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Findings in Prison Classification and Risk Assessment
From the Document: "The past three decades have witnessed considerable changes to prison classification systems. Before 1980, only the California Department of Corrections and the Federal Bureau of Prisons used objective classification systems. Subjective classification, which relied heavily upon the judgment of a wide array of prison officials to determine where a prisoner would be housed, and under what forms of supervision and security, was used at that time by practically all of the state prison systems. Since 1980, virtually all 50 states as well as Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands have fully implemented objective systems. [...] Out of the wide proliferation of objective classification systems has grown a body of literature that has helped to shape and modify the first generation of prison classification systems. Some of these classification studies have been conducted by state prison systems while others have been sponsored by federal agencies- in particular the National Institute of Corrections and the National Institute of Justice. The purpose of this report is to summarize the new information and knowledge learned. Based on these 'lessons learned,' suggestions are offered to show that credible and valid classification and risk assessment systems are needed now, more than ever, to improve correctional operations and performance while reducing costs and recidivism."
Department of Justice. Federal Bureau of Prisons; National Institute of Corrections (U.S.)
Austin, James
2003-06-25
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Nuclear Weapons Complex Modernization, Hearing Before the Strategic Forces Subcommittee of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Second Session, July 17, 2008
From the statement of Ellen Tauscher: ""Today, we will consider the National Nuclear Security Administration's (NNSA) plan for modernizing the nuclear weapons complex, what the NNSA calls its plan for a Complex Transformation. I want to welcome our first panel of distinguished witnesses, starting with the Administrator of the NNSA, Under Secretary Tom D'Agostino. It is a pleasure to have you back before the subcommittee, Under Secretary, and thank you very much for all the cooperation and all the great work you and the thousands of people that you represent do every day for the American people. Following the Administrator's testimony, we will be joined at the witness table by the team of experts that manage and operate the NNSA nuclear weapons complex, whom I will introduce at that time. This topic has not received the attention it deserves. The maintenance and modernization of the nuclear weapons complex is a prerequisite to the continuing success of the science-based Stockpile Stewardship Program." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Terry Everett, Gene Aloise, Thomas D'Agostino, Marylia Kelley, and C. Paul Robinson.
United States. Government Printing Office
2009
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What is the Price of Energy Security: From Battlefields to Bases, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Readiness of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session, Hearing Held March 29, 2012
From opening statement of Madeleine Z. Bordallo: "Energy security is critical to the future of our military and our economy in the long run. Over the next three decades, the United States Department of Energy expects energy consumption to increase by 53 percent, which will create additional challenges and concerns to our economy and especially to our military. The Department of Defense accounts for approximately 80 percent of all Federal energy consumption, including both installation and operational energy needs. For example, energy costs increased about 25 percent from fiscal year 2010 to fiscal year 2011, yet consumption has declined. A significant factor in this increase was due to fuel costs. At a time of austere budgets, we need to make important investments in energy so that we can stabilize energy costs within the Department of Defense and allow those savings to be put back to supporting our warfighter in modernization, training, or other priorities." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Madeleine Z. Bordallo, J. Randy Forbes, Sharon Burke, Katherine Hammack, Jackalyne Pfannenstiel, Dorothy Robyn, Terry Yonkers, Silverstre Reyes, Roscoe Bartlett, Larry Kissell, Steven Palazzo, and Martha Roby.
United States. Government Printing Office
2012
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Y-12 Intrusion: Investigation, Response, and Accountability, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Strategic Forces of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session, Hearing Held September 13, 2012
This is the September 13, 2012 hearing on "Y-12 Intrusion: Investigation, Response, and Accountability," held before the U.S. House Committee on Armed Services, Subcommittee on Strategic Forces. From the opening statement of Michael Turner: "I would like to welcome everyone to today's hearing on the recent security breach at the Y--12 National Security Complex. As we all know from the press accounts, in the predawn hours of Saturday, July 28, three nuclear disarmament activists trespassed onto the grounds of the Y--12 complex in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The activists, including an 82-year-old Catholic nun, who is present with us today, cut through several fences and entered the high-security 'Protected Area' surrounding the Highly Enriched Uranium Materials Facility, HEUMF. The activists defaced an exterior building with spray paint, human blood, posters, crime scene tape, and other items before eventually being stopped and detained by members of the protective force. Reportedly, even once on the scene, the initial protective force member apparently did not respond with appropriate urgency. This level of intrusion in the perimeter of a supposedly highly secure nuclear weapons facility is unprecedented, and it is absolutely unacceptable. It is outrageous to think that the greatest threat to the American public from weapons of mass destruction may be the incompetence of DOE [Department of Energy] security." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Loretta Sanchez, Michael Turner, Neile L. Miller, and Daniel B. Poneman.
United States. Government Printing Office
2013
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Research on Trauma and PTSD in the Aftermath of 9/11
This article on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) presents a review of trauma research related to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. The article follows a timeline of research published on 9/11-related PTSD beginning with a report published within days of the event. From the article: "The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York City and upon the Pentagon in Washington, DC were unprecedented in scope in the United States. Approximately 2,800 people were killed in the attacks, 16 times more people than died in the Oklahoma City bombing, previously the largest terrorist attack on US soil. The scope and nature of the attacks suggested that there would be substantial mental health problems in New York City after the attacks and that these problems would extend beyond the direct victims of the attacks. [...] Several epidemiological studies were conducted in the aftermath of the September 11th attacks that made use of standardized assessment measures that allowed for good comparability across studies and that included design variations that allowed for focus on different segments of the U.S. and New York area populations primarily. These studies provided fairly consistent results, identifying elevated prevalence of PTSD and consistent predictors associated with PTSD in the initial few months post-event. Future research should also incorporate more sophisticated assessment of a range of coping responses such as those assessed by Silver et al. (2002) and Schuster et al. (2001). Results of the repeated cross-sectional studies of the population in New York indicate the importance of attending to additional mental health and behavioral outcomes such as substance use that may persist over longer periods following events like the attacks that occurred on September 11th. The data also point to the resilience of those in this population in terms of symptoms of PTSD over time."
National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (U.S.)
Galea, Sandro; Kilpatrick, Dean G.; Resnick, Heidi S., 1957-
2004
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Crime-Related PTSD: Emphasis on Adult General Population Samples
This article on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) provides an overview of crime-related trauma incidents. From the article: "This article highlights general population studies of crime-related PTSD that provide descriptive characteristics of crime events and information relevant to the study of PTSD etiology. Following a brief overview of critical issues in research on crime and its effects, the article is divided into two major areas: Prevalence, descriptive characteristics, and risk factors for exposure to crime events; and Prevalence, and risk factors for PTSD. Given the critical role of event characteristics in the etiology of PTSD based on the combat trauma literature, it is important to recognize the need to study the detailed characteristics of different types of crime in-depth. Information about PTSD etiology can be gained from and/ or cross-validated using new populations other than combat veterans. The study of crime-related trauma permits examination of varied trauma and individual characteristics. Furthermore, crime is much more than an academic issue. Unfortunately, crime is an ongoing threat, both for individuals previously victimized who may continue to live in fear as well as for those who may falsely believe that they are invulnerable to crime. Thus, study of crime victims also allows us to look at individuals who have recently been exposed to extreme stressor events and to follow the course of PTSD and other outcomes over time."
National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (U.S.)
Kilpatrick, Dean G.; Resnick, Heidi S., 1957-
1994
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2000 National Victim Assistance Academy
This report discusses many domestic law issues. Some topics include: specific justice systems, victim rights, financial assistance, mental health needs, substance abuse, domestic violence, sexual assault, child victimization, homicide, drunk driving, victimization of the elderly, victimization of people with diabetes, financial crime, news media coverage, and innovative technologies.
United States. Office of Justice Programs. Office for Victims of Crime
Walker, Steven D.; Kilpatrick, Dean G.; Wallace, Harvey
2010-01
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Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security: Recommendations of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
"This document provides guidance for establishing secure industrial control systems (ICS). These ICS, which include supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, distributed control systems (DCS), and other control system configurations such as skid-mounted Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) are often found in the industrial control sectors. ICS are typically used in industries such as electric, water, oil and gas, transportation, chemical, pharmaceutical, pulp and paper, food and beverage, and discrete manufacturing (e.g., automotive, aerospace, and durable goods.) SCADA systems are generally used to control dispersed assets using centralized data acquisition and supervisory control. DCS are generally used to control production systems within a local area such as a factory using supervisory and regulatory control. PLCs are generally used for discrete control for specific applications and generally provide regulatory control. These control systems are critical to the operation of the U.S. critical infrastructures that are often highly interconnected and mutually dependent systems. It is important to note that approximately 90 percent of the nation's critical infrastructures are privately owned and operated. Federal agencies also operate many of the ICS mentioned above; other examples include air traffic control and materials handling (e.g., Postal Service mail handling.) This document provides an overview of these ICS and typical system topologies, identifies typical threats and vulnerabilities to these systems, and provides recommended security countermeasures to mitigate the associated risks. Initially, ICS had little resemblance to traditional information technology (IT) systems in that ICS were isolated systems running proprietary control protocols using specialized hardware and software."
National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)
Falco, Joe; Scarfone, Karen; Stouffer, Keith
2007-09
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Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems, Distributed Control Systems (DCS), and Other Control System Configurations Such as Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC): Recommendations of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Final Public Draft
"This document provides guidance for establishing secure industrial control systems (ICS). These ICS, which include supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, distributed control systems (DCS), and other control system configurations such as skid-mounted Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) are often found in the industrial control sectors. ICS are typically used in industries such as electric, water and wastewater, oil and natural gas, transportation, chemical, pharmaceutical, pulp and paper, food and beverage, and discrete manufacturing (e.g., automotive, aerospace, and durable goods.) SCADA systems are generally used to control dispersed assets using centralized data acquisition and supervisory control. DCS are generally used to control production systems within a local area such as a factory using supervisory and regulatory control. PLCs are generally used for discrete control for specific applications and generally provide regulatory control. These control systems are vital to the operation of the U.S. critical infrastructures that are often highly interconnected and mutually dependent systems. It is important to note that approximately 90 percent of the nation's critical infrastructures are privately owned and operated. Federal agencies also operate many of the ICS mentioned above; other examples include air traffic control and materials handling (e.g., Postal Service mail handling.) This document provides an overview of these ICS and typical system topologies, identifies typical threats and vulnerabilities to these systems, and provides recommended security countermeasures to mitigate the associated risks."
National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)
Falco, Joe; Scarfone, Karen; Stouffer, Keith
2008-09
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Command Responsibility, Australian War Crimes in Afghanistan, and the Brereton Report
From the Introduction: "November 2020 Australia faced a reckoning with its recent past in Afghanistan. There had been growing disquiet for some time regarding rumored war crimes committed in Afghanistan by Australian special forces, corroborated by shocking footage screened on national television in 2017. On 19 November 2020 General Angus Campbell, Chief of the Australian Defence Force (ADF), released the summary of the final report of a long-running inquiry into those accusations. That report had been commissioned by the Inspector-General of the Australian Defence Force, an independent office outside the military chain of command. It is now widely known as the 'Brereton Report' after the head of the inquiry: Paul Brereton, a Justice of the New South Wales Court of Appeal and a major general in the Australian Army Reserves. Much of the report will remain redacted pending criminal proceedings before civilian courts. Its key finding is the identification of twenty-three incidents involving twenty-five Australian personnel resulting in thirty-nine killings which will be referred for prosecution. Critically, the report finds none of these killings occurred in heat of battle, nor 'in circumstances in which the intent of the perpetrator was unclear, confused or mistaken,' and that all persons involved understood the relevant law of armed conflict and rules of engagement. These were deliberate killings of unarmed persons, either 'hors de combat' or under Australian control, in circumstances where there could be no confusion as to their legal status or targetability. [...] This article examines the question of command responsibility for such crimes under international and Australian law, and how far such responsibility extends."
Naval War College (U.S.). International Law Studies
Guilfoyle, Douglas; Kyriakakis, Joanna; O'Brien, Melanie
2022
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Opportunities and Actions for Ocean Science and Technology (2022-2028)
From the Executive Summary: "As a maritime Nation, the United States relies heavily on healthy and resilient ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes ecosystems. 'Science and Technology for America's Oceans: A Decadal Vision' identified pressing research needs and areas of opportunity within the Ocean science and technology (S&T) enterprise for the decade 2018-2028. Each of the goals identified relies on, and contributes to, three cross-cutting themes: (1) Climate Change, (2) Resilient Ocean S&T Infrastructure, and (3) a Diverse and Inclusive BlueWorkforce, all of which include connections to racial justice and equity. While the Decadal Vision lists a series of priorities to advance the U.S. Ocean S&T enterprise, this document includes additional priorities related to each of the three cross-cutting themes. The outlined priorities within each theme are intended to guide the development of future Federal ocean research implementation plans within each agency. This document also presents six immediate opportunities for ocean solutions and collaborative efforts: (1) Facilitate offshore wind energy development; (2) Coordinate coastal resilience efforts; (3) Conserve and protect critical ecosystems through the America the Beautiful initiative effort to conserve at least 30% of U.S. land and ocean by 2030; (4) Explore implementation of blue carbon solutions; (5) Support the National Ocean Mapping, Exploration, and Characterization (NOMEC) plan; and (6) Engage in the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development."
United States. Office of Science and Technology Policy
National Science and Technology Council (U.S.). Subcommittee on Ocean Science and Technology
2022-03
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Space Operations Command: Commander's Strategic Plan 2022
From the Foreword: "With Space Operations Command (SpOC) in our second year, this Strategic Plan augments our original Strategic Intent with the purpose of focusing our collective efforts and to inform the SpOC resourcing process. Specifically, this plan identifies our SpOC lines of effort for 2022 as well as our efforts to strengthen space warfighting for our intelligence, cyber, operations, and combat support units. This Strategic Plan is focused on the actions necessary to improve SpOC's warfighting posture. The stand-up of Space Systems Command (SSC) and Space Training and Readiness Command (STARCOM) in Summer 2021 means that SpOC is now 'down to our fighting weight', and able to bring our full attention to improving our warfighting mission. The majority of our time, attention, and efforts going forward must be focused on advancing our warfighting prowess, our readiness, and our partnerships. This plan demonstrates how we support the U.S. Space Force (USSF) Space Capstone Publication (SCP), the Chief of Space Operation's (CSO) Planning Guidance (CPG), and the Commander United States Space Command's (CDRUSSPACECOM) Strategic Vision."
United States. Space Force
2022-03-11?
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2022 Challenges to Security in Space: Space Reliance in an Era of Competition and Expansion
From the Scope Note: "'Challenges to Security in Space' was first published in early 2019 to address the main threats to the array of U.S. space capabilities, and examine space and counterspace strategies and systems pursued primarily by China and Russia and, to a lesser extent, by North Korea and Iran. This second edition builds on that work and provides an updated, unclassified overview of the threats to U.S. space capabilities, particularly from China and Russia, as those threats continue to expand. [...] Since early 2019, competitor space operations have also increased in pace and scope worldwide, China's and Russia's counterspace developments continue to mature, global space services proliferate, and orbital congestion has increased. As a result, DIA [Defense Intelligence Agency] has published this new edition to: [1] Expand its examination of competitor space situational awareness (SSA), and command and control (C2) capabilities; [2] Detail the profiles of organizations operating space and counterspace systems based on new information; [3] Deepen our characterization of new space and counterspace systems deployed and in development; [4] Focus on China's and Russia's interests in exploring the Moon and Mars; [5] Provide a new section on the use of space beyond Earth orbit and its implications; [6] Widen our treatment on the threats posed to all nations' space operations from space debris." The original 2019 edition can be found at [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=821726].
United States. Defense Intelligence Agency
2022-03
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U.S. Department of State: 2001 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
"For the United States, indeed for the whole world, 2001 was a year in which the importance of universal human rights was brought sharply into focus by global terrorism. On September 11, 2001, the world changed. As President Bush declared in his State of the Union Address, 'In a single instant, we realized that this will be a decisive decade in the history of liberty, that we've been called to a unique role in human events. Rarely has the world faced a choice more clear or consequential. ...We choose freedom and the dignity of every life.' This choice reflects both U.S. values and the universality of human rights that steadily have gained international acceptance over the past 50 years. As the United States and our international partners commit resources to the fight against terrorism, we do so for all those who respect and yearn for human rights and democracy. […] There is, however, much more work still to be done. The Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2001 captures a world still reeling and reacting to the events of last September. Yet the Reports' central mission remains the same--to give voice to those who have been denied the freedoms and rights provided for in the Universal Declaration on Human Rights. The Reports confirm that the battle of ideas between those who suppress democracy and human rights and those who would see them flourish remains far from over. Only through the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms can the international community be secure from the scourge of terrorism."
United States. Department of State. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
2002-03-04
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U.S. Department of State: 2005 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
"These reports describe the performance of 196 countries in putting into practice their international commitments on human rights. These basic rights, reflected in the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights, have been embraced by people of every culture and color, every background and belief, and constitute what President Bush calls the 'non-negotiable demands of human dignity.' The Department of State published the first annual country reports on human rights practices in 1977 in accordance with congressional mandate, and they have become an essential element of the United States' effort to promote respect for human rights worldwide. For nearly three decades, the reports have served as a reference document and a foundation for cooperative action among governments, organizations, and individuals seeking to end abuses and strengthen the capacity of countries to protect the fundamental rights of all. The worldwide championing of human rights is not an attempt to impose alien values on citizens of other countries or to interfere in their internal affairs. The Universal Declaration calls upon 'every individual and every organ of society … to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance…' President Bush has committed the United States to working with other democracies and men and women of goodwill across the globe to reach an historic long-term goal: 'the end of tyranny in our world.'"
United States. Department of State. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
2006-03-08
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U.S. Department of State: 2004 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
"The 'Country Reports on Human Rights Practices' provide a key framework that the United States and others around the world use in assessing the state of human freedom and in marshalling efforts to advance it. The conscientious compiling of these reports equips us to more effectively stand against oppression and for human dignity and liberty. Our embassies and Washington staff work closely with local citizens, human rights and other organizations, and community leaders to identify, investigate, and verify information. These volumes, available in the languages of most of the world's peoples, foster discussion, promote advocacy, permit the measurement of progress, and show where improvements are needed. Over the last 12 months, we have worked closely with the international community to enable citizens in countries such as Guatemala, Indonesia, Ghana, Ukraine, and Afghanistan to make their votes truly count in selecting their governments. This fundamental right to effective suffrage opens the door for advancing a wide range of other rights, as the records in these countries have already begun to show. This 28th edition of our 'Country Reports' turns our spotlight on 196 countries, ranging from the stoutest defenders to the worst violators of human dignity. We take seriously our responsibility to report as accurately, as sensitively, and as carefully as possible the information in these reports."
United States. Department of State. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
2005-02-28
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U.S. Department of State: 2002 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
"Spreading democratic values and respect for human rights around the world is one of the primary ways we have of advancing the national security interests of the United States. The defense of liberty is both an expression of our ideals and a source of strength that we have drawn on throughout our history. Democratic values have also been at the heart of America's most enduring and effective alliances, partnerships which continue to help us meet the challenges of tyranny and deprivation. The U.S. Constitution aims to 'secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity.' We realize that liberty is not a finished product, and that the course set out for us by our Constitution requires vigilance. Our history is a narrative of a nation confronting and overcoming obstacles to freedom, and generations to come will also undoubtedly face the question of how to fulfill the promise of our founding documents. The Country Reports on Human Rights Practices reflect America's diligence in the struggle to expand freedom abroad. Together with past reports, and reports to come, this compendium is a snapshot of the global state of human rights that depicts work in progress and points the way to future tasks. It is a statement of our fundamental belief that human rights are universal; they are indigenous to every corner of the world, in every culture and in every religious tradition."
United States. Department of State. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
2003-03-31
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 4342, Domain Openness Through Continued Oversight Matters Act of 2014
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Energy and Commerce on May 8, 2014. From the Document: "Under current law, the National Telecommunications and Information Agency (NTIA) has certain responsibilities in overseeing the Internet Domain Name System (DNS): the system that maintains files that link domain names with numerical addresses needed to locate computer services and devices. The agency has announced plans to transfer those responsibilities to the international community; in preparation for that event, NTIA has requested a proposal from global stakeholders outlining a transition plan. H.R. 4342 would prohibit NTIA from relinquishing those responsibilities until the Government Accountability Office (GAO) has prepared a report reviewing the proposed transfer. The report must analyze advantages and disadvantages of NTIA's diminished role, the proposals received from the international community for the transition plan, and the process NTIA and other agencies would use to evaluate those proposals. GAO would have one year after NTIA receives a proposal to complete the report."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2014-05-30
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Long-Term Implications of the 2013 Future Years Defense Program
From the Summary: "In most years, the Department of Defense (DoD) provides a five-year plan, called the Future Years Defense Program (FYDP), associated with the budget that it submits to the Congress. Because decisions made in the near term can have consequences for the defense budget well beyond that period, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) regularly examines DoD's FYDP and projects its budgetary impact over several decades. For this analysis, CBO used the FYDP provided to the Congress in March 2012, which covers fiscal years 2013 to 2017; CBO's projections span the years 2013 to 2030. In February 2012, DoD requested appropriations for 2013 totaling almost $615 billion. Of that amount, about $526 billion was to fund the 'base' programs that constitute the department's normal activities, such as the development and procurement of weapon systems and the day-to-day operations of the military and civilian workforce. The remaining roughly $88 billion was requested to pay for what are termed overseas contingency operations--the war in Afghanistan and other nonroutine military activities elsewhere. The FYDP describes the department's plan for its normal activities and therefore generally corresponds to the base budget."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2012-07
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Historical and Planned Future Budgets for the Missile Defense Agency's Ground-Based Midcourse Defense Program
From the letter of Douglas W. Elmendorf, Director of the Congressional Budget Office, to the Honorable Jeff Sessions of the U.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services: "This letter responds to your request that the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) analyze the historical and planned future budgets for the Missile Defense Agency's Ground-Based Midcourse Defense (GMD) program. As shown in the attached table, CBO has compiled the amounts of funding that were provided for fiscal years 2008 through 2014 and the Defense Department's planned budgets for fiscal years 2015 through 2019. All of the budget numbers are based on Department of Defense budget justification documents and are given in nominal dollars (that is, they have not been adjusted for inflation)."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
Elmendorf, Douglas W.
2014-07-21
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 6, Domestic Prosperity and Global Freedom Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Energy and Commerce on April 30, 2014. From the Document: "Under the Natural Gas Act, the Department of Energy (DOE) regulates imports and exports of natural gas. H.R. 6 would amend that act to specify a deadline for DOE to issue decisions on certain applications for authority to export natural gas. Specifically, H.R. 6 would require DOE to issue a decision on any existing application within 90 days of either the enactment date of H.R. 6 or the close of the comment period pertaining to the application, whichever is later. Based on information from DOE, CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 6 would not significantly affect the federal budget. The bill would not materially alter DOE's regulatory responsibilities under the Natural Gas Act, and CBO estimates that any change in DOE's administrative costs, which are subject to the availability of appropriated funds, would be negligible because of the small number of permits involved. H.R. 6 would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2014-06-03
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: Grid Cyber Security Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources on May, 26, 2011. From the Summary: "This legislation would amend existing law regarding the regulation of facilities that transmit electric power. Under existing law, most of the standards governing the reliability of the electric power system are issued by the Electric Reliability Organization (ERO), subject to approval and enforcement by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). This bill would establish special procedures and deadlines for modifying the ERO's reliability standards if FERC determines that new guidelines are needed to protect the security of computer networks used to facilitate electric power transmission (known as cybersecurity). Other provisions would direct the Department of Energy (DOE) and the Department of Defense (DoD) to conduct studies on issues related to the security of the nation's electric power grid and would establish procedures for responding to emergencies and protecting information related to cybersecurity."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2011-06-30
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 2096, Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2011
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology on July 21, 2011. From the Summary: "H.R. 2096 would reauthorize several National Science Foundation (NSF) programs that aim to enhance cybersecurity (the protection of computers and computer networks from unauthorized access). The bill also would require the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to establish a cybersecurity awareness program and implement standards for managing personal identifying information stored on computer systems. Finally, the bill would establish a task force to recommend actions to improve cybersecurity research and development. Based on information from NSF and NIST and assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts, CBO estimates that implementing H.R. 2096 would cost $382 million over the 2012-2016 period and $39 million after 2016. Enacting the legislation would not affect direct spending or revenues. H.R. 2096 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) and would impose no costs on state, local, or tribal governments."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2011-07-21
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Federal Response to Hurricane Katrina: Lessons Learned
From the Document: "Awakening to reports of Katrina's landfall on the Gulf Coast the morning of Monday, August 29, American citizens watched events unfold with an initial curiosity that soon turned to concern and sorrow. The awe that viewers held for the sheer ferocity of nature was soon matched with disappointment and frustration at the seeming inability of the 'government'- local, State, and Federal- to respond effectively to the crisis. Hurricane Katrina and the subsequent sustained flooding of New Orleans exposed significant flaws in Federal, State, and local preparedness for catastrophic events and our capacity to respond to them. Emergency plans at all levels of government, from small town plans to the 600-page National Response Plan- the Federal governments plan to coordinate all its departments and agencies and integrate them with State, local, and private sector partners"were put to the ultimate test, and came up short. Millions of Americans were reminded of the need to protect themselves and their families. Even as parts of New Orleans were still under water, President Bush spoke to the Nation from the city's historic Jackson Square. He stated unequivocally, that '[f]our years after the frightening experience of September the 11th, Americans have every right to expect a more effective response in a time of emergency. When the federal government fails to meet such an obligation, I, as President, am responsible for the problem, and for the solution.' In his address, the President ordered a comprehensive review of the Federal response to Hurricane Katrina so we as a Nation could make the necessary changes to be 'better prepared for any challenge of nature or act of evil men that could threaten our people.' The President's charge has resulted in the material and conclusions of this Report, 'The Federal Response to Hurricane Katrina: Lessons Learned'. This report is the result of a review headed by Frances Townsend and is also commonly referred to as the 'Townsend Report'."
United States. White House Office
2006-02-23
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Press Briefing by Press Secretary Jay Carney [May 31, 2011]
In his May 31, 2011 press briefing Jay Carney answers questions regarding the Republican vote on rejecting a debt limit increase, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) air strikes, the President's meeting with the Republican conference, the state of the current housing market, the policy in Afghanistan and related costs, the current spending reduction measures, nominations for the Secretary of Commerce, and the Biden deficit talks.
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
2011-05-31
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United States and the European Union Initiative to Enhance Transatlantic Economic Integration and Growth [June 20, 2005]
From the Document: "By removing the impediments to trade and investment, increasing integration of markets, and enabling more dynamic private commercial activity, we seek to enhance economic growth and innovation across the Atlantic, make progress towards integration of the transatlantic market and strengthen our joint leadership in the global economy. We know this will be a multi-year effort and seek regular reports on progress. We are actively engaged in addressing many aspects of this work in the multilateral trade liberalization negotiations of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and we support early and ambitious conclusions to Doha Development Agenda by the end of 2006. For this purpose and in order to fully realize the development dimension of this crucial WTO round, we reiterate our utmost commitment to achieve by this year's Hong Kong Ministerial ambitious and balanced progress in the areas of market access for trade in industrial and agricultural products, services, as well as in the multilateral rule making agenda."
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
2005-06-20
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U.S.- German Joint Actions on Cleaner and More Efficient Energy, Development and Climate Change [February 23, 2005]
Cooperative efforts between Germany and the United States to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, pollution, increase energy security while encouraging economic growth are outlined in this joint statement.
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
2005-02-24
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Joint Statement Between President George W. Bush and Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra [September 19, 2005]
President Bush and Prime Minister Shinawatra discussed the recent hurricane disaster in the Gulf Region, counterterrorism, and U.S.-Thai economic relations.
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-
2005-09-19
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Weekly Address: Cutting the Deficit and Creating Jobs [July 02, 2011]
In his July 02, 2011 weekly address, President Obama speaks to the American public about ways citizens can adjust their spending habits and make the most of opportunities to save money in today's economy. Obama also mentions the government is making critical investments in education, research and technology to help solve the deficit problem.
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
Obama, Barack
2011-07-02
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Weekly Address: Strengthening America by Investing at Home [June 25, 2011]
In his June 25, 2011 weekly address, President Obama discusses the importance manufacturing and middle class level jobs will have in our economy. In support of this idea Obama announces the Advanced Manufacturing Partnership, which will link the federal government to researchers in order to make ideas into real technology.
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
Obama, Barack
2011-06-25
