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Association of Minnesota Emergency Managers [website]
This is the website of the Association of Minnesota Emergency Managers (AMEM) which was established in 1955 and is "comprised of over 400 county, city and other emergency response planners throughout the state of Minnesota. The association strives to develop a solid network of experienced Emergency Management professionals; foster and advocate the development of procedures and programs which advance disaster preparedness thought Minnesota; insure a high caliber of training and professional development; and cultivate a professional society for its' members."
Association of Minnesota Emergency Managers
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Office of Justice Programs Anti-Terrorism Funding Sources
Terrorism within the borders of the United States has been a focus of attention for emergency response agencies since the bombings of the World Trade Center in 1993 and the Alfred P. Murrah building in Oklahoma City in 1995. Since September 11, 2001, public agencies at every level of government have made building the capacity to prevent and respond to terrorist attacks a high priority. State and local agencies are drawing on resources to address their needs from a number of sources, including several grant programs administered by the Office of Justice Programs (OJP) in the U.S. Department of Justice. OJP resources that can be used by state and local jurisdictions to prepare and respond to domestic terrorism are available primarily through four OJP components: the Office for Domestic Preparedness (ODP), the Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA), the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), and the Office for Victims of Crime (OVC). In addition, the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) collects and analyzes statistical data and provides financial and technical support to state governments in developing state capabilities in criminal justice statistics and data. ODP focuses on training, equipment acquisition, technical assistance, and support for national, state, and local exercises. Information about the ODP State Administering Agency (SAA) points of contact is available at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/state.htm. BJA provides funding to states and localities for use by law enforcement agencies and funds several training and technical assistance initiatives that could aid law enforcement in preventing and responding to terrorist acts. OVC plays an active role in assisting victims of mass casualty terrorist crimes.
United States. Bureau of Justice Assistance
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Civilian Control of the Military
"The United States has engaged in relatively few sustained military efforts since 1789. As a result, American public interest has focused primarily on domestic matters, while attention to foreign affairs and national defense has been sporadic. In general, public-opinion polls show that most Americans are relatively indifferent toward foreign policy matters, and only at times of international crisis is their interest heightened. One-third of the 18 enumerated powers in Article I Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution deal with military and foreign policy matters. In constructing a new national government, the Founders understood the importance of establishing a government that could properly defend the country. The Founders had a genuine fear of the abuse of military power, a concern that a strong executive could, over time, degrade into dictatorship or demagoguery. History had taught them that this abuse was not infrequent. Thus, they believed it was necessary to demonstrate that under the new Constitution the military would be subject to civilian authority in order to protect democracy. This is the essential, and, after all, the only efficacious security for the rights and privileges of the people which is attainable in civil society. The Founders recognized the importance of a standing army for protection and defense but believed that considerable care should be taken in order to preserve liberty and prevent abuses of power. Yet, like many principles in the Constitution, the details of civilian control are never clearly spelled out in the Constitution."
United States. Department of State. Bureau of International Information Programs
Cairo, Michael F.
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Federalism & Democracy
"The 2000 presidential contest was one of the most closely divided - and confusing - elections in American history. Not until a month after voters cast their ballots did it became certain that Republican candidate George W. Bush would claim the title of the nation's 43rd president. In the interim, the world watched as the fight for votes in Florida repeatedly bounced from local to state to federal courts and back again, before a U.S. Supreme Court decision settled the matter. What many foreign observers found puzzling was how voting standards could vary so much from place to place or how local officials could play such an important role in a national election. American citizens also may have been surprised by the differences in voting procedures from state to state, but the interplay of local, state, and national governments could scarcely have seemed unusual. Zoning, traffic control, sanitation, educational administration, street repair, and a hundred other services are all managed primarily by local officials, acting under a grant of authority from the state. State government controls much educational policy, criminal justice, business and professional regulation, public health, among a variety of other important areas. As colonists, the Founding Fathers had chafed under the authority imposed by the distant British imperial government and had come to view centralized power as a threat to their rights and liberties. This system of divided power, federalism, is widely acknowledged not only to be a unique American contribution to the theory of government but part of the genius of the American constitutional system itself."
United States. Department of State. Bureau of International Information Programs
Bodenhamer, David J.
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Homeland Defense & Homeland Security Studies [website]
This website "provides links to vast amounts of information on homeland defense and homeland security studies including, federal, state and local resources, along DoD directives and instructions." The mission of the Homeland Defense & Homeland Security center is to "provide the Department of Defense, United States Air Force and sister services a leading-edge, homeland defense research and education center. More specifically, the center will facilitate student and faculty research across the joint homeland defense spectrum, while at the same time, developing and implementing education on critical defense issues essential for protecting the US homeland and its infrastructure. Additionally, the center will provide a synergistic interface with the Department of Homeland Security and other agencies to help inform, enlighten and educate homeland defense and homeland security leaders and first responders on their responsibilities to the local, state and national community."
Air University (U.S.). Air War College
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Initial Scope of Joint Inquiry into the Intelligence Community's Activities before and after the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks on the United States
This 2 page document outlines the purpose of the Joint Inquiry into the Intelligence Community's activities before and after the September 11,2001 terrorist attacks on the United States.
United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence
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Remarks on 'the New American Way of War'
An "American Way of War" emerged after the end of the Cold War, in successive combat experiences. The current war in Iraq, once successfully concluded, is going to create a dramatically new strategic environment, at least in the Gulf area. In the new era, it goes hand in glove with minimizing own casualties and, as strike capabilities have evolved, controlling collateral damage. The elements of the Desert Storm toolkit had been greatly improved across the 1990s, but applied piecemeal. The U.S. has planned the operation carefully, leaving the initial planning to the Combat Commander, but subjecting it to the usual intense interaction with Washington, with a more engaged Secretary of Defense than previously. Notwithstanding, the conquest of Iraq will allow the U.S. to finally stand down Northern Watch and Southern Watch and to disband the maritime interception operation (MIO) in the Gulf. The U.S. will not be able to relax on homeland defense or in the pursuit of al Qaeda from country to country. For this Administration, it appears to be wrapping up unfinished business of 1991, aggravated by 9/11 and the frustrations of definitively clearing out WMD from Iraq. The U.S. got other countries (especially the Saudis, Germans, and Japanese) to cover most of the $62 billion cost of Desert Storm in 1990-1991, but will have to finance OIF itself. In OIF, the primary goal is regime change, and with it, the final disposition of Iraq's WMD capabilities, on the ground, not through inspections or voluntary Iraqi actions.
United States. Department of the Army
Gaffney, Henry H.
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Brief History of the Army Reserve
Whereas the National Guard evolved from the tradition of the decentralized colonial or State controlled militia system, the Army evolved from the reality that a significant portion of the nation's military reserve must be centrally controlled in times of peace and war by the Federal Government. The concept for an American Federal reserve force was first proposed by General George Washington, Generals Frederick von Stueben, Henry Knox, and Alexander Hamilton during the formative years of the United States military establishment (1783-92). Due to the lack of a visible threat to national security, combined with the young republic's regional focus, only a paramilitary structure for Army reserve officer training materialized during the nineteenth century. The private military academy, Norwich University, founded in 1819 by Captain Alden Partridge for training citizen-soldiers as officers, is considered the origin of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC). Initially, in 1908, Congress established the Medical Reserve Corps. Then, using its constitutional authority "to raise and support armies," Congress passed legislation in 1916 and 1920 creating the Organized Reserve Corps, which included the Officers Reserve Corps, the Enlisted Reserve Corps, and the ROTC. One of Roosevelt's New Deal programs, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), placed young men in barracks and military-style organizations to work in national forests and other outdoor projects. In the year that followed, the number of Reserve officers on active duty rose from less than 3,000 to more than 57,000.
United States. Department of the Army
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Short History of Homeland Defense
Providing for the common defense was a crucial and basic government obligation that has been of importance since the Preamble of the Constitution. With the Revolution fresh in their minds, American leaders considered Britain the main enemy and a second war and possible invasion their greatest threats. France, although being a Revolution ally, claimed ownership of a huge tract to the west that posed a potential threat to American interests. In the interior of the United States, settlers confronted American Indians as the boundaries of the country pushed west. The Army and the Navy were the homeland defense. Fort Monroe, Va., Fort Washington, Md., and Fort McNair, Washington, D.C., are also remnants of these homeland defense efforts. While Americans still considered the Atlantic and Pacific oceans enough of a defense against foreign enemies, a strong Navy upon those waters was important.
United States. Department of the Army
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Italian Army's Role in Homeland Security
Since the unification of the peninsula, the Italian Army has been actively involved in homeland security operations. In particular, the Army's role dramatically increased in 1992, when the Italian Government decided to employ some thousands of soldiers in Sicily, to cooperate with the State police and the "Carabinieri" in opposing the local organized crime. The purpose of this research is to analyze the different homeland security operations carried on by the Italian Army, drawing out from them the lessons learned and to find how these experiences could be utilized to face the threats posed by the new international strategic environment of international terrorism, failed states and rogue states.
Army War College (U.S.)
Serino, Pietro
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Addressing the Needs of the Seriously Mentally Ill in Disaster
"In the acute stages of a disaster, those with serious mental illness may function relatively well. Like the rest of the population, they often 'rise to the occasion' to assist themselves and others in a time of great need. However, persons with severe and often chronic mental illness are a vulnerable group whose well-being is especially threatened by the social disruption of the post-disaster setting. Addressing their disaster needs can mitigate or prevent adverse outcomes."
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress
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EMS.gov [website]
The NHTSA's [National Highway Traffic Safety Administration] Office of EMS [Emergency Medical Services] "advances a national vision for EMS through projects and research; fosters collaboration among Federal agencies involved in EMS planning; measures the health of Nation's EMS systems; and delivers the data EMS leaders need to help advance their systems. Office of EMS Initiatives [include]: Education - Collecting and sharing standardized EMS data to support improvements in patient care and EMS systems; Workforce - Supporting efforts to strengthen workforce viability nationwide; Research - Analyzing data and measuring performance to enable improvement in EMS systems; EMS Data - Collecting & sharing standardized EMS data to support improvements in patient care and EMS systems; Advancing EMS Systems - Supporting the importance of developing EMS as a coordinated system of care; Preparedness - Fostering collaboration across the Federal government to enhance readiness for catastrophic incidents; Safety - Protecting the health & safety of EMS practitioners and their patients; and 911 System - Providing leadership and coordination to support and promote optimal 911 services."
United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
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RadNet: Nationwide Environmental Radiation Tracking [website]
"RadNet is a national network of monitoring stations that regularly collect air, precipitation, drinking water, and milk samples for analysis of radioactivity. The RadNet network, which has stations in each State, has been used to track environmental releases of radioactivity from nuclear weapons tests and nuclear accidents. Future uses of this network might include monitoring waste disposal and radioactive cleanup sites. RadNet also documents the status and trends of environmental radioactivity"
National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory (U.S.)
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National Security & Veterans Affairs: Homeland Security
This webpage lists a variety of reports about homeland security funding by agency, state, tribes and other demographic information. Additionally there are reports about border patrol arrests.
U.S. Census Bureau
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Crime in the United States [HSDL Holdings]
This is a collection of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Crime in the United States reports. "Since 1996, editions of Crime in the United States have been available on the FBI's Web site www.fbi.gov, first in Portable Document Format (PDF) files, and more recently in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) files. The FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program staff are committed to improving their annual publications so that the data they collect can better meet the needs of law enforcement, criminologists, sociologists, legislators, municipal planners, the media, and other students of criminal justice who use the statistics for varied administrative, research, and planning purposes. For more information about how the UCR Program collects data, see About the Uniform Crime Reporting Program. Crime in the United States, 2009, presents data tables containing information on the topics listed below. Data users can download Microsoft Excel spreadsheets of the data tables and Adobe PDFs of most of the texts shown."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
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Annual Report to Congress on Foreign Economic Collection and Industrial Espionage [HSDL Holdings]
This is a collection of Foreign Economic and Industrial Espionage reports from the Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive (ONIX) of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence. From the text: "The threat to the United States from foreign economic collection and industrial espionage is appraised in these annual reports to Congress. Compiled by the ONCIX, these threat assessments represent significant contributions from the Counterintelligence Community."
United States. Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive
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American Islamic Forum for Democracy (AIFD) [website]
"The American Islamic Forum for Democracy's (AIFD) mission is to advocate for the preservation of the founding principles of the United States Constitution, liberty and freedom, through the separation of mosque and state. AIFD is the most prominent American Muslim organization directly confronting the ideologies of political Islam and openly countering the common belief that the Muslim faith is inextricably rooted to the concept of the Islamic State (Islamism). Founded by Dr. M. Zuhdi Jasser, AIFD looks to build the future of Islam through the concepts of liberty and freedom. AIFD's mission is derived from a love for America and a love of our faith of Islam. Dr. Jasser and the board of AIFD believe that Muslims can better practice Islam in an environment that protects the rights of an individual to practice their faith as they choose. The theocratic 'Islamic' regimes of the Middle East and some Muslim majority nations use Islam as a way to control Muslim populations, not to glorify God as they portend. The purest practice of Islam is one in which Muslims have complete freedom to accept or reject any of the tenants or laws of the faith no different than we enjoy as Americans in this Constitutional republic. AIFD believes that the root cause of Islamist terrorism is the ideology of political Islam and a belief in the preference for and supremacy of the Islamic state. Terrorism is but a means to that end. Most Islamist terror is driven by the desire of Islamists to drive the influence of the west (the ideas of liberty) out of the Muslim consciousness and Muslim majority societies. The underlying philosophy of Islamism is what western society should fear most. With almost a quarter of the world's population Muslim, American security will never come without an understanding and winning out of the ideas of liberty by Muslims and an understanding of the harm of political Islam by non-Muslims."
American Islamic Forum for Democracy (AIFD)
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Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) [website]
The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center "has the responsibility for the dissemination of messages and the provision of interpretive information to emergency managers and other officials, news media, and the public." The geographical areas under the responsibility of the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center are: "Pacific - International"; "Pacific - U.S. Interests"; "Hawai'i"; "Indian Ocean"; "Caribbean Sea"; "Caribbean Sea - U.S. Interests"; and "South China Sea".
United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
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Earthquake Country Alliance [website]
"The Earthquake Country Alliance (ECA) is a statewide 'alliance of alliances' linking the public information efforts of organizations and individuals that provide earthquake information and services. Participants include the Redwood Coast Tsunami Workgroup, the Bay Area Earthquake Alliance, the Central Coast Earthquake Alliance, and the Southern California Earthquake Alliance (new name of the original 'ECA'). Other regional alliances may join the ECA in the future representing other parts of the state. ECA members include: scientists and engineers; non-profit organization and business leaders; community groups and activists; federal, state, and local government leaders and agencies; tribes; and others who share a passion for making a difference towards reducing California's earthquake risk. Join today using one of our online forms. You can also view our participant lists to see who is involved. Soon earthquakecountry.org will be updated to provide a one-stop source for regional alliance activities and general earthquake preparedness, mitigation, and safety information through its related websites daretoprepare.org, dropcoverholdon.org, terremotos.org (Spanish information), and ShakeOut.org, the website of the annual statewide earthquake drill that the ECA organizes with its many partners. The ECA's main strategy is to coordinate the earthquake information materials and programs of organizations with related missions and activities, so that the public receives information that is consistent, from multiple sources they trust, through multiple channels, and serves all California residents."
Southern California Earthquake Center
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National Weather Service - Hydrologic Information Center [website]
The National Weather Service Hydrologic Information Center website provides the following information: flood damage data, facility data, spring flood outlook, loss reports and flood safety information.
United States. National Weather Service
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WaterWatch [website]
"WaterWatch is a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) World Wide Web site that displays maps, graphs, and tables describing real-time, recent, and past streamflow conditions for the United States. The real-time information generally is updated on an hourly basis. WaterWatch provides streamgage-based maps that show the location of more than 3,000 long-term (30 years or more) USGS streamgages; use colors to represent streamflow conditions compared to historical streamflow; feature a point-and-click interface allowing users to retrieve graphs of stream stage (water elevation) and flow; and highlight locations where extreme hydrologic events, such as floods and droughts, are occurring. The streamgage-based maps show streamflow conditions for real-time, average daily, and 7-day average streamflow. The real-time streamflow maps highlight flood and high flow conditions. The 7-day average streamflow maps highlight below-normal and drought conditions. WaterWatch also provides hydrologic unit code (HUC) maps. HUC-based maps are derived from the streamgage-based maps and illustrate streamflow conditions in hydrologic regions. These maps show average streamflow conditions for 1-, 7-, 14-, and 28-day periods, and for monthly average streamflow; highlight regions of low flow or hydrologic drought; and provide historical runoff and streamflow conditions beginning in 1901. WaterWatch summarizes streamflow conditions in a region (state or hydrologic unit) in terms of the long-term typical condition at streamgages in the region. Summary tables are provided along with time-series plots that depict variations through time. WaterWatch also includes tables of current streamflow information and locations of flooding."
Geological Survey (U.S.)
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Disease Maps [website]
This website contains dynamic Disease Maps for the United States for the following infectious diseases: West Nile Virus (WNV), St. Louis Encephalitis (SLE), Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE), Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE), La Crosse Encephalitis (LAC), Powassan Virus (POW), Dengue Fever (locally acquired) (DEN-loc), Dengue Fever (imported) (DEN-imp), Chikungunya (locally acquired) (CHIK-loc), and Chikungunya (imported) (CHIK-imp).
Geological Survey (U.S.)
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ICE Annual Report: Protecting National Security and Upholding Public Safety [HSDL Holdings ]
This Homeland Security Digital Library (HSDL) list contains the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement's (ICE)annual reports. The reports contain data and statistics regarding ICE's activities throughout the given year.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security. Homeland Security Digital Library
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State & Local Planners Playbook for Medical Response to a Nuclear Detonation
"This State and Local planners Playbook is a resource developed by non-government and government subject matter experts from the Nuclear Detonation Scarce Resources Working Group. It is not a 'must follow' structured road-map. It is offered as a guide to assist State, regional, local, tribal, and territorial medical and public health planners and other subject matter experts preparing their venues for a nuclear detonation. [...] This is a living document that will be updated periodically on this website. Users are encouraged to submit comments through the website and to join the REMM ListServ to receive notice of important changes to the Playbook and the REMM website." The site provides background information, action steps, additional information sources, a manuscript list, and an acronym list.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response
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USFA: Firefighter fatalities in the United States
"The U. S. Fire Administration tracks and collects information on the causes of on-duty firefighter fatalities that occur in the United States. We conduct an annual analysis to identify specific problems so that we may direct efforts toward finding solutions that will reduce firefighter fatalities in the future. This information is also used to measure the effectiveness of programs directed toward firefighter health and safety."
United States Fire Administration
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Fire-Related Firefighter Injuries Reported to NFIRS
"Every occupation brings degrees of safety risk. At the fire scene, on the way to or from a fire, or even while training, firefighters face the chance of suffering an injury and possibly death. Each year, tens of thousands of fire-fighters are injured while fighting fires, rescuing people, responding to emergency medical incidents, responding to hazardous material incidents, or training for their job. Between the years of 2006 and 2008, there were an estimated 81,070 firefighter injuries of which 39,715 occurred on the fireground. While the majority of injuries are minor, a significant number are debilitating and career-ending. Such injuries exact a great toll on the fabric of the fire service. From the need to adjust staffing levels and rotations to accommodate injuries, to the focus of the fire service on injury prevention, injuries and their prevention are a primary concern. In addition, the fire service has done much to improve firefighter safety. Firefighter health and safety initiatives, incident command structure, training, and protective gear are but a few areas where time, energy, and resources have been well-spent. Nonetheless, firefighting is, by its very nature, a hazardous profession. Injuries can and do occur. This topical report addresses the details of firefighter injuries sustained at or responding to a fire incident, focusing on data submitted to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) 2006 to 2008. The statistics presented are from the analysis of the 2006 to 2008 NFIRS, version 5.0 data."
United States Fire Administration
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Ransomware: What it is and What to Do About it
From the Document: "This document is a U.S. government interagency technical guidance document aimed to inform Chief Information Officers and Chief Information Security Officers at critical infrastructure entities, including small, medium and large sized organizations. This document provides an aggregate of already existing Federal government and private industry best practices and mitigation strategies focused on the prevention and response to ransomware incidents."
United States. Department of Homeland Security; North Carolina. Department of Health and Human Services; United States. Department of Justice
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User Organization Responsibilities for the Government Emergency Telecommunications Service and Wireless Priority Service
From the Introduction: "The Government Emergency Telecommunications Service (GETS) and Wireless Priority Service (WPS) support national leadership; Federal, State, local and tribal governments; and other authorized national security and emergency preparedness (NS/EP) users. GETS provides priority access and prioritized processing in landline networks, and WPS provides the same in all nationwide and several regional cellular networks. GETS and WPS are intended to be used in an emergency when the landline or wireless networks are congested and the probability of completing a normal call is reduced."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Emergency Communications
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Priority Telecommunications Services
From the Document: "The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Office of Emergency Communications (OEC) offers a suite of Priority Telecommunications Services designed to support national security and public safety communications availability for government officials, emergency responders, and critical infrastructure owners and operators."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Emergency Communications
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Disaster Supervisor Resiliency Training: Instructor Training Manual
From the Document: "This is a four hour course entitled 'Disaster Supervisor Resiliency Training'. The goal of this training program is to prepare supervisors of disaster workers and volunteers to be proactive in recognizing and responding to disaster worker stress and trauma, be aware of their own reactions, and provide leadership to increase individual and organizational resiliency."
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; United States. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
