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Weaponization of Space: It Doesn't Happen in a Vacuum
This article details the history of the weaponization of space, beginning with a description of 1950s United States space policy as outlined by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Subsequent major sections of the article discuss Early Steps toward Weaponization, Overt Advocacy, Arms Control Counterargument, Chicken Little, and Back to the Future. The conclusion delineates lessons learned from the Air Force's space weaponization, and ultimately states that the nonweaponization of space may be eeven more in the national interest than in Eisenhower's day.
United States. Department of the Air Force
Belote, Howard D.
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Impact of the National Guard Counterdrug Program in America. Where Do We Go from Here?
The illegal drug scene is spreading and changing, but how to deal with drug abuse is a much disputed subject. How you look at the drug scene depends on where you are, who you are and what you know about the scenario for tomorrow. Although the abuse of some drugs is decreasing, serious drug problems are found everywhere, in cities and rural communities, in all age groups, and among people of all races and economic status. For several years the National Guard has played a key role in the Counterdrug efforts to stop the flow and spread of illicit drug into and within the United States. The purpose of this study is to examine the National Guard Counterdrug programs in America and its efforts in neutralizing the use and spread of illegal drugs.
Army War College (U.S.)
Geary, Reginald B.
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Chapter 4: Economic Strategy in the War on Terrorism
President Bush has expressed a new U.S. resolve to win the war on terrorism. "We will not tire. We will not falter. We will not fail." In addition to winning the war on terrorism, President Bush is determined to return the nation towards the path of economic recovery. This document traces the immediate actions that were taken by national leaders in an attempt to head off financial disaster in light of the 9-11 attacks and the subsequent call for a war against terrorism.
United States. Pacific Command
Rosenberger, Leif; Chun, Clay
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Federal Employee's Emergency Guide, 2003
"More than ever, the work of Federal employees is critical to the well-being and security of our Nation. However, Federal employees face unprecedented uncertainty. Individuals who are unwilling to impact the world through constructive efforts have instead stated their intention to harm freedom-loving civilians. While terrorists are determined in their hatred, they cannot match the strength, ingenuity, or systems of our democratic Government. Just as they typically rely on rudimentary methods to attack unprotected and unsuspecting individuals, we must increase our vigilance to deal effectively with man-made or natural threats. The intent of this guide is to provide a general document that educates Federal employees on the repercussions of various attack scenarios (or unintentional accidents) and to identify the steps that employees can take before and during an attack to mitigate the repercussions of an event. While the scope of this guide is to provide general information, resources (with website addresses) have been included which offer more comprehensive information on preparing for emergency events."
United States. Office of Personnel Management
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Funding Homeland Security
This document answers questions about the Department of Homeland Security and how to evaluate the importance of each agency within the department. This evaluation allows the Office of Management and Budget to work collaboratively with the Office of Homeland Security to develop a budget for homeland security activities.
United States. Office of Management and Budget
Daniel, Michael
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Individual's Guide for Understanding and Surviving Terrorism
This reference publication gives an overview of terrorism, explains antiterrorism individual protective measures, and what to do if taken hostage.
MCRP 3-02E supersedes Fleet Marine Force Reference Publication (FMFRP) 7-14A, The Individual's Guide for Understanding and Surviving Terrorism, dated 31 October 1989, and FMFRP 7-37, Vehicle Bomb Search, dated 30 April 1990.
United States. Marine Corps
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Images of the World Trade Center Site Show Thermal Hot Spots on September 16 and 23, 2001 [website]
This report presents results of Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) remote sensing data and interpretations that map the distribution and intensity of thermal hot spots in the area in and around the World Trade Center on September 16 and 23, 2001. Data collected on the 16th were processed, interprested and release to emergency response teams on the 18th of September, 2001. The September 23 data were processed, interpreted and the results released on October 12, 2001. The images of the World Trade Center site show significant thermal hot spots on Sept. 16, 2001. By Sept. 23, 2001, most of the hot spots had cooled or the fires had been put out.
Geological Survey (U.S.)
Clark, Roger N.; Green, Robert O.; Swayze, Gregg A.
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InfraGard [website]
InfraGard is a partnership between Private Industry and the U.S. government (represented by the FBI). The InfraGard initiative was developed to encourage the exchange of information by the government and the private sector members. Private sector members and an FBI field representative form local area chapters. These chapters set up their own boards to govern and share information within the membership. Each chapter is also part of an organization which is InfraGard.
Infragard
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United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) [website]
The Department of Health and Human Services is the United States government's principal agency for protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services, especially for those who are least able to help themselves.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
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National Communications System Annual Report: Fiscal Year 2001: Exploring Solutions for Communications Reliability
This report highlights significant national security and emergency preparedness (NS/EP) telecommunications events and major NCS initiative, actions and accomplishments during FY 2001.
National Communications System (U.S.)
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Homeland Security and Geographic Information Systems: How GIS and Mapping Technology Can Save Lives and Protect Property in Post-September 11th America
Timely, accurate information, easily accessed and capable of being shared across federal, state, and local political jurisdictions is fundamental to the decision making capability of those tasked with the homeland security mission.
But without the real-time ability to quickly visualize activity patterns, map locations, and understand the multi-layered geospatial context of emergency situations, homeland security will not be achieved. The current state of geospatial information technology can provide decision-makers the data they need to confidently confront a wide variety of threats including natural disasters, terrorist attacks, sabotage, and similar crises. However, the current implementation of that technology, across all the federal, state, and local agencies and jurisdictions necessary to fully coordinate an effective response, is seriously lacking in specific areas. As the concept of Homeland Security becomes infused into the work-a-day pattern of government and the everyday life of our citizens, decision makers will greatly profit from the crisis management "edge" that GIS provides. Homeland Security leaders should understand and implement the policy changes necessary to fully realize this
technology's capability, and make the management decisions necessary to implement it on a national basis.
United States. Federal Geographic Data Committee
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Effects-Based Operations: The End of Dominant Maneuver?
This essay introduces Effects-Based Operations as the term was originally coined and applied in an analysis of the Gulf War air campaign's targeting. The author then provides a theoretical assessment of effects-based operations, addresses the three aspects of effects-based operations, and provides a model illustrating the use of compelling and coercive forces in war. He then discusses a new version of effects-based operations and recommends that the Joint Forces Command define the parameters of effects-based operations and its associated relevance to each level of war. Regardless of how the term is defined, the author contends that effects-based operations will not end the requirement for dominant ground maneuver.
Army War College (U.S.)
Cheek, Gary H.
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Office for Domestic Preparedness: Weapons of Mass Destruction Training Program: Enhancing State and Local Capabilities to Respond to Incidents of Terrorism
The ODP training program enhances the capability of the Nation to prepare for and respond to events of terrorism involving weapons of mass destruction, including chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive (CBRNE)
devices. ODP awards grants to State and local jurisdictions based upon needs and vulnerabilities assessments. ODP provides assistance to State and local jurisdictions through equipment acquisition support, training, exercises, and
technical assistance. The ODP training programs are tailored for a broad
spectrum of emergency responders, including fire service, hazardous materials, law enforcement, emergency medical services, public health, emergency management, public works agencies, governmental administrative, healthcare,
and public safety communications.
United States. Office of Justice Programs. Office for Domestic Preparedness
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Public Safety and Homeland Security Bureau [website]
The Public Safety and Homeland Security Bureau's mission is to "collaborate with the public safety community, industry and other government entities to license, facilitate, restore and recover communications services used by the citizens of the United States, including first responders, before, during and after emergencies by disseminating critical information to the public and by implementing the Commission's policy initiatives." The primary goal of PSHSB is to "support and advance initiatives that further strengthen and enhance the security and reliability of the nation's communications infrastructure and public safety and emergency response capabilities that will better enable the FCC to assist the public, first responders, law enforcement, hospitals, the communications industry and all levels of government in the event of a natural disaster, pandemic or terrorist attack."
United States. Federal Communications Commission
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U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission - Aviation Security
"Civil aviation security exists to prevent criminal activity on aircraft and in airports. Criminal activity includes acts such as hijacking (air piracy), damaging or destroying aircraft and nearby areas with bombs, and assaulting passengers and aviation employees. Today, aviation security is high on the list of priorities of air travelers, the Federal Government, and the international air community. In the earliest days of aviation, however, aviation security was only a minor concern." This essay provides a brief historical overview of aviation violence and aviation security.
United States. Centennial of Flight Commission
Rumerman, Judy A.
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U. S. Coast Guard Office of Search and Rescue [website]
This website contains information regarding: "Search and Rescue (SAR) is one of the Coast Guard's oldest missions. Minimizing the loss of life, injury, property damage or loss by rendering aid to persons in distress and property in the maritime environment has always been a Coast Guard priority. Coast Guard SAR response involves multi-mission stations, cutters, aircraft and boats linked by communications networks. The National SAR Plan divides the U.S. area of SAR responsibility into internationally recognized inland and maritime SAR regions. The Coast Guard is the Maritime SAR Coordinator. To meet this responsibility, the Coast Guard maintains SAR facilities on the East, West and Gulf coasts; in Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, and Puerto Rico, as well as on the Great Lakes and inland U.S. waterways. The Coast Guard is recognized worldwide as a leader in the field of search and rescue."
United States. Coast Guard
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NASA Goddard Space Flight Center: Search and Rescue Mission Office [website]
This is the official site of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Search and Rescue Mission Office. The site contains research and development materials on search, rescue, and recovery systems and equipment such as location tracking systems, transmitters, receivers, and antennas capable of locating aircraft, ships, spacecraft, or individuals in potential or actual distress.
United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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United States Navy Fact File [website]
This site provides links to information on multiple weapons and systems, including: aircraft of varying types, guns and weapons, missiles, people, submarines, surface ships, underwater search, and military sealift command.
United States. Department of the Navy
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Fire and Explosion Planning Matrix
"Recent terrorist events in the United States underscore the importance of fire prevention and workplace emergency planning efforts. Fires or explosions created by arson or an explosive device can be the quickest way for a terrorist to affect a targeted business. Consequently, the Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) developed this Fire and Explosion Planning Matrix to provide employers with planning considerations and on-line resources that may help employers reduce their vulnerability to, or the consequences of, a terrorist's explosive device or act of arson."
United States. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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Evacuation Planning Matrix
"Recent terrorist events in the United States underscore the importance of workplace evacuation planning. Consequently, OSHA [Occupational Safety & Health Administration] developed this Evacuation Planning Matrix to provide employers with planning considerations and on-line resources that may help employers reduce their vulnerability to a terrorist act or the impact of a terrorist release. Terrorist incidents are not emergencies that OSHA expects an employer to reasonably anticipate. However, if a terrorist release does occur in or near your workplace, an effective evacuation plan increases the likelihood that your employees will reach shelter safely."
United States. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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Hazard-Unique Planning Considerations
This document provides guidance for developing hazard-specific appendices. Hazard-specific appendices offer a means of extending functional annexes to address special and unique response procedures, notifications, protective actions, emergency public information, and other needs generated by a particular hazard. They allow the jurisdiction, in its EOP, to address priorities identified through hazard analysis and to meet detailed regulatory requirements associated with some hazards. A hazard-specific appendix should be prepared for any functional annex that does not, by itself, give enough information to perform the function adequately in the face of a particular high-priority hazard. Some hazards may require that appendices be prepared for various functional annexes; others may affect planning for only one or two functions. Appendices may be long or very brief depending upon need.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
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Industrial Chemicals and Terrorism: Human Health Threat Analysis, Mitigation and Prevention
"Terrorists, warring factions, and saboteurs use chemicals commonly found in communities in industrialized nations to create improvised explosives, incendiaries, and chemical agents. Common chemicals may be used because standard military chemical agents may be difficult or dangerous to manufacture, access, or disperse. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) developed a 10-step procedure to analyze, mitigate, and prevent public health hazards resulting from terrorism involving industrial chemicals. The procedure includes identifying key information such as potential threats, local sources of chemicals of potential use to terrorists, exposure pathways, impacts on human health and infrastructure, health risk communication needs, and mitigation and prevention methods. The information identified during these steps is then incorporated into emergency response plans and training exercises. Results of applying the 10-step procedure to two communities are discussed."
United States. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Hughart, Joseph L.; Bashor, Mark M.
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Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES) [website]
OLES helps law enforcement, corrections, and criminal justice agencies ensure that the equipment they purchase and the technologies they use are safe, dependable, and effective. The Office focuses on the development of performance standards. It contains information on project and focus areas and a variety of related publications.
National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)
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Public Affairs Guidance for Homeland Defense Chemical Biological Umbrella Program Test
This document provides guidance to public affairs officers in preparation for questions on the Homeland Defense Chemical Biological Umbrella (HDCBU) Program Test. As part of the Homeland Defense Chemical Biological Umbrella
(HDCBU) Program, the Multi-Mission Sensor (MMS) Team conducted a system
technical end-to-end test vicinity of Oklahoma City (OKC) from April 27 - May 11, 2004. This is the seventh in a series of tests designed to evaluate the feasibility of radars for early warning of a chemical or biological aerial release. The data collected will be used to determine the technical readiness of the radar early warning software and algorithms being developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Lincoln Laboratories and of the overall system.
United States. Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense
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CDC Emergency Response Resources [website]
This section of the CDC website provides numerous links to emergency response resources, and is divided into the following topics: Emergency Responders, Disaster Site Management, Terrorism Response, Personal Protective Equipment, Natural Disasters, Chemical Agent Information, and Emergency Preparedness for Business. In addition, there are a number of fact sheets for firefighters, emergency medical personnel, and other first responders.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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U.S. Fire Administration [website]
The USFA Web site provides numerous emergency response and incident command system resources intended for Fire and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) professionals and other emergency responders. Items include downloadable documents, videotapes and kits, books, and other resources.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
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United States Air Force Counterproliferation Center [website]
The USAF Counterproliferation Center provides a website that contains numerous links to information regarding chemical, nuclear, biological, and conventional weapons, technologies, and effects. Links to organizations, treaties, historical notes, and related information are also provided.
USAF Counterproliferation Center
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Secretary Colin L. Powell's Remarks with His Excellency Joschka Fischer, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Federal Republic of German, Washington, DC (November 20, 2001)
Secretary Colin Powell and German Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer discuss the Middle East peace process and reconstruction in Afghanistan.
United States. Department of State
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U.S. Department of State [website]
The State Department is the primary diplomatic body of the United States charged with the mission to "create a more secure, democratic, and prosperous world for the benefit of the American people and the international community". Aside from the goodwill missions and diplomacy, this body is the frontline mediator in international efforts.
United States. Department of State
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American Society of International Law [website]
The American Society of International Law is dedicated to "advancing the study and use of international law." It also serves as an educational institution in international law. Although membership is required for full services, its website offers news and important resources.
American Society of International Law
