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S. Rept. 115-310: To Require the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to Submit to Congress a Report on Certain Hydropower Projects, Report to Accompany S. 1030, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, July 31, 2018
From the Purpose: "The purpose of S. 1030 is to require the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC or Commission) to submit to Congress a report on certain hydropower projects."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018-07-31
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National Flood Insurance Program: Selected Issues and Legislation in the 115th Congress [July 31, 2018]
"The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) was established by the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (NFIA, 42 U.S.C. §4001 et seq.), and was most recently reauthorized until November 30, 2018 (P.L. 115-225). The general purpose of the NFIP is both to offer primary flood insurance to properties with significant flood risk, and to reduce flood risk through the adoption of floodplain management standards. A longer-term objective of the NFIP is to reduce federal expenditure on disaster assistance after floods. The NFIP also engages in many 'non-insurance' activities in the public interest: it disseminates flood risk information through flood maps, requires community land use and building code standards, and offers grants and incentive programs for household- and community-level investments in flood risk reduction. Unless reauthorized or amended by Congress, the following will occur on November 30, 2018: (1) the authority to provide new flood insurance contracts will expire and (2) the authority for NFIP to borrow funds from the Treasury will be reduced from $30.425 billion to $1 billion."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Horn, Diane P.
2018-07-31
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National Flood Insurance Program Borrowing Authority [July 31, 2018]
"Funding for the NFIP (National Flood Insurance Program) is primarily maintained in an authorized account called the National Flood Insurance Fund (NFIF). Generally, the NFIP has been funded from receipts from the premiums of flood insurance policies, including fees and surcharges; direct annual appropriations for specific costs of the NFIP (currently only flood mapping); and borrowing from the Treasury when the balance of the NFIF has been insufficient to pay the NFIP's obligations (e.g., insurance claims). Key provisions of the NFIP were extended from September 30 until December 8, 2017 (Section 130 of P.L. 115-56), extended again until December 22, 2017 (P.L. 115-90), and again until January 19, 2018 (P.L. 115-96). The NFIP lapsed between January 20 and January 22, 2018, and received a fourth short-term reauthorization until February 8, 2018 (P.L. 115-120). The NFIP lapsed again for approximately eight hours during a brief government shutdown in the early morning of February 9 and was then reauthorized until March 23, 2018 (P.L. 115-123). The NFIP received a sixth reauthorization until July 31, 2018 (P.L. 115-141), and a seventh reauthorization until November 30, 2018 (P.L. 115-225). However, these extensions did not increase the NFIP's borrowing limit or provide additional funds to the NFIP."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Horn, Diane P.
2018-07-31
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Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS): An Overview [July 31, 2018]
"Established by Congress as an amendment to the Clean Air Act, the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) mandates that U.S. transportation fuel contain a minimum volume of biofuel. The mandated minimum volume increases annually and must be met using both conventional biofuel (e.g., cornstarch ethanol) and advanced biofuel (e.g., cellulosic ethanol). For a renewable fuel to be applied toward the mandate, it must be used for certain purposes (transportation fuel, jet fuel, or heating oil) and meet certain environmental and biomass feedstock criteria."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bracmort, Kelsi
2018-07-31
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China-U.S. Trade Issues [July 30, 2018]
"Economic and trade reforms begun in 1979 have helped transform China into one of the world's biggest and fastest-growing economies. China's economic growth and trade liberalization, including comprehensive trade commitments made upon its entry to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, have led to a sharp expansion in U.S.-China commercial ties. Yet, bilateral trade relations have become increasingly strained in recent years over a number of issues, including China's mixed record on implementing its WTO obligations; infringement of U.S. intellectual property (such as through cyber-theft of U.S. trade secrets and forced technology requirements placed on foreign firms); increased use of industrial policies to promote and protect domestic Chinese firms; extensive trade and foreign investment restrictions; lack of transparency in trade rules and regulations; distortionary economic policies that have led to overcapacity in several industries; and its large merchandise trade surplus with the United States. China's economic and trade conditions, policies, and acts have a significant impact on the U.S. economy as whole as well as specific U.S. sectors and thus are of concern to Congress. This report provides an overview of U.S.-China commercial ties, identifies major issues of contention, describes the Trump Administration's trade policies toward China, and reviews possible outcomes."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Morrison, Wayne M.
2018-07-30
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Hostage-Taking Statute Covers Kidnapping for Ransom Abroad [July 30, 2018]
"In the midst of a rash of kidnappings, a U.S. citizen living in Haiti was seized and held for ransom. In United States v. Noel, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (Eleventh Circuit) recently upheld the conviction of one of the kidnappers under the federal hostage-taking statute. The statute condemns 'whoever, whether inside or outside the United States . . . detains . . . another person in order to compel a third person or a governmental organization to do or abstain from doing any act as an explicit or implicit condition for the release of the person detained . . .' It applies outside the U.S. if either the offender or the victim is a U.S. citizen; the offender later travels, or is brought, to the U.S.; or the targeted 'governmental organization' is the U.S. Government."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Doyle, Charles
2018-07-30
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S. Rept. 115-308: DHS Overseas Personnel Enforcement Act of 2017, Report of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, to Accompany H.R. 4567, July 30, 2018
From the Purpose and Summary: "H.R. 4567, the DHS Overseas Personnel Enhancement Act of 2017, requires the Department of Homeland Security (DHS or the Department) to provide Congress with a briefing within 90 days of submitting its comprehensive multi-year strategy on DHS's overseas personnel deployments, and every 180 days thereafter. Among other things, DHS is required to brief Congress on any barriers impeding information sharing and collaboration across DHS components and stakeholder entities to advance its counterterrorism mission. Within 90 days of the first overseas personnel briefing, the Act requires the Department to submit to Congress a plan to improve the effectiveness of personnel located at foreign locations."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018-07-30
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Department of Homeland Security: Monthly Budget Execution and Staffing Report: Fiscal Year 2018-Through June 30, 2018 (Fiscal Years 2018 Report to Congress)
This report to Congress was created to prepare allocations for DHS staffing and executive duties. This report pertains to monthly budgetary appropriations.
United States. Department of Homeland Security; United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of the Chief Financial Officer
2018-07-30
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Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction: Quarterly Report to the United States Congress [July 30, 2018]
"This report summarizes SIGAR's [Office of the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction] oversight work and updates developments in the four major sectors of reconstruction efforts in Afghanistan from April 1 to June 30, 2018. It also includes an essay on the lessons learned from stabilization programs in Afghanistan. During this reporting period, SIGAR published 16 audits, inspections, and other products assessing U.S. efforts to build the Afghan security forces, improve governance, facilitate economic and social development, and combat the production and sale of narcotics. During the reporting period, SIGAR criminal investigations resulted in one indictment, two criminal informations, three guilty pleas, one sentencing, and $81,000 in cost savings to the U.S. government. SIGAR initiated six new cases and closed 25, bringing the total number of ongoing investigations to 180. Additionally, SIGAR's suspension and debarment program referred three individuals and two entities for suspension or debarment based on evidence developed as part of investigations conducted by SIGAR in Afghanistan and in the United States."
United States. Office of the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction
2018-07-30
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Disaster Relief Fund: Monthly Report Through June 30, 2018
"This document has been compiled pursuant to language set forth in the Fiscal Year (FY) 2018 Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Appropriations Act (P.L. 115-141), the Further Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Requirements Act, 2018 (P.L. 115- 123), and the Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Requirements Act, 2017 (P.L. 115-72)."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2018-07-30
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FEMA Daily Operations Briefings, July 29 - August 4, 2018
This document is a compilation of all the FEMA Daily Operations Briefings from July 29 - August 4, 2018. The FEMA Daily Operations Briefing provides an overview of the current emergency management situation nationwide and includes a summary of current significant events, weather activity, recent emergency declarations and projections for the coming week.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2018-07-29?
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Pipeline Safety: Overdue Statutory Mandates [July 27, 2018]
"The safety of natural gas and hazardous liquid pipelines in the United States is regulated by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) within the Department of Transportation (DOT). For decades, Congress has reauthorized DOT's pipeline safety program in stand-alone legislation. In addition, Congress has used reauthorizations to impose on PHMSA various mandates regarding standards, studies, and other elements of pipeline safety regulation-- usually in response to major pipeline accidents. The Pipeline Safety, Regulatory Certainty, and Job Creation Act of 2011 (P.L. 112-90) and the PIPES Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-183) together included 61 such mandates. As of June 21, 2018, the agency had fulfilled 47 of these. Some in Congress are concerned that key mandates remain unfulfilled, in some cases years beyond the deadlines specified in statute."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Parfomak, Paul W.
2018-07-27
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Defense Primer: Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering [July 27, 2018]
From the Document: "Advances in science and technology have long played a critical role in ensuring the technological preeminence of the United States military. For this reason, the Department of Defense (DOD) is the largest funder of federal research and development. The Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (USD (R&E)) is a civilian official reporting directly to the Secretary of Defense. The USD (R&E) serves as the principal advisor to the Secretary of Defense for DOD research, engineering, and technology development activities and programs. Over the last several years, policymakers and others have expressed concern that the long-held technological edge of the U.S. military is eroding due, in part, to the proliferation of technologies outside the defense sector, organizational and cultural barriers to DOD effectively incorporating and exploiting commercial innovations, and insufficient engagement with leading-edge companies that have not historically been a part of the DOD innovation system. The establishment of the USD (R&E) as the fourth highest ranking DOD official--behind the Secretary, Deputy Secretary, and Chief Management Officer--was intended to promote faster innovation and to reduce risk-intolerance in the pursuit of new technologies."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Gallo, Marcy E.; Schwartz, Moshe
2018-07-27
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FY2019 Defense Appropriations Bill: An Overview of S. 3159, as Reported [July 27, 2018]
"The FY2019 Defense Appropriations Bill approved by the Senate Appropriations Committee on June 28 would appropriate $668 billion for the Department of Defense (DOD). This amount excludes appropriations for military facility construction and family housing, which are provided in a separate appropriations bill."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
McGarry, Brendan W.
2018-07-27
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North Korea: U.S. Relations, Nuclear Diplomacy, and Internal Situation [July 27, 2018]
"North Korea has posed one of the most persistent U.S. foreign policy challenges of the post-Cold War period due to its pursuit of proscribed weapons technology and belligerence toward the United States and its allies.[...] Efforts to halt North Korea's nuclear weapons program have occupied the past four U.S. Administrations, and North Korea is the target of scores of U.S. and United Nations Security Council sanctions. Although the weapons programs have been the primary focus of U.S. policy toward North Korea, other U.S. concerns include North Korea's illicit activities, such as counterfeiting currency and narcotics trafficking, small-scale armed attacks against South Korea, and egregious human rights violations. In 2018, the Trump Administration and Kim regime appeared to open a new chapter in the relationship. After months of rising tension and hostile rhetoric from both capitals in 2017, including a significant expansion of U.S. and international sanctions against North Korea, Trump and Kim held a leaders' summit in Singapore in June 2018. The meeting produced an agreement on principles for establishing a positive relationship. The United States agreed to provide security guarantees to North Korea, which committed to 'complete denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula.' The agreement made no mention of resolving significant differences between the two countries, including the DPRK's ballistic missile program. Trump also said he would suspend annual U.S.-South Korea military exercises, labeling them 'provocative,' during the coming U.S.-DPRK nuclear negotiations. Trump also expressed a hope of eventually withdrawing the approximately 30,000 U.S. troops stationed in South Korea."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Chanlett-Avery, Emma; Manyin, Mark E.; Nikitin, Mary Beth Dunham . . .
2018-07-27
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Potential WTO Implications of USDA's Proposed Response to Trade-Retaliation [July 27, 2018]
"On July 24, 2018, Secretary of Agriculture Sonny Perdue announced that the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) would be taking several actions to assist farmers in response to trade damage from what the Administration has characterized as 'unjustified retaliation.' Specifically, the Secretary said that USDA would authorize up to $12 billion in programs under the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Charter Act (See CRS Report R44606, The Commodity Credit Corporation: In Brief) to help agricultural producers meet the costs of disrupted markets. (See CRS Insight IN10880, China's Retaliatory Tariffs on Selected U.S. Agricultural Products.) Due to its price tag ($12 billion) and the uncertainty over how payments will be implemented, there is considerable interest from policymakers and market watchers about whether these payments will be fully compliant with World Trade Organization (WTO) commitments. This Insight briefly discusses the WTO commitments that are relevant to U.S. domestic support programs and how the newly announced U.S. trade retaliation assistance program may or may not comply with those WTO commitments."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Schnepf, Randall Dean, 1954-
2018-07-27
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Section 232 Investigations: Overview and Issues for Congress [July 27, 2018]
"On March 8, 2018, President Trump issued two proclamations imposing duties on U.S. imports of certain steel and aluminum products, using presidential powers granted under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962. Section 232 authorizes the President to impose restrictions on certain imports based on an affirmative determination by the Department of Commerce (Commerce) that the targeted products are being imported into the United States 'in such quantities or under such circumstances as to threaten to impair the national security.' Section 232 investigations and actions are important for Congress as the Constitution gives it primary authority over international trade matters. In the case of Section 232, Congress has delegated the President broad authority to impose limits on imports in the interest of U.S. national security. The statute does not require congressional approval of any presidential actions that fall within its scope. In the Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act of 1980, however, Congress amended Section 232 by creating a joint disapproval resolution provision under which Congress could override presidential actions in the case of adjustments to petroleum or petroleum product imports."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Fefer, Rachel F.; Jones, Vivian Catherine; Hammond, Keigh E. . . .
2018-07-27
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Action Collaborative on Countering the U.S. Opioid Epidemic: Meeting #1
"The Action Collaborative on Countering the U.S. Opioid Epidemic conducted this all-day meeting about to establish shared priorities, identify unmet needs, and develop and disseminate evidence-based, multi-sector solutions. The Collaborative, led by the National Academy of Medicine with the Aspen Institute as a founding partner, is a public-private partnership of over 30 organizations committed to reducing rates of opioid abuse and improving outcomes for individuals, families, and communities impacted by addiction."
National Library of Medicine (U.S.). Disaster Information Management Research Center; National Academies Press (U.S.)
Giroir, Brett P.; Dzau, Victor; Katz, Ruth . . .
2018-07-27
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, July 27, 2018
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Mumps Outbreaks at Four Universities -- Indiana, 2016"; "Application of a Tool to Identify Undiagnosed Hypertension -- United States, 2016"; "Characteristics of Patients for Whom Benznidazole was Released Through the CDC-Sponsored Investigational New Drug Program for Treatment of Chagas Disease -- United States, 2011-2018"; and "QuickStats: Number of Homicides, by the Three Most Common Methods -- United States, 2010-2016."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2018-07-27
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Surveillance Summaries, July 27, 2018
"This report summarizes foodborne disease outbreaks reported in the United States in which the first illness occurred between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2015. The report highlights a few large outbreaks as well as novel foods and food-pathogen pairs responsible for outbreaks during the reporting period."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2018-07-27
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H. Doc. 115-144: Galveston Harbor Channel Extension--Feasibility Study, Houston-Galveston Navigation Channels, Texas, July 27, 2018
"Communication from the assistant under secretary of the army, civil works, Department of Defense transmitting the Corps' report on Galveston Harbor Channel Extension--feasibility study, Houston-Galveston Navigation Channels, Texas, for February 2017[.]"
United States. Government Printing Office
2018-07-27
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H. Doc. 115-143: St. Johns County, Florida South Ponte Vedra Beach, Vilano Beach, and Summer Haven Reaches Coastal Storm Risk Management Project Final Integrated Feasibility Study and Environmental Assessment, July 27, 2018
"Communication from the Assistant Secretary of the Army, Civil Works, Department of Defense transmitting the Corps' report on St. Johns County, Florida South Ponte Vedra Beach, Vilano Beach, and Summer Haven Reaches Coastal Storm Risk Management Project Final Integrated Feasibility Study and Environmental Assessment for March 2017[.]"
United States. Government Printing Office
2018-07-27
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Annual Firearms Manufacturing and Export Report, 2017
This report covers the number of pistols, revolvers, rifles, shotguns, and miscellaneous firearms manufactured in the year 2017. Specifics include caliber and manufacturer, as well as the numbers imported and exported.
United States. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives
2018-07-27
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U.S. Sanctions on Russia: An Overview [July 26, 2018]
"The United States imposes sanctions on Russian persons (individuals and entities) for aggression against Ukraine, election interference, malicious cyber activity, human rights violations, weapons proliferation, and other activities. U.S. sanctions regimes against Russia have increased in complexity and scope with enactment of the Countering Russian Influence in Europe and Eurasia Act of 2017 (CRIEEA; P.L. 115-44, Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act, Title II; 22 U.S.C. 9501 et seq.). Sanctions against Russian persons can include blocking U.S.-based assets; prohibiting U.S. persons from engaging in transactions related to those assets; prohibiting certain, and in some cases all, U.S. transactions; and denying entry into the United States. The United States also tightly controls exports to Russia's energy and defense sectors and restricts exports where the end-use might have military application. Each rationale for imposing sanctions and the sanctions tools used, however, have their own nuances."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Rennack, Dianne E.; Welt, Cory
2018-07-26
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European Union and China [July 26, 2018]
From the Document: "The European Economic Community (EEC), the predecessor to the European Union (EU), and China established diplomatic relations on May 6, 1975. The 42year-old EU-China relationship began as a framework of economic cooperation but has evolved into a comprehensive political, economic, and relationship. Today, the EU's China policy prioritizes the search for reciprocal benefits in political and economic relations while advancing European values, such as the promotion of democracy, rule of law, human rights, and respect for the U.N. Charter's principles. Since 1998, the EU and China have held annual summits, alternating between Brussels and Beijing. The July 2018 summit was the latest example of the EU's long-term interest in, and maintenance of, its political and economic relations with China."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Morelli, Vincent L.
2018-07-26
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Australia and New Zealand React to China's Growing Influence in the South Pacific [July 26, 2018]
"The July 24, 2018, Australia-United States Ministerial (AUSMIN) Joint Statement points to 'deepening engagement [between the United States and Australia] in the Indo-Pacific.' Canberra and Wellington are increasingly responding to Chinese influence operations in the Pacific region, as demonstrated by a number of recent actions, including Australia's passage of new foreign interference legislation; announcement of an possible new Australia-Vanuatu security agreement; New Zealand's adoption of a new Strategic Defence Policy Statement; steps toward a new Pacific Islands Forum security agreement; and increased aid from Australia and New Zealand to Pacific island states. In addition, Australia is boosting its defense budget, both Australia and New Zealand are making new military procurements, and Australia, New Zealand, and the United States held an inaugural Pacific Security Cooperation Dialogue in June 2018 'to discuss a wide range of security issues and identify areas to strengthen cooperation with Pacific Island countries on common regional challenges.' A review of these developments may assist Congress as it exercises oversight of the Administration's Indo-Pacific strategy."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Vaughn, Bruce, 1963-
2018-07-26
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Cambodian Elections [July 26, 2018]
"Cambodian National Assembly elections, scheduled for July 29, 2018, are expected to be a setback for the country's prospects for democratization. The ruling political party, the Cambodian People's Party (CPP), banned the largest opposition party in 2017 and will run virtually unopposed. Steps taken by the Trump Administration and Congress to respond to the Cambodian government's 'anti-democratic' actions have been met with defiance by the Cambodian leader, Hun Sen."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lum, Thomas G. (Thomas Gong), 1961-
2018-07-26
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Capital Markets, Securities Offerings, and Related Policy Issues [July 26, 2018]
"U.S. capital markets are the largest and considered to be the most efficient in the world. Companies rely heavily on capital access to fund growth and create jobs. As the principal regulator of U.S. capital markets, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires that offers and sales of securities either be registered with the SEC or be undertaken with an exemption from registration. Registered securities offerings, often called public offerings, are available to all types of investors and have more rigorous disclosure requirements. By contrast, securities offerings that are exempt from SEC registration are referred to as private offerings and are mainly available to more sophisticated investors. Some policymakers have concluded that changes in market trends require updated regulations governing capital access. Specifically, the number of publicly listed U.S. companies has declined by half over the last two decades, and small- to medium-sized companies are said to have more difficulty accessing capital relative to larger companies. Additionally, new capital access tools not previously part of the SEC regulatory regime, such as crowdfunding and initial coin offerings, have emerged. These new tools are especially helpful for small businesses and startups."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Su, Eva
2018-07-26
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Zimbabwe: Forthcoming Elections [July 26, 2018]
"On July 30, 2018, Zimbabwe is slated to hold presidential, parliamentary and local elections--the first since the November 2017 transfer of presidential power from Robert Mugabe to Emmerson Mnangagwa. Mugabe's departure, after 37 years in office, raised hopes for the resolution of a persistent economic crisis and for a democratic transition ending a long pattern of human rights violations and undemocratic governance--and an end to the years of international condemnation, sanctions, and isolation generated by such trends. Mnangagwa, a former close Mugabe ally, has committed to a range of economic and governance reforms. He has also pledged that these elections will be free, fair, and peaceful. The elections' credibility will determine the relative legitimacy of the next government and its ability to mend relations with the international financial institutions (IFIs) and Western governments. This, in turn, could bolster the government's ability to negotiate a sovereign debt arrears payment deal, a critical step toward returning the economy to health. A dearth of capital is a major factor underpinning the dire economic situation, and Zimbabwe's longstanding debt arrears have cut it off from new credit. A legitimate election could also spur increased foreign investment and trade. Western donors view free and fair elections as a key prerequisite for increased cooperation and engagement."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Cook, Nicolas
2018-07-26
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History of Use of U.S. Military Bases to House Immigrants and Refugees [July 26, 2018]
"On June 20, 2018, President Donald Trump signed an Executive Order that states 'It is also the policy of this Administration to maintain family unity, including by detaining alien families together where appropriate and consistent with law and available resources' and that directs the Secretary of Defense to 'take all legally available measures to provide to the Secretary [of Homeland Security], upon request, any existing facilities available for the housing and care of alien families, and shall construct such facilities if necessary and consistent with law.' On June 24, Secretary of Defense James Mattis confirmed that Goodfellow Air Force Base and Fort Bliss, both in Texas, would be used to 'provide whatever support the Department of Homeland Security needs to house the people that they have under their custody.'"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kapp, Lawrence; Torreon, Barbara Salazar
2018-07-26
