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• Statement on Federal Assistance for Mississippi [July 10, 2005]

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  President Bush declares a major disaster in Mississippi and orders federal aid to supplement local recovery efforts following Hurricane Dennis.

  United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary

  2005-07-10
• Fact Sheet: Federal Relief for the Victims of Hurricane Katrina [August 31, 2005]

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  This fact sheet describes actions taken by the federal government to assist victims of Hurricane Katrina including Coast Guard search and rescue efforts, FEMA's delivery of resources and medical supplies to the region as well as vouchers for gasoline.

  United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary

  2005-08-31
• Statement on Federal Disaster Assistance for Missouri [April 5, 2006]

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  President Bush orders federal aid to supplement local recovery efforts in Missouri after a devastating week of storms and tornadoes March 30-April 3, 2006.

  United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary

  2006-04-05
• Statement on Federal Disaster Assistance for Oklahoma [January 10, 2006]

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  President Bush orders federal aid to supplement local recovery efforts in Oklahoma affected by an extreme wildfire.

  United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary

  2006-01-10
• Statement on Federal Disaster Assistance for Kansas [July 2, 2007]

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  From the Document: "The President today declared a major disaster exists in the State of Kansas and ordered Federal aid to supplement State and local recovery efforts in the area impacted by severe storms and flooding beginning on June 26, 2007, and continuing. Federal funding is available to State and eligible local governments and certain private nonprofit organizations on a cost-sharing basis in the counties of Allen, Anderson, Bourbon, Butler, Chautauqua, Cherokee, Coffey, Cowley, Elk, Franklin, Linn, Miami, Montgomery, Neosho, Osage, Wilson, and Woodson for emergency protective measures, limited to direct Federal assistance under the Public Assistance program. R. David Paulison, Administrator, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Department of Homeland Security, named Michael Karl as the Federal Coordinating Officer for Federal recovery operations in the affected area."

  United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary

  2007-07-02
• Statement on Federal Disaster Assistance for Iowa [May 25, 2007]

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  From the Document: "The President today declared a major disaster exists in the State of Iowa and ordered Federal aid to supplement State and local recovery efforts in the area struck by severe storms, flooding, and tornadoes during the period of May 5-7, 2007. The President's action makes Federal funding available to affected individuals in the counties of Cass, Fremont, Harrison, Ida, Mills, Montgomery, Page, Pottawattamie, Shelby, Taylor, and Union. Assistance can include grants for temporary housing and home repairs, low-cost loans to cover uninsured property losses, and other programs to help individuals and business owners recover from the effects of the disaster. Federal funding also is available to State and eligible local governments and certain private nonprofit organizations on a cost-sharing basis for emergency work and the repair or replacement of facilities damaged by the severe storms, flooding, and tornadoes in the counties of Audubon, Cass, Clark, Crawford, Decatur, Fremont, Harrison, Ida, Mills, Monona, Montgomery, Page, Pottawattamie, Ringgold, Sac, Shelby, Taylor, and Union. Federal funding is also available on a cost-sharing basis for hazard mitigation measures statewide. R. David Paulison, Administrator, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Department of Homeland Security, named Carlos Mitchell as the Federal Coordinating Officer for Federal recovery operations in the affected area. FEMA said additional designations may be made at a later date if requested by the State and warranted by the results of further damage assessments."

  United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary

  2007-05-25
• Fact Sheet: Two Year Anniversary of Hurricane Katrina [August 29, 2007]

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  This fact sheet provides information regarding the two-year anniversary of Hurricane Katrina. President and Mrs. Bush are visiting Louisiana and Mississippi to review progress in rebuilding after Katrina.

  United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary

  2007-08-29
• Statement on Federal Disaster Assistance for Oklahoma [June 7, 2007]

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  From the Document: "The President today declared a major disaster exists in the State of Oklahoma and ordered Federal aid to supplement State and local recovery efforts in the area struck by severe storms, tornadoes, and flooding during the period of May 4-11, 2007. Federal funding is available to State and eligible local governments and certain private nonprofit organizations on a cost-sharing basis for emergency work and the repair or replacement of facilities damaged by the severe storms, tornadoes, and flooding in the counties of Atoka, Beckham, Blaine, Caddo, Comanche, Dewey, Ellis, Greer, Kay, Kiowa, Lincoln, Noble, Nowata, Okfuskee, Pottawatomie, Roger Mills, and Seminole. Federal funding is also available on a cost-sharing basis for hazard mitigation measures statewide. R. David Paulison, Administrator, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Department of Homeland Security, named Philip E. Parr as the Federal Coordinating Officer for Federal recovery operations in the affected area."

  United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary

  2007-06-07
• Statement on Federal Disaster Assistance for Kansas [June 19, 2007]

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  From the Document: "The President today made additional disaster assistance available to the State of Kansas impacted by severe storms, tornadoes, and flooding during the period of May 4-18, 2007, by authorizing an increase in the level of Federal funding for debris removal and emergency protective measures under the Public Assistance program. The President's major disaster declaration issued for the State on May 6, 2007, initially authorized Individual Assistance, Public Assistance, Hazard Mitigation, and any other forms of assistance under the Stafford Act subject to the completion of Preliminary Damage Assessments. Public Assistance, Hazard Mitigation, and Other Needs Assistance under Section 408 were authorized at 75 percent Federal funding of total eligible costs. Under the President's order today, for a period of up to 72 hours, the Federal share has been increased to 100 percent of the eligible costs for debris removal and emergency protective measures, including direct Federal assistance, under the Public Assistance program. The cost-share adjustment is retroactive to the date of the President's major disaster declaration for the State of Kansas."

  United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary

  2007-06-19
• President Outlines Hurricane Katrina Relief Efforts [August 31, 2005]

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  President Bush addresses the press explaining what relief efforts have already been taken and what FEMA and other agencies are planning to do in order to help those affected by the hurricane.

  United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary

  2005-08-31
• Statement on Federal Disaster Assistance for Ohio [August 27, 2007]

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  From the Document: "The President today declared a major disaster exists in the State of Ohio and ordered Federal aid to supplement State and local recovery efforts in the area struck by severe storms, flooding, and tornadoes beginning on August 20, 2007, and continuing. The President's action makes Federal funding available to affected individuals in the counties of Allen, Crawford, Hancock, Putnam, Richland, and Wyandot. Assistance can include grants for temporary housing and home repairs, low-cost loans to cover uninsured property losses, and other programs to help individuals and business owners recover from the effects of the disaster. Federal funding is also available on a cost-sharing basis for hazard mitigation measures statewide. R. David Paulison, Administrator, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Department of Homeland Security, named Jesse Munoz as the Federal Coordinating Officer for Federal recovery operations in the affected area. FEMA said that damage surveys are continuing in other areas, and more counties and additional forms of assistance may be designated after the assessments are completed."

  United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary

  2007-08-27
• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 1320, Energy-Efficient Manufactured Housing Act of 2010

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  From the Summary: "S. 1320 would authorize appropriations for grants to states to provide financial incentives to owners of older manufactured homes to replace those homes with more energy-efficient homes. Assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing S. 1320 would cost $2.2 billion over the 2011-2015 period. Enacting S. 1320 would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2010-09-16
• Energy Security in the United States

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  From the Summary: "Energy use is pervasive throughout the U.S. economy. Households and businesses use energy from oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear power, and renewable sources (such as wind and the sun) to generate electricity, provide transportation, and heat and cool buildings. In 2010, energy consumption represented 8.4 percent of U.S. gross domestic product. Disruptions in the supply of commodities used to produce energy tend to raise energy prices, imposing an increased burden on U.S. households and businesses. Disruptions can also reduce the nation's economic output and thus people's income. This paper examines energy security in the United States--that is, the ability of U.S. households and businesses to accommodate disruptions of supply in energy markets--and actions that the government could take to reduce the effects of such disruptions. The vulnerability of the U.S. economy to disruptions in the supply of a particular energy source depends on the importance of that energy source to the economy. More than 80 percent of the energy consumed in the United States comes from oil, natural gas, or coal.'"

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  Stocking, Andrew

  2012-05
• Enforcement is Not Optional: The Goldman Act to Return Abducted American Children, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, April 6, 2017

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  This is the April 6, 2017 hearing on "Enforcement is Not Optional: The Goldman Act to Return Abducted American Children" held before the House Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. From the opening statement of Christopher H. Smith: "There is hope that the Sean and David Goldman International Child Abduction Prevention and Return Act will finally be enforced and there is hope for those of you who seek to be reunited with your children that a better day is coming. As many of you here today have experienced, international parental child abduction rips children from their homes and whisks them away to a foreign land, alienating them from the love and care of the parent and family that is left behind. Child abduction is child abuse and continues to plague families across the United States. According to the State Department's statistics, approximately 1,000 children are today held hostage in a foreign country, separated from their American parent. Several hundred additional children join their ranks every year. Based on historical trends, less than a third of these children will ever come home, unless, of course, the Trump administration decides to do what the previous administration did not do: Change tack and stand up for the American parents and children using the full-I repeat full-array of tools prescribed by the Goldman Act to help achieve the necessary objective. […] Implementing the Goldman Act fully and robustly will send a message to allies and foes alike that the United States means business about ending the suffering of American families and we mean business when it comes to these children." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Noelle Hunter, James Cook, Augusto Frisancho, and Vikram Jagtiani.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2017
• Energy Security in the United States [infographic]

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  This document is an infographic designed to accompany the U.S. Congressional Budget Office report titled: "Energy Security in the United States" and located here in HSDL: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=708024]. This infographic provides a quick overview of relevant data and statistics, as well as definitions of key terms and concepts.

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  Stocking, Andrew; Costantino, Maureen

  2012-05
• Tragic Case of Liu Xiaobo, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, July 14, 2017

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  "This is the July 14, 2017 hearing on 'The Tragic Case of Liu Xiaobo,' held before the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. From the opening statement of Christopher Smith: 'The U.S. stands alone, inadequate as its efforts are at times, in its willingness to keep on raising human rights issues that need to be raised. The U.S. cannot lightly shrug off the mantle of being democracy's defender no matter how heavy that mantle may become. It is tempting to be pessimistic about China's future and the future of U.S.-China relations. [...] Constant repression has not dimmed the desire of the Chinese people for freedom and reform, and, of course, that is attributed to the great work of Liu Xiaobo. Nevertheless, the U.S. cannot be morally neutral or silent in the face of the Chinese Government's repression of fundamental freedoms. Human rights are not a secondary interest, but one critically linked to all issues in China, including U.S. economic and security interests. The U.S. must not shy away from meeting with China's other Nobel Laureate, the Dalai Lama, or other dissidents. We must use congressionally authorized sanctions to hold Chinese officials accountable for torture and gross abuses, including those proscribed in the International Religious Freedom Act and, of course, the Global Magnitsky Act.' Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Yang Jianli, Jared Genser, and Perry Link."

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2017
• CBO Working Paper: Addressing Market Barriers to Energy Efficiency in Buildings

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  From the Abstract: "A large share of total U.S. energy consumption--40 percent--occurs in homes and buildings. Homes and buildings are less energy efficient than they would be if people could assess the value of energy savings more easily and correctly, and if energy prices provided them with stronger incentives to do so. This paper identifies three reasons why people undervalue energy savings: misperceived energy prices, imperfect information about energy efficiency, and biased reasoning about energy savings. The paper then examines four types of policy options for addressing those underlying market imperfections: prices that reflect the social costs of energy use, financial incentives, energy-efficiency standards, and better information about energy efficiency."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  Austin, David, 1960-

  2012-08
• Building for the Future: China's Progress in Space Technology During the Tenth 5-Year Plan and the U.S. Response

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  "The advance of the Chinese space program has laid a foundation for that country to enter into the top tier of space powers. In recent years, China has made important progress across a broad range of space technologies including launchers, launch schedules, satellites, and human space flight, and has taken a leading role in regional space cooperation. This monograph examines how the United States should respond to China's rise as a major space power based on China's space activities during the period of the Tenth 5-Year Plan (2001-05). It finds that the Chinese space program made impressive gains during the Tenth 5-year Plan, but when compared with the other major space powers, China's space technology still lags behind. China's burgeoning space program provides opportunities for China to use the benefits derived from space power to become a more influential and respected nation. While China does not have an official grand strategy, the Chinese leadership appears to have reached a consensus on a plan which sustains the conditions necessary for economic growth and military modernization in the context of operating in a unipolar world dominated by the United States. This strategy is designed to ultimately usher in a multipolar world in which China is one of several great powers by protecting China's core national interests against external threats and by shaping the international system in which it operates."

  Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute

  Pollpeter, Kevin

  2008-03
• Disrupter Series: Advanced Materials and Production, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Digital Commerce and Consumer Protection of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, March 15, 2017

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  This is the March 15, 2017 hearing on "Disrupter Series: Advanced Materials and Production," held before the Subcommittee on Digital Commerce and Consumer Protection of the U.S. House Committee on Energy and Commerce. From the opening statement of Robert Latta: "The continuation of the Disrupter Series ensures that the Digital Commerce and Consumer Protection Subcommittee continues to learn about the cutting-edge developments across industry. [...] Today, we are focused on advanced materials and production methods. The panel of witnesses are experts in a number of different fields, from graphene and other nanoparticles to bio-ink and techniques to 3D [three dimensional] print human tissue. We also have experts in new materials and fabrication methods, developing plastics, metals, and composite materials. The potential for each of these materials, and even those that may not be represented on the panel today, are subject to the health of the U.S. economy and the willingness of public and private investors to take some of the amount of the risk. The applications of these materials is seemingly endless: infrastructure, energy, telecommunication, automobiles, health care, aerospace, transportation, and more. [...] There should be a full vetting of the costs and benefits as we examine potential use cases for the advanced materials." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Hota Gangarao, Keith Murphy, Afsaneh Rabiei, James M. Tour, and Shane E. Weyant."

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2018
• Establishing Accountability at the World Intellectual Property Organization: Illicit Technology Transfers, Whistleblowing, and Reform, Joint Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations, the Subcommittee on the Middle East and North Africa, and the Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, Second Session, February 24, 2016

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  This is the February 24, 2016 joint hearing on "Establishing Accountability at the World Intellectual Property Organization: Illicit Technology Transfers, Whistleblowing, and Reform" held before the House of Representatives Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations, the Subcommittee on the Middle East and North Africa, and the Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. From the opening statement of Subcommittee Chairman Christopher H. Smith: "Our hearing today shines a spotlight on an organization that is a critical component of a global system of intellectual property and patent protection, the World Intellectual Property Organization or WIPO. It is an organization that, unfortunately, appears to have lost its way under its current Director General Francis Gurry, and is in need of major reform. We will hear from very courageous whistleblowers today who will relate how they uncovered illicit transfers of technology to rogue nations such as North Korea, and to friendly nations like Japan, and how WIPO, under Director General Gurry, unbeknownst to member states, cuts deals with China and Russia to open offices in those countries, potentially putting our intellectual property at risk. This hearing is thus about national security as much as the importance of sound governance and oversight." [...] "This hearing is the first in what will be a series of hearings that this Congress will hold to focus on the need for reform at the U.N. and its institutions. And the next will be with the State Department, we hope, and on U.N. peacekeepers and the issue of exploitation and abuse. We do believe that by shining a light we can help victims and help the corruption come to an end, bringing healing and true reform. Organizations such as WIPO are too important to be abandoned. It is essential that we conduct vigorous oversight and demand accountability to help refocus this organization on fulfilling its vital mission." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: James Pooley, Miranda Brown, and Matthew Parish.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2016
• Facebook: Transparency and Use of Consumer Data, Hearing Before the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, Second Session, April 11, 2018

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  This is the April 11, 2018 hearing titled "Facebook: Transparency and Use of Consumer Data," held before the House Committee on Energy and Commerce. From the opening statement of Greg Walden: "The incident involving Cambridge Analytica and the compromised personal information of approximately 87 million American users--or mostly American users--is deeply disturbing to this committee. The American people are concerned about how Facebook protects and profits from its users' data. In short, does Facebook keep its end of the agreement with its users? How should we as policymakers evaluate and respond to these events?" Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Mark Zuckerberg.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2018
• Senior Leader Misconduct: Prevention and Accountability, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Military Personnel of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, Second Session, February 7, 2018

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  This is the February 7, 2018 hearing on "Senior Leader Misconduct: Prevention and Accountability," held before the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Military Personnel of the Committee on Armed Services. Form the opening statement of Mike Coffman: "The purpose of today's hearing is to receive testimony from the Department of Defense and the services regarding efforts they have taken to investigate and hold senior leaders accountable for misconduct and to understand what programs and policies are in place to prevent misconduct. [...] When the misconduct involves flag or general officers, the negative effects are even greater. These incidents of senior leader misconduct, even though relatively rare, not only hurt the victims involved, but can have a lasting impact on the readiness of the unit in which the senior leader has served." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Glenn A. Fine, Stayce D. Harris, James C. McConville, William F. Moran, David A. Ottignon, David E. Quantock, Herman Shelanski, Glenn M. Walters, and Stephen W. Wilson.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2019
• Reviewing International Child Abduction, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, Second Session, December 10, 2018

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  This is the December 10, 2018 hearing titled "Reviewing International Child Abduction," held before the U.S. House Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. From the opening statement of Christopher H. Smith: "The deleterious physical and psychological impact on abducted children, including parental alienation, coupled with the pain and agony endured by a left-behind parent from a forced, illegal, and inhumane abduction, demands more effective U.S. Government action. Today we will hear from three extraordinary parents who have left no stone unturned in a noble quest of bringing their kids home. Out of deep love and concern for the safety and well-being of their children, all three parents--Jeffery Morehouse, Juan Garaicoa, and Michelle Littleton--continue to strive and to hope and to believe. All three parents, and far too many others like them, daily endure the absolute nightmare of having had their beloved children kidnapped and taken to a foreign land. We can and we must do better." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Jeffery Morehouse, Juan Garaicoa, and Michelle Littleton.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2018
• Assessing VA's Risks for Drug Diversion, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Veterans' Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, February 27, 2017

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  This is the February 27, 2017 hearing titled "Assessing VA's [U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs] Risks for Drug Diversion" before the House Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. From the opening statement of Jack Bergman: "Today, we will address the lack of oversight and internal controls regarding controlled substances within the Veterans Health Administration that leave facilities open to drug diversion and veteran harm. [...] In Little Rock, Arkansas, a VA pharmacy technician reportedly used his access to medical supplies Web sites to order and divert 4,000 oxycodone pills, over 3,000 hydrocodone pills, and more than 14,000 Viagra and Cialis pills, at the cost to the VA of more than $70,000. This technician was allegedly selling these drugs on the street, where they had a value of more than $160,000. At a VA facility in Florida, a registered nurse was apparently stealing oxycodone and hydromorphone from the hospital to feed her addiction. Keep in mind, these are medications that should have been going to veterans for their care." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Carolyn Clancy, Michael A. Valentino, Nick Dahl, Emorfia Valkanos, Randall B. Williamson, Keith Berge, and Jeffrey Plagenhoef.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2018
• Safeguarding Trade Secrets in the United States, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Courts, Intellectual Property, and the Internet of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, Second Session, April 17, 2018

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  This is the April 17, 2018 hearing titled "Safeguarding Trade Secrets in the United States" held before the House Subcommittee on Courts, Intellectual Property, and the Internet. From the opening statement of Darrell Issa: "The trade secrets misappropriation, though, is limited and, in fact, depends on quick action in many cases by those who have had their secrets stolen. Today we will evaluate, among other things, is the DTSA [Defend Trade Secrets Act] working as intended and what else can Congress do?" Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Kenneth R. Corsello, James H. Pooley, and James H. Pooley.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2018
• Viral Extremism: COVID-19, Nontraditional Threats, and US Counterterrorism Policy

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  From the Document: "This policy brief, developed in collaboration with counterterrorism (CT) experts at CNA, seeks to answer the question of how the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has affected domestic and international violent extremist organizations (VEOs), the US CT community, and the ability of US partners to support CT operations. Importantly, it provides a snapshot of how pandemics and other nontraditional threats can drive a cycle of violence in the future. This brief concludes that nearly every facet of VEO activities--environment, operations, resources, recruitment, and strategy--has benefitted from the chaotic and widespread effects of the pandemic. Conversely, US and partner forces tasked with containing the threat posed by terrorist groups have been affected negatively across these same five areas."

  CNA Corporation

  Faber, Pamela; McBride, Megan K.; Fusco, Sarah . . .

  2021-03
• Department's Implementation and Administrative Enforcement of Title VI and the Safe Streets Act

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  From the Memorandum: "On September 15, 2021, I directed the Civil Rights Division, working in partnership with the Office of Justice Programs, the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, and the Office on Violence Against Women, to review the implementation and administrative enforcement of Title VI and the nondiscrimination provisions of the Safe Streets Act in connection with federal financial assistance provided by the Department of Justice. Those offices prepared a thorough and thoughtful review that recommends a number of changes to strengthen the Department's enforcement of the critical nondiscrimination obligations that apply to recipients of federal financial assistance. This Memorandum summarizes the results of that review and identifies several steps the Department will take to improve our implementation and enforcement of those statutes."

  United States. Department of Justice. Office of the Associate Attorney General

  Gupta, Vanita, 1974-

  2022-06-22
• Psychology of (Dis)information: Case Studies and Implications

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  From the Abstract: "The absorption and spread of disinformation is a pervasive phenomenon across a wide variety of topics and media. Most disinformation research focuses on the source (who created it?) and the environment in which it exists (what platform/medium transmits the information?). Recognizing that disinformation primarily works in an individual person's mind, this report describes four normal, routine psychological mechanisms that are associated with the absorption and spread of disinformation. We then describe real-world case studies--focusing on activities linked to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019], and to campaigns coordinated by US adversaries including Russia, China, and Iran--to illustrate the way these mechanisms can be manipulated to aid the spread disinformation. The report concludes with multi-pronged recommendations that DOD can use to address the vulnerabilities associated with these psychological mechanisms so as prevent the spread of disinformation and protect both US servicemembers and the country."

  CNA Corporation

  McBride, Megan K.; Wolters, Heather; Haney, Kaia . . .

  2021-10
• Getting Back to Normal: Informing Renormalization of COVID-19 Risk-Minimized Activities for a 100-Bed Jail Housing Unit Using SAFER-C™, an Agent-Based Model

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  From the Abstract: "During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, US jails have faced challenges in providing safety, security, programming, and care while limiting virus transmission. Data-driven insights can help inform correctional leaders as they seek to transition to more normalized operations. We customized an agent-based model, Simulation Applications for Forecasting Effective Responses in Corrections (SAFER-C™), to simulate the operations, environment, and virus spread within a representative 100-bed housing unit, using de-identified data from District of Columbia Department of Corrections. Simulations indicated that most infections occur via staff-to-staff and inmate-to-inmate interactions, that benefits from higher facility vaccination rates are offset by the lower vaccination rates among intakes, and that resuming high-contact activities (e.g., basketball) may cause outbreaks. Simulation results aligned closely with practitioner experience. The detailed insights gained from this analysis suggest that SAFER-C™ is a valuable tool for correctional decision-makers."

  CNA Corporation

  Yang, Rebekah; Chakraborty, Reena

  2021-09
• Law Enforcement Pandemic Response Field Guide

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  From the Introduction: "The goal of this project was to serve as an extension of the previous efforts, by providing an in-depth analysis of three 21st Century Policing agencies' COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] responses, culminating in a Law Enforcement Pandemic Response Field Guide (this document), as well as a toolkit to help practitioners identify best practices. The 21st Century Policing agencies are nationally recognized for their commitment to innovation in policing--and for engaging the communities they serve. This field guide describes the lessons learned from three of those agencies regarding their adaptations and responses to the COVID-19 pandemic that are of benefit to the greater policing community. Also included in this field guide and the companion toolkit are examples which other policing agencies have employed which are consistent with 21st Century policing practices."

  CNA Corporation

  Dockstader, Jessica; Woodmansee, Thomas; Felix, Tammy . . .

  2021-11