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Vaccines National Strategic Plan: 2021-2025
From the Executive Summary: "Although significant progress against vaccine-preventable diseases has been made in the United States, there remain significant gaps in vaccination coverage that contribute to preventable morbidity and mortality each year. The Vaccines National Strategic Plan 2021-2025 (Vaccine Plan) provides a vision for the U.S. vaccine and immunization enterprise for the next 5 years as the nation seeks to eliminate vaccine-preventable diseases. The Vaccine Plan articulates a comprehensive strategy to promote vaccines and vaccination including research and development, vaccine safety monitoring, increase public knowledge and confidence in vaccines, increase access and use of recommended vaccines across the lifespan, and global cooperation. The Vaccine Plan builds on previous plans to guide vaccine policy to address vaccine confidence and disparities in vaccination coverage."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2021
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Review of the Department of Justice's Planning and Implementation of Its Zero Tolerance Policy and Its Coordination with the Departments of Homeland Security and Health and Human Services
From the Executive Summary Introduction: "On April 6, 2018, then Attorney General Jeff Sessions announced that the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ, Department) had adopted a 'zero tolerance policy' for immigration offenses involving illegal entry and attempted illegal entry into the United States. The policy required each U.S. Attorney's Office (USAO) on the Southwest border to prosecute all referrals for illegal entry violations, including misdemeanors, referred by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) 'to the extent practicable, and in consultation with DHS.' [...] In July 2018, multiple members of Congress requested that the DOJ Office of the Inspector General (OIG) review the Department's role in the creation and implementation of the zero tolerance policy. The OIG conducted this review to assess the Department's planning for and implementation of the zero tolerance policy, including its internal coordination with the Southwest border USAOs, the U.S. Marshals Service (USMS), and with DHS and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Consistent with the Inspector General Act of 1978, this review does not substitute the OIG's judgment for the judgments made by DOJ leadership regarding the substantive merits of the zero tolerance policy."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of the Inspector General
2021-01
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Economic Report of the President 'Together' with the Annual Report 'of the' Council of Economic Advisers (January 2021)
From the Introduction: "In 2020, the U.S. economy experienced its worst macroeconomic shock since the Great Depression. As a direct result of the arrival of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]--and consequent measures to contain and mitigate viral transmission, real output was on pace to contract by as much as 12.3 percent in 2020, which would have constituted the worst economic contraction since 1932. Professional forecasters projected that the unemployment rate would reach as high as 25.0 percent in May 2020, its worst level since the Great Depression and more than twice its peak in the aftermath of the 2008-9 global financial crisis. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) forecasted a contraction of almost 6 percent during the four quarters of 2020, and that the unemployment rate would remain over 11 percent through the end of the year."
United States. White House Office
Council of Economic Advisers (U.S.); Trump, Donald, 1946-
2021-01
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Hanford Cleanup: DOE's Efforts to Close Tank Farms Would Benefit from Clearer Legal Authorities and Communication, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "The Hanford site in Washington State contains about 54 million gallons of nuclear waste, which is stored in 177 underground storage tanks. In fiscal years 1997 through 2019, DOE [U.S. Department of Energy] spent over $10 billion to maintain Hanford's tanks and retrieve waste from them. DOE expects to spend at least $69 billion more on activities to retrieve tank waste and close tanks, according to a January 2019 DOE report. Senate Report 116-48, accompanying the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020, included a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to review the status of tank closures at Hanford. GAO's report examines the status of DOE's efforts to retrieve tank waste, challenges DOE faces in its effort to close the C-farm, as well as DOE's approach for closing the remaining tank farms."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2021-01
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Automated Vehicles: Comprehensive Plan
From the Executive Summary: "'The Automated Vehicles Comprehensive Plan (Comprehensive Plan)' advances the United States Department of Transportation's (U.S. DOT) work to prioritize safety while preparing for the future of transportation. Building upon the principles stated in 'Ensuring American Leadership in Automated Vehicle Technologies: Automated Vehicles 4.0 (AV 4.0)', the plan defines three goals to achieve this vision for Automated Driving Systems (ADS): 1. Promote Collaboration and Transparency - U.S. DOT will promote access to clear and reliable information to its partners and stakeholders, including the public, regarding the capabilities and limitations of ADS. 2. Modernize the Regulatory Environment - U.S. DOT will modernize regulations to remove unintended and unnecessary barriers to innovative vehicle designs, features, and operational models, and will develop safety-focused frameworks and tools to assess the safe performance of ADS technologies. 3. Prepare the Transportation System - U.S. DOT will conduct, in partnership with stakeholders, the foundational research and demonstration activities needed to safely evaluate and integrate ADS, while working to improve the safety, efficiency, and accessibility of the transportation system. Each goal includes a discussion of key objectives, as well as associated illustrative actions the Department is undertaking to address priorities while preparing for the future."
United States. Department of Transportation
2021-01
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FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin: January 2021
This January 2021 edition of the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin contains the following articles: "Conducting a Digital Forensics Capability Study"; "Strengthening Relationships by Managing Biases"; "Leadership Spotlight: Addressing Adaptive Challenges"; "Community Outreach Spotlight: Bridging the Gap Through Boxing"; and Bulletin Notes.
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2021-01
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CBO Report: Final Sequestration Report for Fiscal Year 2021
From the Document: "After a session of Congress ends, the Congressional Budget Office [CBO] is required to issue a report that provides estimates of the limits (often called caps) on discretionary budget authority that are in effect through fiscal year 2021. (No caps have been established for subsequent years.) CBO also must report whether, according to its estimates, enacted legislation for the current fiscal year has exceeded the caps and thus would trigger a cancellation of budgetary resources, known as a sequestration. In CBO's estimation, a sequestration will not be required for 2021. However, the authority to make that determination--and, if so, how to cut budget authority--rests with the Administration's Office of Management and Budget (OMB). Those determinations are based on OMB's own estimates of federal spending."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
Lerner, Avi
2021-01
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1776 Report
From the Introduction: "The declared purpose of the President's Advisory 1776 Commission is to 'enable a rising generation to understand the history and principles of the founding of the United States in 1776 and to strive to form a more perfect Union.' This requires a restoration of American education, which can only be grounded on a history of those principles that is 'accurate, honest, unifying, inspiring, and ennobling.' And a rediscovery of our shared identity rooted in our founding principles is the path to a renewed American unity and a confident American future. The Commission's first responsibility is to produce a report summarizing the principles of the American founding and how those principles have shaped our country. [...] The President's Advisory 1776 Commission presents this first report with the intention of cultivating a better education among Americans in the principles and history of our nation and in the hope that a rediscovery of those principles and the forms of constitutional government will lead to a more perfect Union."
United States. White House Office
2021-01
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Closures Related to the 59th Inauguration, Effective January 17, 2021 [map]
This map of Washington DC provides information related to road and bridge closures associated with the 59th Inauguration.
United States. Secret Service
2021-01
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CBO Report: Costs of Implementing Recommendations of the 2019 Missile Defense Review
From the Summary: "In January 2017, the Administration initiated a review of the United States' missile defense capabilities to recommend policies it could pursue and forces it could field. Two years later, in January 2019, the Administration released the Missile Defense Review (MDR), which focuses on defenses against both ballistic missiles (which are initially launched with a rocket booster and then continue to their target via nonpowered flight) and cruise missiles (which are powered throughout their flight with jet engines). The John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115-232) required the Congressional Budget Office to estimate the 10-year costs of implementing recommendations in the MDR. Those estimates are the subject of this report."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
Bennett, Michael
2021-01
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Southwest Border: DHS and DOJ Have Implemented Expedited Credible Fear Screening Pilot Programs, but Should Ensure Timely Data Entry, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Highlights: "Individuals apprehended by DHS and placed into expedited removal proceedings are to be removed from the U.S. without a hearing in immigration court unless they indicate a fear of persecution or torture, a fear of return to their country, or express an intent to apply for asylum. Asylum officers conduct such 'fear screenings,' and EOIR [Executive Office for
Immigration Review] immigration judges may review negative USCIS [U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services] determinations. In October 2019, DHS and DOJ [Department of Justice] initiated two pilot programs to further expedite fear screenings for certain apprehended noncitizens. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to review DHS's and DOJ's management of these pilot programs. This report examines (1) actions DHS and EOIR took to implement and expand the programs along the southwest border, and (2) what the agencies' data indicate about the outcomes of individuals' screenings and any gaps in such data."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2021-01
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Apollo Program for Biodefense: Winning the Race Against Biological Threats
From the Executive Summary: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic is a stark wake-up call for the United States to take biological threats seriously. The virus has taken the lives of more than 400,000 Americans and cost our economy trillions of dollars in just a year. The risks of future pandemics are increasing as technological progress eases barriers to modifying pathogens, raising the specter of novel biological agents causing diseases much worse than humanity has ever faced. Meanwhile, U.S. vulnerabilities to biological attacks have never been clearer to our adversaries. However, there is a path forward. 'The Apollo Program for Biodefense' would provide the United States the opportunity to mobilize the nation and lead the world to meet these challenges: a world where we detect and continually trace any new pathogen from the source; where we can distribute rapid point-of-person tests to every household in the country within days of that detection; where effective treatments are already in-hand; where vaccine development and rollout occur in weeks rather than years; and where pandemics will never again threaten the lives and livelihoods of Americans and people around the world."
Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense
2021-01
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Breaking Through the Noise: Building a Trusted Source of Information for COVID-19
From the Introduction: "Two-way communication between government and the public is vital during a public health emergency, especially one as significant as the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. Residents need to be informed of the prevalence of the disease in their communities as well as what they can do to keep their friends, families, and neighbors safe. Public officials depend on information from the public in order to monitor and mitigate the spread of the disease, as well as understand challenges people are experiencing in complying with policies such as social distancing. The State of New Jersey recognized both needs as this pandemic unfolded and quickly mobilized to stand up COVID19.nj.gov, a one-stop resource for New Jerseyans' pressing questions about the virus."
Georgetown University. Beeck Center for Social Impact and Innovation
Carroll, Conor
2021-01
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Framework for Providing Outpatient Medical Care in NYC During Winter 2020-2021
From the Document: "This document provides guidance on which non-COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]-related outpatient medical services to prioritize during a COVID-19 surge and resources to help providers continue offering these services."
New York (N.Y.). Department of Health
2020-12-31
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Exchange Rates and Currency Manipulation [Updated December 31, 2020]
From the Document: "An exchange rate is the price of one currency in terms of another currency. Exchange rates are some of the most important prices in the global economy: they affect international trade and financial flows and the value of every overseas investment. Policymakers have long expressed concerns that a country may intentionally weaken the value of its currency in order to boost exports at the expense of other countries. The United States has sought to counter so-called currency manipulation through a variety of policy tools. Currency manipulation is a controversial concept; there is debate about if, and if so how, it can be effectively addressed."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Nelson, Rebecca M.
2020-12-31
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IRS Guidance Says No Deduction is Allowed for Business Expenses Paid with Forgiven PPP Loans [Updated December 31, 2020]
From the Document: "The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136) created Small Business Administration (SBA) Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans for payroll expenses and certain operating costs, which are forgiven if the borrower meets certain criteria. On April 30, 2020, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) issued Notice 2020-32, stating that PPP recipients cannot claim a deduction for expenses funded from forgiven PPP loans. On December 27, 2020, President Trump signed H.R. 133, the COVID-[coronavirus disease 2019] related Tax Relief Act of 2020 (Subtitle B of Title II of Division N of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021), which nullifies the IRS's [Internal Revenue Service] guidance and allows borrowers to deduct expenses paid out of forgiven PPP loans."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lowry, Sean; Gravelle, Jane
2020-12-31
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Defense Primer: National Security Space Launch [Updated December 30, 2020]
From the Introduction: "The National Security Space Launch (NSSL) is a U.S. government program that enables acquisition of launch services, aimed at ensuring continued access to space for critical national security missions. The U.S. Air Force oversaw NSSL's predecessor program, the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV), and awarded four companies contracts to design a cost-effective launch vehicle system. The Department of Defense (DOD) acquisition strategy was to select one company to ensure national security space (NSS) launches were affordable and reliable. The EELV effort was prompted by significant increases in launch costs, procurement concerns, and the lack of competition among U.S. companies. Today, the NSSL program's main priority is mission success. A RAND study released April 2020 identified a magnitude of risk associated with assured access to space. As Congress continues its oversight of NSSL, it may consider examining DOD's plan on the prioritization of the launch-related risks to ensure continued access to space and 100% mission success. A major concern in Congress and elsewhere over U.S. reliance on a Russian rocket engine (RD-180), used on one of the primary national security rockets for critical national security space launches, was exacerbated by the Russian backlash over the 2014 U.S. sanctions against its actions in Ukraine. Moreover, significant overall NSSL program cost increases and unresolved questions over individual launch costs, along with legal challenges to the Air Force contract awards by space launch companies, prompted legislative action."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
McCall, Stephen M.
2020-12-30
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Defense Primer: Budgeting for National and Defense Intelligence [Updated December 30, 2020]
From the Introduction: "Intelligence Community (IC) programs include the resources (money and manpower) to accomplish IC goals and responsibilities as defined by the U.S. Code and Executive Order 12333. IC programs are funded through the: (1) National Intelligence Program (NIP), which covers the programs, projects, and activities of the IC oriented toward the strategic requirements of policymakers, and (2) Military Intelligence Program (MIP), which funds defense intelligence activities intended to support tactical military requirements and operations. The Director of National Intelligence (DNI) and the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security (USD(I&S)) manage the NIP and MIP, respectively, under different authorities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
DeVine, Michael E.
2020-12-30
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Defense Primer: Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security [Updated December 30, 2020]
From the Document: "The Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security (USD(I&S)) is a civilian official, appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate, who reports directly to the Secretary of Defense. The USD(I&S) is the Principal Staff Assistant and advisor to the Secretary and Deputy Secretary of Defense on intelligence, counterintelligence (CI), security, sensitive activities, and other intelligence related matters. On behalf of the Secretary, the USD(I&S) also exercises authority, direction, and control over Department of Defense (DOD) intelligence and security agencies, field activities, policy, processes, procedures, and products. To give greater emphasis to the importance and scope of the USD(I&S)'s security responsibilities, including primary federal government responsibility for conducting background investigations (consistent with Executive Order 13869), Congress redesignated the position of Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence (USD(I)) as the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security (USD(I&S)) in the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2020 (Section 1621 of P.L. 116- 92)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
DeVine, Michael E.
2020-12-30
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Defense Primer: National and Defense Intelligence [Updated December 30, 2020]
From the Document: "The Intelligence Community (IC) is charged with providing insight into actual or potential threats to the U.S. homeland, the American people, and national interests at home and abroad. It does so through the production of timely and apolitical products and services. Intelligence products and services result from the collection, processing, analysis, and evaluation of information for its significance to national security at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels. Consumers of intelligence include the President, National Security Council (NSC), designated personnel in executive branch departments and agencies, the military, Congress, and the law enforcement community. The IC comprises 17 elements, two of which are independent, and 15 of which are component organizations of six separate departments of the federal government. Many IC elements and most intelligence funding reside within the Department of Defense (DOD)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
DeVine, Michael E.
2020-12-30
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Defense Primer: Military Commissaries and Exchanges [Updated December 30, 2020]
From the Document: "The Department of Defense (DOD) offers certain 'quality-of-life' benefits to military members, their families, and retirees. The general purpose of these benefits is to attract, retain, and support morale and readiness for military servicemembers. One of these benefits is worldwide access to grocery and retail stores--called 'commissaries' and 'exchanges'--typically located on military installations. Commissaries provide subsidized groceries and household goods to eligible patrons. Exchanges sell goods for profit, similar to a department or specialty store, but use some of this profit to fund various Morale, Welfare, and Recreation (MWR) activities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Torreon, Barbara Salazar; Kamarck, Kristy N.
2020-12-30
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COVID-19: Potential Implications for International Security Environment-- Overview of Issues and Further Reading for Congress [Updated December 30, 2020]
From the Introduction: "Some observers argue the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic could be a world-changing event with potentially profound and long-lasting implications for the international security environment and the U.S. role in the world. Other observers are more skeptical that the COVID-19 pandemic will have such effects. This report provides a brief overview of some potential implications the COVID-19 pandemic might have for the international security environment and the U.S. role in the world, and a bibliography of CRS [Congressional Research Service] reports and other writings for further reading. Issues for Congress may include whether and how the COVID-19 pandemic could change the international security environment, whether the Trump Administration's actions for responding to such change are appropriate and sufficient, and what implications such change could have for the role of Congress in setting and overseeing the execution of U.S. foreign and defense policy. Congress's decisions regarding these issues could have significant and even profound implications for U.S. foreign and defense policy, and for the status of Congress as a co-equal branch relative to the executive branch in setting and overseeing the implementation of U.S. foreign and defense policy."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald; McInnis, Kathleen J.
2020-12-30
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Federal Eviction Moratoriums in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic [Updated December 30, 2020]
From the Document: "On September 4, 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) imposed a nationwide temporary federal moratorium on residential evictions due to nonpayment of rent. The stated purpose of the order is preventing the further spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), specifically by preventing homelessness and overcrowded housing conditions resulting from eviction. The action, which followed an Executive Order directing the CDC to consider such a measure, is unprecedented, both in terms of the federal reach into what is traditionally state and local governance of landlord-tenant law and its use of a public health authority for this purpose. The national eviction moratorium took effect less than two weeks after the expiration of a different and narrower set of eviction protections established by the CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act (§4024). This Insight compares the two eviction moratoriums across several key features and ends with a review of implementation issues raised by the CDC moratorium."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
McCarty, Maggie; Perl, Libby
2020-12-30
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Defense Primer: Intelligence Support to Military Operations [Updated December 30, 2020]
From the Document: "The bulk of the 'Intelligence Community' (IC), eight of 17 total elements, resides within the Department of Defense (DOD). This includes the National Security Agency (NSA), Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), and the intelligence components of the Navy, Army, Marines, and Air Force. Non-DOD IC elements, however, also provide support to the military. Integrated IC support of the military includes strategic, operational, and tactical intelligence activities, products and services that are necessary for military strategy, planning, and operations."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
DeVine, Michael E.
2020-12-30
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U.S.-China Strategic Competition in South and East China Seas: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated December 29, 2020]
From the Introduction: "This report provides background information and issues for Congress regarding U.S.-China strategic competition in the South China Sea (SCS) and East China Sea (ECS). In an international security environment described as one of renewed great power competition, the South China Sea (SCS) has emerged as an arena of U.S.-China strategic competition. U.S.-China strategic competition in the SCS forms an element of the Trump Administration's more confrontational overall approach toward China, and of the Administration's efforts for promoting its construct for the Indo-Pacific region, called the Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP). China's actions in the SCS in recent years have heightened concerns among U.S. observers that China is gaining effective control of the SCS, an area of strategic, political, and economic importance to the United States and its allies and partners. [...] The issue for Congress is whether the Trump Administration's strategy for competing strategically with China in the SCS and ECS is appropriate and correctly resourced, and whether Congress should approve, reject, or modify the strategy, the level of resources for implementing it, or both. Decisions that Congress makes on these issues could substantially affect U.S. strategic, political, and economic interests in the Indo-Pacific region and elsewhere."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2020-12-29
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COVID-19 Relief Assistance to Small Businesses: Issues and Policy Options [Updated December 29, 2020]
From the Summary: "The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) administers several types of programs to support small businesses, including direct disaster loan programs for businesses, homeowners, and renters; loan guaranty and venture capital programs; management and technical assistance training programs; and contracting programs. Congressional interest in these programs has always been high, primarily because small businesses are viewed as a means to stimulate economic activity and create jobs, but it has become especially acute in the wake of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic's widespread adverse economic impact on the national economy. This report provides a brief description of the SBA's programs and examines congressional action to assist small businesses during and immediately following the Great Recession (2007-2009) and during the COVID-19 pandemic[.] [...] One lesson learned from the actions taken to assist small businesses during and immediately following the Great Recession is the potential benefits that can be derived from providing additional funding for the SBA's Office of Inspector General (OIG) and the Government Accountability Office (GAO). GAO and the SBA's OIG can provide Congress information that could prove useful as Congress engages in congressional oversight of the SBA's administration of legislation to address COVID-19's adverse economic impact on small businesses, provide an early warning if unforeseen administrative problems should arise, and, through investigations and audits, serve as a deterrent to fraud."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Dilger, Robert Jay, 1954-; Lindsay, Bruce R.; Lowry, Sean
2020-12-29
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Europe, COVID-19, and U.S. Relations [Updated December 29, 2020]
From the Document: "Like most of the rest of the world, European governments and the European Union (EU) have struggled to manage the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. European leaders have characterized the pandemic as Europe's biggest challenge since the Second World War, with potentially far-reaching political, social, and economic consequences beyond the public health impact. COVID-19 also has added tensions to a strained U.S.-European partnership. Members of Congress may be interested in COVID-19's implications for U.S. relations with Europe, including in NATO and with the EU, and in how the pandemic might alter certain U.S.-European dynamics, especially vis-à-vis China."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Archick, Kristin; Belkin, Paul; Garding, Sarah E. . . .
2020-12-29
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Defense Primer: Ballistic Missile Defense [Updated December 29, 2020]
From the Document: "The United States has been developing and deploying ballistic missile defenses (BMD) to defend against enemy missiles continuously since the late 1940s. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the United States deployed a limited nuclear-tipped BMD system to protect a portion of its U.S. land-based nuclear ICBM (intercontinental ballistic missile) force in order to preserve a strategic deterrent against a Soviet nuclear attack on the Homeland. That system became active in 1975 but shut down in 1976 because of concerns over cost and effectiveness. In the FY1975 budget, the Army began funding research into hit-to-kill or kinetic energy interceptors as an alternative--the type of interceptor technology dominates U.S. BMD systems today."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
McCall, Stephen M.
2020-12-29
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U.S. Role in the World: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated December 29, 2020]
From the Summary: "The U.S. role in the world refers to the overall character, purpose, or direction of U.S. participation in international affairs and the country's overall relationship to the rest of the world. The U.S. role in the world can be viewed as establishing the overall context or framework for U.S. policymakers for developing, implementing, and measuring the success of U.S. policies and actions on specific international issues, and for foreign countries or other observers for interpreting and understanding U.S. actions on the world stage. While descriptions of the traditional U.S. role in the world since the end of World War II vary in their specifics, it can be described in general terms as consisting of four key elements: global leadership; defense and promotion of the liberal international order; defense and promotion of freedom, democracy, and human rights; and prevention of the emergence of regional hegemons in Eurasia. The issue for Congress is whether the U.S. role in the world has changed, and if so, what implications this might have for the United States and the world. A change in the U.S. role could have significant and even profound effects on U.S. security, freedom, and prosperity. It could significantly affect U.S. policy in areas such as relations with allies and other countries, defense plans and programs, trade and international finance, foreign assistance, and human rights."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2020-12-29
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Executive Order 13969: Expanding Educational Opportunity Through School Choice
From the Document: "As part of their efforts to address the public health challenges and uncertainties posed by the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, State and local officials shut down in-person learning for the vast majority of our more than 56 million elementary and secondary school students beginning in late February and early March of this year. Since then, however, our Nation has identified effective measures to facilitate the safe resumption of in-person learning, and the Federal Government has provided more than $13 billion to States and school districts to implement those measures. The prolonged deprivation of in-person learning opportunities has produced undeniably dire consequences for the children of this country. [...] A failure to quickly resume in-person learning options is likely to have long-term economic effects on children and their families. [...] To help mitigate these harms, the Department of Health and Human Services recently announced additional relief for low-income parents by allowing States to use funds available through the Child Care and Development Fund to subsidize child care services and services that supplement academic instruction for children under the age of 13 who are participating in virtual instruction. [...] I am committed to ensuring that all children of our great Nation have access to the educational resources they need to obtain a high-quality education and to improving students' safety and well-being, including by empowering families with emergency learning scholarships."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Trump, Donald, 1946-
2020-12-28
