recent activities and initiatives that DHS has put forth to address wildlife and natural resources trafficking--illegal activities that pose both a conservation and national security threat to the United States. Through its engagement with the Presidential Task Force on Wildlife Trafficking, DHS has taken steps to further coordination with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Office of Law Enforcement and has worked to implement the National Strategy for Combating Wildlife Trafficking. Further, DHS has aligned its resources to meaningful activities designed to address and eliminate the threat from these unlawful activities. DHS remains strongly committed to combating wildlife trafficking, assisting foreign nations in building capacity to combat wildlife trafficking, and working with its partners to combat transnational organized crime."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2017-10-10
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After Action Report/ Improvement Plan: Waterford 3 Steam Electric Station [September 7, 2017]
From the Executive Summary: "On September 7, 2017, an out of sequence Medical Services drill was conducted for the Waterford 3 Steam Electric Station (Waterford 3), located near Taft, St. Charles Parish, Louisiana. Personnel from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security/Federal Emergency Management Agency (DHS/FEMA) Region VI, evaluated all activities. The purpose of the drill was to assess the level of preparedness of local responders to react to a simulated radiological emergency at Waterford 3. The previous Medical Services drill was conducted on August 25, 2015. Personnel from the State of Louisiana, Waterford 3, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, St. Charles Parish Hospital Emergency Medical Services participated in the drill. Evaluation areas demonstrated included: Emergency Operations/Facilities, Protective Action Implementation, and Support Operations/Facilities. Cooperation and teamwork of all the participants was evident during the drills and DHS/FEMA wishes to acknowledge these efforts. This report contains the final evaluation of the out of sequence drill. The participants demonstrated knowledge of their emergency response plans and procedures and adequately demonstrated them. There were no Findings or Plan Issues identified as a result of the evaluation."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2017-10-10
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FEMA Daily Operations Briefings, October 8 - 14, 2017
This document is a compilation of all the FEMA Daily Operations Briefings from October 8 - 14, 2017. The FEMA Daily Operations Briefing provides an overview of the current emergency management situation nationwide and includes a summary of current significant events, weather activity, recent emergency declarations and projections for the coming week.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2017-10-08?
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U.S. Farm Income Outlook for 2017 [October 4, 2017]
"According to USDA's Economic Research Service (ERS), national net farm income--a key indicator of U.S. farm well-being--is forecast at $63.4 billion in 2017, up 3% from last year. The forecast rise in 2017 net farm income comes after three consecutive years of decline from 2013's record high of $123.8 billion. Net farm income is calculated on an accrual basis. Net cash income (calculated on a cash-flow basis) is also projected to be up in 2017 but by a larger share (12.6%), driven largely by sales from previous years' inventory, to $100.4 billion. The 2017 net farm income forecast is substantially below the 10-year average of $86.4 billion and would be the second lowest since 2003 in inflation-adjusted dollars. This is primarily the result of the outlook for continued weak prices for corn, soybeans, and cotton. Most crops and livestock product prices remain significantly below the average for the period of 2011-2013, when prices for many major commodities attained record or near-record highs. Net farm income is down 49% since 2013; net cash income is down 26%. Farm-sector production expenses have fallen slightly over that period (-1%) but not nearly as quickly as commodity prices and revenue, thus contributing to lower aggregate income totals."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Schnepf, Randall Dean, 1954-
2017-10-07
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FM 3-0 Operations
"Adversaries have studied the manner in which U.S. forces deployed and conducted operations over the past three decades. Several have adapted, modernized, and developed capabilities to counter U.S. advantages in the air, land, maritime, space, and cyberspace domains. Military advances by Russia, China, North Korea, and Iran most clearly portray this changing threat. While the U.S. Army must be manned, equipped, and trained to operate across the range of military operations, large-scale ground combat against a peer threat represents the most significant readiness requirement. FM [Field Manual] 3-0 provides doctrine for how Army forces, as part of a joint team, and in conjunction with unified action partners, do this. FM 3-0 is concerned with operations using current Army capabilities, formations, and technology in today's operational environment (OE). It expands on the material in ADRP [Army Doctrine Reference Publication] 3-0 by providing tactics describing how theater armies, corps, divisions, and brigades work together and with unified action partners to successfully prosecute operations short of conflict, prevail in large-scale combat operations, and consolidate gains to win enduring strategic outcomes."
United States. Department of the Army
2017-10-06
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Privacy Impact Assessment Update for the DHS Data Framework - Unclassified Use
"The Department of Homeland Security (DHS or Department) Data Framework (Framework) is a scalable information technology (IT) program with built-in capabilities to support advanced data architecture and governance processes. The DHS Data Framework is the Department's 'big data' solution to build in privacy protections while enabling more controlled, effective, and efficient use of existing homeland security-related information across the DHS enterprise and with other U.S. Government partners, as appropriate. Beginning in October 2017, DHS intends to mature the Data Framework by modifying how unclassified data that is stored within the Framework is accessed in order to facilitate the unclassified use of that data. DHS is updating the Data Framework Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) to account for the unclassified use of data within the Data Framework."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2017-10-06
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Avian Influenza (Including Asian H7N9): Resources at Your Fingertips
"This document provides healthcare system and public health preparedness professionals, emergency managers, and other stakeholders with resources and information to consider when improving their readiness for potential human infections with avian influenza A viruses. Significant concern exists about some avian influenza A viruses, including Asian lineage A(H5N1) and A(H7N9) viruses, that have caused sporadic human infections with high mortality, but no confirmed sustained human-to-human spread. These situations highlight possible issues for providers and planners, including: [1] Sporadic cases in the US among travelers returning from affected areas; [2] The possibility of an influenza pandemic resulting from a change in one of these viruses that would allow it to infect and transmit efficiently among people."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response
2017-10-06
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Electoral College Reform: Contemporary Issues for Congress
"The electoral college has been the subject of criticism and proposals for reform since before 1800. Constitutional and structural criticisms have centered on several of its features: (1) although today all electors are chosen by the voters in the presidential election, it is claimed to be not fully democratic, since it provides indirect election of the President; (2) it can lead to the election of candidates who win the electoral college but fewer popular votes than their opponents, or to contingent election in Congress if no candidate wins an electoral college majority; (3) it results in electoral vote under- and over-representation for some states between censuses; and (4) 'faithless' electors can vote for candidates other than those they were elected to support. Legislative and political criticisms include (1) the general ticket system, currently used in all states except Maine and Nebraska, which is alleged to disenfranchise voters who prefer the losing candidates in the states; (2) various asserted 'biases' that are alleged to favor different states and groups; and (3) the electoral college 'lock,' which has been claimed to provide an electoral college advantage to both major parties at different times."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Neale, Thomas H.
2017-10-06
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U.S. Global Health Assistance: FY2001-FY2018 Request
"Congressional interest in and support for global health programs has remained strong for several years. In FY2017, U.S. global health funding reached an estimated $9.6 billion. These funds are managed by several U.S. agencies and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund)-a multilateral organization aimed at combating the three diseases worldwide. Concern about infectious diseases, especially HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria (HTAM), continues to drive budget growth. In FY2001, roughly 47% of the U.S. global health budget was aimed at these three diseases. By FY2017, roughly 73% of the U.S. global health budget was provided for fighting HTAM."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Salaam-Blyther, Tiaji
2017-10-06
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Comparing DHS Component Funding, FY2017: Fact Sheet [October 6, 2017]
"Generally, the homeland security appropriations bill includes all annual appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), providing resources to every departmental component. The following figures show two perspectives on the budget authority for DHS enacted for FY2016 and requested by the Barack Obama Administration for FY2017, as well as the funding levels provided in the committee-reported homeland security appropriations bills and enacted FY2017 DHS appropriations. On March 16, 2017, the Donald J. Trump Administration submitted an amendment to the FY2017 budget request, which included a request for $3 billion in additional funding for DHS. The appropriations committees responded to this request for additional funding in a sixth title of the DHS appropriations act. On September 1, 2017, the Trump Administration requested an additional $7.85 billion in supplemental funding for FY2017, including $7.4 billion for the DHS--specifically for the Federal Emergency Management Agency's Disaster Relief Fund. On September 6, the House passed the relief package requested by the Administration as an amendment to H.R. 601. On September 7, the Senate passed an amended version as part of a broader relief package. The House passed the Senate amended version of the bill on September 8, which was signed into law as P.L. 115-56. This fact sheet reflects this supplemental funding separately from the annual appropriations in the first five titles, and presents the original FY2017 Obama Administration budget request unamended, because it was the basis for the annual appropriations reflected in the FY2017 measure."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Painter, William L.
2017-10-06
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Overview of Continuing Appropriations for FY2018 (P.l. 115-56)
"This report provides an analysis of the continuing appropriations provisions for FY2018 in Division D of H.R. 601. The measure also included separate divisions that establish a program to provide foreign assistance concerning basic education (Division A--Reinforcing Education Accountability in Development Act), supplemental appropriations for disaster relief requirements for FY2017 (Division B), and a temporary suspension of the public debt limit (Division C). On September 8, 2017, the President signed H.R. 601 into law (P.L. 115-56). Division D of H.R. 601 was termed a 'continuing resolution' (CR) because it provided temporary authority for federal agencies and programs to continue spending in FY2018 in the same manner as a separately enacted CR. It provides temporary funding for the programs and activities covered by all 12 of the regular appropriations bills, since none of them had been enacted previously. These provisions provide continuing budget authority for projects and activities funded in FY2017 by that fiscal year's regular appropriations acts, with some exceptions. It includes both budget authority that is subject to the statutory discretionary spending limits on defense and nondefense spending and also budget authority that is effectively exempt from those limits, such as that designated as for 'Overseas Contingency Operations/Global War on Terrorism.'"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Saturno, James
2017-10-06
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Kosovo: Background and U.S. Relations [October 6, 2017]
"Following the conflicts in the late 1990s in the countries of the former Yugoslavia (Serbia, Kosovo, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro, Croatia, and Slovenia), the prospect of membership in the Euro-Atlantic community, and the active presence of the United States in the region referred to as the Western Balkans, provided a level of stability that allowed most of the countries of the region to pursue reform and adopt Western values. During this time, Slovenia (2004) and Croatia (2013) joined the European Union (EU). These countries, along with Albania (2009), also joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Montenegro became NATO's 29th member on June 3, 2017. Other nations of the Western Balkans are at various stages on the path toward EU or NATO membership. Along with Serbia, Kosovo stands at the center of the Western Balkans and occupies a key strategic juncture at the social, political, and geographic crossroads between Eastern and Western Europe. Since declaring its independence in 2008, with the assistance of a number of international organizations, and despite its tense relationship with neighboring Serbia, which does not recognize Kosovo's independence, Kosovo has become a viable, democratic, and stable state. Although Kosovo faces major economic, rule-of-law, and corruption challenges, many observers believe Kosovo has made significant progress in strengthening its democratic institutions, its freemarket economy and its Euro-Atlantic aspirations.'"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Morelli, Vincent L.
2017-10-06
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, October 06, 2017
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Retention in Medical Care Among Insured Children with Diagnosed HIV Infection -- United States, 2010-2014"; "Human Adenovirus Surveillance -- United States, 2003-2016"; "Update: Influenza Activity -- United States and Worldwide, May 21-September 23, 2017"; "Vital Signs: Trends in Incidence of Cancers Associated with Overweight and Obesity -- United States, 2005-2014"; "Erratum: Vol. 66, No. 26" "Erratum: Vol. 66, No. 36"; "QuickStats: Rate of Visits to Office-Based Physicians, By Patient Age and Sex -- National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, United States, 2015"; and "Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2017-10-06
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Surveillance Summaries, October 6, 2017
"Suicide is a public health problem and one of the top 10 leading causes of death in the United States. Substantial geographic variations in suicide rates exist, with suicides in rural areas occurring at much higher rates than those occurring in more urban areas. Understanding demographic trends and mechanisms of death among and within urbanization levels is important to developing and targeting future prevention efforts."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2017-10-06
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 3101: Strengthening Cybersecurity Information Sharing and Coordination in Our Ports Act of 2017
"H.R. 3101 would require the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to expand efforts to enhance the cybersecurity of U.S. ports. The bill also would clarify that the Coast Guard, the agency within DHS primarily responsible for activities related to maritime security, is authorized to pursue efforts related to cybersecurity. Based on information from DHS, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing H.R. 3101 would cost $38 million over the 2018-2022 period, assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts. Enacting the bill would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply. CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 3101 would not increase net direct spending or on-budget deficits in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2028."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2017-10-06
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 3328: Cuban Airport Security Act of 2017
"H.R. 3328 would require the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to report to the Congress on the status of security measures at international airports in Cuba. The bill also would direct DHS to establish an agreement with the Cuban government to permit U.S. federal air marshals to conduct missions on regularly scheduled passenger flights between the United States and Cuba and to allow inspectors from the Transportation Security Administration to access Cuban airports. Finally, the bill would prohibit U.S. air carriers from employing Cuban nationals unless those air carriers meet certain conditions."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2017-10-06
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Public Law 115-68: Women, Peace, and Security Act of 2017
From the Document: "An Act [t]o ensure that the United States promotes the meaningful participation of women in mediation and negotiation processes seeking to prevent, mitigate, or resolve violent conflict."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2017-10-06
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Premiums Under the National Flood Insurance Program as a Share of Household Income
"In September 2017, the Congressional Budget Office [CBO] published The National Flood Insurance Program: Financial Soundness and Affordability. 1 This letter responds to a request from your staff for additional information about that report. A section of that report compares premiums under the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) with household income. Figure 5 (page 22) illustrates the finding that for most census tracts included in the analysis, the median premium for a policy on a primary single-family home was between 0.5 percent and 1.5 percent of the median household income in that census tract.2 (CBO did not have access to data on household income for individual NFIP policyholders, so the agency relied on median household income by census tract.)"
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2017-10-06
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Methane and Other Air Pollution Issues in Natural Gas Systems [October 6, 2017]
"Congressional interest in U.S. energy policy has often focused on ways through which the United States could secure more economical, reliable, and cleaner fossil fuel resources both domestically and internationally. Recent expansion in natural gas production, primarily as a result of new or improved technologies (e.g., hydraulic fracturing, directional drilling) used on unconventional resources (e.g., shale, tight sands, and coalbed methane) has made natural gas an increasingly significant component in the U.S. energy supply. This expansion, however, has prompted questions about the potential impacts of natural gas systems on human health and the environment, including impacts on air quality."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lattannzio, Richard K.
2017-10-06
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U.S. Response to Injuries of U.S. Embassy Personnel in Havana, Cuba
"On September 29, the U.S. Department of State ordered the departure of nonemergency personnel assigned to the U.S. Embassy in Havana, Cuba, as well as their families, in order to minimize the risk of their exposure to harm because of a series of unexplained injuries suffered by embassy personnel since November 2016. According to the State Department, 22 persons suffered from 'attacks of unknown nature,' most recently in late August 2017, at U.S. diplomatic residences and hotels where temporary duty staff were staying, with symptoms including 'ear complaints, hearing loss, dizziness, headache, fatigue, cognitive issues, and difficulty sleeping.' Since the incidents were first made public by the State Department in August 2017, numerous press reports have referred to the attacks as being caused by some type of sonic device. State Department officials maintain, however, that the U.S. investigation has not reached a definitive conclusion regarding the cause, source, or any kind of technologies that might have been used."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Gill, Cory R.; Sullivan, Mark P.
2017-10-06
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GI Bills Enacted Prior to 2008 and Related Veterans' Educational Assistance Programs: A Primer [October 6, 2017]
"The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), previously named the Veterans Administration, has been providing veterans educational assistance (GI Bill®) benefits since 1944. The benefits have been intended, at various times, to compensate for compulsory service, encourage voluntary service, avoid unemployment, provide equitable benefits to all who served, and promote military retention. In general, the benefits provide grant aid to eligible individuals enrolled in approved educational and training programs. Since three of the GI Bills have overlapping eligibility requirements and the United States is expected to wind down involvement in active conflicts, Congress may consider phasing out one or more of the overlapping programs. This report describes the GI Bills enacted prior to 2008. Although participation in some programs has ended or is declining, the programs' evolution and provisions inform current policy."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Dortch, Cassandria
2017-10-06
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Memorandum for All Department of Defense Personnel: Guidance from Secretary Jim Mattis
"The start of a new fiscal year serves as an opportunity for greater alignment as we reconfirm our commitment to the America. As a member of the U.S. Department of Defense, you play a vital role in supporting the three million men and women - uniformed and civilian - who fight for our Nation's interests abroad. We protect and defend the Constitution, our people, and our values, and America's military reinforces traditional tools of diplomacy, ensuring President Trump and our diplomats negotiate from a position of strength. We are a Department of war. We must be prepared to deal with an increasingly complex global security situation, characterized by an accelerating decline in the management of the rulesbased international order. North Korea's provocative actions and reckless rhetoric continue despite United Nation's censure and sanctions. Russia has violated the borders of nearby nations and seeks veto power over the economic, diplomatic, and security decisions of its neighbors. China is a long-term strategic competitor that seeks to intimidate its neighbors while escalating tensions in the South China Sea. Iran continues to sow violence and remains the largest long-term challenge to Middle East stability. Despite recent gains against ISIS, terrorist groups continue to murder the innocent and threaten peace."
United States. Department of Defense
2017-10-05
