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Crime Analysis for Problem Solvers in 60 Small Steps
"In this manual, Ronald Clarke and John Eck outline a role in which the crime analyst invests heavily in seeking new responses to the problems that are diagnosed and participates directly in efforts to test and implement them. The analyst is expected to contribute to exploring new, more creative, and potentially more effective ways of carrying out the police job. Through this manual, Clarke and Eck demonstrate how one analyst, properly trained and utilized, has the potential to increase many times the productivity and effectiveness of perhaps hundreds of police officers. Understood in this way, an investment in crime analysts can be a smart way to increase the return on the substantial investment that communities make in sworn police personnel."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Clarke, R. V. G.; Eck, John E.
2005
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Merida Part Two: Insurgency and Terrorism in Mexico, Joint Hearing Before the Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, and the Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Management of the Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session, October 4, 2011
From the opening statement of Connie Mack: "Two weeks ago, four expert witnesses testified in this hearing room. Two experts explained that an insurgency is raging along our southern border. The other two focused on the fact that violence and crime in Mexico has taken a unique turn and the U.S. response has not followed. All agree that the situation has evolved and fragmented into violent criminal control over parts of Mexico. [...] The criminal organizations are capturing the allegiance of the population through economic and social programs and as they undermine institutions, they have no desire to replace them. This makes the insurgency in Mexico more of a threat to democratic governance then we have seen in any other insurgency scenarios. Furthermore, these transnational criminal organizations are employing increasingly gruesome terrorist tactics to carry out their threats. The potential threat of criminal organizations controlling our southern border creates grave national security and economic implications for the United States. That is why in 2007 the United States began funding the Merida Initiative to improve the situation in Mexico. Unfortunately, we face more extreme threats and violence from our border region today than we did 4 years ago. The Merida Initiative has been successful in two areas: First, establishing deeper cooperation between the United States and Mexico, and that is clear; and two, removing major drug kingpins in accordance with the goals of the Mexican Government. Unfortunately, the game has changed. [...] A reduction in violence, while maintaining a full attack on the criminal organizations and strengthening the institutions to prosecute and punish them, is required in order to regain control. Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Connie Mack, William R. Brownfield, Rodney G. Benson, Mariko Silver, and Michael T. McCaul.
United States. Government Printing Office
2011
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International Exploitation of Drug Wars and What We Can Do About It: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session, October 12, 2011
From the opening statement of Dana Rohrabacher: "Yesterday it was revealed that Federal agents had foiled a plot by Iranian officials who were seeking to recruit a Mexican drug cartel to kill Saudi Arabia's Ambassador to the United States. […] This kind of linkage between foreign enemies and drug traffickers, as well as other domestic criminals, is not new. It has been growing for years, and nowhere is that more evident than in Mexico, right next door to the United States. And that is beginning to have a real and dangerous repercussion here in our own country. So today we look at the foreign elements that are engaged in Mexico and how that might affect not only the people there but also the safety and security of the United States." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Eduardo Garcia Valseca, Douglas Farah, Eric Farnsworth, Andrew Selee, Ted Poe.
United States. Government Printing Office
2011
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Has Merida Evolved? Part One: The Evolution of Drug Cartels and the Threat to Mexico's Governance, Joint Hearing Before the Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere and the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session, September 13, 2011
This is the September 13, 2011 hearing on "Has Merida Evolved? Part One: The Evolution of Drug Cartels and the Threat to Mexico's Governance," held before the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere and the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. From the opening statement of Connie Mack: "Today's hearing will address the evolution of illegal activity in Mexico to determine if taxpayer-funded programs have evolved accordingly. The reality is clear, and while Mexico doesn't want to admit this, there is an insurgency taking place in Mexico along the U.S. border. Since 2006, Mexican drug cartels have evolved into resilient and diversified transnational criminal organizations. The drug cartels have splintered into subgroups and expanded operations into human trafficking, kidnapping, extortion, weapons smuggling, and stealing resources such as oil. The result: A well-funded criminal insurgency raging along our southern border, threatening the lives of U.S. citizens and harming the U.S. Economy by undermining legal businesses. The insurgent activities utilized by the cartel are aimed at undermining the government, protecting their illegal activity, and winning the support of the people. For example, one cartel has provided economic and social services in Mexico, and crossing over into Central America, where they build roads and provide housing, food, clothes, and toys to lower income residents in return for their loyalty. If they are unable to win the hearts and minds, these criminal organizations use extreme violence to instill fear in the population to undermine the Mexican Government's ability to control its territory." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Gary M. Shiffman, Andrew Selee, Robert J. Bunker, and Pamela Starr.
United States. Government Printing Office
2011
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Narcoterrorism and the Long Reach of U.S. Law Enforcement, Part II, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Terrorism, Nonproliferation, and Trade of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session, November 17, 2011
From the opening statement of Edward R. Royce: "The title of this hearing is 'Narcoterrorism and the Long Reach of U.S. Law Enforcement,' and today we continue our look at that subject. A few weeks ago the subcommittee heard testimony from private witnesses on the growing nexus between drugs and terrorism. This afternoon we are joined by the head of the Drug Enforcement Administration's [DEA] Special Operations Division. Nothing better illustrates this threat than the Iranian-directed plot to assassinate a foreign ambassador on U.S. soil, detailed by the Justice Department last month. A key conspirator in this plot approached a DEA informant seeking to hire a Mexican drug cartel and their hit squad to carry out this attack. The plot was planned over multiple meetings in Mexico between the man now in U.S. custody and people he believed to be cartel members. This foiled plot is the latest example of how the DEA has reached beyond U.S. borders to investigate, arrest, and bring to justice those involved in terrorist conspiracies. This plot wasn't a surprise to the subcommittee. In 2006 we held hearings on the border where we heard testimony from local law enforcement that the drug cartels would move, in their words, anyone or anything, 'so as long as the price was right.' Iran apparently believed $1.5 million was the right price for this brazen attack. As we will hear today, an increasing number of U.S.-designated foreign terrorist organizations are involved in drug trafficking." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Derek S. Maltz and Edward R. Royce.
United States. Government Printing Office
2011
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Viewpoints in Homeland Defense and Security: DHS Intelligence [video]
In this Viewpoints interview, Jack Tomarchio, the Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis at the Department of Homeland Security, discusses DHS intelligence, its achievements over the past year, and the long term vision of DHS Intelligence and Analysis. The Center for Homeland Defense and Security produces the "Viewpoints in Homeland Defense and Security" series to allow homeland security leaders to share opinions on current issues and challenges. The duration of this video is 8 minutes and 42 seconds.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Tomarchio, Jack Thomas
2006-11?
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U.S. Obligations Under the Merida Initiative, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Second Session, February 7, 2008
From the opening statement of Eliot L. Engel: "As you may know, the Merida Initiative got off to a rocky start in Congress. As I mentioned at previous hearings, members were not consulted or briefed on the package before it was sent up, even after several requests. This was not the way to kick off such an important effort to combat drug trafficking and drug-related violence in Mexico and Central America. Nevertheless, the Merida Initiative is very important." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Thomas A. Shannon, Marisa R. Lino, Scott Burns, William J. Hoover, Kenneth W. Kaiser, Anthony P. Placido, Eliot L. Engel, and Dan Burton.
United States. Government Printing Office
2008
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Line in the Sand: Assessing Dangerous Threats to Our Nation's Borders, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Management of the Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session, November 16, 2012
This is the November 16, 2012 hearing on "A Line in the Sand: Assessing Dangerous Threats to Our Nation's Borders," held before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Homeland Security, Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Management. From the opening statement of Michael McCaul: "International terrorist networks are expanding their ties to ruthless Mexican drug-trafficking organizations and creating risks to our Nation's borders and a possible attack on our homeland. These are findings from our subcommittee's investigative report released yesterday: The Majority report, entitled 'A Line in the Sand: Confronting Crime Violence and Terror at the Southwest Border,' describes the growing concern that terrorist organizations will exploit burgeoning relationships with Latin American drug traffickers to infiltrate the Southwest Border undetected. Specifically Iran is attempting to cement relations with certain Latin American countries to expand its influence and challenge the United States. Iran has cultivated stronger relationships with Venezuela. Examining travel between the two countries, according to Ambassador Roger Noriega, former Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs, direct commercial flights from Caracas to Tehran continue despite claims to the contrary." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Michael T. McCaul, William R. Keating, Roger Noriega, Frank J. Cilluffo, Douglas Farah, and Marc Rosenblum.
United States. Government Printing Office
2013
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Call to Action: Narco-Terrorism's Threat to the Southern U.S. Border, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Management of the Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session, October 14, 2011
From the opening statement of Michael T. McCaul: "Violence in Mexico is spreading in ways that increasingly show characteristics of terrorism. The discovery of 32 bodies in Veracruz, the dumping of 35 bodies on a busy Mexican expressway--I know we had slides up here that demonstrate the visuals--and the placement of severed heads at the entrance of a primary school in an effort to extort money from teachers are all examples of the violent and disturbing actions of the Mexican-based drug cartels. I have introduced legislation that would designate the cartels as foreign terrorist organizations. The bill states, 'Foreign drug cartels have used brutal tactics of violence and the threat of violence against United States citizens to protect and expand their drug trade as well as their areas of operation.' Indeed, reports from law enforcement on both sides of the border underscore these violent extremes. According to the Texas Department of Public Safety, a review of information from multiple sources shows 224 decapitations have been reported in Mexico since 2009, including 64 since January to June 2011. In at least eight instances since 2009, bullets fired from Mexico crossed into Texas." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Michael T. McCaul, William R. Keating, Bennie G. Thompson, Todd Staples, Barry R. McCaffrey, Robert H. Scales, Sylvia Aguilar, Michael Vickers, Henry Cuellar, and Silvestre Reyes.
United States. Government Printing Office
2012
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Drugs and Security in a Post-September 11 World: Coordinating the Counternarcotics Mission at the Department of Homeland Security, Joint Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy and Human Resources of the Committee on Government Reform, and the Subcommittee on Infrastructure and Border Security of the Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eighth Congress, Second Session, July 22, 2004
From the statement of Chairman of the Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy and Human Resources Mark Souder: "Today's hearing addresses a vitally important topic for Congress and the Nation, the counternarcotics mission at the Department of Homeland Security. Specifically, we are here to discuss how well the Department is fulfilling its counternarcotics mission, what level of material and personnel support it is providing to anti-drug operations, and what steps it is taking to improve coordination and cooperation between its own counternarcotics agencies. […] The Department of Homeland Security is an absolutely crucial player in our efforts to reduce this terrible scourge. When Congress created the Department in 2002, it combined some of the most important anti-drug trafficking agencies in the Federal Government, including the U.S. Coast Guard, the Border Patrol, and the former Customs Service. Although there are certainly other Federal agencies with a vital role in our fight against drug trafficking, DHS is largely responsible for manning the 'front lines' in this mission. The Customs inspectors and Border Patrol agents at U.S. Customs and Border Protection [CBP]; the special agent investigators and the Air and Marine personnel at U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement [ICE], and the Coast Guard personnel patrolling the waters, represent our Nation's first line of defense against the drug traffickers. To ensure that these agencies would not neglect their counternarcotics role in the new Department, Congress specifically provided that the primary mission of DHS included the responsibility to 'monitor connections between illegal drug trafficking and terrorism, coordinate efforts to sever such connections, and otherwise contribute to efforts to interdict illegal drug trafficking.'"
United States. Government Printing Office
2004-07-22
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U.S. Homeland Security Role in the Mexican War Against Drug Cartels, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Management of the Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session, March 31, 2011
From the opening statement of Michael T. McCaul: "Our hearing today will do the following: Review the accomplishments of the Mexican government's war against the drug cartels, examine the U.S. role in the war, determine the implications for Homeland Security, determine what future actions the United States needs to take assisting Mexico to win this war." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Michael T. McCaul, William R. Keating, Bennie G. Thompson, Luis Alvarez, Brian A. Nichols, Frank O. Mora, Kristin M. Finklea, Jon Adler, David A. Shirk, John Bailey, and Ricardo C. Ainslie.
United States. Government Printing Office
2012
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EPA Enforcement Priorities and Practices, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Energy and Power of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session, June 6, 2012
This is the June 6, 2012 hearing on "EPA Enforcement Priorities and Practices," held before the U.S. House Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on Energy and Power. From the opening statement of John Sullivan: "Thank you for holding this important hearing today to discuss the enforcement practices and priorities of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Today we will be taking a critical look at some of these enforcement practices in EPA Region 6, which includes my State of Oklahoma. I am pleased to welcome my good friend Bob Sullivan, who is chairman of the Oklahoma Independent Petroleum Association. He is with us to discuss the importance of fossil fuels to our Nation and to share his real-life business experiences with EPA Region 6's enforcement practices on oil and gas producers. Thank you for your advocacy on oil and gas issues at both the State and Federal level. I am extremely disappointed that former EPA Region 6 director Dr. Al Armendariz decided to cancel his appearance at today's hearing at the last minute, and I think I know why. The American people deserve an honest explanation for his comment saying that the EPA should crucify and make examples out of oil and gas companies, which employ over 9 million Americans. This type of regulatory bullying and abuse underscores the problems we face with EPA's enforcement culture." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Ed Whitfield, John Sullivan, Bobby L. Rush, Gene Green, Fred Upton, Joe Barton, Henry A. Waxman, Barry T. Smitherman, Bryan T. Shaw, Robert J. Sullivan, Jr., Joel A. Mintz, Stephen B. Etsitty, and Allen Short.
United States. Government Printing Office
2013
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Continuing Oversight of the Nation's Weather Satellite Programs: An Update on JPSS and GOES-R, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight, Joint with the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session, Wednesday, June 27, 2012
This is the June 27, 2012 hearing on "Continuing Oversight of the Nation's Weather Satellite Programs: An Update on JPSS and GOES-R," held before the U.S. House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight, Subcommittee on Energy and Environment. From the opening statement of Paul C. Broun: "This is the ninth hearing this Committee has held on either the National Polar-Orbiting Environmental Satellite System, NPOESS, Program, or its successor, the JPSS [Joint Polar Satellite System] Program, since 2003. That does not even include hearings related to Geostationary Observational Environmental Satellite [GOES-R] and weather satellites in general. This level of oversight, continued under both Republican and Democratic administrations as well as Congresses, is indicative of how important weather satellites are to our society and to Members of Congress. Without both polar and geostationary satellites, our weather forecasting ability would be severely compromised." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Paul C. Broun, Paul D. Tonko, Andy Harris, Brad Miller, Kathryn Sullivan, Marcus Watkins, and David A. Powner.
United States. Government Printing Office
2012
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Confronting Transnational Drug Smuggling: An Assessment of Regional Partnerships, Hearing Before the U.S. House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation, and the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere, April 29, 2014
This is the testimony compilation from the hearing titled "Confronting Transnational Drug Smuggling: An Assessment of Regional Partnerships" held before the U.S. House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation, and the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere on April 29, 2014. From the opening statement of Chairman Duncan Hunter: "We are meeting today to review the federal government's efforts to confront transnational drug smuggling and stem the flow of illegal drugs to the United States. [...] I hope today's hearing will help clarify the direction we need to take in the future to ensure our men and women in uniform have the resources and assets they need to carry out this and other critical missions." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Duncan Hunter, Robert J. Papp, Jr., John F. Kelly, and Luis E. Arreaga.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure
2014-04-29
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Implementing the Nuclear Waste Policy Act - Next Steps, Hearing Before the U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on Environment and the Economy, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, September 10, 2013
This is the September 10, 2013 hearing on "Nuclear Waste Policy" held before the U.S. House Committee on Energy and Commerce. From the opening statement of John Shimkus: "On August 13, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit granted a writ of mandamus stating that '…the Nuclear Regulatory Commission [NRC] must promptly continue with the legally mandated licensing process.' The purpose of our hearing today is to examine the next steps for NRC and the Department of Energy to implement the court's decision. Thank you, Chairman Macfarlane and Assistant Secretary Lyons for testifying today. In its decision, the court rebuked the NRC for 'simply flouting the law,' something this committee recognized long ago. How is it that an independent agency with a clear statutory responsibility is criticized by a federal court for having '…no current intention of complying with the law'? Today's hearing will be focused on looking forward, but we have to be cognizant of the agency actions that led to this situation and vigilant against resurgent efforts to undermine the statutory process. The commission's recent order to give the parties until September 30th to comment on how the NRC should proceed, however well-intentioned, is eerily reminiscent of past NRC efforts to slow the review process and to stall the release of its safety evaluation report." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: John Shimkus, Fred Upton, Allison Mcfarlane, and Peter Lyons.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce
2013-09-10
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Oversight of the Department of Energy's Waste Treatment Plant at Hanford: Hearing Before the U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development, and Related Agencies, One Hundred Ninth Congress, Second Session, April 6, 2006
This is the compilation of the April 6, 2006 hearing on "Oversight of the Department of Energy's Waste Treatment Plant at Hanford," held before the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development, and related agencies, of the Committee on Appropriations. From the testimony of Tom Hash: "The Hanford Waste Treatment Plant is a complex of facilities being designed and built to treat highly radioactive waste stored in 177 aging underground tanks. Some of the tanks date back to World War II and 67 have leaked an estimated one million gallons of waste. This waste, the legacy of 50 years of Cold War plutonium production for nuclear weapons, threatens the nearby Columbia River and the millions of people living downstream. The Waste Treatment Plant will immobilize this waste using a process known as vitrification, which mixes the solid and liquid waste with molten glass to create a sturdy waste form capable of safely isolating the waste from the environment." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: A.J. Eggenberger, Kim Callan, Tom Hash, and James A. Rispoli.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations
2006-04-06
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Hearing on H.R. 5533, the Chemical Facilities Act of 2008 and H.R. 5577, the Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Act of 2008, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Environment and Hazardous Materials of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Second Session, June 12, 2008
From the statement of Hilda L. Solis: "The terrorist attacks of September 11 brought to the forefront the risks posed to our infrastructure by intentional acts of vandalism and terrorism, both foreign and domestic. These events and others also raise serious questions about our Nation's preparedness to respond to future attacks. This preparedness includes our drinking water system. I am pleased to have a representative with us today from southern California, a region which is particularly vulnerable to any threat to our water system, given our lack of water resources. The risk to our communities from chemical facilities and drinking water facilities, which use dangerous chemicals, as you know, are many. In addition to the damage to infrastructure, the economy and public health, such an incident would also seriously damage public confidence in our ability to secure our Nation. The risks we are discussing are widespread. Across our Nation, more than 7,000 chemical facilities may each pose risk to the health of 1,000 or more people. One hundred of these plants each risk one million people." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: John B. Shadegg, Lois Capps, Joe Barton, G.K. Butterfield, John D. Dingell, Cliff Stearns, John Sullivan, Benjamin Grumbles, Robert B. Stephan, Brad Coffey, P.J. Crowley, Marty Durbin, and Andrea Kidd Taylon.
United States. Government Printing Office
2008
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Rise of the Mexican Drug Cartels and U.S. National Security, Hearing Before the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, First Session, July 9, 2009
From the opening statement of Chairman Edolphus Towns: "Good morning and thank you all for being here. Mexico has long been an important ally and friend of the United States. It is this country's third largest trading partner, has one of the largest economies in the Americas, and remains the third largest source of foreign oil for the U.S. market. Unfortunately, over the past few years, organized crime has made Mexico a major producing and transit state for illegal drugs trafficked into the United States. As much as 90 percent of all cocaine entering the United States comes through Mexico. Criminals in Mexico are now the largest foreign suppliers of marijuana and major suppliers of methamphetamine. Apparently, crime pays: this criminal enterprise is estimated to produce annual revenues ranging from $25 to $40 billion. In December 2006, shortly after taking office, Mexican President Felipe Calderon began a major crackdown on the drug cartels operating in his country. Since then, almost 11,000 people in Mexico have been killed in drug-related violence. Almost daily, reports from Mexico depict killings, acts of torture, and kidnapping. And it is getting worse. This past June was the deadliest month on record, with over 800 killed in drug-related violence." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: R. Gil Kerlikowske, Alan Bersin, Lanny A. Breuer, Todd Owen, William Hoover, Kumar Kibble, J. Robert McBrien, Anthony P. Placido, Gerald E. Connolly, Edolphus Towns, and Diane E. Watson.
United States. Government Printing Office
2009
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Regulation of Existing Chemicals and the Role of Preemption Under Sections 6 and 18 of the Toxic Substances Control Act, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Environment and the Economy of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, September 18, 2013
This is the September 18, 2013 hearing on the Regulation of Existing Chemicals and the Role of Preemption under Sections 6 and 18 of the Toxic Substances Control Act before the U.S. House Subcommittee on Environment and the Economy of the Committee on Energy and Commerce. From the opening statement of John Shimkus: 'Today's hearing continues the subcommittee's examination of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), including statutory provisions, regulatory implementation, and practical outcomes. On June 13, our subcommittee held a hearing on the history and impact of Title I of TSCA. On July 11, the subcommittee explored regulation of chemicals before they enter commerce, under TSCA Section 5, and protection of sensitive business information, under TSCA Section 14. I believe these hearings have helped us understand a law as complex as it is broad. Our focus now is on regulation of chemicals once they are in commerce, under TSCA Section 6, and the role of Federal pre-emption, under TSCA Section 18.' Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Mark A. Greenwood, William K. Rawson, Jennifer Thomas, Justin Johnson, Lemuel M. Srolovic, and Linda Reinstein.
United States. Government Printing Office
2014
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St. Louis County Hot Spots in Residential Areas (SCHIRA) Final Report: Assessing the Effects of Hot Spots Policing Strategies on Police Legitimacy, Crime, and Collective Efficacy
From the introduction: "The purpose of this project was to conduct an experiment to study how a collaborative problem solving approach (PS) versus directed patrol (DP) versus standard policing practices (SPP) (the control group) differently impact crime in hot spots, but more importantly how the varied strategies impact residents' opinions about police, their neighborhoods, and their willingness to exert collective efficacy. The expected effects are outlined in Figure 1. Changing the amount of visibility and the nature and quantity of police interaction and response were expected to impact crime and also residents' perceptions about police services and conduct, affecting police legitimacy, perceptions of safety and victimization, and residents' willingness to promote collective efficacy. Project milestones are depicted in the timeline, Figure 2 in the Appendix."
National Criminal Justice Reference Service (U.S.)
Kochel, Tammy Rinehart; Burruss, George W.; Weisburd, David
2016-02
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Global Health Security in an Era of Explosive Pandemic Potential
From the introduction: "The world is becoming increasingly vulnerable to infectious diseases, creating a serious threat to global health security that we must address before it becomes unmanageable. In the past two decades alone, a series of global health crises have emerged, ranging from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and its phylogenetic cousin Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) to highly pathogenic human influenza A (H5N1), pandemic influenza A (H1N1), and Ebola virus disease. Currently, emerging threats with pandemic potential include the ongoing Zika virus epidemic in the Americas, yellow fever in Angola, and continuing human outbreaks of influenza A (H7N9) and A (H5N6) in China. The human and economic toll of potentially explosive pandemics will only increase unless we significantly reinforce the global health system."
McGeorge School of Law; Georgetown University. Law Center; Syracuse University. Institute for National Security and Counterterrorism
Gostin, Lawrence O. (Lawrence Ogalthorpe); Ayala, Ana S.
2017-01-18?
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Knowledge About COVID-19 in Brazil: Cross-Sectional Web-Based Study
From the Abstract: "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] is a highly transmissible illness caused by SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]. The disease has affected more than 200 countries, and the measures that have been implemented to combat its spread, as there is still no vaccine or definitive medication, have been based on supportive interventions and drug repositioning. Brazil, the largest country in South America, has had more than 140,000 recorded deaths and is one of the most affected countries. Despite the extensive quantity of scientifically recognized information, there are still conflicting discussions on how best to face the disease and the virus, especially with regard to social distancing, preventive methods, and the use of medications. [...] The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the Brazilian population's basic knowledge about COVID-19 to demonstrate how Brazilians are managing to identify scientifically proven information. [...] Overall, Brazilians with social media access have a good level of basic knowledge about COVID-19 but with differences depending on the analyzed subgroup. Due to the limitation of the platform used in carrying out the study, care should be taken when generalizing the study findings to populations with less education or who are not used to accessing social networking platforms."
JMIR Publications
Almeida Guimarães, Vinícius Henrique; Oliveira-Leandro, Maísa de; Cassiano, Carolina . . .
2021-01-21
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Examination of Racial Disparities in Bicycle Stops and Citations Made by the Tampa Police Department
From the Executive Summary: "On April 30, 2015, in response to a specific request made by then Police Chief Jane Castor of the Tampa (Florida) Police Department (TPD), the U.S. Department of Justice's (DOJ) Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS Office) announced that it would offer critical response technical assistance to the TPD, including a comprehensive analysis of TPD bicycle law enforcement focusing on bicycle stops and citations. The request for assistance was prompted by the April 17, 2015 publication of an article in a local newspaper, the Tampa Bay Times (TBT), concerning racial disparities in TPD bicycle stops and citations. This article alleged that the TPD uses minor bicycle violations as a pretext to stop, question, and search bicyclists in high crime, often Black communities as part of the TPD's proactive policing strategy. In essence, the article alleged that the TPD uses race as a marker of suspicion or racially profiles bicyclists in Tampa in an attempt to suppress crime. [...] This report is organized as follows: Chapter 1 is an introduction and overview of the report, which discusses the nature, scope, and aims of the technical assistance provided to the TPD. Chapter 2 focuses on assessing and explaining racial disparities in the TPD's bicycle stops and, secondarily, bicycle citations. Chapter 3 assesses the three race-neutral rationales for aggressive bicycle law enforcement offered by the TPD and examines the effect of bicycle stops on the intended outcomes of bicycle safety, bicycle theft, and overall crime. Chapter 4 briefly summarizes our qualitative findings from interviews and public meetings. The conclusion summarizes this report's findings and offers several recommendations based on these findings."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Ridgeway, Greg, 1973-; Mitchell, Ojmarrh; Gunderman, Sheila . . .
2016
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Investing in Community Safety: A Practical Guide to Forming and Sustaining Police Foundations
From the Document: "To maintain the public safety gains of the past 20 years and the vastly improved relationships between police and the communities they serve, citizens will have to play an increasing role in sustaining and building on past crime reduction and crime prevention successes. Police foundations assist not only large but also small and medium police departments across the nation by engaging business leaders in community policing, providing extra-budgetary support for innovative law enforcement needs, and sustaining public safety gains in times of diminishing resources. Police foundations help maintain police service, expand police capabilities, and bridge budgetary gaps. To assist these and other efforts, 'Investing in Community Safety: A Practical Guide to Forming and Sustaining Police Foundations' explains how properly instituted and managed police foundations can build a loyal donor base, help police departments strategically plan and effectively implement a progressive future, and ensure that both the raising and dispersing of funds are productive and ethical."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Delaney, Pamela J.; Brody, Joan; Andrews, William A. . . .
2014
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Deployment of a Smart Handwashing Station in a School Setting During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Field Study
From the Abstract: "'Background:' Hand hygiene is one of the most effective ways to remove germs, prevent the spread of infectious pathogens, and avoid getting sick. Since the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic began, health authorities have been advocating good hand hygiene practices. 'Objective:' The primary aim of this study is to field test a prototype smart handwashing station deployed in a school setting during the COVID-19 pandemic. 'Methods:' We deployed a smart handwashing station and examined key technological considerations including connectivity, security, and data management systems, as well as the health and safety of users. 'Results:' The smart handwashing station was deployed for 10 days in a school setting in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The smart handwashing station's electrical components remained operational during field testing and underwent robust cleaning protocols each day. The handwashing station was used 1138 times during the field test and there was no COVID-19 transmission at the school during the testing. 'Conclusions:' This study demonstrates that a personalized feedback approach using technology can successfully be implemented at a school and can provide a platform to improve hand hygiene among school-aged children." The original publication of this document can also be found here: [https://publichealth.jmir.org/2020/4/e22305/].
JMIR Publications
Herbert, Jeremy; Horsham, Caitlin; Ford, Helen . . .
2020-10-19
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Online Public Attention During the Early Days of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Infoveillance Study Based on Baidu Index
From the Abstract: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has become a global public health event, attracting worldwide attention. As a tool to monitor public awareness, internet search engines have been widely used in public health emergencies. [...] This study aims to use online search data (Baidu Index) to monitor the public's attention and verify internet search engines' function in public attention monitoring of public health emergencies. [...] We collected the Baidu Index and the case monitoring data from January 20, 2020, to April 20, 2020. We combined the Baidu Index of keywords related to COVID-19 to describe the public attention's temporal trend and spatial distribution, and conducted the time lag cross-correlation analysis. [...] The Baidu Index temporal trend indicated that the changes of the Baidu Index had a clear correspondence with the development time node of the pandemic. The Baidu Index spatial distribution showed that in the regions of central and eastern China, with denser populations, larger internet user bases, and higher economic development levels, the public was more concerned about COVID-19. In addition, the Baidu Index was significantly correlated with six case indicators of new confirmed cases, new death cases, new cured discharge cases, cumulative confirmed cases, cumulative death cases, and cumulative cured discharge cases. Moreover, the Baidu Index was 0-4 days earlier than new confirmed and new death cases, and about 20 days earlier than new cured and discharged cases while 3-5 days later than the change of cumulative cases." The original publication of this article can be found here: [http://publichealth.jmir.org/2020/4/e23098/].
JMIR Publications
Gong, Xue; Han, Yangyang; Hou, Mengchi . . .
2020-10-22
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Report on the 1st National Joint Union-Management Executive Symposium
From the Document: "From October 27-31, 2008, the 1st National Joint Police Union-Management Executive Symposium was held at Michigan State University. The symposium was sponsored by the School of Labor and Industrial Relations and the School of Criminal Justice from Michigan State University, and by the U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. The symposium brought together union and management leaders from law enforcement agencies across the United States along with representatives from Canada, Australia, and Turkey. The program included several issue-based content sessions as well as several skill-building sessions that helped participants to frame and understand the implications of key issues that affect both union and management. For these issues to be addressed most effectively, it is vital that both union representatives and management tackle them together. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions that took place during the symposium in order to provide police union and management leaders insights to help them work more effectively together."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
Polzin, Michael J.; Yantovsky, Tamara
2010-06-08?
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Diagnostic Accuracy of Chest Computed Tomography Scans for Suspected Patients with COVID-19: Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve Analysis
From the Abstract: "Computed tomography (CT) scans are increasingly available in clinical care globally. They enable a rapid and detailed assessment of tissue and organ involvement in disease processes that are relevant to diagnosis and management, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. [...] The aim of this paper is to identify differences in the CT scan findings of patients who were COVID-19 positive (confirmed via nucleic acid testing) to patients who were confirmed COVID-19 negative. [...] A retrospective cohort study was proposed to compare patient clinical characteristics and CT scan findings in suspected COVID-19 cases. [...] A total of 94 (56%) patients were confirmed positive for COVID-19 from the suspected 167 patients. We found that elderly people were more likely to be infected with COVID-19. Among the 94 confirmed positive patients, 2 (2%) patients were admitted to an intensive care unit. No patients died during the study period. We found that the presence, distribution, and location of CT lesions were associated with the presence of COVID-19. White blood cell count, cough, and a travel history to Wuhan were also the top predictors for COVID-19. [...] Taken together with nucleic acid testing, we found that CT scans can allow for the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19. This study suggests that chest CT scans should be more broadly adopted along with nucleic acid testing in the initial assessment of suspected COVID-19 cases, especially for patients with nonspecific symptoms." The original publication of this article can be found here: [http://publichealth.jmir.org/2020/4/e19424/].
JMIR Publications
Wu, Lianpin; Jin, Qike; Chen, Jie . . .
2020-10-20
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Resurgence of Cyber Racism During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Aftereffects: Analysis of Sentiments and Emotions in Tweets
From the Abstract: "With increasing numbers of patients with COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] globally, China and the World Health Organization have been blamed by some for the spread of this disease. Consequently, instances of racism and hateful acts have been reported around the world. When US President Donald Trump used the term 'Chinese Virus,' this issue gained momentum, and ethnic Asians are now being targeted. The online situation looks similar, with increases in hateful comments and posts. [...] The aim of this paper is to analyze the increasing instances of cyber racism during the COVID-19 pandemic, by assessing emotions and sentiments associated with tweets on Twitter. [...] The results suggest that the majority of the analyzed tweets were of negative sentiment and carried emotions of fear, sadness, anger, and disgust. There was a high usage of slurs and profane words. In addition, terms like 'China Lied People Died,' 'Wuhan Health Organization,' 'Kung Flu,' 'China Must Pay,' and 'CCP [Chinese Communist Party] is Terrorist' were frequently used in these tweets. [...] This study provides insight into the rise in cyber racism seen on Twitter. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that a substantial number of users are tweeting with mostly negative sentiments toward ethnic Asians, China, and the World Health Organization." The original publication of this article can be found here: [http://publichealth.jmir.org/2020/4/e19833/].
JMIR Publications
Dubey, Akash Dutt
2020-10-15
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Trends and Predictors of COVID-19 Information Sources and Their Relationship with Knowledge and Beliefs Related to the Pandemic: Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
From the Abstract: "During the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, there is a heightened need to understand health information seeking behaviors to address disparities in knowledge and beliefs about the crisis. [...] This study assessed sociodemographic predictors of the use and trust of different COVID-19 information sources, as well as the association between information sources and knowledge and beliefs about the pandemic. [...] An online survey was conducted among US adults in two rounds during March and April 2020 using advertisement-based recruitment on social media. Participants were asked about their use of 11 different COVID-19 information sources as well as their most trusted source of information. The selection of COVID-related knowledge and belief questions was based on past empirical literature and salient concerns at the time of survey implementation. [...] COVID-19 information source was significantly determined by participant sociodemographic characteristics and was also associated with both knowledge and beliefs about the pandemic. Study findings can help inform COVID-19 health communication campaigns and highlight the impact of using a variety of different and trusted information sources."
JMIR Publications
Ali, Shahmir H.; Foreman. Joshua; Tozan, Yeșim, 1975- . . .
2020-08-10
